Post on 04-Apr-2018
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
1/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 1
BUSINESS RESEARCH
MS108
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
2/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 2
SCHEME OF EVALUATIONSR.
NO.
EVALUATION
CATEGORY
MARKS
ALLOTTED
WEIGHTAGE
OUT OF 401 Written Internal Test 40 15
2 Report ( I to IV)
Via Voice
Business Research
Project
(15*4)=60
40
100
10
05
15
3 Written Assignments/
Class room
Presentations
Class Room Activities
(15*4)=60
60 10
TOTAL 200 40
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
3/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 3
UNIT 1- SESSION DETAILS
Session 1&2 LECTURE - Nature & scope of business
Announcement - BRP-Part I
Session 3&4LECTUREResearch process; Problem identification &
definition, Determination of information need
Session 5&6LECTUREHypothesis formulation
Announcement - ASSIGNMENT 1 (Business research exe.)
Session 7 - LECTUREDeveloping research proposal
Session 8 - Class Room Presentations by all syndicates on Ass. 1
Submission - Assignment 1 (Business research exe. Report)
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
4/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 4
UNIT 1
SESSION 1 & 2
BUSINESS RESEARCH DEFINITION,
NATURE AND SCOPE
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
5/84
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
6/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 6
What is Research?
The task of research is to generate accurateinformation for use in decision making. The
emphasis of research is on shifting decisionmakers from intuitive information gathering tosystematic and objective investigation.
Research is defined as the systematic andobjective process of gathering, recording andanalyzing data for aid in making decisions
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
7/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 7
Objectives
1.To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to
explore new ideas.
2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a
particular individual, situation or a group.
3. To determine the frequency with whichsomething occurs or with which it is associated.
4. To establish a cause and effect relationship and
test the relationship between two variables.
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
8/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 8
Why is Research Needed / Important /
Necessary IN Business?
EFFCETIVE DECISION MAKING UNAVAILABILITY OF PORTABLE
SOLUTIONS
FREQUENTLY CHANGING BUSINESSENVIRONMENT
TO EXPLORE NEW MARKETS &
OPPORTUNITES TO IDENTIFY PROBLEM AREAR etc
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
9/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 9
Characteristics of Research
1. Research begins with a problem in the form of a
question in the mind of the researcher.2. Research demands the identification of a problem,
stated in clear, unambiguous terms.
3. Research requires a plan.
4. Research deals with the main problem throughappropriate sub-problems.
5. Research seeks direction through appropriatehypotheses and is based upon obvious assumptions.
6. Research deals with facts and their meaning.
7. Research is circular.
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
10/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 10
Types of Business Research
1. Basic Research
2. Applied research
1. Descriptive Vs Analytical
2. Applied (Basic) Vs Fundamental (Applied)
3. Quantitative Vs Qualitative
4. Conceptual Vs Empirical
5. Special types of research
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
11/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 11
Other Types of Research
Based on the purposes for which the researches are
conducted, they may be divided into following categories:
1. Baseline/Bench-mark survey/Research.
2. Evaluation Research:
a) Formative Evaluation (Mid-term)
b) Terminal Evaluation.
