M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING

Medicinal

chemistry

What is medicinal chemistry?

The science that deals with the discovery or design of new therapeutic chemicals and the development of these chemicals into useful medicine

A Father of Modern Medicinal ChemistryEdward E. Smissman, University of KansasSmissman Award of the ACS Division of Medicinal Chemistry named in his honor

Everyday drugs…..Still produce a response; many are

addictiveCaffeineSugarNicotineAlcoholFood additivesVitaminsHerbs

cocaineBesides being an extremely addictive and dangerous narcotic, cocaine has some medicinal use. Cocaine has been used as a local anesthetic for eye and nasal surgery.

The vasoconstriction helps reduce bleeding and the systemic circulation of cocaine (into the heart, specifically).

The tobacco plant When tobacco smoke is

inhaled, the nicotine passes quickly to every organ of the body.

The brain and nervous system are stimulated by small doses and depressed by larger ones.

Nicotine increases the heart rate and the blood pressure, and may contribute directly to the excess of thrombosis and atheroma in smokers. 

HeroinDiamorphineOne of the best painkillers (“hero”)

1898: on market1903: withdrawn (addictive properties)

Today: still used

DRUGS

"all chemicals other than food that affect living processes."

The drug is a medicine. However, if a drug causes a harmful effect on the body, the drug is a poison.

The same chemical can be a medicine and a poison depending on conditions of use and the person using it.

DRUGS CLASSIFICATION

Drugs can be classified according to various criteria

Chemotherapeutic agents - used to cure infectious diseases and cancer. (Sulfa drugs, Antibiotics)

Pharmacodynamic agents - used in non-infectious diseases (Cholinergic, Adrenergic, Hallucinogenic, Sedatives)

Miscellaneous agents (Narcotic Analgesics, Local Anesthetics)

DRUGS NAME

Drugs have three or more names including a:

chemical name- rules of nomenclature of chemical compounds.

brand or trade name- selected by the manufacturer

generic or common name- common

established name

MODE OF DRUG ACTION

One major problem of pharmacology is that no drug produces a single effect.

primary effect is the desired therapeutic effect.

Secondary effects are all other effects beside the desired effect which may be either beneficial or harmful.

Drugs are chosen to exploit differences between normal metabolic processes and any abnormalities which may be present.

TYPES OF MEDICINES

SiddhaAyurvedhaAllopathyHomeopathyEtc………….

SIDDHA

The father of Siddha Vaidyam or Siddha Medicine. Agasthiya Guru

Siddha Medicines are natural and safe without any side effects.

Its a way of life formulated by Siddhars through their vision and realisation for getting peace for the mind, health for the physical body .

ANANAS COMOSUS

 English Name : Pine apple

Family Name : Bromeliaceae

Chemical constituents : Bromelin

Action : Styptic, Emmenagogue, Anthelmintic, Vermicide,

Diaphoretic, Aperient

Uses in Siddha :

It is useful in vomiting,gastralgia,jaundice .

It’s juice is processed into syrup and it helps

in vomiting, excessive thirst, leucorrhoea

and other pitha disorders.

CITRUS AURANTIUM

English Name : Sour orange, bitter orange

Family Name : Rutaceae

Chemical constituent : d-linalool and glucoside hesperidin

Action : Refrigerant, Stomachic, Tonic

Uses in Siddha :

? It is a blood purifier.

? It reduces secretion of excessive bile and

improves digestion and health.

? It also helps in curing cough, diabetes

mellitus, chest pain, liver disorder.

ANNONA SQUAMOSA

English Name : Custard apple, Sugar apple

Family Name : Annonaceae

Chemical constituent : Seeds has an acrid principle

Action : Coolant, Tonic, Haematinic

Uses in Siddha :

It is prepared as syrup and it helps to reduce

heat in the body.

AYURVEDA

"the knowledge for long life"

Ayurveda stresses the use of plant-based medicines and treatments.

All diseases originate as an inbalance in the digestive system. 

Up to 80% of people in India use either Ayurveda or other traditional medicines.

PAPAYA

Boosts up the immune system.

Increases quality of proteins in whole organism.

Encourages the renewal of muscle tissue.

Papaya can be use also externally as a treatment for skin wounds that don’t heal quickly, for this you can use papaya peel or ointments made out of papaya.

LEMON

Mouth ulcer and Throat infection.

Reduce Body Fat Stomach upsetConstipation Body pain

JACKFRUIT

The Chinese consider jackfruit pulp and seeds tonic, cooling and nutritious, and to be "useful in overcoming the influence of alcohol on the system.“

The seed starch is given to relieve biliousness and the roasted seeds are regarded as aphrodisiac.

The root is a remedy for skin diseases and asthma

ALLOPATHY

"The term 'allopathy' was invented by German physician Samuel Hahnemann ...

"Scientific medicine at the beginning of the [19th] century was heroic medicine.“

ACETAMINOPHEN

 Paracetamol They are widely used for the

treatment of inflammatory disorders and painful conditions

Paracetamol is a drug used as a painkiller (analgesic) and for reducing fever (antipyretic)

Other names are panadol & tylenol in US

Benadryl

Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride

Benadryl is a medication that is used for a variety of different purposes.

It can be used to treat insomnia, sneezing and runny nose due to the common cold.

Healthcare providers may also occasionally recommend off-label uses for Benadryl such as for treating morning sickness, coughing, and autism.

CHEMICAL IN REGULAR USE

TULSI

TULSI MEANS IN COMPARABLE

IT CALLED AS QUEEN OF HERBS

TULSI IS AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND

ANTI–OXDIANT

TULSI CONTENTS

OCIMUM SANCTUM

TULSI CONTAINS

ASCORBIC ACID

CAROTENE

ONE FORM OF VITAMIN -C

AMLA

Used in ayurvedha

Contains vitamin C

20 times the amount of vitamin C in oranges

prevents jaundice indigestion

regulates the blood sugar

GUAVA

Contains calcium , iron, protien

have more amount of vitamin A

prevents poor circulation

cataracts to help kidney to eliminate the waste

reduce the risk of cancer and cholestrol

TURMERIC

Used in sidha

Contains resin,fatty substances

Root contains 10% of glucosoid and turpethin

Contains mixture of phenol compounds

called curcumin

Having starch,protien,vitamin A,etc.

conclusio

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