Tire Inspection Guide

8/12/2019 Tire Inspection Guide

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OFF THE ROAD (OTR) TIRE

OUT-OF-SERVICE CRITERIA

Dean Nichols

[email protected]

304-547-2308

Jim Angel

[email protected]

304-547-2064



DISCLAIMER

• The information and recommendations contained in this presentation areto be considered for illustrative and general information purposes inrecognizing and evaluating common off road tire out of service criteriaonly and should not be relied upon as being a comprehensive treatmenton the subject. This presentation does not attempt to assess all of thefacts and circumstances in evaluating off road tire out of service criteria,and inspectors must consider and evaluate all factors when making a

determination whether a tire defect rises to the level of a hazard that wouldresult in a finding that a violation exists at a mine.

• The inspector should not cite to the manufacturer’s specs as reason forthe citation.

• The citation should rely on facts as seen by the inspector. The off road tireout of service criteria in the presentation cannot be referred to in anycitation and any enforcement actions cannot be initiated by inspectors

regarding tire safety based solely on this presentation.• This material should be used for training purposes only. It is not acompliance guide, but rather a collection of good practices from MSHA,NIOSH, and private sector sources



Running Tires to Destruction is Not

Recommended

• Its not a safe practice

– Potential for loss of control of the vehicle

– Potential for debris to injure personnel if

tire ruptures

• Tires with a damaged structuralcomponent (are) can create a safety

hazard



Identifying the Structural

Components of a Tire

• The tire manufacturer, or their authorizedrepresentative, should be consulted sincetires have different designs

• Inspection of defects, such as determining

the depth of cuts, on a pressurized tire cancreate a safety hazard- safely deflate the tirebefore inspection



Identifying the Structural

Components of a Tire• Typically, tires have one structural belt

in the sidewall area with a non-

structural turn up of the belt in the beadarea

– Tires with exposed turn up wires shouldbe scheduled for inspection and, if

necessary, maintenance

– Tires with exposed sidewall structural beltwires should be removed from service



RADIAL TIRETread

Shoulder

Sidewall

Air

Chamber

Bead

Bundle

Chafer

Turn Up

Ply

Belts

From SAE J2611 Draft



Identify the Structural

Components of a Tire

• Damaged rims can damage tires – Rims with minor damage should be scheduled for

maintenance, cracked rims or damaged lock rings

should be immediately removed from service

• Wheel driver keys are not considered

structural components – Missing keys can allow the rim to slip, wear the o-

ring, and cause the loss of air pressure, missing

keys should be scheduled for maintenance



Driver Key

Insert

Damaged rim



Maintenance Training

• Tire maintenance schedules and tire out-of-service criteria should be developed

• Equipment operators should visually inspecttires during the pre-shift inspection and betrained to recognize hazardous tire defects

• Maintenance personnel should be trained tosafely and properly inspect and repair tires



• Society of Automotive Engineers:

Off Road Tire Condit ions Removal Guidelines-

Draft

• Draft available for review, comments requested

• Note- this document does not affect Agencypolicy

Maintenance Training



Typical Defects

Bulge : An area of separation packed with rubber that has migratedfrom an adjoining area of the separation.

Blister : A localized bubble on the surface of a tire.

Chipping : Flaking or tearing away small bits of tread rubber.

Chunking : Tearing or breaking away pieces of tread rubber.

Cracks : Splits or narrow breaks in rubber compounds not

caused by a foreign object. Also known as a split.



Typical Defects

Puncture : Any penetration of a tire’s air chamber by a foreign

object resulting in loss of air.

Separation : The parting of de-bonding of any adjacent

parts of the tire (ply to ply, ply to rubber, etc.

Exposed Cord : Belt/Breaker, ply (usually nylon or steel) or

other reinforcement and steel chafer/bead area reinforcementthat can be seen. Excludes fabric (usually nylon) chafer.

Cut : Damage made by sharp or jagged objects (e.g. rocks, rock

fragments). Also known as a snag.



Safety References

Tire Safety is Just One Part of a

Mine Haulage SystemSafety Program

MSHA’s Tire and Rim

Safety Awareness Program http://www.msha.gov/S&HINFO/IG60.PDF

MSHA’s Haul Road Inspection Handbookhttp://www.msha.gov/READROOM/HANDBOOK/PH99-I-4.pdf



Safety References

• Truck Driver’s Safe Operating

Procedures -http://www.msha.gov/S&HINFO/SAFETY/HCARD/TRUCKSAF.H

TM

• 100-TON OR GREATER TRUCK

PREOPERATION INSPECTION -http://www.msha.gov/S&HINFO/SAFETY/HCARD/100

Tmore.HTM

• Design of Surface Mine Haulage Roads

– A Manual, IC 8758 – http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/pubs/pdfs/ic8758.pdf



Safety References

• Tire manufacturers, tire industry

organizations, and machine

manufacture’s tire safety and

maintenance information

• Many available sources- the following

are provided as examples, no MSHA

endorsement or determination ofsuitability is implied



Safety References

• Tire Industry Association- OTR Tire

Mount/Demount Training &

Certificate Program-http://www.tireindustry.org/shop/shop200.asp

• Tire Retread Information Bureau-http://www.retread.org/



Safety References

• Goodyear-http://www.goodyearotr.com/pdf/otrdatabook2004.pdf,

Reference Goodyear’s “Cause and Prevention of

Typical Earthmover Tire Failures”

• Michelin-http://earthmover.webmichelin.com/na_eng/ProductI

nfo/ProductInfo.Html,

http://earthmover.webmichelin.com/na_eng/News/10

6.html



Safety References

• Bridgestone - http://www.bfor.com/tire_management/index.asp

Also see Bridgestone’s Tire Damage

Checklist and Tire Management

Software

• Continental- http://www.conti-online.com/generator/www/us/en/continental/otr/themes/tech_d

nloads/downloads_en.html



Safety References

• Yokohama-http://www.yokohamatire.com/otr_tire_construction.asp

• Rimex- Safety information and

TyreSense- http://www.rimex.com/custom/safety.html,http://www.rimex.com/custom/defuzervalve.html,

http://www.rimex.com/custom/tyresense.html

• Fuller Brothers, Inc.- Tire Analysis

System- http://www.fullerbros.com/products/TAS.htm

• Arnco- Tire Flatproofing-http://www.arnconet.com/flatproofing.htm



Safety References

• Ten Do's and Don'ts of Tire

Management Basic maintenance and

care contributes to maximum tire

performance, tire life, and operatorsafety. http://www.aggman.com/articles/jun04e.htm



Safety References

• Tire Incentive Program Provides

Savings for Phelps Dodge and

Scholarships to Local Youth-http://www.phelpsdodge.com/PhelpsDodge/Templates/In

nerPageSimpleNav.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORI

GINALURL=%2fCommunity-

Environment%2fCommunityRelations%2fEmployeeInvol

vement%2fCaseStudies%2ehtm&NRNODEGUID=%7b14E6B5F5-766F-4DCB-95E9-

D1140D2C2166%7d&NRCACHEHINT=Guest#tireincenti

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