Warfare and Society in Ancient Greece

“Games and hound are the invention of gods”

Sports and warfare

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Cheiron, Achilles and a stag

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Peleus, Achilles, Chiron

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A hunter’s outfit•Net-keeper, “a man with a keen interest in the business, one who speaks Greek, about twenty years old, agile and strong, and resolute, that, being well qualified to overcome his tasks, he may take pleasure in the business”.

•Purse-nets of fine Pasian or Carthaginian flax

•Castorian or Vulpine hounds, from Laconia: big, light, flat and muscular

•Trappings: collars, leashes, surcingles

•Bitches: they should be relieved from work during the winter, for breeding purposes.

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The Greek hound

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Give the hounds short names, so as to be able to call to them easily. The following are the right sort:

Psyche, Thymus, Porpax, Styrax, Lonchê, Lochus, Phrura, Phylax, Taxis, Xiphon, Phonax, Phlegon, Alcê, Teuchon, Hyleus, Medas, Porthon, Sperchon, Orgê, Bremon, Hybris, Thallon, Rhomê, Antheus, Hebe, Getheus, Chara, Leusson, Augo, Polys, Bia, Stichon, Spudê, Bryas, Oenas, Sterrus, Craugê, Caenon, Tyrbas, Sthenon, Aether, Actis, Aechmê, Noes, Gnomê, Stibon, Hormê.

Xen. Hun. VII.5

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Palaistra and gymnasium

The gymnasium of Olympia

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Gymnasium

Palaistra

Palaistra and gymnasium at Olympia

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Palaistra: a place where body and mind were trained•Peristyle: a large central courtyard, open to sky, it was filled by skammata, pits used by boxers, wrestlers etc. for training.

•Exedrai (bays): lecture-rooms.

•Ephebeia: a larger exedra where epheboi were educated to the principles and values of the polis.

•Elaiotherion: room where oil was stored.

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Gymnasium•A building composed to three colonnades surrounding an open space.

•The single colonnade (xystoi) provided a covered track for training in bad weather.

•The open space served as a training area for javelin and discus throwers and jumpers.

14The gymnasium of Olympia

15The gymnasium of Olympia

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Inventory from a gymnasium in Delos•98 shields (for hoplitodromoi, hoplitomachiai).

•One “archaic” helmet box.

•12 torches (for torch races) dedicated by victors

•“Many dedicatory plaques”.

•3 elevated tubs.

•10 tubs on the floor.

•2 water jugs, 2 jars, an urn, a basin for holy water in the custodian’s office.

•2 amphoras and 2 sundials.

•Statues and statuettes, 41 hermae.

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Teaching staff of a gymnasium in Teos•At the end of the annual election of the magistrates and after the election of the secretaries, three grammar teacher will be hired to teach the boys and girls; the annual salary of the one elected on the first round is to be $13,000, of the one elected on the second round $12,100, and of the one elected in the third round $11,000.

•Two paidotriboi (physical trainers) will be appointed whose annual salary is to be $11,000 each.

•Either a kitharistes or a psaltes will be appointed with an annual salary of $15,400, who is to teach any paides who had advanced to the next level, and of those of whom he teaches each year, the younger ones will be taught music in general and how to either a kitharistes or a psaltes, but the epheboi will be taught only music in general. The paidonomos will decide about the age limits of these paides. If there should be an intercalary month an additional month’s salary will be paid.

•After notification to the demos the paidonoms and the gymnasiarchos will hire an infantry drillmaster and an instructor of archery and the javelin who will teach the epheboi who are enrolled in the music lessons. The salary of the instructor of archery will be $5,500 and that of the infantry drillmaster $6,600. The infantry drillmaster will teach not less than two months each year.

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The Chrematitikoi agones

“money competitions”

PRIZES FOR THE BOAT RACE

For the winning tribe: 3 bulls, 300 drachmas and 200 free meals.

Second place: 2 bulls and 200 drachmas

[The rest of the stone is broken off]