Post on 12-May-2018
Usability Heuristics for Touchscreen-based Mobile Devices
Usability Heuristics for Touchscreen-based Mobile DevicesRodolfo Inostroza Carvajal
Advisor:
Dr. Cristian Rusu.
Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal
Advisor:
Dr. Cristian Rusu.
Pontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoFacultad de Ingeniería
Escuela de Ingeniería Informática
Isabel Brown Caces – PUCV, Valparaíso, Chile
16-01-2012 Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal
Contents
• Introduction– Problem definition
• Research– Goals– Methodology
• Mobile devices• Usability• Usability in touchscreen-based mobile devices• Usability heuristics proposal• Conclusions• References
Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal16-01-2012
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal16-01-2012
Introduction
• Smartphones
PIM
Internet Connection
+ Apps
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Introduction
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*Morgan Stanley (2009)
Introduction
Energy Capabilities
Processing Capabilities
Screen Size Screen Resolution
Data Input/Output Methods
Conectivity
Context of Use
New Usability?
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*Zhang & Adipat (2005)
Introduction » Problem Definition
• Usability: Main attribute
– IS Quality (ISO 9126)
– IS Success (Deloan & McLean, 2003)
• Touchscreen-based Mobile Devices
– Smartphones very popular
– Large amount of functionalities
– The user interacts with the PUI.
Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal16-01-2012
RESEARCHRESEARCH
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Research » Goals
• General Goal
– To establish a set of usability evaluation heuristics for touchscreen-based mobile devices.
• Specific Goals
– To analyze the characteristics, taxonomy, and elements of touchscreen-based mobile devices.
– To analyze usability attributes, rules, principles and evaluation methods.
– To propose a set of usability evaluation heuristics for touchscreen-based mobile devices.
– To validate the proposed set of usability evaluation heuristics for touchscreen-based mobile devices, through the use of heuristic evaluations and usability tests.
Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal16-01-2012
Research » Methodology
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• Methodology Proposal
– “A methodology to establish usability heuristics”, C. Rusu, S. Roncagliolo, V. Rusu and C. Collazos, ACHI, pages 59–62, 2011
• Case study
MOBILE DEVICESMOBILE DEVICES
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Mobile Devices » Classification
• According to Schiefer y Decker (2008), whichconsiders the following criteria:1. Size and weight
2. Input modes
3. Output modes
4. Performance
5. Kind of usage
6. Communication capabilities
7. Type of operating system
8. Expandability
Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal16-01-2012
Mobile Devices » Classification
• Mobile Standard PC
• Mobile Internet Devices
• Handhelds/PDA
• Smartphones
• Feature Phones
• Simple Phones
• Special Terminals
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USABILITYUSABILITY
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Usability » ISO 9241
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• ISO defines usability as "The extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use."
Usability » Nielsen’s Usability Heuristics
Visibility of system status Minimize the user's memory load
Match between system and the real world Flexibility and efficiency of use
User control and freedom Aesthetic and minimalist design
Consistency and standardsHelp users recognize, diagnose, and
recover from errors
Error prevention Help and documentation
16-01-2012 Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal
*Jakob Nielsen (2005)
USABILITY IN TOUCHSCREEN-BASED
MOBILE DEVICES
USABILITY IN TOUCHSCREEN-BASED
MOBILE DEVICES
Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal16-01-2012
Usability in Touchscreen-based Mobile Devices
• Jakob Nielsen (1994)– «Usability Engineering»
• Ketola & Röykkee (2001)– User Interface Division
• 7 áreas
• Ham et al. (2009)– A framework for evaluating the usability of mobile
phones based on multi-level, hierarchical model ofusability factors.
• Zhang & Adipat (2005)– Challenges, Methodologies, and Issues in the Usability
Testing of Mobile Applications
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USABILITY HEURISTICS PROPOSALUSABILITY HEURISTICS PROPOSAL
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Proposal » First Iteration• Guided Inspection
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Nokia X6Samsung Galaxy S
Proposal » First Iteration
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• A set of 11 Heuristics was proposed
– Positive and negative aspects.
– Specialists consulting.
Proposal » First Iteration Validation
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• 2 Experiments
– Ecuador:
• 4 evaluators - similar experience.– 2 use Nielsen’s heuristics
– 2 use Proposed heuristics
– Chile:
• 6 evaluators – beginners with a more experienced leader.
