Post on 01-Apr-2021
THE JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINEVolume 7 Number 5 2001 pp 405ndash515Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Therapeutic Plants of Ayurveda A Review of SelectedClinical and Other Studies for 166 Species
SARAH KHAN MS MPH CNS and MICHAEL J BALICK PhD
ABSTRACT
This paper reports on the results of a literature survey involving 166 different species of plantsused in the Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia based on a sampling of the literature available to us Wefound a wide range of clinical and other in vivo studies for many of the plant-based therapiesutilized in the Ayurvedic system Of the 166 plants investigated 72 (43) had at least one ormore human studies and 103 (62) had one or more animal studies These results appear to con-tradict the generally held notion that herbal remedies used in non-Western systems of botani-cal medicine have not been evaluated in human or in vivo trials Some of these studies are notalways as large or methodologically rigorous as clinical studies reported in major medical jour-nals Indeed a critical assessment of the research according to the standards of evidence-basedmedicine would eliminate many of these studies for lack of rigor according to criteria of ran-domization sample size adequacy of controls etc However the studies do suggest whichspecies might be appropriate for larger and better-controlled trials in the future Accordingly asynopsis of the plants their therapeutic applications and their clinical or experimental evalua-tions is presented
405
INTRODUCTION
Non-Western healing systems that utilizebotanical medicines are often criticized be-
cause of a supposed paucity of in vivo studies tosupport the safety and efficacy of individualplants or plant mixtures For example Barrett etal (1999) state that therapies outside the med-ical mainstream suffer from a dearth of researchand critical evaluation From a biomedical par-adigm rigorous studies include those that pro-vide randomized controlled data on efficacy aswell as information on toxicity dosage method
of use and adverse reactions Few herbals orother references available to practitioners ofbotanical medicine contain information aboutor citations of clinical trials or related studiesAt the same time billions of people around theworld have studied and utilized ancient med-ical systems such as Ayurveda (translated as theldquoscience of liferdquo) for centuries
To evaluate the availability of studies onplants used in Ayurveda we conducted asearch in two databases as well as other sourcesof information using a list of 166 species thatare important to this system of medicine
Institute of Economic Botany The New York Botanical Garden Bronx NY
ORIGINAL PAPERS
KHAN AND BALICK406
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research was conducted between Janu-ary 1996 and January 2000 The databasessearched were MEDLINEreg and NAPRALERTIn addition we collected literature on tradi-tional medicine and searched two Indian jour-nals not included in MEDLINE Aryavaidyanand the Indian Journal of Medical Research Thesepublications were selected based on theiravailability to us as examples of Indian jour-nals that report on studies of plants and theirtreatment of disease There are many other In-dian journals that contain a great deal of valu-able information however they were not ac-cessible to usmdashwe expect that if access to thistype of traditional knowledge can be facilitatedin some way much more information of inter-est could be located In this paper we only con-sider those studies that include individualplants or mixtures of plants consistent with thephilosophy of Ayurveda We did not includesix species that have been reported on in manyjournals in both human and animal studies Al-lium sativum L Cannabis indica Lam Digitalispurpurea L Papaver somniferum L Rauwolfiaserpentina L and Zingiber officinalis RoscoeHowever we did include these species in thecalculation of percentage of animal and humantrials of the 166 Ayurvedic medicinal plants
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Summary of human studies
A summary of the human studies and thespecies included in the plant mixtures are pre-sented in Table 1 Ayurvedic Plants and Hu-man Studies The disease categories listed inTable 1 are graphically depicted in Figure 1 asbreakdown into eleven disease categories forthe 166 plants (minus the six species alreadydocumented) with human studies The diseasecategories include antimicrobial antimuta-gens cardiovascular dermatology Diabetesmellitus gastrointestinal liver dysfunction nervous system paininflammation renalbloodimmune system and other There are atotal of 145 effects based on the 66 human stud-ies In a few instances when one plant demon-
strated more than one effect ie reduction ofboth blood glucose and triglyceride levels theeffect was counted in both the cardiovascularand Diabetes mellitus categories For the sake ofcomparison Figure 2 represents a breakdownof drugs used in the US pharmacopoeia ac-cording to treatment category based on thework of Paul Cox (1994)
Table 2 is a detailed list of all the plants or-ganized by genus and species with the familynames Information on common Sanskrit andEnglish names is also presented as well asmention of the plant part used preparation anddosage used in the study design model andsample size when known results (negative andpositive) and the original reference that wasexamined Forty-three percent (43) (a total of72) of the species in Table 2 contain referenceto one or more studies with humans and 62(a total of 103) of the species listed in this tablecontain reference to at least one animal trialCareful examination of the studies revealed avariation in sample size quality of researchand presentation of results However there isa great deal of interesting information con-tained in these studies representing a signifi-cant accumulation of evidence supporting theefficacy of plant therapies used in AyurvedaAlthough the table is quite long and detailedthere are a number of plants exhibiting im-pressive therapeutic effects in humans At thesame time this corpus of information serves topoint the way to species that deserve furtherstudy both in animal models and at the clinicToward this end we suggest the adoption ofldquoGood Botanical Practicesrdquo (Balick 1999) withproperly collected vouchered materials usedto produce the phytotherapies under studyThis is the only way that reproducibility of re-sults can be assured should further testing bewarranted
CONCLUSIONS
Plants have long been the principal tools oftraditional medical systems Although ancientin origins many traditional medical paradigmsand their pharmacopoeias have evolved intoquite sophisticated healing systems usingthousands of plants and other natural materi-
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 407
als such as minerals and animal products Inmany parts of the world traditional medicineis still used to provide the major part of pri-mary health care The World Health Organiza-tion has estimated that the majority of theworldrsquos population depends on botanical med-icines for basic health care needs (Akerele1985) Reasons for this include the fact thatthese local systems are culturally acceptablecheaper for many conditions as compared tobiomedicine and efficacious in many of the cir-cumstances in which they are used
In a recent editorial in the New England Jour-nal of Medicine the editors cautioned against the
use of herbal medicines as ldquoa reversion to irra-tional approaches to medical practicerdquo (Angelland Kassirer 1998) In this paper we have at-tempted to dispel the all-too-commonly heldnotion that no clinical or other evidence existsto support the use of plants used in traditionalmedical systems We acknowledge that someof the studies are not as rigorous as desired be-cause of resource or other limitations How-ever the work described in this review canserve to help guide future studies by pointingout promising therapies and thus research av-enues for specific conditions In the case ofAyurvedic medicine Indian journals often re-
FIG 1 Ayurvedic medicinal plant uses classified according to the treatment categories (Based on human studiesn 5 66)
FIG 2 US Pharmacopoeia drug uses classified according to the treatment categories From Cox 1994
gional or those published by individual re-search centers are rich in experimental studiesas well This exercise has also pointed out theneed for access to such publications via greaterinternational cooperation involving informa-tion exchange
This study has been limited by our own ac-cess to information and there are numerous ad-ditional journals that contain information onplants and complex mixtures of plants pre-pared according to traditional formulationsused in the Ayurvedic medical system Wehave undertaken this task in the hope that someof the initial studies presented may help to di-rect research on plants deserving of more in-tensive evaluation as clinical therapies
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful to Scott Gerson MD PhDmedical director of the National Institute ofAyurvedic Medicine Brewster NY for pro-viding us with a listing of the species ofAyurvedic medicinal plants discussed in thispaper We would like to thank the followingthe NAPRALERT staff for providing informa-tion on clinical trials The New York BotanicalGarden Library (for interlibrary loans) JenniferCooper of Naturersquos Herbs for providing refer-ences on some of the plants The Asian Eco-nomic Botany Fund of The New York BotanicalGarden (for funding travel and SK salary) andThe New York Botanical Garden Institute of
