Post on 11-Jan-2016
U.S. History Core U.S. History Core 100, Goal 9100, Goal 9
Prosperity and Depression (1919-Prosperity and Depression (1919-1939) - The learner will appraise 1939) - The learner will appraise the economic, social, and political the economic, social, and political
changes of the decades of "The changes of the decades of "The Twenties" and "The Thirties." Twenties" and "The Thirties."
Warren G. Harding Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)(1921-1923)Legacy of ScandalsLegacy of ScandalsDies in OfficeDies in Office
Calvin Coolidge Calvin Coolidge (1923 – 1929)(1923 – 1929)Laissez-FaireLaissez-FaireRestore businessesRestore businesses
Herbert Hoover Herbert Hoover (1929 – 1933)(1929 – 1933)Stock Market Stock Market CrashCrashDepression Depression BeginsBegins
Rugged Rugged IndividualismIndividualismVolunteerismVolunteerism
Little gov’t interference in the Little gov’t interference in the economyeconomy
Coolidge believed in this for the Coolidge believed in this for the economy to be prosperouseconomy to be prosperous
Andrew Mellon (Secretary of Andrew Mellon (Secretary of Treasury)Treasury)
In the 1920s, Americans became In the 1920s, Americans became consumers…consumers…
CarsCars Home AppliancesHome Appliances RadiosRadios ElectricityElectricity
Linked products with Linked products with qualities associated qualities associated with the modern erawith the modern era, , such as progress, such as progress, convenience, leisure, convenience, leisure, success, and stylesuccess, and style
Preyed on consumers’ Preyed on consumers’ fears and anxietiesfears and anxieties
Advertising encouraged Advertising encouraged many Americans to many Americans to consumer more!!consumer more!!
Used WomenUsed Women Power of MoneyPower of Money
Farmers experienced an agri-Farmers experienced an agri-depression in the 1920s, depression in the 1920s, before the Great Depressionbefore the Great Depression
Efficiency increased…(more Efficiency increased…(more food = lower prices) and food = lower prices) and fewer workers neededfewer workers needed
Farmers made 1/3 the income Farmers made 1/3 the income of an industrial workerof an industrial worker
Overproduction b/c of new Overproduction b/c of new machinerymachinery More ProductionMore Production More DebtMore Debt
Credit:Credit: borrowing money borrowing money In the 1920s, credit became easier and more popular In the 1920s, credit became easier and more popular
among the American publicamong the American public Buying of Margin:Buying of Margin: Paying a small percentage Paying a small percentage
down and borrowing the rest in order to buy down and borrowing the rest in order to buy stocksstocks
SpeculationSpeculation: act of buying stocks at great risk : act of buying stocks at great risk with the anticipation that the price will risewith the anticipation that the price will rise Investors betted that the market would continue to Investors betted that the market would continue to
climb, enabling them to sell the stock and make climb, enabling them to sell the stock and make money quicklymoney quickly
One of the reasons for the Great DepressionOne of the reasons for the Great Depression
African American African American movement in the movement in the 1920s that promoted 1920s that promoted literature, drama, literature, drama, visual arts, and dancevisual arts, and dance
Started in the Harlem Started in the Harlem neighborhood of NYCneighborhood of NYC
Because of the Great Because of the Great MigrationMigration
Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey: Back to Africa : Back to Africa Movement, Black Nationalism, Movement, Black Nationalism, Universal Negro Improvement Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)Association (UNIA)
Zora Neale Hurston:Zora Neale Hurston: Author, Author, Their Their Eyes Were Watching GodEyes Were Watching God
Langston Hughes:Langston Hughes: Poet Poet Louis Armstrong:Louis Armstrong: Jazz musician Jazz musician
Religious movement in the 1920sReligious movement in the 1920s Common in Common in rural areasrural areas in the U.S. in the U.S. Beliefs:Beliefs:
Bible is literally trueBible is literally true with no errors with no errors Rejected Darwin’s theory of evolution; only Rejected Darwin’s theory of evolution; only
believed in creationismbelieved in creationism Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple
McPherson – popular preachers of McPherson – popular preachers of fundamentalismfundamentalism
Led some states to pass laws against the Led some states to pass laws against the teaching of evolutionteaching of evolution
1925: Tennessee outlawed teaching 1925: Tennessee outlawed teaching anything other than creationismanything other than creationism
John T. Scopes, high school biology John T. Scopes, high school biology teacher, arrested and put on trialteacher, arrested and put on trial
Found guilty and fined $100Found guilty and fined $100 Science vs. CreationScience vs. Creation
F. Scott Fitzgerald:F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great The Great GatsbyGatsby
Ernest Hemmingway:Ernest Hemmingway: The Old Man The Old Man and the Seaand the Sea (many others) (many others)
Sinclair LewisSinclair Lewis
The “Lost” Generation: American The “Lost” Generation: American authors who wrote in the 1920sauthors who wrote in the 1920s
