Whole Body Terms

CHAPTER 4

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Structural Organization• Cells

– Smallest, most numerous structural unit• Tissues

– Groups of similar cells with specialized functions

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Structural Organization• Organs

– Tissues arranged together to perform a particular function

• Body systems– Organization of different organs to perform

bodily functions

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Terms Relating to Cells• Anaplasia• Aplasia• Dysplasia• Hyperplasia• Hypoplasia• Neoplasia

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Types of Tissues

• Connective• Epithelial• Muscle

– Skeletal– Smooth or Visceral– Cardiac

• Nervous

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Body Planes

• Midsagittal– Divides body into equal right and left portions

• Midline of the body– Medial– Lateral

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Body Planes

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Body Planes

• Frontal or coronal– Divides body into front and back portions

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Body Planes

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Body Planes

• Transverse– Cuts across body– Superior (Cranial, Cephalic)– Inferior (Caudal)

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Body Planes

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Body Regions

• Nine abdominal regions– Identified from left to right– Move from top to bottom– One row at a time

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Body Regions

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Abdominal Quadrants

• Landmark = umbilicus (navel)• Quadrants

– RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ– McBurney’s point– Monro’s point

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Abdominal Quadrants

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Body Cavities

• Ventral cavity– Thoracic – Abdominal – Pelvic

• Dorsal cavity– Cranial– Spinal

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Body Cavities

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Divisions of the Back

• Cervical Vertebrae (C1 – C7)• Thoracic Vertebrae (T1 – T12)• Lumbar Vertebrae (L1 – L5)• Sacrum• Coccyx

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Divisions of the Back

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Directional Terms

• Superficial vs. Deep• Anterior vs. Posterior• Ventral vs. Dorsal• Superior vs. Inferior• Cranial vs. Caudal

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Directional Terms

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Directional Terms

• Medial vs. Lateral• Distal vs. Proximal• Supine vs. Prone• Supination vs. Pronation• Plantar vs. Dorsum

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Directional Terms