Post on 27-Mar-2015
Ubiquitous Sensor Network TechnologyUbiquitous Sensor
Network Technology
Prof. Ki-Hyung KimKkim86@ajou.ac.kr
Ajou University, Korea
2
Contents
Standardization of Wireless Sensor Networks IETF, SP100, WirelessHART, ZigBee, IEEE
802
Overview IP-USN Research and Development
3
Internet
L2N
L2N
TrueMesh
Wireless HART
ISA SP100.11a
Xmesh
Znet
MintRoute
MultiHop LQI
CENS Route
Smartmesh
TinyAODV
Honeywell
Overview of Wireless Sensor Network Technologies
IEEE 802.15IEEE 802.15
5
IEEE 802.15 Task Group
TG 1 TG 2 TG 3 TG 4 TG 5
TG 3a
802.15 WG for WPAN
Secretary
Publicity Committee Task Groups Study Groups
TG 3c
TG 4bTG 3b
TG 4d
TG 4c
TG6SC wng
finish
Withdrawn
TG 4a
< 2008.02 >
TG4e
StandingCommittee
Working TG
6
IEEE 802 WG15 Overview
IEEE 802.15 15th working group of the IEEE 802 which specializes in
Wireless PAN (Personal Area Network) standards TG1 : Bluetooth based WPAN (finished) TG2 : Coexistence of WLAN and WPAN (finished) TG3 : High Rate WPAN (finished) TG3a : TG3 based Alternative PHY (withdraw) TG3b : TG3 based MAC Amendment (finished) TG3c : TG3 based Millimeter Wave Alternative PHY (in progress) TG4 : Low rate WPAN (finished) TG4a : TG4 Alternative PHY (finished) TG4b : TG4 based Revision (finished) TG4c : TG4 based Chinese amendment PHY (in progress) TG4d : TG4 based Japan amendment PHY (in progress) TG5 : TG3 & TG4 based Mesh networking (in progress) TG6 : Body Area Network (in progress)
ZigBeeZigBee
8
Zigbee Organization
9
Present Status of ZigBee Alliance
Specification : ZigBee Pro (2007) Balloted Specification PRO Features
• Features removed from ZigBee-2006 in PRO– CSKIP address assignment– Tree routing (table routing remains)
• Features added to PRO– Mesh network routing – Stochastic address assignment/address conflict resolution– Many to one routing/Source routing– Multicast– Frequency Agility– Fragmentation/Re-assembly– Link Status/Symmetric routes
10
Present Status of ZigBee Alliance ZigBee Network Topologies and Routing
Cluster tree networks provide for a beaconing multi-hop network
Mesh network routing permits path formation from any source device to any destination device via a path formed by routing packets through neighbors
ZigBee Routing employs both Mesh Routing and Cluster Tree Routing
• Routing by default will employ mesh and can fall back to cluster tree if a route error is generated on the packet
11
Advantages of IP-based Sensor Networks
상호운용성 (Interoperability)인터넷상의 다른 디바이스 (WiFi, Ethernet, WiBro, Wireless
Mesh, HSDPA 등으로 연결가능 ) 이미 검증된 보안 (Security) 기술
인증 (Authentication), 접근제어 (access control), and 방화벽 (firewall)
Network design 이미 검증된 응용계층 모델 및 서비스 (Established Application
model and service 소켓 API 기반의 센서 개발 DNS, SLP
통합 네트워크 관리기술 (Integrated Network Management) Ping, Traceroute, SNMP 등
전달계층 프로토콜 (Transport Protocols) End-to-End Reliable streaming
12
6lowpan Node Architecture
Sensor Node HardwareSensor Node Hardware
IEEE 802.15.4 (a,b)IEEE 802.15.4 (a,b)
Fragmentation
/Reassembly
Adaptation Layer
Commissioning &
Bootstrapping
Mesh Routing
IPIP ICMPICMP
TCP/UDPTCP/UDP
Socket-lite APISocket-lite API
SNMP MngmtSNMP Mngmt Service Naming & Discovery
Service Naming & Discovery Sensor AppSensor App
ND Optimizatio
n
Standardization Activities in IETFStandardization
Activities in IETF
14
6lowpan Node Architecture
Sensor Node HardwareSensor Node Hardware
IEEE 802.15.4 (a,b)IEEE 802.15.4 (a,b)
Fragmentation
/Reassembly
Adaptation Layer
Commissioning &
Bootstrapping
Mesh Routing
IPIP ICMPICMP
TCP/UDPTCP/UDP
Socket-lite APISocket-lite API
SNMP MngmtSNMP Mngmt Service Naming & Discovery
Service Naming & Discovery Sensor AppSensor App
ND Optimizatio
n
15
6lowpan Standardization Activities Rechartering Stage
