Post on 31-Dec-2015
Louisiana Purchase
• President Jefferson send James Monroe to negotiate with Napoleon to buy the Louisiana territory from France
• This doubles the size of the U.S. (territorial growth)
Westward expansion
• Describes the territorial growth of the United States during the first half of the 19th century
• the U.S. grows and gains land to the west– Louisiana Purchase– Northwest Ordinance– Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny
• “obviously meant to be” that God wanted Americans to move west
• Belief that Americans were supposed to move and expand west to the Pacific coast
Lewis and Clark expedition
• Jefferson gets Lewis and Clark to explore the Louisiana territory and report on what was there
• Jefferson sends them to be diplomatic with Native Americans and to record information about plants, animals and the land
War of 1812
• War between the U.S. and Great Britain over impressment and British alliance with Native Americans
• Significance: Increased nationalism and helped create national identity
National identity
• The nature of a country as a whole including language, culture, traditions and shared values
American System
• Plan to unify the regions and create a strong, stable economy
• Created infrastructure (transportation between regions)
Infrastructure
• Basic physical systems of a country or community.
• Examples: roads, other transportation, sewage, water
Erie Canal
• Canal that links the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean
• Led to the rise of New York City as most dominant port
Monroe Doctrine
• President Monroe warns European powers not to interfere in the western hemisphere so that they would not try to colonize Latin America
• Importance: Shows American nationalism and power and shapes foreign policy
Industrial Revolution
• Massive changes in the economy and society that resulted from the growth of the factory system
• Led to increased sectionalism between the North and the South, because the North becomes reliant on industry and the South more reliant on agriculture
Cotton gin
• Invented by Eli Whitney
• Machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers
• Makes South more dependant on cotton and slavery
Interchangeable parts
• Standardized parts that can be used in place of one another
• Makes mass production possible
• Eli Whitney makes these for muskets
Abolitionist Movement
• Movement to end slavery
• Many women participate in this movement and that contributes to women working for right to vote
Temperance Movement
• Movement to end the consumption of alcohol
• Believed alcohol was bad for society and ruining families
• Made up of mostly women
Women’s Suffrage
• Movement for the right to vote and equality for women
• Seneca Falls Convention was first women’s rights convention
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton led the Seneca Falls Convention, where the Declaration of Sentiments demanded equal rights for women
Public Education Movement
• Wanted access to education for all
• Poor needed education because they could now vote
• Led by Horace Mann
Reform movements of the early 1800s
• Organized efforts to change or fix society after the Industrial Revolution to address the changes and problems in America at that time
• Examples: abolitionism, temperance, public education, suffrage
Jacksonian Democracy
• Andrew Jackson’s supporters wanted common people to participate in the government
• Changed popular political culture – Jackson as the “common man”, spoke to the concerns of ordinary people.
• Politics not just for the elite anymore
Expanding Suffrage
• More people can vote
• Many states began to get rid of property requirements for voting
• This helps Jackson win the Election of 1828
American nationalism
• Nationalism – devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation
• develops during War of 1812
• Jackson was a national hero and encouraged nationalism over sectionalism during his presidency
Spoils System
• After he became president, Jackson replaced federal workers with his supporters and friends
Indian Removal Act of 1830
• President Jackson supports this bill that orders southern tribes to move off their lands to reservations west of the Mississippi River
• Includes the Trails of Tears
Bank War
• Jackson opposes the National Bank and vetoes a bill extending its’ charter
• The sudden end to the bank led to economic crisis (Panic of 1837)
Nullification
• When a state refuses to recognize a federal law because it considers it unconstitutional
• South Carolina, encouraged by John C. Calhoun, wants to nullify the Tariff of 1828, Jackson forces them to back down
• The belief in nullification is associated with the belief in states’ rights