NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

Napoleon

• Born in Corsica • Family was minor

nobility

Napoleon

• Age 9 started military training – 20 years old during

the Revolution– Favored Jacobins &

republican rule

Early Success

• Won victories against, Austria & captured parts of Northern Italy

• 1798: – Led an expedition to

Egypt looking to end British trade with India

• Campaign was a disaster but he hid stories from French admirers

Discontent in France

• 1798: (while in Egypt) – French government was threatened by

unrest – Allied powers seemed ready to invade

• Napoleon saw this as his opportunity to help his country

ROSETTA STONE

The Coronation of Emperor Napoleon & Empress Josephine

Emperor

• 1799: Coup d’etat– helped overthrow the

Directory & set up the Consulate

• 1804: named himself Emperor of France

France under Napoleon• Reforms – to restore economy Napoleon:

– Controlled prices, encouraged industry and built roads and canals.

• Made peace with the Catholic Church

Kept Church under state control but allowed religious freedom for Catholics

Recognized the peasants rights to land they bought from Church

• Made jobs open to “all talent”• Encouraged emigres to return (took an oath of

loyalty

Napoleonic Code

• Based on enlightenment thinking – Equality for all

citizens– Religious toleration

Building an Empire• Annexed areas to France

– Netherlands– Belgium– Parts of Italy & Germany

• Controlled most of Europe through diplomacy– Putting friends & relatives

on thrones in Europe • His brother Joseph took the

throne in Spain

Building an Empire

• Controlled lands from Spain to Russian border

• The beginning of the end was when he waged war against England & Russia at the same time

Conquests were Positive and Negative

• Would spread Revolutionary ideas to the lands he conquered

• Would also spread nationalism (people would revolt against him)

Defeat

• Britain, Prussia, Austria & Russia united to defeat him

• Russian Winter: – Napoleon was unprepared – Russians practiced a slash &

burn policy

ELBA

Exile

• 1814• Captured by Russians

– Exiled to the island of Elba

• 1815– February he escaped &

ruled France until he was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo

Exile

• Once again exiled to the island of St. Helena where he died

Where Napoleon stayed

Dying from stomach cancer

NAPOLEON’S TOMB

Life After Napoleon• Louis XVIII (Louis XVI’s brother) ruled

France

• Many of the rights people died for during the Revolution were taken away