1. Produce "6LoWPAN Bootstrapping and 6LoWPAN IPv6 ND Optimizations“ to define limited extensions to IPv6 Neighbor Discovery [RFC4861] for use
specifically in low-power networks. This document (or documents) will define how to bootstrap a 6LoWPAN network and explore ND optimizations such as reusing the structure of the 802.15.4 network (e.g., by using the coordinators), and reduce the need for multicast by having devices talk to coordinators (without creating a single point-of-failure, or changing the semantics of the IPv6 ND multicasts).
This document or documents will be a proposed standard.
2. Produce "Problem Statement for Stateful Header Compression in 6LoWPANs" to document the problem of using stateful header compression (2507, ROHC) in
6LoWPANs. Currently 6LoWPAN only specifies the use of stateless header compression given the assumption that stateful header compression may be too complex. This document will determine if the assumption is correct and describe where the problems are.
This document will be informational.
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3. Produce "6LoWPAN Architecture" to describe the design and implementation of 6LoWPAN networks. This document
will cover the concepts of "Mesh Under" and "Route Over", 802.15.4 design issues such as operation with sleeping nodes, network components (both battery-and line-powered), addressing, and IPv4/IPv6 network connections. As a spin-off from that document, “
6LoWPAN Routing Requirements" will describe 6LoWPAN-specific requirements on routing protocols used in 6LoWPANs, addressing both the "route-over" and "mesh-under" approach.
Both documents will be informational.
4. Produce "Use Cases for 6LoWPAN" to define, for a small set of applications with sufficiently unique requirements, how
6LoWPANs can solve those requirements, and which protocols and configuration variants can be used for these scenarios. The use cases will cover protocols for transport, application layer, discovery, configuration and commissioning.
This document will be informational.
6lowpan Standardization Activities
17
5. Produce "6LoWPAN Security Analysis" to define the threat model of 6LoWPANs, to document suitability of existing key
management schemes and to discuss bootstrapping/installation/commissioning/setup issues. This document will be referenced from the "security considerations" of the other 6LoWPAN documents.
This document will be informational.
6lowpan Standardization Activities
IETF RL2N BOFIETF RL2N BOF
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RL2N WG Charter: Overview Work Items
1. Produce use cases documents for Industrial, Connected Home, Building and urban application networks.• Describe the use case and the associated routing protocol
requirements. • The documents will progress in collaboration with the
6lowpan Working Group (INT area).
2. Survey the applicability of existing protocols to L2Ns: analyze the scaling and characteristics of existing protocols and identify whether or not they meet the routing requirements of the L2Ns applications. • Existing IGPs, MANET, NEMO, DTN routing protocols will be
part of evaluation.
20
RL2N WG Charter: Overview Work Items (2)
3. Specification of routing metrics used in path calculation. • This includes static and dynamic link/nodes attributes
required for routing in L2Ns.
4. Provide an architectural framework for routing and path selection at Layer 3 (Routing for L2N Architecture)
• Decide whether the L2Ns routing protocol require a distributed, centralized path computation models or both.
• Decide whether the L2N routing protocol requires a hierarchical routing approach.
