Post on 23-Dec-2015
WATER QUALITY STANDARD
Indian Standard
Drinking Water - Specification
IS 10500 : 1991
Technical Terms
• BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards)
• Desirable limits
• Permissible limit
• PPM
• NTU
• Hazen Units
Filtration, Distillation, Reverse osmosis, OzonisationTreatment
Tannins, Iron, Copper, ManganeseNatural deposits
Sources
Visible tint, acceptance decreasesRisks or effects
Desirable : 5 Hz. , Permissible : 25 Hz.IS 10500-1991
Colour, Hazen Units
Activated carbon, Air stripping, oxidation, FiltrationTreatment
Chlorine, Hydrogen sulfide, Organic matter, Septic contamination, Methane gas
Sources
Rotten egg, Musty, ChemicalRisks or effects
UnobjectionableIS 10500-1991
Odour
Increase pH by soda ashDecrease pH with white vinegar / citric acid
Treatment
Natural Sources
Low pH - corrosion, metallic tasteHigh pH – bitter/soda taste, deposits
Risks or effects
Desirable :6.5 – 8.5, Permissible :No relaxationIS 10500-1991
pH
Reverse Osmosis, Distillation, deionization by ion exchangeTreatment
Livestock waste, septic system Landfills, nature of soil Hazardous waste landfills Dissolved minerals, iron and manganese
Sources
Hardness, scaly deposits, sediment, cloudy colored water, staining, salty or bitter taste, corrosion of pipes and fittings
Risks or effects
Desirable : 500 mg/l , Permissible : 2000 mg/lIS 10500-1991
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Desirable :300 mg/l , Permissible : 600 mg/lIS 10500-1991
Water Softener Ion Exchanger , Reverse OsmosisTreatment
Dissolved calcium and magnesium from soil and aquifer minerals containing limestone or dolomite
Sources
Scale in utensils and hot water system, soap scumsRisks or effects
Hardness
Neutralizing agent Treatment
Pipes, landfills Hazardous waste landfills
Sources
Low Alkalinity (i.e. high acidity) causes deterioration of plumbing and increases the chance for many heavy metals in water are present in pipes, solder or plumbing fixtures.
Risks or effects
Desirable : 200 mg/l , Permissible : 600 mg/lit IS 10500-1991
Alkalinity
Oxidizing Filter , Green-sand Mechanical FilterTreatment
Leaching of cast iron pipes in water distribution systems Natural
Sources
Brackish color, rusty sediment, bitter or metallic taste, brown-green stains, iron bacteria, discolored beverages
Risks or effects
Desirable : 0.3 mg/l , Permissible : 1.0 mg/lIS 10500-1991
Iron, Fe
Ion Exchange , Chlorination, Oxidizing Filter , Green-sand Mechanical Filter
Treatment
Landfills Deposits in rock and soil
Sources
Brownish color, black stains on laundry and fixtures at .2 mg/l, bitter taste, altered taste of water-mixed beverages
Risks or effects
Desirable : 0.1 mg/l , Permissible : 0.3 mg/lIS 10500-1991
Manganese, Mn
Ion Exchange , Distillation , Reverse Osmosis Sulphate Treatment
Animal sewage, septic system, sewage By-product of coal mining, industrial waste Natural deposits or salt
Sources
Bitter, medicinal taste, scaly deposits, corrosion, laxative effects, "rotten-egg" odor from hydrogen sulfide gas formation
Risks or effects
Desirable : 200 mg/l, Permissible : 400 mg/lIS 10500-1991
Sulphate, SO4
Ion Exchange, Distillation, Reverse Osmosis Treatment
Livestock facilities, septic systems, manure lagoons, fertilizers Household waste water, fertilizers FertilizersNatural Deposits
Sources
Methemoglobinemia or blue baby disease in infantsRisks or effects
Desirable : 45 mg/l, Permissible : 100 mg/litIS 10500-1991
Nitrate, NO3-
Reverse Osmosis , Distillation, Activated Carbon Treatment
FertilizersIndustrial wastes Minerals, seawater
Sources
High blood pressure, salty taste, corroded pipes, fixtures and appliances, blackening and pitting of stainless steel
Risks or effects
Desirable : 250 mg/l , Permissible : 1000 mg/lIS 10500-1991
Chloride, Cl
Activated Alumina, Distillation, Reverse Osmosis, Ion Exchange
Treatment
Industrial waste Geological
Sources
Brownish discoloration of teeth, bone damageRisks or effects
Desirable : 1.0 mg/l, Permissible : 1.5 mg/lIS 10500-1991
Fluoride, F
Activated Alumina Filtration, Reverse Osmosis, Distillation, Chemical Precipitation, Ion exchange, lime softening
Treatment
Previously used in pesticides (orchards)Improper waste disposal or product storage of glass or electronics, Mining Rocks
Sources
Weight loss; Depression; Lack of energy; Skin and nervous system toxicity
Risks or effects
Desirable: 0.05 mg/l Permissible: No relaxationIS:10500-1991
Arsenic, As
Ion Exchange, Reverse Osmosis, DistillationTreatment
Septic systems Industrial discharge, mining sites Geological
Sources
Skin irritation, skin and nasal ulcers, lung tumors, gastrointestinal effects, damage to the nervous system and circulatory system, accumulates in the spleen, bones, kidney and liver
Risks or effects
Desirable : 0.05 mg/l, Permissible : No relaxation IS 10500-1991