Information and Information and entertainment available in entertainment available in most American householdsmost American households
Radio:Radio: 1920s = the Golden 1920s = the Golden Age of the RadioAge of the Radio
Motion Pictures:Motion Pictures: The first The first talking film = talking film = The Jazz The Jazz SingerSinger Actors: Charlie Chaplin, Actors: Charlie Chaplin,
Mary PickfordMary Pickford EntertainmentEntertainment
Charles Lindberg: American Hero Charles Lindberg: American Hero for flying solo across the Atlantic for flying solo across the Atlantic OcreanOcrean
SportsSports Babe Ruth (Baseball)Babe Ruth (Baseball) Ty Cobb (Baseball)Ty Cobb (Baseball) Jack Dempsey (Boxing)Jack Dempsey (Boxing)
The manufacturing and selling of The manufacturing and selling of alcohol is illegalalcohol is illegal Bootlegging (illegal manufacturing and Bootlegging (illegal manufacturing and
distribution of alcohol)distribution of alcohol) Speakeasy (illegal bars were one could Speakeasy (illegal bars were one could
buy alcohol)buy alcohol) Organized crime increasedOrganized crime increased Al Capone (Crime boss in Chicago)Al Capone (Crime boss in Chicago)
Women gained the right to vote with the passing of the 19Women gained the right to vote with the passing of the 19thth Amendment in 1920Amendment in 1920
The New Woman:The New Woman: Short hairShort hair Short skirtsShort skirts Short sleevesShort sleeves Rolled stockingsRolled stockings High heelsHigh heels Smoked and drank alcohol in publicSmoked and drank alcohol in public Wore makeupWore makeup
““Flapper:”Flapper:” young woman in the 1920s young woman in the 1920s
Margaret Sanger:Margaret Sanger: Birth Control; Planned Birth Control; PlannedParenthoodParenthood
Long Term:Long Term: Overproduction in Overproduction in
the 1920sthe 1920s Under consumptionUnder consumption Uneven distribution Uneven distribution
of wealthof wealth Low interest ratesLow interest rates Easy Credit; buying Easy Credit; buying
on marginon margin
Immediate:Immediate: High tariffs (Hawley-High tariffs (Hawley-
Smoot)Smoot) People and businesses People and businesses
are borrowing moneyare borrowing money People are laid off, People are laid off,
which leads to a which leads to a decrease in the demand decrease in the demand for goods, which then for goods, which then leads to more layoffsleads to more layoffs
Stock Market Crash: Stock Market Crash: Oct 29, 1929 (Black Oct 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday)Tuesday)
Rugged Individualism:Rugged Individualism: belief that all individuals belief that all individuals can succeed on their own can succeed on their own w/o the help of the fed w/o the help of the fed gov’tgov’t
VolunteerismVolunteerism Slow and not aggressive Slow and not aggressive
enoughenough Increased government Increased government
assistance, but not assistance, but not enoughenough
The New DealThe New Deal Three R’s:Three R’s:
ReliefRelief RecoveryRecovery ReformReform
Increased gov’t Increased gov’t involvement in involvement in economyeconomy
Fireside ChatsFireside Chats: FDR : FDR addressed the nation addressed the nation using the radiousing the radio
Deficit SpendingDeficit Spending
WPA:WPA: Works Progress Administration: Employed 8.5 million Works Progress Administration: Employed 8.5 million workers in construction and other jobs, but more importantly workers in construction and other jobs, but more importantly provided work in arts, theater, and literary projectsprovided work in arts, theater, and literary projects
TVA:TVA: Tennessee Valley Authority: Federal government built a Tennessee Valley Authority: Federal government built a series of dams to prevent flooding and sell electricityseries of dams to prevent flooding and sell electricity
AAA:AAA: Agricultural Adjustment Act: protected farmers from Agricultural Adjustment Act: protected farmers from price drops by providing crop subsidies to reduce productionprice drops by providing crop subsidies to reduce production
CCC:CCC: Civilian Conservation Corps: Sent 250,000 young men to Civilian Conservation Corps: Sent 250,000 young men to work camps to perform reforestation and conservation taskswork camps to perform reforestation and conservation tasks
Social Security:Social Security: Provided pensions, unemployment insurance, Provided pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to blind, deaf, disabled, and dependent childrenand aid to blind, deaf, disabled, and dependent children
FDIC:FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: insures peoples’ Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: insures peoples’ money in banks up to a certain amountmoney in banks up to a certain amount
SEC:SEC: Security and Exchange Commission: regulates stock Security and Exchange Commission: regulates stock market and restricts buying on marginmarket and restricts buying on margin
Wagner Act: NLRB:Wagner Act: NLRB: National Labor Relations Board: Legalized National Labor Relations Board: Legalized UnionsUnions
Dr. Townsend:Dr. Townsend: pushed for pensions pushed for pensions for people over 60 years oldfor people over 60 years old
Huey Long:Huey Long: attacked the wealthy attacked the wealthy Father Coughlin: Father Coughlin: wanted to tax the wanted to tax the
wealthywealthy