Economic Botany Bronx NY staff and internsJan Stevenson Kate Armstrong (1998 EverettPublic Service Intern) Kelvin Chan (volunteer)with special thanks to Rebekka Stone (ResearchAssistant) and Roberta Lee MD We wouldalso like to express our gratitude to GerryBodeker EdD for his thoughtful commentson the piece and to Jackie Wootton MEd andKim Jobst MA DM MRCP MFHom
We are also grateful to The Philecology Trustand The Metropolitan Life Foundation for theirgenerous support of Michael Balickrsquos researchprogram in ethnomedicine
REFERENCES
Angell M Kassirer JP Alternative medicine The risks ofuntested and unregulated remedies [editorial] N Eng-land J Med 1998339839ndash841
Akerele O The WHO Traditional Medicine ProgrammePolicy and Implementation International TraditionalHealth Newsletter Geneva Switzerland World HealthOrganizations 198511
Balick MJ Good Botanical Practices In Eskinazi D (ed)Botanical Medicine Efficacy Quality Assurance andRegulation Larchmont NY Mary Ann Liebert Inc1999121ndash125
Barrett B Kiefer D Rabago D Assessing the risks andbenefits of herbal medicine An overview of scientificevidence Altern Ther Health Med 19995(4)40ndash49
Cox P The ethnobotanical approach to drug discoveryStrengths and limitations In Chadwick D Marsh J(eds) Ethnobotany and the Search for New Drugs JohnWiley amp Sons 199425ndash36
Address reprint requests toMichael J Balick PhD
The New York Botanical GardenBronx NY 10458
E-mail mbalicknybgorg
KHAN AND BALICK408
The Foundation for the Revitilization of Local HealthTraditions (wwwfrlht-indiaorg) founded by DarshanShankar in 1991 is one such pioneering organization ded-icated to the conservation of Indian biodiversity and lo-cal health traditions and cultures
409
APPENDIX toTherapeutic Plants of AyurvedaTables 1 and 2 and Illustrations
410
TABLE 1 AYURVEDIC PLANTS WITH HUMAN STUDIES
Aegle marmelos Irritable bowel syndromeShigellosis
Allium cepa ColicHyperlipidemiaScar treatmentStomach carcinoma
Aloe barbendensis AntidiabeticBurn woundsPsoriasis
Andrographis paniculata Common cold (23)Fever sore throatHepatocellular jaundicePyuria hematuriaStenosis restenosisViral hepatitis
Areca catechu Diphyllobothrium latum infectionInflammatory bowel disease
Artemisia vulgaris Postoperative blood loss bacteriuriaAsparagus racemosus Calculi on kidney urinary bladder
Gastric emptyingAzadirachta indica Congestive heart failure
Mosquito repellant (23)ScabiesVaginal contraceptiveVitiligo
Bacopa monnieri Irritable bowel syndromeBoerhavia diffusa Congestive heart failureBoswellia serrata Ulcerative colitis
OsteoarthritisRheumatoid arthritis
Butea monosperma GiardiasisWorm infestations Ascaris lumbricoides
Capsicum annuum Cluster headaches (23)Diabetic neuropathy (23)Herpes zosterHerpetic neuralgia (33)Local stump pain due to amputationPost herpetic neuralgia (23) Postmastectomy pain syndromeSmall fiber function
Carum carvi ObstipationCedrus deodara Congestive heart failureCocos nucifera Coronary heart disease
ImmunotherapyOral rehydration therapy
Cuminum cyminum Diabetes mellitusCurcuma longa Cancerous lesions (external)
Gastric ulcersOsteoarthritisScabiesSerum lipid peroxides (decrease)Urinary mutagens (decrease)
Cyperus rotundus Intestinal metaplasia atypical hyperplasia of gastricmucosa
Daucus carota Inhibition of endogenous nitrosationMalignant mesotheliomaMetabolic parameters (no adverse changes)Oxidation in copper-oxidized LDL (decrease)Risk of vulvar cancer (decrease)
Dolichos biflorus Binding to healthy oral mucosaEmbelia ribes Acne vulgaris
Worm infestation Ascaris lumbricoidesEmblica officinalis Gastrointestinal disease
Serum cholesterol levelsViral hepatitis
Eugenia jambolana Decreases in mean blood sugar valuesFoeniculum vulgare Chronic nonspecific colitis
411
Glycyrrhiza glabra Acne vulgarisChronic duodenal ulcers (23)Chronic hepatitisHyperkalemia in Diabetes mellitus
Gossypium herbaceum Male antifertility (33)Gymnema sylvestre Mean blood sugar values (decrease) (23)
Serum lipids (decrease)Sweetness perception (decrease)
Holarrhena antidysenterica Facial acneHydrocotyle asiatica ShigellosisLinum usitatissimum N-3 fatty acids (increase)
Postprandrial glucose (decrease)Mallotus philippensis Worm infestations Ascaris lumbricoidesMoringa oleifera Perceived pain relief accelerated expulsion of wormsMucuna pruriens Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMyristica fagrans Calculi in kidneys and urinary bladderNardostachys jatamansi Facial acneNelumbo nucifera HyperlipidemiaOcimum sanctum Non-insulin dependent Diabetes mellitusOryza sativa Oral rehydration therapyPaederia foetida ShigellosisPeucedanum graveolens Vitamin Ab-carotene contentPicrorhiza kurrooa Bronchial asthma
Congestive heart failureViral hepatitisVitiligo
Piper longum Bioavailability of certain drugs (increase)Disappearance of Giardia lamblia
Piper nigrum No damage to human gastric mucosaPueraria tuberosa Migraine headachesRaphanus sativus No adverse effects to metabolic parametersRheum emodi Prevent chronic renal failureRicinus communis Binding of healthy oral mucosaRubia cordifolia Cardiac functionSalvadora persica Peridontal diseaseSantalum album Facial acne
Urinary tract infectionSaussurea lappa Reduced frequency of anginaSesamum indicum WartsStrychnos nux-vomica Nonketotic hyperglycemiaSwertia chirata Decrease in mean blood sugar valuesTamarindus indica Bioavailability of drugs (increase) (23)
Decrease pain accelerated expulsion of wormsTaraxacum officinale Chronic colitisTephrosia purpurea Decrease in mean blood sugar valuesTerminalia arjuna Severe refractory heart failure
Stable angina pectorisTerminalia bellirica Acne vulgarisTerminalia chebula Acne vulgaris
Congestive cardiac failureTinospora cordifolia Calculi on kidney or urinary bladder
Congestive heart failureManagement of obstructive jaundice
Tribulus terrestris Calculi on kidney and urinary bladderRemission of angina pectoris
Trigonella foenum-graecum Hypolipidemic effect (23)Postprandial glucose levels (decrease)Total cholesterol LDL VLDL triglycerides (decrease)
Valeriana jatamansi Infantile rotavirus enteritisMild hypnotic actionMild insomnia decrease sleep latencySleep quality
Withania somnifera Calculi on kidney and urinary bladderOsteoarthritisPsychomotor performanceRheumatoid arthritis
LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol VLDL very low-density lipoprotein cho-lesterol
412
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Acorus calamus
L
Alcoh
olic extract of dried
Rats
Decrease in sev
erity of m
axim
um
Martis G et al Neu
roph
armacolog
ical
ACORACEAE
rhizom
es 1 kg
coa
rse
electric sho
ck ind
uced seizu
res in rats
activity of Acorus calamus
L
Vacha
pow
der
was dem
onstrated
Fitoterapia LXII 1
991433
1ndash33
7Sw
eet Flat
Acorus calamus
Ethan
olic extract of Acorus
Rats m
ice
Extract has sho
wn sedative ana
lgesic
Voh
ora SB
et al Cen
tral nervo
uscalamus rhizo
mes H
ot
mod
erately hy
potensive an
dsy
stem
studies on an
ethan
ol
extract distilla
tion
33
resp
iratory qu
alities
extract of Acorus calamus
L
poo
led c
oncentrated
rhizom
es J E
thno
pharm
and dried
1990
2853
ndash62
Aegle marmelos
Dried
unr
ipe fruit pow
der
Ran
domized
Treatmen
t of shige
llosis with these
Haider R
et al Eva
luation of ind
ige-
(L) Correcirca
of Aegle marmelos
dou
ble-blind
plan
ts did not sho
w any
clin
ical
nous plan
ts in the trea
tmen
t of
RUTACEAE
dried
pow
der plant of
clinical trial
impr
ovem
ent or bacteriolog
ical cure
acute shige
llosis Trop G
eogr M
edBilu
aHydrocotyle asiatica
82 m
en w
ith
as com
pared to am
picillin
1991
43(3)266
ndash270
Bael tree
dried
pow
der of Poederia
shigellosis
foetida
Aegle marmelos
Metha
nolic
extract of root
Mice
Extract inh
ibited
the
spo
ntan
eous
Kak
iuch
i N et al Effects of co
nstitu-
bark Aegle marmelos
beating rate of cu
ltured m
ouse
ents of Beli (Aegle marmelos
L) on
10
0 mg
mL
myo
card
ial cells
by ap
proximately
spon
tane
ous be
ating an
d calcium-
50
paradox
of myo
card
ial cells
Plan
ta
Med
199
157
(1)4
3ndash46
Aegle marmelos
Ayu
rved
ic preparation
Clin
ical trial
In 57 pa
tien
ts A
yurved
ic prepa
ration
Yad
av SK e
t al Irritable bo
wel syn
-Aegle marmelos
and
rand
omized
was effective
in 649 w
hile stand
ard
drome the
rapeu
tic ev
alua
tion
of
Bacopa monnieri
controlle
d
therap
y (w
ith clidinium bromide
indigen
ous dru
gs Ind
ian J Med
Res
169 pa
tien
tsch
lord
iaze
poxide isaph
aghu
lla) in
1989
9049
6ndash50
3with irritable
60 patients was useful 78
3 L
ong-
bowel
term
follow-up sh
owed
both form
s of
synd
rome
therap
y were no
better than
placebo
in lim
iting the relaps
e
Aegle marmelos
Plants lack
ing pyrroliz
idine
Feed
ing
To test tox
icity of plants plants
Arseculeratne
SN e
t al Stud
ies
alka
loids Aegle marmelos
trials in rats
prod
uced
hep
atic lesions
tha
t included
of m
edicinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Hemidesmus indicus
central ve
in abn
ormalities Terminalia
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eTerminalia chebula
chebulaan
d Withania somnifera
trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs
JWithania somnifera
prod
uced
marke
d ren
al lesions
Ethno
pha
rm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
413
(continued)
Aegle marmelos
Aqu
eous decoc
tion
s of
Lab
oratory
All plan
ts dem
onstrated significant
Karuna
naya
ke EH e
t al Oral hy
po-
Aegle marmelos
anim
als
hypo
glyc
emic effect in the
ir ability to
glyc
emic activity of som
