Post on 16-Dec-2015
Vertebrates
• Phylum: Chordata
Characteristics
1. Backbone
2. Backbone (vertebrate) surrounds and protects a nerve cord
3. Skull and vertebrate are made of either bone or cartilage
Vertebrate Characteristics (cont)
• 4. Endotherms (warm-blooded animals) that maintained a constant body temperature
• 5. Ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) that body temperature changes with their environment
Fish Class
• Examples- minnows, blue gills, clown fish
• Characteristics– 1. Fins- help the fish move steer, stop, and
balance– 2. scales- protect the body– 3. Well developed sense of vision, hearing,
taste, and smell– 4. lateral line system- row of sense organs
3 types of fish
– 1. Jawless fish- eel like fish, smooth, slimy, no jaw
– 2.Cartilaginous fishes- have cartilage, no bones, strong jaws SHARKS!
– 3.Bony fishes- bony skeleton, can float in place without swimming because they have a swim bladder
• Swim bladder- balloon like organ filled with oxygen and other gases that gives the fish buoyancy
Bell Work
• Define the following terms
• 1. endotherm
• 2. ectotherm
• 3. swim bladder
4. Name 2 characteristics of fish
Amphibian Class
• 1. Amphibians evolved from fish and to adapt to life on land they needed lungs for breathing
• 2. Lung- saclike organ that takes oxygen from the air and delivers it to the blood
Amphibian Characteristics
• 1. Amphibian means “double life” because they live in water and on land
• 2. Eggs do not have a shell or membrane to prevent water loss so they are laid in water
• 3. Ectotherms• 4. Skin is smooth and slimy• 5. They don’t drink water, they absorb it
through their skin
Amphibian Characteristics (cont.)
• 6. breath by taking air into their lungs and they absorb it through their skin
• 7. Their skin is so thin and moist they must live in water or in damp habitats
• 8. Their skin is brightly colored to warn predators away. This is called warning coloration.
• 9. 3 chambered heart• 10. Turn to page 70. in your book and draw the
life cycle of a frog.
Kinds of Amphibians
• 1. Caecilians- shaped like worms or snakes, they have no legs. They live in tropical areas
• 2. Salamanders- live under stones or logs in damp woods
Kinds of Amphibians
• 3. Frogs and toads have powerful legs for jumping, well developed ears for hearing, sticky tongues, and vocal cords for calling
• Vocal sac-thin sac of skin that inflates with air and vibrates
Reptiles
• 1. Some amphibians evolved special traits that prepared them for life in a drier environment
• 2. They developed thick, dry skin that protected them from water loss
• 3. Their legs were stronger so they could walk and they evolved a special egg that could survive on dry land
Reptile Characteristics
• 1. Some reptiles live in water but they use lungs to breathe air
• 2. Thick dry skin, that is water tight and prevents losing water by evaporation
• 3. Ectothermic• 4. Amniotic egg-surrounded by a shell that
protects an developing embryo (most important adaptation)
• 5. Internal fertilization• 6. 3 chamber heart
Types of Reptiles
• 1. Turtles and Tortoises
• 2. Crocodiles and Alligators
• 3. Lizards
• 4. Snakes
Bell Work
• 1. Name the 4 types of reptiles.
• 2. What animal group did reptiles evolve from?
• 3. Are reptiles ectothermic or endothermic?
• 4. Name 3 characteristics of reptiles?
Birds
• 1. Class: Aves• 2. Birds are thought to be
descendants of dinosaurs• 3. Share some
characteristics with reptiles– A. Bird legs and feet are
covered with thick dry scales like reptiles
– B. Both have amniotic eggs with a shell
Bird Characteristics
• 1. Beaks instead of teeth or jaws
• 2. Feathers• 3. Wings• 4. Need a lot of
energy to be able to fly
• 5. Eat large amounts of food
Bird Characteristics
• 6. Air Sacs- special sacs attached to the lungs that increases the amount of oxygen that birds can take in
• 7. Lighter skeletons- hollow bones
• 8. 4 chamber heart• 9. Endothermic
Kinds of Birds
• 1. Flightless Birds– A. penguins– B. ostrich
• 2. Water Birds– A. ducks– B. loons
• 3. Birds of Prey– A. owls– B. hawks
Kinds of Birds
• 4. Perching birds– A. cardinal– B. chickadees
• 5. Non Perching birds– A. red-bellied wood
pecker
Origin of Mammals
• Fossil evidence shows 280 million years ago there were mammal-like reptiles called therapsids
Characteristics of Mammals
• 1. Mammary glands- secrete nutritious milk
• 2. Endothermic• 3. Hair somewhere on
their bodies• 4. Specialized teeth• 5. 4 chamber heart• 6. Large brains
Characteristics of Mammals
• 7. Require oxygen to burn or break down the food they eat
• 8. Diaphragm- muscle at the bottom of the rib cage that moves and helps with inhaling and exhaling
• 9. Produce sexually
Kinds of Mammals
• 1. Monotremes- mammals that lay eggs
• A. have mammary glands
• B. echidnas• C. duckbilled platypus
Kinds of Mammals
• 2. Marsupials- mammals with pouches– A. have mammary
glands– B. opossums– C. kangaroos– D. koalas– E. Tasmanian devils