Unit 3: Chapter 5 - Cells The smallest functional unit of life.
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Transcript of Unit 3: Chapter 5 - Cells The smallest functional unit of life.
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Unit 3: Chapter 5 - Cells
The smallest functional unit of life.
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1. ____________________ – Prokaryotes cells that _____________________ surrounded by __________ ______________________________ no true ___________, but they do have ___________ smaller in size, less complex ex: bacteria
2. _____________________ – Eukaryotes cells containing _____________________________ surrounded by _______________ ___________________________ these are the cells you are familiar with because ___________________. have _________________; specialized chemical reactions
A. Types of CellsA. Types of Cells
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B. Cell OrganellesB. Cell Organelles
Organelles = “_______________”They are the little “organs” inside the cell that perform
the different life functions1. _____________ = nuclei (plural) round membrane bound structure ____________ for metabolism and reproduction if removed cell dies
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a. _________________ = nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleoplasm double membrane – 2 layers inner and outer membranes combine and make nuclear pores b. ___________________ holes in the nucleus that control passage of substances in and out of the nucleus allows the nucleoplasm to remain different from the rest of the cellc. _________________ dense granular structures made of DNA, RNA, and proteins sites of production of _______________d. _______________ _________ bound to various proteins long thin threads = _____________ = hereditary material of the cells.
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2. ________________ ___________ material in the cell substances dissolved in the cytoplasm _______________________________________________ _________________________________________ contains and hold a variety of organelles.
Cytoskeleton
_____________ = movement of cytoplasm
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3. _________________________ system of fluid filled canals enclosed by membranes usually form a continuous network with nucleus ________________________________________________ provides a ____________________ where many chemical reactions can occur divides the cell into compartments so many types of reactions can go on at the same time membrane is similar to cell membrane _________________ appearance; _________ make it rough
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4. _______________ small particles ________________________ lots of them in cells
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5. ____________________ stacks of _______________ sacs _____________________________________________ Animal cells tend to have one golgi near the nucleus Plants usually have more than one Usually located __________ (made from same membrane) ___________________ outside of the cell ____________ (small bubbles) bind to the cell membrane.
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6. ___________________ round, oval shaped organelles ______________________________ site for aerobic _____________________ surrounded by a double membrane inner membrane is highly folded, why? Make ____________________ 300 – 800 a cell contain their own DNA and can replicate themselves.
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a.________________________: • _____ _____ Makes a High Energy Bond
Anaerobic Respiration (_____________) – done without the mitochondria and without ___________. 1. Alcoholic Fermentation _________ + ________ _____ + _______ + _____ 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation _________ + ________ ___________ + _____
Aerobic Respiration ______ + _______ + _____ _____ + ______ + _______ 2 Steps: 1. ________ = one ___________________, occurs in cytoplasm, similar to fermentation. 2. __________________________________ = break down the left overs of the glucose molecule, occurs in the mitochondria, _________ lots of _________
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7. ______________________ contain __________ (pigment = catches light) ___________________________ only in _______________
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a. Photosynthesis: Conversion of light energy into a useable form for the cell. _____ + _____ + _______ _________ + ______
2 Steps: 1. Light Dependant Reactions: Catches ______ and produces ____ 2. Calvin Cycle (Dark Reactions): Takes in _____ and makes ______
b. What color light works best for photosynthesis? Worst?
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8. _______________ protein tube pairs that are at 90 degrees to each other _____________________ involved in ______________
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9. ________ and _____________ _____________ organelles used for ___________ the cell or cleaning the area around it extend from the surface of cells ________________ ____________________________
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10. ________________ fluid filled ___________________ plants have vacuoles filled with cell sap, have large single vacuoles; food vacuoles ___________________ = pumps water out of the cell.
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11. _________________ sac-like structures contain strong ________________ = ___________ enzymes White blood cells, immune system, have lysosomes that break down bacteria involved when the tadpole loses its tail.
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12. ________________ most bacteria and __________ have cell walls located ____________ the membrane gives shape, provides rigidity and __________ in plants composed of __________ has many small openings that allow materials to pass in and out ____________________.
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13. ___________________ ____________ membrane _____________________________ - like the skin makes it possible for the inside of the cell to be _________________ than the outside ____________________________
a. Structure two layered structure composed of _________, __________, and carbohydrates ____________________ “____________________” proteins move around within the lipids ________ & _________ proteins
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b. maintain homeostasis internal environment remains relatively constant at all times i. pH keep around 7; concentrations of glucose, O2, CO2. ii. controls the transport of materials in and out of the cells iii. __________________________ certain types of substances pass through the membrane easier than others, selective. Lipid molecules and molecules that dissolve in lipids, alcohols, chloroform, pass through easily. ________________, water, glucose, amino acids, CO2, O2, pass through _______________. _____________, starch and proteins, _____ pass through the membrane. Electrically neutral molecules pass more easily than charge particles. Permeability changes at different times and in different cells.
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14. Plant Cells and Animal Cells
CentriolesCell Wall & Chloroplasts
Large Central Vacuole
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1. __________________ movement of molecules from areas of ________________ to areas of ___________________.
Molecules move until they reach _______________
C. Processes of the Cell MembraneC. Processes of the Cell Membrane
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a. Diffusion occurs because molecules are always in constant motion.b. Concentration Gradient the difference between _____________________________ the greater the difference the faster diffusion happensc. Move towards _________________ = same all aroundd. Helps with getting materials ________________________ O2 and CO2 move into and out of cells by diffusion e. Diffusion does not require the expenditure of ___________
Diffusion Animation
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2. ______________________ occurs because of specialized _______________________ _________ certain materials go across the membrane works in the direction of the concentration gradient ex: glucose from the blood into the cell.
Facilitated diffusion animation
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3. __________________ - ___________________ across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration - concentration of water = amount of water for a given volume - depends on concentration of substances in the water - more things dissolved in the water the less water there is.
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a. Effects of Osmosis • __________________ same concentration of dissolved substances as the cell no gain or loss of water.• ___________________ lower concentration of substances than the cell causes water to flow into the cell can even cause it to burst• ____________________ higher concentration of substances than the cell cause water to leave the cell the cell shrivels up plasmolysis = shrinking of the cell.
Osmosis animation
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4. _______________ a. __________________ diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion are all examples of passive transport movement of materials across the cell membrane without the expenditure of energy. b. ________________ movement of materials across the cell membrane with the ___________________ (ATP) make it possible to go ______ the concentration gradient ________ concentration ________ concentration endocytosis = transport of materials into the cell by a vacuole. pinocytosis = small amounts of liquid taken in ________________ = small particles taken in ________________ = movement of materials out of the cell by use of a vacuole.
Active transport animationPhagocytosis animation