– 3 use Nielsen’s heuristics
– 3 use Proposed heuristics
BlackberryStorm
Nokia N97
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Proposal » First Iteration Validation
57%
43%
Issues - 1st Experiment
Proposal (3,19)
Nielsen's (2,33)
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Proposal » First Iteration Validation
53%47%
Issues – 2nd Experiment
Proposal (2,35)
Nielsen's (1,62)
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Id Category Total Issues Severity Average
Experiment 1 2 1 2
P1Problems identified by both groups of evaluators
18 10 3,14 2,90
P2
Problems identified only by the group that used the set of heuristics defined at first iteration
21 27 3,00 2,93
P3
Problems identified only by the group that used Nielsen’s heuristics
14 23 2,68 2,39
Total 53 60
Proposal » First Iteration Validation
• Why?
SECOND (FINAL) ITERATIONSECOND (FINAL) ITERATION
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Proposal » Second Iteration
Touchscreen-based mobile devices heuristics
Id Definition
TMD1 Visibility of system status
TMD2 Match between system and the real world
TMD3 User control and freedom
TMD4 Consistency and standardsTMD5 Error preventionTMD6 Minimize the user's memory loadTMD7 Customization and shortcutsTMD8 Efficiency of use and performanceTMD9 Aesthetic and minimalist design
TMD10Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors
TMD11 Help and documentation
TMD12 Physical interaction and ergonomics
Proposal » Presentation
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TMD3
User control and freedom
• Allow undo & redo• "emergency exits"• Options should be easy to find• No long dialog sequences
Proposal » Presentation
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TMD4
Consistency and standards• Follow established conventions• The same in the same way• Standard and consistent
Proposal » Presentation
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TMD7
Customization and shortcuts
• The system should provide basic and advanced configuration options.
• The system should allow customizationand set shortcuts.
• The system should allow sorting and creation of groups of elements.
Proposal » Presentation
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TMD12
Physical interaction and ergonomics
• The system should provide physicalbuttons or similar for main and/orrecurrent functions.
• They should be placed in recognizableplaces, by the user.
• Device’s dimensions, shape, weight and position of buttons or similar should fitthe normal posture of the user’s hand.
PROPOSAL VALIDATIONPROPOSAL VALIDATION
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Proposal Validation
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32%
11%57%
Nielsen (1,75)
Both (0,47)
Proposal (2,67)
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKCONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK
Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal16-01-2012
Conclusions and Future Work
• A methodology for developing usability heuristics– Success!
• Physical aspects affect usability!• New techniques are required
– New set of heuristics (feedback new iteration?)– New usability testing techniques
• How to design «usable» interfaces?– Design patterns
• The development of a Checklist improved theProblem Detection.
16-01-2012 Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal
Questions?Questions?Thank you.
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Thank you.
info@randomstudio.com
Really…You can ask QuestionsReally…You can ask QuestionsThank you.
info@randomstudio.com
Thank you.
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REFERENCESREFERENCES
Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal16-01-2012
References
1. Morgan Stanley. The Mobile Internet Report. Disponible en: http://www.ms.com/techresearch, 2009.
2. Dongsong Zhang y Boonlit Adipat. Challenges, methodologies, and issues in the usability testing of mobile applications. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interaction, 18(3):293–308, 2005.
3. Jakob Nielsen. Usability Engineering. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, California, October 1994.
4. Pekka Ketola Mika and Mika Röykkee. The three facets of usability in mobile handsets. In Proceeding of CHI 2001, Workshop, Mobile Communications: Understanding Users, Adoption & Design Sunday and Monday. ACM, 2001.
5. Dong-Han Ham, Jeongyun Heo, Sanghyun Park, Chiwon Song, and WanChul Yoon. A framework for evaluating the usability of mobile phones based on multi-level, hierarchical model of usability factors. Interact. Comput., 21:263–275, August 2009.
Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal16-01-2012
References
6. A. Baz, I. Ferreira, M. Álvarez, and R. García. Dispositivos Móviles. Memoria de Título Profesional de Ingeniero de Telecomunicaciónes, Universidad de Oviedo., 2009.
7. Little Springs Design. A New Device Taxonomy. Disponible en: http://www.littlespringsdesign.com/blog/2006/May/a-new-device-taxonomy/, 2006.
8. Gunther Schiefer and Michael Decker. Taxonomy for mobile terminals - a selective classification scheme. In Joaquim Filipe, David A. Marca, Boris Shishkov, and Marten van Sinderen, editors, ICE-B, pages 255–258. INSTICC Press, 2008.
9. Global Stats - Statcounter. Disponible en: http://gs.statcounter.com, revisado el 19/04/2011.
10. Jakob Nielsen. Ten Usability Heuristics. Disponible en: http://www.useit.com/papers/heuristic/heuristic_list.html, 2005.
Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal16-01-2012