Which factors determine the way we look?Introduction to Genetics (DNA Basics)

Standard(s): BI5. a. Students know the general

structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein.

BI1. d. Students know the central dogma of molecular biology outlines the flow of information from transcription of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the nucleus to translation of proteins on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Standard Explanations BI5.a. DNA-double helix-contain genetic

info, RNA-single-stranded, copy of a section of DNA, protein-make up many parts of the body

BI1.d. -DNA->mRNA->tRNA->proteins

ObjectivesSWBAT…•Explain the origin of new cells.•Describe the structure and function of

DNA.•Explain the genetic factors that influence

the way we look.•Recognize that DNA contains the genetic

information that determines the way we look

Review-The Cell Cycle-DNA is copied and the cell divides

Review-DNA contains the information to make more cells (in the nucleus).

(Review)What is the central dogma? The central dogma describes the flow of

information from DNA to RNA to proteins.

DNA Basics Double helix=twisted ladder Chromosomes=chains of DNA and

proteins. Contains your genetic info (instructions

to make proteins) Sequences of DNA=Genes Genes=codes for proteins=instructions

for traits

Structure of DNA 4 Nitrogenous Bases Adenine-Thymine (A-T) (steps) Cytosine-Guanine (C-G) (steps) Sugar-phosphate backbone (rungs) Nucleiotides-(smallest unit of DNA)

made of nitrogenous bases (steps), sugar-phosphate (rungs of ladder)

DNA If DNA contains the info to make cells,

and we are made of cells…then DNA determines our cellular and molecular make-up, which determines what we look like.

Why do we look like our parents, but not exactly like our parents?

Where does our DNA come from? ½ your DNA from your momma

½ your DNA from big poppa

Perfection!!!

Summary Questions What are the major events of the cell

cycle? What type of information is contained in

your genes? Describe the flow of information from

DNA to your traits. Where do you get your DNA from? How does the information in your genes

determine they way we look?