Post on 03-Jun-2018
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OFF THE ROAD (OTR) TIRE
OUT-OF-SERVICE CRITERIA
Dean Nichols
nichols.dean@dol.gov
304-547-2308
Jim Angel
angel.james@dol.gov
304-547-2064
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DISCLAIMER
• The information and recommendations contained in this presentation areto be considered for illustrative and general information purposes inrecognizing and evaluating common off road tire out of service criteriaonly and should not be relied upon as being a comprehensive treatmenton the subject. This presentation does not attempt to assess all of thefacts and circumstances in evaluating off road tire out of service criteria,and inspectors must consider and evaluate all factors when making a
determination whether a tire defect rises to the level of a hazard that wouldresult in a finding that a violation exists at a mine.
• The inspector should not cite to the manufacturer’s specs as reason forthe citation.
• The citation should rely on facts as seen by the inspector. The off road tireout of service criteria in the presentation cannot be referred to in anycitation and any enforcement actions cannot be initiated by inspectors
regarding tire safety based solely on this presentation.• This material should be used for training purposes only. It is not acompliance guide, but rather a collection of good practices from MSHA,NIOSH, and private sector sources
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Running Tires to Destruction is Not
Recommended
• Its not a safe practice
– Potential for loss of control of the vehicle
– Potential for debris to injure personnel if
tire ruptures
• Tires with a damaged structuralcomponent (are) can create a safety
hazard
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Identifying the Structural
Components of a Tire
• The tire manufacturer, or their authorizedrepresentative, should be consulted sincetires have different designs
• Inspection of defects, such as determining
the depth of cuts, on a pressurized tire cancreate a safety hazard- safely deflate the tirebefore inspection
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Identifying the Structural
Components of a Tire• Typically, tires have one structural belt
in the sidewall area with a non-
structural turn up of the belt in the beadarea
– Tires with exposed turn up wires shouldbe scheduled for inspection and, if
necessary, maintenance
– Tires with exposed sidewall structural beltwires should be removed from service
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RADIAL TIRETread
Shoulder
Sidewall
Air
Chamber
Bead
Bundle
Chafer
Turn Up
Ply
Belts
From SAE J2611 Draft
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Identify the Structural
Components of a Tire
• Damaged rims can damage tires – Rims with minor damage should be scheduled for
maintenance, cracked rims or damaged lock rings
should be immediately removed from service
• Wheel driver keys are not considered
structural components – Missing keys can allow the rim to slip, wear the o-
ring, and cause the loss of air pressure, missing
keys should be scheduled for maintenance
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Driver Key
Insert
Damaged rim
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Maintenance Training
• Tire maintenance schedules and tire out-of-service criteria should be developed
• Equipment operators should visually inspecttires during the pre-shift inspection and betrained to recognize hazardous tire defects
• Maintenance personnel should be trained tosafely and properly inspect and repair tires
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• Society of Automotive Engineers:
Off Road Tire Condit ions Removal Guidelines-
Draft
• Draft available for review, comments requested
• Note- this document does not affect Agencypolicy
Maintenance Training
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Typical Defects
Bulge : An area of separation packed with rubber that has migratedfrom an adjoining area of the separation.
Blister : A localized bubble on the surface of a tire.
Chipping : Flaking or tearing away small bits of tread rubber.
Chunking : Tearing or breaking away pieces of tread rubber.
Cracks : Splits or narrow breaks in rubber compounds not
caused by a foreign object. Also known as a split.
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Typical Defects
Puncture : Any penetration of a tire’s air chamber by a foreign
object resulting in loss of air.
Separation : The parting of de-bonding of any adjacent
parts of the tire (ply to ply, ply to rubber, etc.
Exposed Cord : Belt/Breaker, ply (usually nylon or steel) or
other reinforcement and steel chafer/bead area reinforcementthat can be seen. Excludes fabric (usually nylon) chafer.
Cut : Damage made by sharp or jagged objects (e.g. rocks, rock
fragments). Also known as a snag.
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Safety References
Tire Safety is Just One Part of a
Mine Haulage SystemSafety Program
MSHA’s Tire and Rim
Safety Awareness Program http://www.msha.gov/S&HINFO/IG60.PDF
MSHA’s Haul Road Inspection Handbookhttp://www.msha.gov/READROOM/HANDBOOK/PH99-I-4.pdf
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Safety References
• Truck Driver’s Safe Operating
Procedures -http://www.msha.gov/S&HINFO/SAFETY/HCARD/TRUCKSAF.H
TM
• 100-TON OR GREATER TRUCK
PREOPERATION INSPECTION -http://www.msha.gov/S&HINFO/SAFETY/HCARD/100
Tmore.HTM
• Design of Surface Mine Haulage Roads
– A Manual, IC 8758 – http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/pubs/pdfs/ic8758.pdf
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Safety References
• Tire manufacturers, tire industry
organizations, and machine
manufacture’s tire safety and
maintenance information
• Many available sources- the following
are provided as examples, no MSHA
endorsement or determination ofsuitability is implied
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Safety References
• Tire Industry Association- OTR Tire
Mount/Demount Training &
Certificate Program-http://www.tireindustry.org/shop/shop200.asp
• Tire Retread Information Bureau-http://www.retread.org/
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Safety References
• Goodyear-http://www.goodyearotr.com/pdf/otrdatabook2004.pdf,
Reference Goodyear’s “Cause and Prevention of
Typical Earthmover Tire Failures”
• Michelin-http://earthmover.webmichelin.com/na_eng/ProductI
nfo/ProductInfo.Html,
http://earthmover.webmichelin.com/na_eng/News/10
6.html
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Safety References
• Bridgestone - http://www.bfor.com/tire_management/index.asp
Also see Bridgestone’s Tire Damage
Checklist and Tire Management
Software
• Continental- http://www.conti-online.com/generator/www/us/en/continental/otr/themes/tech_d
nloads/downloads_en.html
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Safety References
• Yokohama-http://www.yokohamatire.com/otr_tire_construction.asp
• Rimex- Safety information and
TyreSense- http://www.rimex.com/custom/safety.html,http://www.rimex.com/custom/defuzervalve.html,
http://www.rimex.com/custom/tyresense.html
• Fuller Brothers, Inc.- Tire Analysis
System- http://www.fullerbros.com/products/TAS.htm
• Arnco- Tire Flatproofing-http://www.arnconet.com/flatproofing.htm
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Safety References
• Ten Do's and Don'ts of Tire
Management Basic maintenance and
care contributes to maximum tire
performance, tire life, and operatorsafety. http://www.aggman.com/articles/jun04e.htm
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Safety References
• Tire Incentive Program Provides
Savings for Phelps Dodge and
Scholarships to Local Youth-http://www.phelpsdodge.com/PhelpsDodge/Templates/In
nerPageSimpleNav.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORI
GINALURL=%2fCommunity-
Environment%2fCommunityRelations%2fEmployeeInvol
vement%2fCaseStudies%2ehtm&NRNODEGUID=%7b14E6B5F5-766F-4DCB-95E9-
D1140D2C2166%7d&NRCACHEHINT=Guest#tireincenti
ve