5. Produce a security framework for routing in L2Ns.
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Interaction with other WGs
6lowpan: working on L2Ns over 802.15.4
MANET: we may be end up using some (adapted) MANET protocols if the WG think that they satisfy the requirements
Other industry forums and SDOs. Zigbee, ITU, Bluetooth,
Wireless HARTWireless HART
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Industrial Automation Background Very important functionality
60 million installed process control sensors 4 million shipping per year ~50% are “smart” today – wired networks
HART Most popular wired sensor network protocol HART 1: 1,200 baud digital comm over 4-20mA loops Wireless HART
• Ratified as a part of HART7 September 2007• 802.15.4 based• Announced vendors: ABB, Emerson, Siemens, …• Multi-hop Mesh networking
SP100 wireless Draft standard in 2008 Adopted 6LoWPAN, but defining own routing, transport
Wireless HART and SP100 are a hybrid of circuit and packet switched IEEE 802.15.4E WG created to standardize
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Examples of Data flows
1. Low frequency data collection 1/s to 1/hour; typically < 1/min Latency comparable to sample interval Typically <50B Some time series >10kB
2. Alarms <50B
3. Log file upload 1/day, 1/year 10kB ..1MB
4. Human diagnostic query/response Mean latency important
5. Feedback control Max latency important Latency from minutes to <1ms (infeasible w/ 15.4 radios)
Often all of these will be operating in different parts of the network
ISA SP100.11aISA SP100.11a
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Intro to ISA100
ISA100 – Wireless Systems for Industrial Automation and Process Control
ISA100.11a - Wireless sensor and controls network - Utilizing 802.15.4 - DLL provides mesh network using hybrid CSMA and TDMA - Using 6LoWPAN/IPv6/UDPv6 and TFTP - Backbone router inter-connects DLL subnets
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ISA100.11 reference model
DLL subnet
DLL subnet
DLL subnetDLL subnet
Backbone Router
SystemManager
Gateway(ALG)
Plant Network
Plant Network
SecurityManager
DLL subnet
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Routing to a Gateway on Backbone
The SP100.11a network is a single link. Link local addresses can be
used to reach any mote.
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Multi-floor building example with single DLL subnet
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Packet flow to the gateway with IPv6
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BackboneRouter
PlantNetwork
DLL subnet
SecurityManager
SystemManager
G/W
BackboneRouter 2
BackboneRouter 1
TransitNetwork
ISA100.11a Network
B BBinding update
AA
Binding update
NS
(A)
mult
icast
NS(A) unicast
NA
(A)
: B
R1
’s M
AC
@
NA(A): BR2’s MAC @
A via BR1
A via BR2
IP-USN Research and Development in KoreaIP-USN Research and
Development in Korea
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Major Characteristics of IP-USN
High Interoperability Seamless Connectivity to Internet (IPv4/v6 support) WiFi, Wireless Mesh, Ethernet, IEEE 802.15.4, RIP, OSPF
High Reliability Automatic Faulty Router Detection and Network Recovery MAC-assisted End-to-End Transport Protocol (mTCP) Automatic State Restoration after Reboot Multi-Router Support
High Scalability Multi-Router Interworking Scalable Tree-based Routing Protocol (HiLow) Mesh Routing Protocol
Easy Configuration Automatic Neighbor Discovery IPv6 Autoconfiguration Plug & Sensing Capability
Management SNMP-based Management, ping Web-based Monitoring and Management
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High Interoperability
Seamless Connectivity to Internet (IPv6/v4) Support various interfaces