e med
icinal
Momordica charantia
decrease the fasting bloo
d gluco
seplants of Sri Lan
ka J Ethno
pha
rm
Salacia reticulata
leve
l an
d impr
ove gluc
ose toleranc
e19
8411(2)223
ndash231
Momordica charantia
had the
highe
steffect w
hile Salacia reticulataha
d the
lowest
Alangium
Extracted
with n-
Mice ex
tract
Sage
is a po
tent inh
ibitor of TPA-ind
uced
Oku
yama T et al Studies on
can
cer
salviifolium
(Lf)
hexa
ne ethy
l acetate
exam
ined
mou
se ear edem
a A
ntitum
or
bioc
hemop
reve
ntion of natural
Wan
gerin
and m
etha
nol
on TPA-
promoting activity guided
the
resourcesX
1
inhibitory effect of
ALA
NGIA
CEAE
Alls
pice b
asil bay
induc
ed ear
separation of the
relatively active
spices onTPA
-enh
anced 3H-cho
line
Ank
ola
leav
es card
amom
seed
edem
asp
ices and
led
to the isolation of
inco
rporation in pho
spho
lipids of
Sage
leave
scinn
amon
cu
min d
illursolic acid from sag
e A
ll plan
tsC3h
10T1
2 cells
and
on TPA
-seed
dry ginge
rwere high
ly poten
t inhibitors of TPA
-induc
ed m
ouse ear edem
a
ging
er h
orseradish
induc
ed m
ouse ear edem
aChin Pha
rm J 199
547
(5)4
21ndash4
30
marjoram oreg
ano
parsley pink pep
per
red pe
ppe
r ros
emary
sage
tarrag
on thym
eturm
eric w
hite pep
per
Allium
cepaL
Allium
cepaintake
Mailed
To assess relations
hips am
ong
Lus
t KD e
t al Materna
l intake
of
ALL
IACEAE
question
naire
compon
ents of the materna
l diet an
dcruc
iferou
s ve
getables and
other
Palan
du
272 mothe
rs
presenc
e of colic sym
ptom
s am
ong
food
s an
d colic sym
ptom
s in
Onion
infants
527
3ex
clusive
ly breast-fed infan
ts S
tudy
exclusive
ly breast-fed infan
ts J A
m
reve
aled
initial eviden
ce tha
t materna
lDietetic Assoc
199
696(1)4
6ndash48
intake
of on
ions
during
exclusive
breast-feeding is assoc
iated w
ith co
licsymptoms in you
ng infan
ts
Allium
cepa
Allium
cepaan
d Allium
Nethe
rlan
ds
Strong
inv
erse assoc
iation
between on
ion
Doran
t E et al Con
sumption of onion
sativum
cons
umption
Coh
ort Study
cons
umption an
d stomach carcinom
aan
d red
uced risk of stomach
on diet an
d
carcinom
a G
asterolenterolog
y canc
er n
519
96110
(1)1
2ndash20
12
085
2 men
an
d w
omen
55
ndash69 ye
ars
Allium
cepa
Aqu
eous
extracts of
Rats
Garlic
and
onion
can
be inge
sted
Bordia T
et al An ev
aluation of
Allium
cepaor Allium
freq
uen
tly in low
dos
es w
itho
ut an
yga
rlic and
onion
as an
tithrombo
tic
sativum
administered
side
effects a
nd can
still pr
oduc
e a
agen
ts P
rostag
land
ins Le
uko
Essen
torally or intrap
eri-
sign
ifican
t an
tithrombo
tic effect
Fatty Acids 19
9654(3)183
ndash186
tone
ally d
aily for
4 weeks
414
Allium
cepa
Con
tractube
x ge
lClin
ical trial 3
8In C
ontractube
x grou
p e
valuation of
Marag
akis M
et al Possibilities of
(Mertz 1
Co D-
child
ren with
therap
eutic resu
lt w
as ldquogo
odrdquo an
dscar treatmen
t after thoracic
Fran
kfurtMain)
scar formation
ldquovery go
odrdquo in 84
of cases as
surgery D
rugs
Und
er Exp
Clin
containing
10
onion
after thoracic
compared
to 59
of untreated
cases
Res 199
521
(5)1
99ndash2
06
extract 50
U sod
ium
surgery
In treated
group
scar size w
ashe
parin
g of gel and
1
Con
tract-
marke
dly low
er q
uicke
r paling and
allantoin
ubex
-treated
conv
ersion
to hy
pertroph
ic or ke
loidal
and 27
scars was less freq
uen
t Sc
ar specific
untrea
ted
effects of C
ontractube
x persisted
after
compared
the en
d of trea
tmen
tAllium
cepa
S-methy
l cy
steine
Allo
xan-
Administration of SM-C
S sign
ifican
tly
Kumari K et al Antidiabe
tic an
d
sulpho
xide (SM-C
S)diabe
tic rats
controlle
d blood
gluco
se lip
id serum
hy
polip
idem
ic effects of S-methy
l isolated
from onion
an
d altered
the
activities of liver
cysteine
sulfox
ide isolated
from
Oral ad
ministration
hexo
kina
se g
luco
se 6-pho
spha
tase
Allium
cepaLinn Ind
J Bioch
emdaily at a dose of 200
and H
MG C
oA red
uctase toward
Biophy
sics 199
532
(1)4
9ndash54
mg
kg bod
y weigh
t for
norm
al Effects of SM-C
S were
45 day
sco
mparab
le to those of glib
enclam
ide
and ins
ulin
Allium
cepa
Allium
cepa Allium
27 hea
lthy
Tolbu
tamide Cucurbita ficifolia Phaseolus
Rom
an R
R et al Antihyp
erglyc
emic
sativa Brassica oleracea
rabb
its
vulgaris Opuntia streptacantha Spinacea
effect of some ed
ible plants
Cucurbita ficifolia
oleracea Cucum
is sativusa
nd Cum
inum
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
548
(1)2
5ndash32
Cum
inum
cyminum
cyminum
sign
ifican
tly decreased
the
Cucum
is sativus Lactuca
area und
er the
gluco
se toleran
ce cur
vesativa Opuntia
and the
hyp
erglyc
emic pea
k Brassica
streptacantha Phaseolus
oleracea Allium
cepa an
d Allium
vulgaris Psidum guajava
sativum
only decreased
the
Spinacea oleracea
hype
rglycemic peak The
glycemic
decreases cau
sed by Psidum guajava
Brassica oleracea
and Lactuca sativa
were no
t sign
ifican
tAllium
cepa
Oral ad
ministration of
Allo
xan-
Diabe
tic co
ndition ch
aracterized by
Sheela C
G et al Anti-diabe
tic
onion su
lfox
ide am
ino
diabe
tic rats
glucose intoleran
ce w
eigh
t loss
effects on
onion
and
garlic
acids
dep
letion
of liv
er glyco
gen im
prove
dsu
lfox
ide am
ino acids in rats
compared
to rats treated
with
Planta Med
ica 19
9561(4)356
ndash357
gliben
clam
ide an
d ins
ulin
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
415
(continued)
Allium
cepa
Allium
cepaaq
ueou
sMice
A significant inc
rease in the
weigh
t of
Al-Bek
airi A
M e
t al Tox
icity studies
extract give
n to m
ice for
testes and
epididym
us of the
treated
on Allium
cepa its effect on
3 mon
ths at a dose of
anim
als was observe
d Sp
erm cou
ntestrad
iol trea
ted m
ice an
d on
100 mg
kg in the
was significantly inc
reased
supp
orting
ep
ididym
al spe
rmatoz
oa
drink
ing water
an aphr
odisiac poten
tial Allium
cepa
Fitoterapia LXII 1
991430
1ndash30
6did not sho
w an estrog
enic or
antiestrog
enic activity an
d w
as dev
oid
of spermatotox
ic poten
tial
Allium
cepa
Ether extract of Allium
Albino rats
Extract sign
ifican
tly pr
even
ted an increa
se
Lata S e
t al Ben
eficial effects of
cepa
in serum
cho
lesterol and
triglyc
eride
Allium
sativum
Allium
cepaan
d
leve
ls c
aused by an
atherog
enic diet
Com
mipho
ra m
ukul on
The
extract provided
significant
experim
ental hy
perlip
idem
ia and
protection ag
ains
t athe
roge
nic diet-
athe
rosclerosismdash
A com
parative
induc
ed atherosclerosis
evalua
tion
JPostgrad Med
199
1(3)1
32ndash1
35
Allium
cepa
10ndash1
000
0 mg Allium
cepa
Mice
The
tum
or yield and
inc
iden
ce of
Belm
an S O
nion
and
garlic
oil inhibit
oil an
d Allium
sativum
pho
rbol-m
yristate-acetate promotion
tumor production C
arcino
gene
sis
oil ap
plied 3
3per w
eek
were inhibited in a dose-dep
enden
t19
834(8)1
063ndash
1065
man
ner ov
er the
ran
ge of 10
ndash100
000
mg
of onion
oil G
arlic
oil was also
inhibitory but was less effective
Allium
cepa
Extracted
onion
or ga
rlic
Human
trial
Onion
and
garlic
had
a significant
Bord
ia A
et al E
ffect of the
essen
tial
juice or equ
ivalen
t of
10 hea
lthy
protective action
aga
inst fat-ind
uced
oils of ga
rlic and
onion
on alim
en-
ethe
r-ex
tracted essen
tial
subjects
increa
ses in serum cho
lesterol and
tary hyp
erlip
idem
ia A
therosclerosis
oils a
dministered 4
plasm
a fibrinog
en and
a decrease in
1975
21(1)15ndash
19
rand
omly different day
sco
agulation time an
d fibrino
lytic
during 1 week
activity
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe barbadensisa poly-
Rats an
d m
ice
Benz
o[a]pyren
e-DNA adduc
t form
ation
Kim
HS Lee BM Inh
ibition of
Mill
saccha
ride fraction
extract
was significantly inh
ibited
in
benz
o[a]pyren
e-DNA adduc
t ASP
HODELA
CEAE
Mice ad
ministered oral
variou
s orga
ns (p
000
1) w
hen mice
form
ation by
Aloe barbadensis
Kumari
dose of 10 mg follo
wed
were pretrea
ted w
ith aloe
The
se results
Miller C
arcino
gene
sis 19
9718(4)
Aloe ve
rawith 16
day
s of treatmen
t su
ggest a ch
emop
rotective effect
771ndash
776
at 50 mg per m
ouse
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
juice prep
ared
Placebo
-Bloo
d suga
r leve
ls and
triglyc
eride
Yon
gcha
iyud
ha SV e
t al
from
aloe ge
l 1 tablespoo
n co
ntrolle
dleve
ls w
ere decreased
significantly
Antidiabe
tic activity of Aloe vera
23pe
r day
for at least
and single-
Whe
n give
n Aloe vera
juice
L juice I Clin
ical trial in ne
w2 weeks
blind trial
cases of diabe
tes mellitus
50
men
22
Phy
tomed
199
63(3)241
ndash243
wom
en w
ith
diabe
tes
416
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
gel ve
rsus
no
Phase III
Dermatitis sco
res were virtua
lly iden
tical
Williams MS et al Pha
se III
trea
tmen
tdou
ble-blind
on both trea
tmen
t arms dur
ing bo
th
dou
ble-blind eva
luation of an
rand
omized
the trials T
his dose sche
dule of an Aloe
aloe
vera ge
l as a proph
ylactic
trial Trial 1
vera
gel doe
s no
t pr
otect ag
ains
t ag
ent for radiation
-ind
uced
skin
194 wom
en
radiation
toxicity Int J R
adiat Onc
ol B
iol
Trial 2 10
8Phy
sics 199
636
(2)3
45ndash3
49
wom
enAloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
extract cream 05
Dou
ble-blind
Patien
ts w
ith slight to mod
erate ch
ronic
Syed
TA e
t al M
anag
emen
t of
100 g of placebo
or active
placebo
-plaqu
e-type
psoriasis w
ere treated
psoriasis w
ith Aloe ve
ra extract in
ingred
ient 3
3 daily for
controlle
d
By the en
d of the study 25
30a hy
drophilic
cream
A placebo
5 co
nsecutive
day
s pe
r study 60
(833
) were cu
red com
pared to 2
30co
ntrolle
d dou
ble-blind study
week (m
axim
um 4 w
eeks)
patients with
(66) in the
placebo
group Pso
riasis
Trop Med
Int H
ealth 19
961(4)
psoriasis
and A
rea an
d Sev
erity Index
sco
re50
5ndash50
9decreased
to a mea
n of 22
Aloe barbadensis
CARN 750
is a po
lydispersed
Mye
losu
p-Su
bcutan
eous ad
ministration sign
ifican
tly
Egg
er SF et al Hem
atop
oietic
b(14)-lin
ked acetylated
pressed
(7 Gy)
increased splenic an
d periphe
ral bloo
d
augm
entation
by a be
ta-(14)-
man
nan isolated
from
C57BL6 mice
cellu
larity a
s well as hem
atop
oietic
linke
d m
anna
n C
ancer Im
mun
ol
Aloe barbadensis
proge
nitors in sp
leen
and
bon
e marrow
Immuno
ther 1
99643(4)1
95ndash2
05
(hem
atop
oietic aug
men
tation
)Aloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
gel
Clin
ical and
Patien
ts w
ere treated w
ith Aloe vera
Visuthiko
sol V et al Effect of
histolog
icge
l co
mpared
with va
selin
e ga
uze
Aloe ve
ra gel to he
aling of burn
study
The
aloe trea
ted-group
hea
led
wou
nd and
clin
ical and
histologic
27 patients
sign
ifican
tly faster in 11
98 day
sstudy JMed
Assoc
Tha
iland
199
5with partial
whe
reas petroleum
jelly
-treated
group
78(8)4
03ndash4
09
thickn
ess bu
rns
healed
in 18
19 day
s (p
000
2)Aloe barbadensis
Top
ical applic
ation of
Mice
Top
ical app
lication of gel impr
oved
Strick
land
FM e
t al Pr
even
tion
of
016
7ndash167
aloe ge
lUV-ind
uced
immune
suppr
ession
by
ultraviolet rad
iation
-ind
uced
after each
irrad
iation
a mecha
nism
tha
t doe
s no
t invo
lve
supp
ression of con
tact and
delay
edDNA dam
age or rep
air
hypersens
itivity by
Aloe barbadensis
gel ex
tract JInv
est Dermatol 199
410
2(2)197
ndash204
Aloe barbadensis
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used
of pow
dered
plant
dosed
for 10
the plants were studied
in rats for 10
Indian ab
ortifacien
t plants with
material Adhatoda vasica
day
sday
s after insemination with sp
ecial
special referenc
e to the
ir teratolog
ic
Abrus precatorius Acacia
referenc
e to effects of fetal
effects in rats J Ethno
pharm 199
2arabica Aloe barbadensis
dev
elop
men
t Leaf ex
tracts of
36147
ndash154
Anethum
sowa Apium
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
petroselinium Banbusa
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
417
(continued)
arundensis Blepharis
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
edulis Butea monosperma
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Lepidum sativum
Mesua
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
ferrea Moringa oleifera
at the
doses tested
Mucuna pruriens
Raphanus sativus Sida
cordifolia Trachyspermum
ammai
Aloe barbadensis
Aceman
nan the
USA
NMice rats
No sign
ifican
t sign
s of intox
ication an
d
Foglem
an R
W e
t al Tox
icolog
ic
accepted
nam
e for the
and dog
sno
dea
ths oc
curred
in an
imals trea
ted
evaluation of injectable acem
anna
n long
-cha
in polyd
ispe
rsed
with
the
single injection of A
ceman
nan
in the
mou
se rat an
d dog
Vet
b-(14)-acetylated
at dosag
es of 80
mg
kg IV or 20
0 mg
Hum Tox
icol 199
234
(3)2
01ndash2
05
polyman
nose w
ith
kg IP in m
ice 15 mg
kg or 50 m
gkg
interspersed o-acetylated
IP in rats an
d 10 mg
kg IV or 50
mg
grou
ps extracted
from
kgIP in dog
sAloe barbadensis 1 m
gmL
solution
eithe
r as a 1
dose or rep
eated at
4-day
interva
ls for 8
doses by IV
or IP rou
tes
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe barbadensis
Mice m
urine
Sarcom
as grew in 10
0 of the co
ntrol
Peng
SY e
t al Decreased
mortality
Aceman
nan lon
g ch
ain
sarcom
a cells
an
imals an
d resulted in mortality in
of N
orman
mur
ine sarcom
a in
polydispersed b
(14)-
subc
utan
eously
20ndash4
6 day
s dep
ending on
the
num
ber
mice trea
ted w
ith im
muno
-lin
ked m
anna
n polym
ers
implan
ted
of cells implan
ted 4
0 of an
imals
mod
ulator Aceman
nan M
ol
with rand
om O
-acetyl
trea
ted w
ith Aceman
nan su
rvived
Biother 199
13(3)79ndash
87
grou
ps give
n IP
Aloe barbadensis
Gastric administration of
Rab
bits
Results sho
wed
tha
t tolbutamide an
dRom
an-R
amos
R e
t al Exp
erim
ental
water tolbu
tamide or a
studied plants excep
t Aloe barbadensis
study of the
hyp
oglycemic effect
plan
t preparation
decreased
significantly the
area un
der
of som
e an
tidiabe
tic plan
ts A
rch
the gluco
se toleran
ce curve in
Inve
st M
ed (Mex
) 19
912287ndash9
3relation
to the water con
trol group
Aloe barbadensis
Exu
date of Aloe barbadensis
Allo
xan-diabe
tic
Hyp
oglycemic effects of aloe
on seru
m
Ajabn
oor MA Effect of aloes on
leav
es and
bitter
mice
gluc
ose leve
ls w
ere insign
ifican
t bloo
d gluco
se lev
els in normal
principle A
dministered
whe
reas the
bitter pr
inciple w
as
and allo
xan diabe
tic mice
orally 50
0 mg
kg
high
ly significant and
exten
ded ove
r a
JEthno
pha
rm 199
028
(2)2
15ndash2
20
The
bitter pr
inciple w
asperiod of 24
hou
rs The
max
imum
ad
ministered IP 5 m
gkg
decrease in plasm
a gluc
ose leve
l was
observed
at day
5 in bo
th cases
Alpinia galanga
Ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Alpinia galanga
trea
tmen
t sign
ifican
tly
Quresh
i S et al Effect of Alpinia
(L) Sw
Alpinia galanga
decreased
the
effect of ind
uced
galangatrea
tmen
t on
cytolog
ical
ZIN
GIBERACEAE
rhizom
es Minim
um
micronu
clea
ted polyc
hrom
atic
and bioch
emical cha
nges ind
uced
Malay
avacha
effective dose was 125
erythr
ocytes (MPE
) witho
ut altering
by cyc
lopho
spha
mide in m
ice
Java
galan
gal
mg
kg bod
y weigh
tcy
totoxicity B
ioch
emical cha
nges
Int J Ph
armacog
199
432
(2)1
71ndash1
77
caus
ed by MPE in the liv
er w
ere
also significantly inh
ibited
418
Alpinia galanga
Ethan
olic extract of
Rats
Sign
ifican
t decrease in the
inten
sity of
Al-Yah
ya M
A et al Gastric
Alpinia galanga
at a
muco
sal dam
age was gastric observe
d
antisecretory antiulcer and
dose of 500 m
gkg
Alpinia galanga
prod
uced a significant
cytoprotective properties of
decrease in gastric secretion
in py
loru
s etha
nolic
extract of A galanga
ligated
rats an
d a highly sign
ifican
t W
illd in rats P
hytother R
es 199
0cy
toprotective effect aga
inst ind
uced
4(3)112
ndash114
cy
todestruction
Alpinia galanga
Ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Tox
icities studies were don
e N
oQuresh
i S et al Tox
icity studies on
rhizom
es of Alpinia
sign
ifican
t mortality co
mpared
to
Alpinia galanga
and Curcuma longa
galangaan
d Curcuma
controls w
as noted
The
gain in
Planta Med
199
258
(2)1
24ndash1
27
longa A
cute dos
ages
weigh
ts of sexu
al organ
s an
d05 10 an
d 3 gkg
bod
yincrea
sed spe
rm m
otility and
spe
rmweigh
t Chr
onic dos
age
counts were ob
served
in bo
th groups
100 mg
kg per day
The
se cha
nges w
ere high
ly significant
in the
Alpinia galanga-treated
group
Both ex
tracts failed to sh
ow any
spermatotox
ic effects
Ananas comosus
Bromelain a proteolytic
Piglets
Administration of bromelain can
Myn
ott TL e
t al Oral ad
ministration
(L) Merr
extract ob
tained
from
inhibit Enterotox
igen
ic Escherichia
of protease inhibits enterotox
igen
ic
BROMELIA
CEAE
pine
apple stems
coli(ETEC) receptor activity in vivo an
dEscherichia colireceptor activity in
Ana
nas
may
be us
eful for preve
ntion of K
881
piglet small intestine G
ut 199638(1)
Pineapple
ETEC-ind
uced
diarrhe
a28
ndash32
Ananas
Enz
yme fraction
s derived
12
rats with
Results ind
icate de
bridem
ent (the
Row
an A
D et al Deb
ridem
ent of
Comosus
from
the
stem of
full thickn
ess
remov
al of un
healthy tissue) of the
experim
ental full-thickn
ess sk
in
pine
apple
skin burns
injury cou
ld be effected
rap
idly
burns of rats with en
zyme fraction
s (w
ithin 4 ho
urs) Pineapple ha
sderived
from pinea
pple stems
poten
tial as a no
nsurgical deb
riding
Burns 19
9016(4)243
ndash246
ag
ent
Andrographis
Kan
Jan
g herba
l extract
Ran
dom
ized
No sign
ifican
t differenc
e in the
occurren
ceCaceres D
D et al Preve
ntion of
paniculata
principle ing
redient is
dou
ble-blind
of colds be
tween the study grou
p an
dco
mmon
colds with Andrographis
(Burmf) Nees
Andrographis paniculata
study 107
the placebo
con
trol In the third m
onth
paniculata
dried
extract A
pilo
tACANTHACEAE
approximately 2 tablet
healthy vo
l-there was a significant decrease in the
dou
ble blind trial P
hytomed
icine
Kirta
per day
of 10
0 mg ea
chun
teers all
occu
rren
ce of co
ld in the stud
y grou
p19
974(2)1
01ndash1
04
King of Bitters
approximately
compared
to the placebo
18
yea
rs old
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
419
(continued)
Andrographis
Kan
jang
tab
lets s
tand
ardized
Con
trolled
A decrease of the
subjective
sym
ptom
s Melch
ior J et al Con
trolled clin
ical
paniculata
Andrographis paniculata
dou
ble-blind
and dur
ation of sym
ptoms of the
study of stand
ardized
Andrographis
extract
pilot study
common
cold w
ere sign
ifican
tly
paniculata
extract in com
mon
coldmdash
50 patients
reduc
ed (p
002
5)a pilo
t trial Phy
tomed
icine 19
96
1997
3(4)3
15ndash3
18
Andrographis
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Spon
tane
ously
Dose-dep
enden
t hy
poten
sive
effect on
Zha
ng C
Y T
an BK H
ypoten
sive
paniculata
Andrographis paniculata
hypertens
ive
systolic blood
pressur
e was studied
activity of aq
ueou
s ex
tract of
Chr
onic IP infusion
s rats and
Plasm
a an
gioten
sin-co
nverting
Andrographis paniculata
in rats
by osm
otic pum
ps
Wistar-
enzy
me activities as well as kidne
yClin
Exp
Pha
rm Phy
s 19
9623(8)
Kyo
to rats
thioba
rbitur
ic acid lev
el w
ere
675ndash
678
sign
ifican
tly decreased
in ex
tract-
trea
ted versu
s co
ntrols
Andrographis
Adrographis paniculata
Dog
mod
elFind
ings
ind
icate that Andrographis
Guo ZL et al An ex
perimen
tal
paniculata
paniculata
may
decrease the ne
gative
study of the
mecha
nism
of
effects of ische
mic rep
erfusion
(by
Andrographis paniculata
Nees(APN)
decreasing the ha
rmful effects of free-
in alle
viating the Ca(21
)-ov
er-
radical dam
age)
load
ing in the
process of myo
- card