Chromium, Cr
Ion Exchange, Reverse Osmosis, DistillationTreatment
Leaching from copper water pipes and tubing, algae treatment Industrial and mining waste, wood preservatives Natural deposits
Sources
Anemia, digestive disturbances, liver and kidney damage, gastrointestinal irritations, bitter or metallic taste; Blue-green stains on plumbing fixtures
Risks or effects
Desirable : 0.05 mg/l, Permissible : 1.5 mg/lIS 10500-1991
Copper, Cu
Ion Exchange, Reverse Osmosis, Chlorination Treatment
Fertilizer Electronics, steel, plastics mining Sources
Thyroid, nervous system damageRisks or effects
Desirable : 0.05 mg/l, Permissible : No relaxationIS 10500-1991
Cyanide
Ion Exchange, Activated Carbon , Reverse Osmosis, DistillationTreatment
Paint, diesel fuel combustionPipes and solder, discarded batteries, paint, leaded gasolineNatural deposits
Sources
Reduces mental capacity (mental retardation), interference with kidney and neurological functions, hearing loss, blood disorders, hypertension, death at high levels
Risks or effects
Desirable : 0.05 mg/l, Permissible : No relaxationIS 10500-1991
Lead, Pb
Reverse Osmosis, Distillation Treatment
Fungicides Batteries, fungicides Mining, electrical equipment, plant, paper and vinyl chloride Natural deposits
Sources
Loss of vision and hearing, intellectual deterioration, kidney and nervous system disorders, death at high levels
Risks or effects
Desirable : 0.001 mg/l, Permissible : No relaxationIS 10500-1991
Mercury, Hg
Ion Exchange Water Softeners, Reverse Osmosis, DistillationTreatment
Leaching of galvanized pipes and fittings, paints, dyes Natural deposits
Sources
Metallic tasteRisks or effects
Desirable :5 mg/l, Permissible : 15 mg/lIS 10500-1991
Zinc, Zn
Chlorination , Ultraviolet, Distillation, Iodination Treatment
Livestock facilities, septic systems, manure lagoons Household waste waterNaturally occurring
Sources
Gastrointestinal illnessRisks or effects
95% of samples should not contain coliform in 100 ml10 coliform / 100ml
IS 10500-1991
Total Coliform Bacteria
Chlorination , Ultraviolet, Distillation, Iodination Treatment
Livestock facilities, septic systems, manure lagoons Household waste waterNaturally occurring
Sources
Gastrointestinal illnessRisks or effects
Nil / 100mlIS 10500-1991
E.coliform Bacteria
HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Poor taste, color and turbidity; staining; black slime0.3Manganese
Poor or sometimes bitter taste, color and turbidity; staining of clothes materials; iron bacteria causing slime
1.0Iron
Poor lathering and deterioration of clothes; with sulfate laxative
100Magnesium
Poor lathering and deterioration of the quality of clothes; incrustation in pipes; scale formation
200Calcium
Poor lathering with soap; deterioration of the quality of clothes; scale forming; skin irritation; boiled meat and food become poor in quality
600 mg/LHardness
Boiled rice turns yellowish600 mg/LAlkalinity
Affects mucous membrane; bitter taste; corrosion; affects aquatic life
6.5-8.5PH
Undesirable taste; gastro intestinal irritations; corrosion or incrustation
2000 mg/LTotal dissolved solids
General & Health effectBIS Guideline value (maximum allowable)
Parameter
General & Health effectBIS Guideline value (maximum allowable)
Parameter
Dental and skeletal fluorosis; non-skeletal 1.5Fluoride
Taste affected; corrosive1000Chloride
Taste affected; laxative effect; gastro intestinal irritation400Sulfate
Blue baby disease (methemoglobineamia); algal growth100Nitrate
Forms nitrosoamines which are carcinogenic -Nitrite
Indicates pollution; growth of algae-Ammonia
Astringent taste; opalescence in water; gastro intestinal irritation; vomiting, dehydration, abdominal pain, nausea and dizziness
15Zinc
Liver damage; mucosal irritation, renal damage and depression; restricts growth of aquatic plants
1.5Copper
Neurological disorders; Alzheimer's disease0.2Aluminum
HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
General & Health effect
BIS Guideline value (maximum allowable)
Parameter
Undesirable foaming-Detergent
Affects central nervous system0.001Pesticide
Carcinogenic; ulcerations, respiratory problems and skin complaints
0.05Chromium
Causes plumbism-tiredness, lassitudes, abdominal discomfort, irritability, anaemia; bio-accumulation; impaired neurological and motor development, and damage to kidneys
0.05Lead
Highly toxic; causes 'itai-itai' disease-painful rheumatic condition; cardio vascular system affected; gastro intestinal upsets and hyper tension
0.01Cadmium
Highly toxic; causes 'minamata' disease-neurological impairment and renal disturbances; mutagenic
0.001Mercury
Toxic; bio-accumulation; central nervous system affected; carcinogenic
0.05Arsenic
Algal growth-Phosphate
HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS