Post on 18-Jan-2016
Unit 3More Crime and
Less Punishment
Which countries do you think are the safest in the world?
Which countries do you think are the most dangerous in the world?
In China Top Five cities with the highest crime rate
1 Guangzhou 2 Shenzhen 3 Chongqing4 Wuhan 5 Nanjing
Warm-up Question:
What are the causes of crime?
The gap between the rich and poor
The lack of moral controlThe lack of effective lawsThe bad influence of other cultu
resFamily structures
Do you think harsh punishment can deter crime?
Do we have enough prisons for ever-increasing criminals?
Who is going to pay for prison construction?
Are longer prison sentences too expensive?
Are they really effective?
More Crime and Less Punishment
Richard Moran
About the author
Richard Moran
Richard Moran is a criminologist and a leading expert on the insanity defense, capital punishment, and the history of the electric chair.
The author of numerous articles and reviews, Moran has also written articles for the Washington Post, Christian Science Monitor, New York Times, and Newsweek.
Structure of the text
Part I (para.1-3)
Part II (para. 4-9)
Part III (para. 10)
Introduction of the central idea: punishment does not reduce crime.Why punishment doesn't deter crime.
Conclusion: getting tough with criminals is not the answer to the crime problem.
Part I
You need to acquire the following expressions…
Get tough with Amount to Correctional supervisionLock awayThe more …, the more …
Afford to The other way around
get tough with 对…强硬When he started to argue, I got tough with him.
be tough on
The new mayor intends to be tough on crime.
tough luck: bad luck
Tough luck about your job! I hope you’ll find another one soon.
When the going gets tough, the tough get going.
To emphasize that when conditions become difficult, strong people take action.
Word study
lock away (lock up)
1. to put something in a place or container which is fastened with a lock
Take good care to lock away your jewelry before going away on holiday
2. to put someone in a prison, or a hospital for mentally ill people.
After murder, he was locked away for 50 yeas.
Word study
commit perform(a crime, foolish act etc.)
commit murder/suicide/an offence entrust; hand over to
commit a man to prison make oneself responsible; undertake
He has committed himself to support his brother’s children.
(often reflexive) bind oneselfI won’t commit myself to that course of action.
Word study
deter: discourage, hinder from
Failure did not deter him from trying again.
The university enforces severe punishment to deter cheating in exams.
Word study
illustrate explain by examples, pictures, etc.
The following examples illustrate our point. supply a book, article, lecture etc. with pictures, diagr
ams, etc.
The book was illustrated with color photographs.
This is a well-illustrated textbook.
illustration n.
Word study
be/go easy on sb/sth. to tell someone not to punish a person too severely
Go easy on these children and let them enjoy themselves.
to eat or use a small amount of somethingGo easy on the cake. There isn’t much left.
easier said than done easy come, easy go
Word study
measure Success isn’t measured by how much money
you have.Popularity is still measured in terms of winn
ing elections.Measured against the success of some of the
ir rivals, their performance looks poor.
Word study
so…as to… Are you so naïve as to imagine this is not taking p
lace elsewhere? Who could be so mean as to do a thing like that.
so as to Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
Word study
work out toThe total area works out to 25,000 square
miles.
the other way aroundYou would think that John would have
been the courageous one and Jane the timid one, but it was just the other way around.
Word study
convince and persuade
convince: make sb. believe that something is true He failed to convince the jury of his innocence.
persuade: make sb agree to do something by giving them reasons why they shouldNobody would persuade her to change her mind.
Word study
refuse and rejectrefuse is more positive, often implying decisiveness. decline means to refuse courteously.reject means a throwing away, a discarding, or abandoning of someone or something as unsatisfactory, defective, or useless.
The company _____ the entire shipment. I'll make him an offer he can't ____. We asked her to he reception, but she ___ the invitation.
Difficult sentences
While elite colleges and universities still have high standards of admissions, some of the most “exclusive” prisons now require about five prior serious crime before an inmate is accepted into their correctional program.
(Analogy) There is a similarity between prisons and universities
in their recruiting policy. You’ve got to be outstanding candidates to get into the best colleges and universities. Similarly, certain prisons for dangerous criminals only accept those who have committed five serious crimes before being convicted for the present one.
Difficult sentences
Yet when measured against the lower crime rates this would probably produce, longer prison sentences are not worth the cost to state and local governments.
If criminals were kept longer in prison crime rates would probably go down. But when we consider the money that state and local governments have to pay for this, longer prison sentences are not worthwhile.
Difficult sentences
While it is not possible to know the true amount of crime committed by people released from prison in any given year, we do know the extent to which those under parole are jailed again for major crime convictions.
Although we can’t possibly know exactly how many crimes are committed by released prisoners in a specific year, we do know how many of those people under parole are convicted again for serious crimes and put into jail again.
Difficult sentences
The first-year operating cost would be $ 150,000 per crime prevented, worth it if the victim were you or me, but much too expensive t o be feasible as a national policy.
$150,000 would be worth it if there were only one person’s life, such as yours or mine, to save, but such a policy would be much too expensive to carry out nationwide.
Operating cost: money you have to pay to put long prison sentences into practice.
Techniques of writing
Statistical InformationIn an argumentative piece of writing, statistical evidence is convincing.
Rhetorical QuestionsThese are questions that do not expect an answer but express a strong feeling, opinion or impression.Can we send them to prison?Can we execute more than 22,000 murderers?More examples:
Who was he to take stand against a custom?Do you see anything green in my eyes?
Techniques of writing
Selective Use of RepetitionRepetition is used for emphasis and expression of a strong feeling.More examples:Alone, alone, all, all alone.He is as vulgar as a hog, as awkward as an elephant, and as ugly as an ape.
AnalogyIt is the comparison of two unlike things for the purpose of illustration. The comparison is possible because the two things have something in common.
Techniques of writing
AnalogyIt is the comparison of two unlike things for the purpose of illustration. The comparison is possible because the two things have something in common.
Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers.
The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.
After class reading
Please read a report from National Center for Policy Analysis (NCPA) and pay attention to the the views towards crime and punishment.
Crime and Punishment in America: 1998