ial isch
emic rep
erfusion
J
Ton
gji Med
Univ 1995
15(4)205
ndash208
Andrographis
Andrographis paniculata
Clin
ical trial
Results sho
w tha
t post Extraco
rporea
lMuan
gman
V e
t al The
usage
of
paniculata
tablets (250
mg)
100 patients
Shoc
k W
ave Litho
tripsy (ESW
L)
Andrographis paniculata
follo
wing
4 tablets tid 25 patients
with rena
lpyu
ria an
d hem
aturia in patients
Extraco
rporea
l Sh
ock W
ave
give
n co
trim
oxazole
ston
es and
receiving Andrographis paniculata
Litho
tripsy
(ESW
L) J Med
2 tablets bid 2
5 patients
norm
al ren
alwere reduced to 069
and
055
Assoc
Tha
iland
199
578
(6)3
10ndash3
13
received
norflox
acin
func
tion
compared
to pre-ESW
L value
200 mg bid
Authors co
nclude Andrographis
paniculata
is ben
eficial for post-
ESW
L urina
ry tract infection
Andrographis
Extract of Andrographis
Clin
ical trial
Extract can
significantly alle
viate
Wan
g DW
Hua
YZ Prev
ention
of
paniculata
paniculata
patien
tsathe
rosclerotic sten
osis and
resteno
sis
athe
rosclerotic arterial steno
sis
with sten
osis
after ex
perimen
tal an
giop
lasty A
4-
and resteno
sis after an
giop
lasty
week follo
w-up show
ed dila
ted ilia
cwith Andrographis paniculata
arteries in co
ntrol grou
p all ha
d sev
ere
nees and
fish oil Chine
se M
ed J
resten
osis b
ut Andrographis
(Eng
lish Ed) 19
94107
(6)4
64ndash4
70
paniculata-treated
group
had
no or
only m
ild resteno
sis oc
cur
Andrographis
Andrographis paniculata
Ran
dom
ized
Efficacy of paracetam
ol or high
dose
Tha
mlik
itku
l V e
t al Efficacy
of
paniculata
3 g
d or 6 g
d for
dou
ble-blind
of Andrographis paniculata
was
Andrographis paniculata N
ees for
7 da
ys or Pa
racetamol
study
15
2sign
ifican
tly more effective than
low
pha
ryng
oton
sillitis in adults J Med
ad
ults with
dose of Andrographis paniculata
atAssoc
Tha
iland
199
174
(10)437
ndash442
ph
aryn
go-
day
3 in term
s of the
relief of fev
ertons
illitis
and sore throat
420
Andrographis
And
rograp
holid
e a
Rats
Andrographis paniculata
exhibited stron
g Tripathi G
S T
ripathi Y
B C
holeretic
paniculata
diterpe
ne iso
lated from
choleratic action whe
n ad
ministered
action
of And
rograp
holid
e ob
tained
Andrographis
IP The
sub
stan
ce ind
uced an increa
se
from
Andrographis paniculata
in
paniculata
in bile
flow and
a cha
nge in phy
sical
rats P
hytother R
es 199
1517
6ndash17
8properties of bile secretion
Andrographis
A m
ixture of Andrographis
Hum
an trial
Herba
l mixture w
as administered to
Ram
ji et al E
ffect of K
almeg
ha and
paniculata
paniculata
and Emblica
35 patients
patients with Hep
atitis B
1 B
2 a
ndAmlaki com
pou
nd on viral
officinalis
hepa
titis B
1
post he
patitis syn
drome The
mixture
hepatitis (Kos
htha
-Sha
khashr
ita
hepa
titis B
2
dem
onstrated efficacy in red
ucing
Kam
ala) A
ryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)
and post-
clinical sym
ptom
s improving
liver
164ndash
169
hepa
titis
func
tion
an
d album
in
synd
rome
Andrographis
Decoc
tion
of Andrographis
Hum
anHep
atoc
ellular jaund
ice was m
onitored
Tom
ar G
S Singh
RN Treatmen
t of
paniculata
paniculata
of 60 ml
trial 60
Yellow color of the co
njunc
tiva
he
patoc
ellular jaund
ice with
day
(eq
uiva
lent to 40
gpa
tien
tsim
prove
d 100 ten
der hep
atic
Kalmeg
h (Andrographis paniculata)
of cru
de drug) in 3
with he
pato-
enlargem
ent decreased
in 96
w
ithin
Aryav
aidya
n 19
9011(3ndash
3)156
ndash162
divided
dos
es A
verage
cellu
lar
20 day
s of treatmen
t Loss of
trea
tmen
t 23
12
4 day
sjaund
ice
appetite in 100
w
as improve
d after
4ndash5 da
ys S
everal tests w
ere high
lysign
ifican
t after trea
tmen
t seru
mbilirubin alkaline pho
spha
tase s
erum
tran
sferase
Andrographis
Alcoh
ol extract of
Guinea
pigs
Extract ex
hibited sign
ifican
t an
tidiarrhe
alGupta S et al A
ntidiarrho
eal activity
paniculata
Andrographis
and rab
bits
activity aga
inst Escherichia coli en
terotoxins
of diterpen
es of Andrographis
paniculata
in animal m
odels
paniculata
(Kal-M
egh) aga
inst
Escherichia colien
terotoxin in in
vivo
mod
els Int JCru
de Drig Res
1990
(4)2
73ndash2
83
Andrographis
Andrographis
Rats
Rep
eated administration of leaf
Cho
udhu
ry BR et al In vivoan
d
paniculata
paniculata
leaf extract
extract positively effected
microsomal
in vitro
effects of K
almeg
h an
d and
rograp
holid
edru
g metab
olizing en
zyme system
s of
(Andrographis paniculata) ex
tract an
dthe rat liv
er (he
patic m
icroso
mal
andrograp
holid
e on
hep
atic
aniline
hydroxy
lase N
-dem
ethy
lase
microsomal dru
g metab
olizing
and O
-dem
ethy
lase enz
ymes)
enzy
mes P
lanta Med
198
753
13
5ndash14
0
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
421
(continued)
Apium
graveolens L
Aqu
eous celery extract
Rats
Seru
m cho
lesterol con
centration
was
Tsi D
Tan
BK E
ffects of celery
UMBELLIFE
RAE
administered
sign
ifican
tly decreased
(p
005)
extract an
d 3-N
-butylphtha
lide
Ajm
oda
intrap
eriton
eally
compared
to co
ntrols Celery ex
tract
on lipid lev
els in gen
etically
Celery
was effective
in prev
enting
the
rise of
hype
rcho
lesterolae
mic (RIC
O) rats
cholesterol leve
l in rats
Clin
Exp
Pha
rmacol Phy
siol
1996
23(3)214
ndash217
Apium
graveolens
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats with
A significant hep
atop
rotective activity
Sing
h A H
anda SS
Hep
atop
rotective
the seed
s of Apium
paracetamol-
of the
metha
nolic
extract of the seed
sactivity of Apium
graveolensan
dgraveolens
and
induced
of both plants was rep
orted
Hygrophila auriculataag
ains
tHygrophila auriculata
liver
paracetam
ol and
thioa
cetamide
dam
age
intoxication
in rats JE
thno
pharm
1995
1549
(3)1
19ndash1
26
Apium
graveolens
Aqu
eous celery extract
Wistar rats
At the en
d of 8 weeks a
significant
Tsi D
et al Effects of a aq
ueou
s 2 grou
ps fed high fat
decrease was fou
nd in total seru
m
celery (Apium
graveolens) extract
diets 1
group also fed
cholesterol LD
L ch
olesterol an
d
on lipid param
eters of rats fed a
aqueo
us celery extract
triglyceride co
ncen
trations
high
fat diet Plan
ta M
ed 199
561(1)
18ndash2
1Apium
graveolens
From
celery seed
oil 3-
Mice with
After treatmen
t with co
mpou
nds
Zhe
ng G
Q et al Che
mop
reve
ntion
n-bu
tylphtha
lide
benz
o[a]
tumor inc
iden
ce w
as decreased
from
of ben
z-[a]pyren
e-induc
ed fore-
sedan
olide and
pyrene
-68
to 30 and
11
A red
uction in
stom
ach canc
er in mice by
natur
al
p-men
tha-28-dien-1-ol
induced
tumor m
ultiplic
ity of 67
and
83
phtha
lides from celery root seed
were tested
tumorigen
esis
was observe
d w
ith 3-n-bu
tylphtha
lide
oil Nutr C
ancer 19
9319(1)77ndash
86
and sed
anolide D
ata indicate bo
thwere active
in tumor inh
ibition
Apium
graveolens
80 ethan
olic extract of
Rats with
Results sh
owed
tha
t the plan
tsAl-Hindaw
i MK e
t al Anti-
Achillea santolina
carrag
eena
n-possessed
varying
deg
rees of an
ti-
inflam
matory activity of some
Apium
graveolens
induced
inflam
matory activity in the follo
wing
Iraq
i plants using
intact rats
Matricaria chamomilla
paw edem
adescend
ing order W
ithania somnifera
JEthno
pha
rm 198
926
(2)1
63ndash1
68
Myrtus communis
Apium
graveolens Achillea santolina
Withania somnifera
and
Matricaria chamomilla Myrtus communis
Acetylsalicylic acid used
as stand
ard drug
Areca catechu
L
Betel nut ch
ewing
Mailed question
-11
6 resp
onses to question
naire
Lee CN et al Betel nut an
d sm
oking
PALMAE
naire 223
co
mpared
to he
althy mem
bers of the
Are the
y bo
th protective in
Poo
gapa
tien
ts w
ith
community It ap
pears that smok
ing
ulcerative co
litis A pilo
t study
Areca nut
inflam
matory
and betel nut ch
ewing reduce the
risk
Arquivos de Gastroe
nterol
bowel disea
seof dev
elop
ing ulcerative
colitis
1996
33(1)3ndash5
Areca catechu
Betel nut ch
ewing
Con
trolled
A significant inc
rease in m
itom
ycin C
Trive
di AH e
t al Eleva
ted m
utag
en
clinical
(MMC)-induc
ed sister ch
romatid
suscep
tibility in cultured
trial 40
exch
ange
(SC
E)cell va
lues w
ere
lymph
ocytes of oral can
cer
oral can
cer
observed
amon
g oral can
cer patients
patie
nts A
ntican
cer Res 199515
(6B)
40 tob
acco
(betel nut ch
ewers) as co
mpared
to
2589
ndash259
2ch
ewers 40
healthy no
nche
wer con
trols
healthy
individuals
422
Areca catechu
Betel quid che
wing
Hum
anRea
ctive ox
ygen
spe
cies O
H rad
ical
Nair UJ et al Ortho
- an
dcons
isting
of be
tel leaf
trial 5
are form
ed in the hu
man
oral cavity
metatyros
ine form
ation from
areca qu
id catech
u an
dvo
lunteers
during
betel quid che
wing an
d m
ay be
phe
nylalanine
in hu
man
saliva as
slak
ed lim
e (w
itho
ut
implic
ated
in the ge
netic dam
age that
a marke
r of hyd
roxy
l radical
toba
cco)
has be
en obs
erve
d in oral epithe
lial
gene
ration
during be
tel qu
idcells
of ch
ewers
chew
ing C
arcino
gene
sis
(Oxford) 19
9516(5)119
5ndash11
98
Areca catechu
Che
wing an
d smok
ing
Case-controlle
dIncreased risk of oral su
bmuco
us
Mah
er R
Role of areca nut in the
habits and
oral
clinical
fibros
is w
as obs
erve
d for areca nu
tcaus
ation of oral su
bmuco
us
subm
uco
us fibrosis
trial 15
7ch
ewing W
hen the ha
bit was
fibros
is a case-con
trol study in
(OSF
)cases an
dpracticed
alone
app
eared to ha
vePak
istan JOral Patho
l Med
199
415
7 co
ntrols
high
est risk followed
by ldquop
aanrdquo
with
23(2)6
5ndash69
or w
itho
ut toba
cco D
aily con
sumption
rates ap
pea
red to be
more im
portant
with resp
ect to risk than
lifetim
e duration
of ha
bit
Areca catechu
Areca nut pow
der added
Mice
Areca nut decreased
mace-indu
ced
Sing
h A Rao
AR Mod
ulatory effect
to feed
increa
ses in hep
atic glutathione
-S-
of areca nut on
the
action of m
ace
tran
sferase an
d sulphh
ydryl leve
ls and
(Myristica fragrans H
outt) on