3. Impact assessment/research
4. Feasibility studies.
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
12/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 12
Nature of Research
a.BR- As an economic resource
b BR- As a system of authority
c. BR- As an activity of business managementd. BR- As a Team effort
e. BR- AS an art or science
f. BR- As a professiong. BR- As an interdisciplinary system
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
13/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 13
Scope & Application in Various
Functions of Business
Management
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
14/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 14
Scope of Market Research
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
15/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 15
1.Advertising Research
a. Motivation research
b. Copy research
c. Media research
d. Studies of advertisement effectiveness
e. other
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
16/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 16
2. Business economic and corporate research
a. Short range forecastingb. Long range forecasting
c. Studies of business trends
d. Pricing studiese. Plant and warehouse location studies
f. product mix studies
g. Acquisition Studiesh. Export and international studies
i. Others
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
17/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 17
3. Corporate responsibility research
a. Consumers rights to know studies
b. Ecological impact studiesc. Studies of legal constraints
d. Social values and policies studies
e. Others
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
18/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 18
4.Product research
5. Packaging research
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
19/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 19
6. Sales and market research
a. Measurement of market potential
b. Market share analysis
c. Sales analysis
d. Establishment of sales quotas & territories
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
20/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 20
e. Distribution channel studies
f. Test marketsg. Consumer panel operation
h. Sales compensation studies
I Promotional studiesj. Others
MAJOR ASSIGNMENT
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
21/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 21
MAJOR ASSIGNMENT
BUSINESS RESEARCH PROJCET
SECTION A
SECTION B
SUBMISSIONSESSION 9
BRPPART I PRESENTATIONSESSION 10(By all the syndicates of 5-7 Min. duration)
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/BRP%20details.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/BRP2010.xlshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/BRP2010.xlshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/BRP2010.xlshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/BRP2010.xlshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/BRP%20details.doc7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
22/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 22
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
23/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 23
UNIT 1
SESSION 3 & 4
PROBLEM IDENTIFIACTION
AND
DEFINITION
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
24/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 24
What Is A Research Problem?
It refers to some difficulty which a
researcher experiences in context of eithera theoretical or practical situation and
wants to obtain a solution for the same.
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
25/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 25
Components of a research problem
*There must be an individual or a group or anorganization
*There must be at least two courses of action
*There must be at least two possible outcomes
*The courses of actions available must provide some
chance of obtaining the objective
* There must be some environment to which the difficulty
pertains
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
26/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 26
Selecting a problem
Following points to be avoided whileselecting a problem,
1. Overdone Subject2, Controversial subject
3. Too narrow and too vague problem
4. Unfeasible subject5. Uneconomical and time consuming
problem
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
27/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 27
Steps involved in defining a problem
(1) General definition of the problem
(2) Understanding the nature of the problem
(3) Surveying the literature available
(4) Developing the ideas
(5) Rephrasing the problem
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
28/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 28
Research question
*Questions in the mind of researcher
*All are able to achieve research
objective/ to solve research problem ifput together
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
29/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 29
Three types of Research questionsA. Descriptive questions
B. Comparison QuestionsC. Relational Questions
Association Questions (Happening together)
Causal Questions
a. Concomitant Variation (two things varytogether)
b. Time sequence of the variable (Occurrence of
two variables)c. Cause variable (Reasons behind
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
30/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope Prof. Parul Gupta 30
Illustration
1) What sport matches your personality?
Research questions
1. Sociability2. Spontaneity
3. Discipline
4, Aggressiveness
5. Competitiveness6. Mental focus
7. Risk taking
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
31/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope Prof. Parul Gupta 31
1. Sociability
2. Spontaneity
3. Discipline
4, Aggressiveness
5. Competitiveness
6. Mental focus
7. Risk taking
Variable
sVery
HighHigh Medium Low Very
Low
1 *2 *
3 *
4 *
5 *
6 *
7 *
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
32/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope Prof. Parul Gupta 32
Possible Answers
1. Carom
2. Jogging
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
33/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope Prof. Parul Gupta 33
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
Define Research
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
34/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope Prof. Parul Gupta 34
Problem &ResearchObjective
[II]
Review conceptsand theories
[II]
Review previousresearch finding
[IV]Design research
(Including Sampledesign)
[V]Collect data
(Execution)
[VI] Analyze Data(Test Hypothesis)
[VII] Interpretationand Implications
[III]FormulateHypothesis
FF
F
F
FFF
[VIII] Actionable
Proposition
[IX] Reportpreparation
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
35/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope Prof. Parul Gupta 35
(I) Defining the Research ProblemA problem well defined is half solved
Two steps are involved defining the research problem
a. Understanding the problem thoroughly and
b. Rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from
analytical point of view
Techniques for preliminary investigation
a. Situation Analysis
b. Informal investigations
Researcher can review two types of literature
a. The conceptual literature
b. The empiricalliterature
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
36/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope Prof. Parul Gupta 36
(II) Review of theories, conceptsand previous research finding
Background of the study
Research questionsFormulation of Hypothesis
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
37/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope Prof. Parul Gupta 37
(III) Development of Working Hypothesis
Working hypothesis is tentative assumptionmade in order to draw out and test its logical
or empirical consequences
Approach
1.Discussion with colleagues and experts
2. Examination of data and records3. Review of the same
4. Exploratory personal investigation which
involves original field interviews
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
38/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope Prof. Parul Gupta 38
(IV) Research Designs (including sample
design)
Research Design is the basic framework whichprovides guidelines for the rest of the research
work. It is a map or a blueprint according to
which the research is to be conducted.
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
39/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope Prof. Parul Gupta 39
Research design categories
a. Exploratory research designs
b. Descriptive research designs
c. Causal research designs
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
40/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope Prof. Parul Gupta 40
Following points must be considered while selecting
any of the research designs available
1. The means of obtaining the information
2. The availability and skills of the researcher and hisstaff
3. Time available
4. Cost factor
5. sampling plan
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
41/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope Prof. Parul Gupta 41
Sample design
Asample design is a definite plan determined beforeany data is actually collected for obtaining a sample
from a given population
It provides answer to the following four questions;
1. What sampling unit should be studied ?
2. What should be the sample size?
3. What sample procedure should be used?
4. What contact method should be used
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
42/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope Prof. Parul Gupta 42
(IV) Data collection
A. Primary Data Collection Tools
1. By observation
2. Through personal interview
3. Through telephone interviews
4. Through Schedules
5. By mailing questionnaire
B. Secondary Data Collection Tools1. Printed information
2. Already available information in other forms
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
43/84
Business Rreserach-Nature & Scope Prof. Parul Gupta 43
(V) Analysis of data
The researcher should classify the raw data into somepurposeful and usable categories.
Three operations have to de done before the raw data isbrought in a form to be analyzed further.
a. Coding
b. Editing
c. Tabulation
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
44/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 44
After successful completion of above operations
following three steps are there to follow to complete
Data analysis
1. Hypothesis Testing
a. Chi Square
b. F- test
c. Z test
2. Generalization
3. Interpretation
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
45/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 45
(VII) Interpretation and Implications
(VIII) Actionable Implications
(IX) Report Preparation
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
46/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 46
1
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
47/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 47
UNIT 1
SESSION 5 & 6
HYPOTHESIS FORMULATION
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
48/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 48
Hypothesis
A tentative explanation for an
observation, phenomenon, or scientific
problem that can be tested by furtherinvestigation. A hypothesis describes in
concrete terms, in the form of a
statement, what you expect willhappen
in your study.
following aspects should be kept in mind whenf i i
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
49/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 49
g p pformulating a hypothesis:
Hypotheses can only be formulated after the researcher has gained
enough knowledge regarding the nature, extent and intensity of theproblem.
Hypotheses should figure throughout the research process in orderto give structure to the research.
Hypotheses are tentative statements/solutions or explanations of theformulated problem. Care should be taken not to over-simplify andgeneralize the formulation of hypotheses.
The research problem does not have to consist of one hypothesisonly. The type of problem area investigated, the extent whichencircles the research field are the determinating factors on howmany hypotheses will be included in the research proposal.
C it i f th f l ti f h th i
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
50/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 50
Criteria for the formulation of a hypothesisfollowing criteria are of importance in formulating
hypotheses. A hypothesis should:
stand a test;
be expressed in clear language;
be in accordance with the general theme of other
hypotheses statements in the same field of study, andshould be regarded as valid;
be. coordinated with the theory of science;
be a tentative answer to the formulated problem;
be logical and simplistic; consider available research techniques (to be able to
analyze and interpret the results);
be specific; and
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
51/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 51
Be relevant to the collection of empirical
phenomenon and not merely conclude valuejudgments
In case of exploratory research generallythere exist no hypothesis
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
52/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 52
Steps in
Formulating
a Hypothesis
1 Decide what you want to explain: choose a
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
53/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 53
1.Decide what you want to explain: choose adependent variable
2. Choose independent variables that also showvariation
3. Think of multiple causes of the dependentvariable
4. Consider alternative measures of both thedependent and independent variables.
VARIABLES AND ATTRIBUTES
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
54/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 54
Variable
any entity that can take on different values. Anything thatcan be assigned a value.
Age can change. Nationality can differ.
Variables are not always quantitative or numerical.
Attribute
a specific value on a variable
The variable sex or genderhas two attributes: male
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
55/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 55
g
andfemale.
Or,
The variable agreementmight be defined as havingfive attributes:
1=strongly agree
2=disagree 3=neutral
4=agree
5=strongly agree
TYPES of VARIABLES
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
56/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 56
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Example
Research questionHow could extended use of the Internetnegatively affect college students academic performance?
Extended use of the Internet negatively affects most collegestudents academic performance
Independent variable = internet use
attributes: high, moderate, low, none
Dependent variable = Performance
Attributes: Good, average, Bad
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
57/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 57
Variable Traits
A. Exhaustive
B. Mutually exclusive
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
58/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 58
Different forms of Hypothesis
A. Non Directional Hypothesis
All examples of associated difference, sometimes callednon directional hypotheses
B. Directional Hypothesis1. With magnitude
2. Without magnitude
TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
59/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 59
TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
The prediction is that variables A and B arerelated.
The only other possible outcome is that variables A
and B arenot related
A.NULL HYPOTHESIS
B. ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
The Null Hypothesis
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
60/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 60
The Null Hypothesis
In statistics, a null hypothesis set up to be nullified
or refuted which states that "there is no phenomenon". It is a
hypothesis that is presumed true until statistical
evidence in the form of a hypothesis test indicatesotherwise
H0:1 = 2
where:H0 = the null hypothesis
1 = the mean of population 1, and
2 = the mean of population 2.
The Alternative Hypothesis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
61/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 61
yp
The alternative hypothesis is simply the question
you are asking
Denoted by HA or H1
Just opposite to Null Hypothesis
H1: 1 = 2
TWO TAILED V/s ONE TAILED TEST
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
62/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 62
TWO TAILED V/s ONE TAILED TEST
EXAMPLE
you are investigating the effects of a new employee trainingprogram and that you believe one of the outcomes will be thatthere will be less employee absenteeism. Your two hypothesesmight be stated something like this:
The null hypothesis for this study is:
HO: As a result of the XYZ company employee trainingprogram, there will either be no significant difference inemployee absenteeism or there will be a significant increase.
which is tested against the alternative hypothesis:
HA: As a result of the XYZ company employee trainingprogram, there will be a significantdecrease in employeeabsenteeism.
ONE TAILED TEST
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
63/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 63
ONE TAILED TEST
TWO TAILED TEST
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
64/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 64
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
65/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 65
Assignment 1
BUSINESS ass-1.docRESEARCH
EXERCISE
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/ass-1.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/ass-1.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/ass-1.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/ass-1.doc7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
66/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 66
UNIT 1
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
67/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 67
UNIT 1
SESSION 7 & 8
How To Write a Research Proposal
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
68/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 68
The goal of a researchproposal (RP) is to
present and justify a research idea you have
and to present the practical ways in which you
think this research should be conducted.
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
69/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 69
Having decided on the research topic and defined a clear
research question or set of questions, together with appropriatemethods of seeking answers, you now need to convey your plan
ofresearch clearly in a researchproposal.
Research proposals serve a number of purposes. Among them:
They convince others that your research is worth undertaking. They enable you to demonstrate expertise and competency in
your particular area of study.
They may serve as a contract between the researcher and her
funders. They serve as a planning tool for the researcher
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
70/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 70
Regardless of your research area and the
methodology you choose, all research
proposals must address the following
questions:
What you plan to accomplish,
why you want to do it and
how you are going to do it.
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
71/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 71
Title: It should be concise and descriptive
Often titles are stated in terms of a functionalrelationship, because such titles clearly indicate the
independent and dependent variables. However, if possible, think of an informative but
catchy title. An effective title not only pricks thereader's interest, but also predisposes him/her
favorably towards the proposal.
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
72/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 72
Abstract:
It is a brief summary of approximately 300
words. It should include the research question,
the rationale for the study, the hypothesis (ifany), the method and the main findings.
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
73/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 73
Introduction:
The main purpose of the introduction is to provide the necessary backgroundor context for your research problem
try to place your research question in the context of either a current "hot"area, or an older area that remains viable.
Secondly, you need to provide a brief but appropriate historical backdrop.
Thirdly, provide the contemporary context in which your proposed researchquestion occupies the central stage.
Finally, identify "key players" and refer to the most relevant and
representative publications.
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
74/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 74
The introduction generally covers the following elements:
State the research problem, which is often referred to as thepurpose of the study.
Provide the context and set the stage for your researchquestion in such a way as to show its necessity and
importance.
Present the rationale of your proposed study and clearlyindicate why it is worth doing.
Briefly describe the major issues and sub-problems to beaddressed by your research.
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
75/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 75
Identify the key independent and dependent variables of your
experiment. Alternatively, specify the phenomenon you want tostudy.
State your hypothesis or theory, if any. For exploratory orphenomenological research, you may not have any hypotheses.(Please do not confuse the hypothesis with the statistical nullhypothesis.)
Set the delimitation or boundaries of your proposed research
in order to provide a clear focus.
Provide definitions ofkey concepts. (This is optional.)
Literature Review
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
76/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 76
Literature Review Ensures that you are not "reinventing the wheel".
Gives credits to those who have laid the groundwork for your research. Demonstrates your knowledge of the research problem.
Demonstrates your understanding of the theoretical and research issuesrelated to your research question.
Shows your ability to critically evaluate relevant literature information.
Indicates your ability to integrate and synthesize the existing literature.
Provides new theoretical insights or develops a new model as theconceptual framework for your research.
Convinces your reader that your proposed research will make asignificant and substantial contribution to the literature (i.e., resolving animportant theoretical issue or filling a major gap in the literature).
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
77/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 77
literature reviews suffer from the following problems: Lacking organization and structure
Lacking focus, unity and coherence
Being repetitive and verbose
Failing to cite influential papers Failing to keep up with recent developments
Failing to critically evaluate cited papers
Citing irrelevant or trivial references
Depending too much on secondary sources
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
78/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 78
Methods (Methodology):
The Method section is very important because it tellsyour Research Committee how you plan to tackleyour research problem
In short, what actions are you going to take in order toanswer the question? When will you know whetherthe hypothesis has been proven wrong, or hassurvived enough tests to be considered, for now,
valid? Those tests and the way you are supposed tohandle them to give rigor to your research is what isunderstood under methods.
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
79/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 79
Methods divide in qualitative (interviews, questionnaires) and quantitative(statistics, stuff that deals intensively with numbers)
For quantitative studies, the method section typically consists of the followingsections:
Design -Is it a questionnaire study or a laboratory experiment? What kind ofdesign do you choose?
Subjects or participants - Who will take part in your study ? What kind ofsampling procedure do you use?
Instruments - What kind of measuring instruments or questionnaires do youuse? Why do you choose them? Are they valid and reliable?
Procedure - How do you plan to carry out your study? What activities areinvolved? How long does it take?
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
80/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 80
Results:
Discussion: you also need to mention the
limitations and weaknesses of the proposed
research, which may be justified by time andfinancial constraints as well as by the early
developmental stage of your research area.
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
81/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 81
Common Mistakes in Proposal Writing
Failure to provide the proper context to frame the research question.
Failure to delimit the boundary conditions for your research.
Failure to cite landmark studies.
Failure to accurately present the theoretical and empirical contributions by otherresearchers.
Failure to stay focused on the research question. Failure to develop a coherent and persuasive argument for the proposed research.
Too much detail on minor issues, but not enough detail on major issues.
Too much rambling -- going "all over the map" without a clear sense of direction.(The best proposals move forward with ease and grace like a seamless river.)
Too many citation lapses and incorrect references
SYNOPSIS
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
82/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 82
SYNOPSIS
1. Statement of Problem
A. Introduction to subject B. Specific problem formulation
2. Objective of study
3. Scope of study
4. Research methodology a. Hypothesis Formulation
C. Data collection
D. Analysis and presentation of data
E. Limitation of study
5. Presentation of Study
6. Bibliography
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
83/84
Business Rreserach-
Nature & Scope
Prof. Parul Gupta 83
SUBMISSION OF ASSIGNMENT 1
CLASS ROOM PRESENTATIONS
DISCUSSION
7/29/2019 Usiness Research Nature Amp Scope
84/84