• WIFI, Ethernet, Wireless Mesh, IEEE 802.15.4
Support Internet standard routing protocol• RIP, OSPF
Interoperability test with KOREN
대구대구
광주광주
대전대전
수원수원
서울서울
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
2001:2b8:f2:2::3
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
2001:2b8:f2:2::3
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
2001:2b8:f2:2::3
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
2001:2b8:f2:2::3
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
2001:2b8:f2:2::3
2001:2b8:f2:2::4
DWDM/OADM
ATM Switch
Router
Gigabit Switch
35Gbps2.5Gbps155Mbps
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High Reliability
Multi-Router Interworking Automatic Fault Detection and Network Recovery of 6lowpan
routers and 6lowpan nodes
36
Bootstrapping and Commissioning Protocol with Multiple Routers
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Sensor node list on the console of multiple routers
Bootstrapping and Commissioning Protocol with Multiple Routers
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High Reliability (2)
MAC-assisted End-to-End Transport Protocol (mTCP) Reduce redundant re-transmission with MAC support
Server
6lowpan
Internet
39
High Scalability (1)
Large scale sensor network design Wireless Subnet
Wireless Subnet B
Wireless Subnet D
Wireless Subnet C
Wireless Subnet A
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High Scalability (2)
Scalable Tree-based routing protocol (HiLow) No routing table required Simple Implementation Robust 1-hop tree restructuring to link failures Short-cut routing support
41
Easy Configuration
DHCP support
Automatic neighbor discovery (IPv6 address autoconfiguration, short address assignment, Application profile)
Plug and Sense (PnS) Support Main technology in Web-based Sensor Service Portal Zero-Configuration to connect to the Internet and my
Server• Plug and Sense support in especially DHCP environment• User Permission Management
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IP-USN Network Management System
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SNMP based Network Management
Internet
Router
Manager
SNMP lite
SNMP
SNMP-Lite AgentMIB
6lowpan
• 6LoWPAN Management– Network Monitoring
• Network Status Monitoring• PAN ID, Channel• Network Size (Number of Nodes, IPv6
Prefix information)– Topology Monitoring
• Network Topology Monitoring• Neighbor Table Information • Routing Table Information
– Sensor Node Management• Node Information• 16bit, 64bit, IPv6 Address • Device type, Sensor type, H/W version• S/W profile, OS, MAC/PHY, Adaptation
version• Battery status
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Web-based Sensor Network Management
Management Configuration Management
• Topology Management• Device Management• Topology Registration• Device Registration
Fault Management Security Management
• User Management*• Permission Management*
Power Management** Performance Management* Accounting Management**
45
Web-based Sensor Network Monitoring
Sensor Data Monitoring Realtime Data Monitoring History Data Monitoring General Log Alarm Log
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IP-USN MIB (1/3)
File Variable Description
lowPan
lowpanPanId 센서노드가 속한 PAN 의 번호
lowpanChannel 센서 노드가 사용하는 채널
lowpanRoutingAlgorithm 현재 사용중인 라우팅 알고리즘
lowpanCompression 패킷 압축 여부
lowpanSupportExtended EUI64 주소를 이용한 라우팅 가능여부
LowPan Module
LowPanRoutingTable Module
File Variable Description
lowPanRoutingTable
lowpanRouteEUI64Address 라우팅 엔트리를 소유한 센서 노드의 EIU64 주소
lowpanRouteID 라우팅테이블에서 해당 Entry 의 순차 번호
lowpanRouteDestAddress 최종 목적지주소
lowpanRouteNextHopAddress 최종 목적지를 위한 다음 목적지주소
page 46
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IP-USN MIB (2/3)
File Variable Description