the
elev
ated
fur
ther inc
reases in the leve
lshe
patic detox
ification sy
stem
in
of cytochr
ome b5
and
P-450
mice Foo
d C
hem Tox
ic 199
331
(7)
517ndash
521
Areca catechu
Oral ha
bits
Retrosp
ective
Ana
lyses confirmed
an association
van W
yk C
W et al The
areca nut
study
betw
een nu
t ch
ewing an
d che
ekch
ewing ha
bit an
d oral sq
uamou
s 14
3 men
canc
er T
he data sh
owed
tha
t areca
cell carcinom
a in Sou
th A
frican
an
d w
omen
nut ha
bit with or w
itho
ut toba
cco use
Indians
A retrosp
ective
study
with oral
is important in the dev
elop
men
t of
South A
frican
Med
J 199
383
(6)
squa
mou
soral squ
amou
s carcinom
a42
5ndash42
9carcinom
aAreca catechu
Areca nut decoction
Case stud
yA case stud
y dem
onstrated the
Fu H
H e
t al Areca nut in the
effectiven
ess of areca nut decoc
tion
in
trea
tmen
t of diphy
llobo
thrium
the trea
tmen
t of Diphyllobothrium
latum infection
Rep
ort of a
latum
infection
case study C
hin Med
J 195
169
40
7ndash40
9
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
423
(continued)
Artemisia vulgaris L
Infusion
Urtica dioica
Human
An he
rbal infusion
used to irriga
te the
Dav
idov
MI et al Po
stad
enom
ectomy
COMPO
SITAE
Hypericum
trial 22
blad
der after prostate ad
enom
ectomy
phy
toperfusion
of the blad
der
Nag
adam
niperformatum
pa
tien
ts post-
reduc
ed post op
erative bloo
d loss
Urologiya
INefrologiya
199
50(5)
Mug
wort
Matricaria recutita
pros
tate
bacteriuria preve
nted
hem
orrh
agic
19ndash2
0Plantaginis majoris
aden
omectomy
and puru
lent inflammation
Herba millefolii
Betula Artemisia
vulgaris Fragaria vesca
Asparagus
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plan
ts significantly inh
ibited
the
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of som
e Indian
racemosus
Willd
Picrorhiza kurrooa
carcinog
en och
ratoxin-induced
herbs on
macroph
age func
tion
s ASP
ARAGACEA
ETinospora cordifolia
supp
ression of che
motactic activity
in och
ratoxin A treated
mice J
Shatau
ari
Withania somnifera
and the
produc
tion
of interleu
kin-1
Ethno
pha
rm 199
758
(5)1
5ndash20
Asp
arag
us
and tumor necrosis factor-a
bymacroph
ages
Asparagus
1 capsu
le 3
3pe
r day
30
patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
racemosus
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also in its
composite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs o
ncontaining
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
ability to slow
ly disintegrate bo
thcalculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus5
0 mg
ureters or
calcium-oxa
late and
calcium
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
blad
ders
carbon
ate crys
tals in a sp
an of 72
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
mg Eclipta alba
100
hours and
com
plete disch
arging
of
mg Myristica fragrans
crystals w
ithin 15
ndash30 day
s C
omplete
10 m
g Tinospora
disch
arge
occur
red in grea
ter than
cordifolia1
00 m
g80
of the patients
Tribulus terrestris 50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gAsparagus
2 g pow
dered
roo
t of
Clin
ical crossov
erBasal gastric emptying t12
was 159
9Dalvi SS et al Effect of Asparagus
racemosus
Asparagus racemosus
study
8
that w
as red
uced by Asparagus
racemosus
(Sha
tava
ri) on
gastric
compa
red to stan
dard
norm
alracemosus
to 101
(p
000
1) and
by
emptying time in normal hea
lthy
treatm
ent of 10 mg
healthy male
metoc
lopr
amide to 853 (p
000
1)
volunteers J Postgrad M
ed 199
0tablet m
etoclopramide
volunteers
Asparagus racemosus
and
36(2)9
1ndash94
metoc
lopr
amide did not differ
sign
ifican
tly in the
ir effect
Asparagus
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
Whe
n co
mpared
with co
ntrol grou
ps
Tha
tte UM Dah
anuka
r SA
racemosus
Tinospora cordifolia
all four
dru
gs preve
nted
to va
rying
Com
parative stud
y of
glucan an
d lithium
for
deg
rees leuc
open
ia Both indigen
ous
immuno
mod
ulating activity of
15 day
splants were poten
t im
muno
stim
ulants
Indian
med
icinal plants lithium
with effects comparab
le to lithium
carbon
ate an
d glucan M
etho
ds
and glucan
Find
Exp
Clin
Pha
rmacol
1988
10(10
)639
ndash644
Azadirachta indica
Pur
ified ne
em extracts
Rats bab
oons
Pr
egna
ncy was terminated
(with oral
Talwar G
P et al Ind
uced
termination
A Juss
orally delivered
and m
onke
ysne
em) su
ccessfully in roden
tsof pregn
ancy
by pur
ified extracts
MELIA
CEAE
and primates w
ith no
significant side
of Azadirachta indica(N
eem)
Arish
taeffects
Mecha
nism
s invo
lved
Am J
Neem
Rep
rod Immun
ol 199737(6)4
85ndash4
91
424
Azadirachta indica
Lea
f po
wder of
Male albino
rats
Results sugg
est a po
ssible rev
ersible
Joshi AR e
t al Effect of Azadirachta
Azadirachta indica
antian
droge
nic pr
operty of the leav
es
indica
leav
es on testis and
its
reco
very in albino
rats Ind
ian
JExp
Biol 19
9634(11
)109
1ndash10
94
Azadirachta indica
Neem oil in m
ixed
in
Con
trolled
Results rev
ealed 81
ndash91
mosqu
ito
Mishr
a AK e
t al Use of ne
em oil as
coconu
t oil (1ndash4)
field study
repellant action during
12-ho
ur pe
riod
a mosqu
ito repe
llent in tribal
exposed
of observa
tion
from bites of
villa
ges of M
andla district Mad
hya
body pa
rts
anop
helin
e mosqu
itoe
sPradesh Ind
ian J Malariol 19
95
of hum
an32
(3)9
9ndash10
3vo
lunteers
Azadirachta indica
Neem cream
Con
trolled
App
lication of neem cream
to ex
posed
Dua
VK Rep
ellent action of neem
field study
body parts sho
wed
78
89
a
nd
cream aga
inst m
osqu
itoe
s Ind
ian J
exposed
944 protection ag
ains
t Aed
es
Malariology
199
532
(2)4
7ndash53
bo
dy pa
rts
Culex
and
Ano
phe
les mos
quitoe
sof hum
anresp
ective
ly Sign
ifican
t differenc
evo
lunteers
was observe
d between ne
em cream
-trea
ted and
untreated
group for Aed
emos
quitoe
sAzadirachta indica
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
iaad
ministered postinfective
preinfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia in
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
sing
le and
multiple dos
es of ex
tract
mice with a trad
itiona
lly prescribe
d
Terminalia chebula
Salmonella
and had
a significant the
rapeu
tic
crud
e dru
g form
ulation
J
Tinospora cordifolia
typhi
effect in reduc
ing septicemia
Ethno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aque
ous alco
hol etha
nol
1 stock solution us
edto prepa
re dilu
tion
sOral or subc
utane
ous
administration
Azadirachta indica
Extracts of neem lea
ves
Rats
Neem dose dep
ende
ntly decreased
gastric
Garg GP et al The
gastric antiulcer
ulcer sev
erity in rats ub
jected
to stress
effects of the
lea
ves of the
Neem
and also decreased
ethan
ol provo
ked
tree Plan
ta M
ed 199
359
215
ndash217
ga
stric muc
osal dam
age
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
425
(continued)
Azadirachta indica
Azadirachta indicaan
dPilo
t stud
yIn 97
of the cases a cur
e of scabies w
as
Cha
rles V
Cha
rles SX T
he use and
Curcuma longapa
ste
814 patients
obtained
within 3ndash
15 day
s of treatmen
tefficacy
of Azadirachta indicaADR
with scab
ies
(ldquoNeemrdquo) and
Curcuma longa
(ldquoTurm
ericrdquo) in scab
iesA pilo
tstudy Trop G
eogr M
ed 199
244
17
8ndash18
1Azadirachta indica
A decoc
tion
of the follo
wing
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoc
tion
and
Sati R
B Sh
arma RK Man
agem
ent of
herbs Azadirachta indica
cong
estive
Urgenic indica Patients with isch
emic
cong
estive
cardiac failu
re w
ith
Boerhaavia diffusa Cedrus
heart failu
rehe
art disease card
iomyo
pathy
and
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
deodara Picrorhiza kurrooa
cor pulmon
ale were give
n pow
der of
Aryav
aidy
an 199
04(2)123
ndash126
Terminalia chebula Tinospora
Inula racemosa w
hile patients with
cordifolia Trichosantes lobata
rheu
matic heart disea
se w
ere give
nInula raceomosa2 g 8
Commiphora mukul A
fter 2 w
eeks
hourly Commiphora mukul
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
12 g 8 ho
urly Urgenic
completely 2
had
bradyc
ardia and
indica 100 m
g 8 ho
urly
2 were refractory
Azadirachta indica
Group I Azadirachta indica
Ran
dom
Enc
ouraging
improve
men
t in treating
Nair RP et al Clin
ical eva
luation of
powder 4 g33
day
trial 60
vitilig
o (app
earanc
e of w
hite patch
esAyu
rved
ic prepa
ration
s in vitiligo
Pa
ste of Abrus precatorius
patien
tson
the
skin) w
as noted
in bo
th group
sJR
es A
yur Siddh 19
87VIII(1ndash
2)
and Plumbago zeylanica
with vitilig
o30
ndash38
applie
d externa
llyGroup
IIPow
der of
Phyllanthus emblica
Acacia catechuan
dseed
s of Psoralea
corylifolia
4 g
33day
Azadirachta indica
Neem oil ap
plie
d w
ith
Human
and
Used intrava
gina
lly ne
em w
as 100
Sinh
a KC e
t al N
eem oil as a
an applicator
anim
aleffective in preve
nting pregn
ancy
in
vagina
l co
ntraceptive Ind
ian
trial rats
subjects
JMed
Res 198
479
131
ndash136
rhesus
mon
keys
hu
man
sBacopa monnieri
Ayu
rved
ic prepa
ration
of
Dou
ble-blind
Ayu
rved
ic preparation was effective
in
Yad
av SK et al Irritable bo
wel
(L) Pe
nnell
Aegle marmelos
and Bacopa
rand
omized
649 w
hereas stand
ard the
rapy
was
synd
rome the
rape
utic ev
alua
tion
SC
ROPH
ULA
RIACEA
Emonnierifor 6 weeks
trial 16
9useful in 783
Placebo
patients
of ind
igen
ous dru
gs Indian JM
edBrahm
ive
rsus
stand
ard the
rapy
pa
tien
ts w
ith
improve
d 327
The
rapy was
Res Sect A-Infect Dis 198
990
Brahm
iof clid
inium bromide
irritable
particu
larly be
neficial in the diarrhe
a-49
6ndash50
3ch
lord
iaze
poxide and
bowel
predom
inan
t form
of IBS
isap
hagu
llasynd
rome
(IBS)
Bacopa monnieri
Con
stituen
ts of Bacopa
Rats
Bacosides app
eared to ha
ve a significant
Sing
h HK et al Effect of Bacos
ides A
monnieriaq
ueo
us
effect on men
