Unit 2.4Leadership and Management

IntroductionLeadership

art of influenceManagement

science of reason◦Senior Management◦Middle Management◦Junior/Supervisory Management

Nature of LeadershipOfficial Leader

given formal authority over others

Informal Leadernatural way of influencing people

Nature of ManagementHenri Fayol

Traditional Functions of Managers◦ Planning◦ Organizing◦ Commanding◦ Coordinating◦ Controlling

Henry Mintzberg Roles of Managers◦ Interpersonal Role◦ Informational Role◦ Decision-Making

RoleTasks of

Managers◦ Routine Tasks◦ Planning Tasks◦ Communication

Tasks

Management vs. LeadershipNot all leaders are managers.Not all managers are effective

leaders.Effective managers are also

effective leaders.Effective management and

leadership leads to a motivated and more productive workforce.

Leadership StylesAutocraticPaternalisticDemocraticLaissez-fiar

Autocratic LeadershipManager makes all decisionsMinimal delegation of

responsibilityIdeal when critical decisions must

be made or with an unskilled workforce.

Top-down communication limits valuable feedback and leads to employee resentment.

Paternalistic LeadershipVery similar to autocratic

leadership.Difference is that the leader

demonstrates a sense of caring for subordinates.

Yet minimal responsibility is delegated and leader still makes all decisions.

Democratic LeadershipLeader discusses and involves

employees in decision making.Improves moral and motivation

of employees.Ideal when the leader cannot

always be present for decisions to be made.

Delays decision making and difficult with a large workforce.

Laissez-fairIntentional lack of involvement by the

leader.Subordinates given responsibility to

best decide how to meet the objectives set forth by the leader.

High levels of staff motivation.Ideal for skilled workers, especially in

jobs that require creativity.Encourages slack and makes

organization wide decision making very time consuming.

Situational LeadershipNo single approach to leadership.Leaders adapt their style to best

fit the situation.Factors affecting leadership style:

◦Culture◦Leader◦Organization◦Task◦Subordinates