lowPanNodeInfoTable
lowpanNodeEUI64Address 노드의 EUI64 주소
lowpanNodeAssociationPermit
센서노드가 티 노드의 Association 을 받아 들일수 있는지에대한 값
lowpanNodeMaxChildren 최대로 가질수 있는 자식 노드의 수
lowpanNodeBeaconOrder 비콘 오더
lowpanNodeSuperframeOrder 슈퍼 프레임 오더
lowpanNodeBattery 배터리 상태 ( 현재는 0x64 고정 )
lowpanNodeHwVersion 하드웨어 버전
lowpanNodeOsVersion 소프트웨어 버전
lowpanNodeRtEntryCount 센서노드가 가질수 있는 최대 라우팅 엔트리의 수
lowpanNodeNtEntryCount 센서노드가 가질수 있는 최대 네이버 엔트리의 수
lowpanNodeMaxHopCount 패킷의 TTL 범위
lowpanNodeRole 노드의 타입 (0: 코디네이터 1: 라우터노드 2 : 브릿지 노드 )
lowpanNodeIp6Addr 노드에 할당된 IPV6 주소
lowpanNodeShortAddress 노드에 할당된 ShortAddress
lowpanNodeAlive 노드에 Alive 상태
LowPanNodeInfo Table Module
page 47
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IP-USN MIB (3/3)
File Variable Description
lowPanNeighborTable
lowpanNeighborEUI64Address 네이버 엔트리를 소유한 센서 노드의 EIU64 주소
lowpanNeighborPanID 네이버의 PAN ID
lowpanNeighborNEUI64Address 네이버의 EUI64 주소
lowpanNeighborShortAddress 네이버의 ShortAddress
lowpanNeighborDeviceType 네이버의 Device Type
lowpanNeighborPermitJoin 네이버의 PermitJoin
lowpanNeighborLogicalChannel 네이버의 Logical 채널
lowpanNeighborValidated 네이버 Validated
LowPanNodeInfo Table Module
page 48
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Management with Commercial SNMP NMS System
page 49
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Web-based USN Management & Monitoring
page 50
51 51
Design of IP-USN Router/Node
52
6lowpan Node Architecture
SNMP Mngmt Service Naming Sensor APP
TCP / UDP
ICMP
Adaptation Layer
IP
Socket-lite-API
IEEE 802.15.4(a,b)
Sensor Node Hardware
Fragmentation / Reassembly
Commissioning & Bootstrapping
ND Optimization Mesh Routing
53
6lowpan Router Architecture
IPv4 & IPv6 Dual
LoWPANMAC / PHY
Internet IP-USN
Adaptation
내부압축
NDProxy GAR MA
외부압축
SSLP TA
54 54
Specification of IP-USN Router
HW Spec SW Spec
Main Core AT91SAM9260, 180MHz /32bit IP-USN Sensor Node Device Driver
Memory 16MB Serial Data Flash / 64MB SDRAM WiBro Device Driver
Ethernet Port 10/100Base-T 1 Port WiBro Connection Manager
WiBro ModuleWiBro Module, USB TypeUSIM Card Slot
WiFi Device Driver
WiFi Module 802.11 b/g, USB Type USB Host Device Driver
Console RS-232 1 Port
Debug Serial Port
RS-232 1 Port, Internal
Power 5VDC Input
BatteryNiMH 2200mAh Battery Pack
Low Battery detection circuit
기타 Atmel Internal Watch Dog
Dimensions 167(W)X140(L)X35.5 (T) (mm)
55
WiBro Specification
WiBro Specification
StandardsIEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX / WiBro support
IEEE 802.16-2004 & IEEE 802.16e-2005
PHY IOT Profiles TDD, 8.75Mhz BandWith, OFDMA
MIMO(2X1)MISO( 2 Receiver and single Transmitter) and H-ARQ
RX Diversity Support for Mobile WiMAX / WiBro
Frequency 2.3GHz ~ 2.4 GHz
Max. ThroughputDownlink : 10 Mbps (max)
Uplink : 4 Mbps (max)
Host Interface
Interface USB2.0 High Speed or 4-Bit mode SDIO Interface
Connector Board to Board 60Pin connector
page 55
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Outlook of IP-USN Router
page 56
57
Block Diagram of IP-USN Router
page 57
58
WiBro 다이어그램
page 58
59
PCB Layout of IP-Router
WiFi Block
MPU Block
IP-USN Block
Ethernet Block
WiBro Module Block
WiBro UISM Slot
page 59
60
Service discovery with SLP(Service Location Protocol)
61
SLP-based Service discovery
Perv
asiv
en
es
s
Time
Static Discovery Service- X.500, LDAP
Discovery in LAN- JINI, UPnP, SLP, Salutation
Discovery in Large-scale network- Structured Architecture (e.g. DHT)
Context-aware Discovery- Context-based ranking
Semantic Discovery- Semantic representation & Matching
Discovery in ad-hoc Network- Mobility, Minimizing cost
page 61
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Contents
Standardization of Wireless Sensor Networks IETF, SP100, WirelessHART, ZigBee, IEEE
802
Overview IP-USN Research and Development