tal retention capa
city of
and B on av
oidan
ce respon
ses in
susp
ension
of ba
cosides
rats by im
prov
ing resp
onses
rats P
hyto R
es 198
82(2)70ndash
75
A and
B
426
Bacopa monnieri
Aqu
eous
susp
ension
of
Rats
In Sho
ck-M
otivated
Brigh
tness-
Sing
h HK Dha
wan
BN
an alcoh
olic extract of
Discrim
ination Reaction the
treated
Effect of Bacopa monniera
Bacopa monnieri(40 mg
kg
grou
p sho
wed
significant better
Linn (brah
mi) extract on
orally) for 3 or m
ore day
sacqu
isition improv
ed reten
tion
an
dav
oida
nce resp
onses in rat J
delay
ed extinction In Active
Ethno
pharm 198
25(2)205
ndash214
Con
ditione
d Flig
ht R
eaction animals
show
ed a significant sho
rter reaction
time than
con
trols in flig
ht reaction
Boerhavia diffusa L
Aqu
eous
or po
wder roo
tRats
Extract exh
ibited
marke
d protection of a
Raw
at A
K et al Hep
atop
rotective
NYCTAGIN
ACEAE
of Boerhavia diffusa
majority of serum param
eters A
queo
us
activity of Boerhaavia diffusa
L
Puna
rnau
aAqu
eous ex
tract (2 m
lkg
) form
had
more he
patop
rotective
rootsmdash
A pop
ular Indian ethn
o-Sp
read
ing
of roo
tseffect tha
n po
wder T
his may
be
med
icine J Ethno
pharm 199
756
(1)
hogw
eed
due to better ab
sorp
tion
of the liq
uid
61ndash6
6throug
h ga
strointestinal tract
Boerhavia diffusa
Boerhavia diffusa
Golden
Form
ulation
had
a m
axim
um cure rate
Sohn
i YR B
hatt R
M A
ctivity of a
Berberis aristata
hamsters
of 73
as a dose of 800
mg
kg per day
crud
e ex
tract form
ulation
in
Tinospora cordifolia
with he
patic
in hep
atic amoe
biasis The
ave
rage
expe
rimen
tal he
patic amoe
biasis
Terminalia chebula
amoe
biasis
deg
ree of infection
to 14 co
mpared
to
and in im
mun
omod
ulation
studies
Zingiber officinale
42 for controls w
as red
uced
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
654
(2ndash3
)119
ndash124
Dried
and
pulve
rize
dplan
ts extracted
in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually
Metronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
yBoerhavia diffusa
Boerhavia diffusa
Rats with caecal
Form
ulation
had
a curative
rate of 89
So
hni YR e
t al The
anti-am
oebic
Berberis aristata
amoe
biasis
with av
erag
e deg
ree of infection
effect of a crude dru
g in
Tinospora cordifolia
(cae
cal am
oebiasis) (A
DI) red
uced to
form
ulation
of he
rbal extracts
Terminalia chebula
04 in a group dos
ed w
ith 50
0 mg
kg
agains
t En
tamoe
ba histolytica in
Zingiber officinale
per day
as co
mpared
with ADI
vitroan
d in vivo J Ethno
pha
rmDried
and
pulve
rize
dof 38 for con
trols
1995
45(1)43ndash
52
plan
ts extracted
in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually
Metronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
y
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
427
(continued)
Boerhavia diffusa
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
iaad
ministered postinfective
preinfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
sing
le a
nd m
ultiple doses of ex
tract
in m
ice with a trad
itiona
llyTerminalia chebula
Salmonella
and had
a significant the
rapeu
tic
prescribe
d crude dru
g form
ulation
Tinospora cordifolia
typhi
effect in reduc
ing septicemia
JEthno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aq
ueou
s alcoho
l etha
nol
1 stock
solution us
edto prepare dilu
tion
sOral or subcutane
ous
administration
Boerhavia diffusa
Ethan
olic extract of
Pregn
ant
Extract w
as fou
nd to be
dev
oid of an
ySing
h A et al An ex
perimen
tal
Boerhavia diffusa
albino
rats
teratoge
nic effect as litter size and
evaluation of possible teratoge
nic
Daily dose of 250
mg
kgdur
ing
survival rate of fetuses were same as
poten
tial in Boerhaavia diffusa
in
period
of
the co
ntrol an
d no fetal an
omaly
Albino rats Plan
ta M
ed 199
157
(4)
gestation
could be detected
315ndash31
6Boerhavia diffusa
Alcoh
olic extract of
Rats an
d m
ice
Extract exh
ibited
hep
atop
rotective
Cha
ndan
BK et al Boerhaavia diffusa
who
le plant of
activity aga
inst ind
uced hep
atox
icity
A study of its hep
atop
rotective
Boerhavia diffusa
and sho
wed
an increa
se in no
rmal bile
activity J Ethno
pha
rm 199
131
(3)
500 mg
kg at 48
24
an
dflow
sugg
esting
a stron
g ch
oleretic
299ndash30
72 ho
urs before an
d 6
activity N
o sign
s of tox
icity with an
hours after C
C14
oral dose up
to 2 g
kg
administration
Boerhavia diffusa
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sha
rma RK Man
agem
ent of
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica Patients with
cong
estive
cardiac failure w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic heart disease card
iomyo
pathy
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
and cor pulm
onale were give
n pow
der
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash1
26
Cedrus deodara
of Inula racemosa
while patients with
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rheu
matic heart disease w
ere give
nTerminalia chebula
Commiphora mukul After 2 w
eeks of
Tinospora cordifolia
trea
tmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Trichosantes lobata
completely 2 had
bradyc
ardia a
ndInula racemosa2 g 8
2 were refractory
hourly Commiphora
mukul1
2 g 8 ho
urly
Urgenic indica10
0 mg
8 ho
urly
Boswellia serrata
Boswellia serrata
gum
Con
trolled
Patien
ts suffering from
ulcerative co
litis
Gupta I et al Effects of Boswellia
Rox
bex
Coleb
rresin prepa
ration
clinical trial
all param
eters tested
improve
d after
serratagu
m resin in pa
tien
ts w
ith
BURSE
RACEAE
Dosag
e of 350 m
g 33
per
trea
tmen
t the resu
lts be
ing simila
r ulcerative co
litis Eur
J M
ed R
es
Shallaki
day
for 6 w
eeks or as a
to con
trols 82
treated
wen
t into
19972(1)3
7ndash43
Indian oliban
um
control su
lfasalazine
remission
for the su
lfasalaz
ine-
(1 g 3
3per day
)trea
ted group 75
428
Boswellia serrata
H15
a sp
ecial ex
tract of
Con
trolled
The
extract w
as effective
in reduc
ing
Etzel R
Sp
ecial ex
tract of
the gu
m resin of Boswellia
clinical
symptom
s of rhe
umatoid arthritis in
Boswellia serrata
(H15
) in the
serrata33
2 or 3
33
trial 26
050
ndash6
0 of pa
tien
ts inv
olve
d The
retreatm
ent of rhe
umatoid arthritis
tablets as a 400
mg
patients with
was a significant red
uction
in sw
ellin
g Ph
ytom
edicine 19
963(1)9
1ndash94
extract
rheu
matoid
and pain co
mpa
red to the placeb
oarthritis
Boswellia serrata
Boswellic
acids
Rats
Boswellic
acids were found
to po
ssess
Kap
il A E
ffect of Boswellic
acids
sign
ifican
t an
ti-inflammatory an
don
com
plemen
t in adjuva
nt- an
dco
mplem
ent-inhibitory activities
carrag
eena
n-induc
ed inflammation
Inflam
mop
harm
acolog
y 1994
2
361ndash
367
Boswellia serrata
Acetyl-bo
swellic
acids
Mice trea
ted
Mice were give
n the ex
tract 1 ho
ur before
Safayh
i H e
t al Pr
otection
by
(ac-BA
) isolated
from
with ga
lactos-
administration with ga
lactosam
ine
bosw
ellic
acid aga
inst
gum resin of Boswellia
amine
endotox
in T
he extract significantly
galactosam
ine
endotox
in-
serrata
endotox
in to
reduced seru
m enz
yme activities The
induced hep
atitis in mice
induce
extractrsquos protection was interpr
eted
in
Bioch
em Pha
rmacol 199
141
(10)
hepatitis
term
s of its ability to inh
ibit the
15
36ndash1
537
form
ation of leu
kotriene
sBoswellia serrata
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Osteo
arthritis pa
tien
ts w
ere rand
omly
Kulkarni R
R et al Treatmen
t of
450 mg Boswellia
placebo
-allocated to receive the placeb
o or the
osteoa
rthr
itis w
ith a he
rbal
serrataOleo gu
m resin
controlle
dhe
rbom
ineral formulation A
significant
form
ulation
a dou
ble-blind
100 mg Curcuma longa
trial 42
drop was noted
in the seve
rity of pa
in
placeb
o-co
ntrolle
d cros
s-ov
er
rhizom
e 50
mg and
Zinc
patients
(p
000
1) and
disab
ility sco
re
stud
y JEthno
pharm 199
1complex 50
mg
(p
005
)33
(1ndash2
)91ndash
95
Boswellia serrata
Alcoh
olic extract of salai
Rats an
d m
ice
To stud
y cellu
lar an
d humoral immune
Sh
arma ML e
t al E
ffect of salai
gugg
al w
as prepared
resp
onses an
d leucocy
tes migration
gu
ggal ex-Boswellia serrata
on
as a fine ho
mog
enized
oral administration of the
extract
cellu
lar an
d hum
oral immun
e su
spen
sion
in 2
gum
strong
ly inh
ibited
antibod
y pr
oduction
resp
onses an
d leuco
cyte
acacia and
administered
and cellular resp
onses inh
ibited
the
migration
Age
nts Actions
orally
infiltration
of polym
orpho
nuclea
r 19
8824(1ndash
2)161
ndash164
leuc
ocytes a
nd decreased
the
volume
of pleural ex
udate
Boswellia serrata
Alcoh
olic extract of
Rats an
d m
ice
The
extract display
ed m
arke
d anti-
Sing
h GB A
tal CK Ph
armacolog
y of
salai gu
ggal
inflam
matory activity in carrag
eena
n-an
extract of salai gu
ggal ex-
induced edem
a in rats an
d mice It
Boswellia serrata a
new
non
-was equ
ally effective
in
steroidal anti-inflam
matory ag
ent
adrena
lectom
ised
rats
Age
nts Actions 198618
(3ndash4
)407ndash4
12
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPH
ARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
429
(continued)
Butea monosperma
Pippali Rasay
ana an
Con
trolled
Com
plete disappe
aran
ce of Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al
(Lam
) Tau
bAyu
rved
ic dru
gclinical trial
from
stools in 23
25 (92
) pa
tien
ts
Man
agem
ent of giard
iasis by
aLEGUMIN
OSA
Eprep
ared
from Butea
25 patients
resu
lted
Sy
mptom
s of ill he
alth
herbal dru
g lsquoPippali Rasay
anarsquo A
Palasa
monospermastem
s an
dwith
abdom
inal disco
mfort p
resenc
e of
clinical study
J Ethno
pharm
Bastard
tea
kleav
es and
Piper longum
giardiasis
mucu
s pus cells
and
red
blood
cells
1997
56(3)233
ndash236
dried
fru
its A
dministered
25 con
trols
sign
ifican
tly reduced Sp
ontane
ous
orally at 1 g PO
33pe
r day
recove
ry in 20
of the cases was
for 15 day
srecord
ed in the placeb
o co
ntrol grou
pButea monosperma
Pippali Rasay
ana prepa
red
Two grou
psMice infected
with Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al Man
agem
ent of
from
Butea monosperma
of m
ice with
trop
hozo
ites tha
t were trea
ted w
ith the
giardiasis by
an im
mun
omod
ulatory
stem
s an
d leav
es and
a control
herbal formula produced up to 98
he
rbal dru
g Pippa
li rasaya
na
Piper longum dried
fru
its
recove
ry from the
infection
JE
thno
pha
rm 199
444
(3)1
43ndash1
46
administered orally
Butea monosperma
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
lyof pow
dered
plant
dosed
for 10
the plants were stud
ied in rats for 10
used Ind
ian ab
ortifacien
t plants
material Adhatoda vasica
day
sday
s after insemination with sp
ecial
with sp
ecial referenc
e to the
irAbrus precatorius Acacia
referenc
e to effects of fetal
teratologic effects in rats J
arabicva Aloe barbadensis
dev
elop
men
t Leaf extracts of
Ethno
pha
rm 199
236
147
ndash154
Anethum
sowa Apium
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
petroselinium Banbusa
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
arundensis Blepharis edulis
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
Butea monosperma
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Lepidum sativum
Mesua
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
ferrea Moringa oleifera
at the
dos
es tested
Mucuna pruriens
Raphanus sativus
Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
Butea monosperma
Crude pow
der mixture
75 patients with
The
cure rate in group
A w
as 80
Sa
rma BP O
jha D T
he m
anag
emen
t of equ
al parts of
variou
s worm
grou
p B treated with meb
endaz
ole
of G
andupa
da krim
i (Ascaris
Ailanthus excelsa Butea
infestations
was 92
an
d group C
was 76
lumbricoides) w
ith indigen
ous dru
gs
monosperma Embelia
Cure rate sho
wed
neg
ative Ascaris
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
70ndash172
ribes Erythrina indica
lumbricoidesov
a in stool rep
ort for
Mallotus philippensis
three co
nsecutive da
ys
Orxylum
indicum
Butea monosperma
Alcoh
olic susp
ension
of
Albino rats
At the tw
o dos
es Butea monosperma
Seth IN e
t al T
eratolog
ical eva
luation
Butea monosperma
show
ed abo
rtifactant activity 38
46
of seed susp
ension
of Butea
seed
s D
ose of 175
and
an
d 6578 r
espe
ctively In cases
monosperma in rats Fitoterap
ia
359 mg
kg bod
y weigh
twhe
re pregn
ancy
con
tinu
ed b
irth
1990
LXI(6)547
ndash550
defects w
ere no
ticed 61
54
and
3422
resp
ective
ly
430
Butea monosperma
Butin isolated
from seeds
Adu
ltAnti-im
plantation activity in 40
70
Bha
rgav
a SK
Estroge
nic an
d
of Butea monosperma
female rats
and 90
of the treated animals
postcoital an
tico
ncep
tive
activity
Oral ad
ministration to
resu
lted
At lower doses there was a
in rats of butin iso
lated from
rats at 5 10 and
20 mg
dose-dep
enden
t term
ination of
Butea monospermaseed
J
per rat day
1ndash5
of
pregn
ancy
and
a decrease in the
Ethno
pha
rm 198
618
(1)9
5ndash10
1pr
egna
ncy
numbe
r of implantation sites
Capsicum annuum L
Rats fed the
following
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
princ
iples
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
SOLA
NACEAE
plan
ts for 8 w
eeks
were ex
amined
for the
ir pos
sible
dietary spices or the
ir active
Katuv
ira
Brassicasp
ecies
influen
ce on the digestive
enz
ymes of
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes
Span
ish Pep
per
Capsicum annum
intestinal m
ucosa D
ietary curcumin
of small intestinal m
ucosa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
caps
aicin piperine an
d Zingiber
Int J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash
59
Curcuma longa Ferula
officinaleprominen
tly en
hanc
ed
foetida Piper longum
intestinal lipase activity and
also the
Piper nigrum
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
maltase
Trigonella foenum-
Dietary Cum
inum
cyminum
Trigonella
graecum Zingiber
foemum
-graecum
Brassica sp
ecies an
d
officinale
Ferula foetida
brou
ght ab
out decreases
in the
lev
els of pho
spha
tases an
d
sucrase The
positive influen
ces of a
good
num
ber of spices on term
inal
enzy
mes of the digestive
process cou
ld
be an ad
ditiona
l featur
e of species
that are gen
erally w
ell recogn
ized
to
stim
ulate digestion
Capsicum annuum
Intran
asal cap
saicin
Dou
ble-blind
Patien
ts w
ith cluster headache
sMarks D
R e
t al A dou
ble-blind
placeb
o-received
intrana
sal caps
aicin an
dplacebo
con
trolled trial of
controlle
dex
perien
ced a significant decrease in
intran
asal cap
saicin for cluster
trial
head
ache
sev
erity relative
to co
ntrols
head
ache
Cep
halalgia 199
313
(2)
114ndash
116
Capsicum annuum
Top
ically applied
Ran
dom
ized
All efficacy
variablesrelated
to he
rpetic
Watso
n CPN e
t al A ran
dom
ized
capsaicin 0075
cream
vehicle-
neuralgia sho
wed
a significant
vehicle-co
ntrolle
d trial of topical
controlle
dim
prove
men
t at nea
rly all time po
ints
caps
aicin in treatmen
t of
trial 14
3throug
hout the study for bo
th
postherpe
tic ne
uralgia C
lin
patien
tspatient group
s red
uction in pain
The
r 19
9315(3)510
ndash526
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
431
(continued)
with ch
ronic
or cha
nges in pain seve
rity pa
in relief
post-herpetic
and func
tion
al cap
acity scale
neur
algia
Capsicum annuum
007
5 cap
saicin cream
Dou
ble-blind
Cap
saicin cream
was app
lied top
ically
The
Cap
saican
Study Group
App
lied 4
3pe
r day
for
vehicle-
to areas of pain in patients with
Treatmen
t of painful diabe
tic
8 weeks
controlle
ddiabe
tic ne
uropathy
The
cream
neuropa
thy with topical cap
saican
study
produced significant relief for patients
a multicen
ter dou
ble-blind v
ehicle-
compared
to thos
e receiving a no
nactive
control-led study A
rch Int Med
cream
1991
151
(11)222
5ndash22
29
Capsicum annuum
Nasal cap
saicin
Hum
an trial
Cluster headache
patients (11
16) ex
peri-
Raloff J Hot prosp
ects for que
lling
16
cluster
enced cessation of hea
dache
s after
clus
ter he
adache
s Sci N
ews 19
91
head
ache
treatm
ent with capsaicin solution
in the
1320ndash
21
patien
tsno
stril of the
sam
e side of the
hea
dache
Ano
ther 2 patients ex
perienc
ed 50
reduc
tion
in pa
in
Capsicum annuum
002
5 cap
saicin cream
Dou
ble-
The
study indicates 0025
cap
saicin is
Walke
r FO
Lew
is SF Som
esthetic
blinded
a safe top
ical age
nt w
ith dem
onstrable
and electroph
ysiologic effects of
controlle
dclinical effects on sm
all fibe
r func
tion
topical 002
5 cap
saicin in man
trial
but no
t on
large
fiber or au
tono
mic
Reg
Ane
sth 19
901561
ndash66
10 subjects
func
tion
Capsicum annum
Cap
saicin cream
0025
Case stud
yAfter amputation sev
ere pain dev
elop
ed
Ray
ner HC e
t al Relief of loc
al
43daily
47-year-old
in both stum
ps A
pplic
ation of cap
saicin
stump pain by
cap
saicin cream
diabe
tic
relie
ved the
pain co
mpletely after day
Lan
cet 19
892512
76ndash1
277
with be
low
7 with no
loc
al irritation O
n stop
ping
the kn
eethe cream p
ain returned
after 2 d
ays
ampu
tation
Capsicum annuum
Spice princ
iples cap
saicin
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
curcumin p
iperine Plants
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
Brassica Cinnamomum
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepatic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian J Bioch
emcymimum
Ferula foetida
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 19
8926(4)254
ndash258
Tamarindus indica Trigonella
graecum
also stimulated the
lev
els of
foenum
-graecum
cy
toch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
Zingiber officinale
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Capsicum annuum
Cap
saicin cream
or placebo
Dou
ble-blind
Sign
ifican
t increa
sed relie
f in
Berns
tein JE et al T
opical cap
saicin
trea
ted for a 6-w
eek
controlle
dcaps
aicin-treated group
com
pared
trea
tmen
t of chr
onic pos
therpetic
period
trial 32
with ve
hicle was observe
d for all
neuralgia J A
m A
cad D
ermatol
patien
tsefficacy
variables A
fter 6 w
eeks
19
892126
5ndash27
0with ch
ronic
80 of caps
aicin-treated patients
post-herpetic
expe
rien
ced som
e pa
in relief
neur
algia
432
Capsicum annuum
Cap
saicin cream
0025
2 case studies
Male 67 ye
ars old with Diabetes mellitus
Ross DR Varipap
a RJ Treatmen
t of
presented
with pa
in in the ou
ter
painful diabe
tic ne
uropa
thy with
aspe
cts of left thigh C
apsaicin treatmen
ttopical caps
aicin N
Eng
l JM
ed
33per day
resulted in total relief
1989
321
(7)4
74ndash4
75
of dys
esthesias within 5 day
s M
ale
57 yea
rs old with diabe
tic ne
uropa
thy
was treated
with caps
aicin 43
per
day
Within 2 weeks
he stated
pain
was relieve
d to a muc
h greater ex
tent
Capsicum annuum
Top
ical 0025
cap
saicin
Human
trial
After a variety of treatm
ent ap
proache
s W
atson CP e
t al T
he post-
18 patients
(to reduce pain) w
ere uns
atisfactory
mastectom
y pain sy
ndrome an
d
with post-
12 of the 14
patients co
mpleting
the effect of topical capsaicin Pain
mastectom
ytrea
tmen
t with caps
aicin sh
owed
19
893817
7ndash18
6pa
inim
prove
men
t after 4 weeks and
8 (57
)
synd
rome
were judg
ed to be
goo
d or ex
celle
nt
resp
onses
Capsicum annuum
Top
ical 0025
cap
saicin
Human
trial
39 entering the trial achiev
ed at least
Watson CP e
t al P
ost-he
rpetic
33 patients
a go
od result and
55
were im
prove
d
neur
algia an
d top
ical cap
saicin
with post-
or better 56
of the 23
patients
Pain 19
883333
3ndash34
0he
rpetic
completing
the
study ha
d goo
d or
neuralgia
excelle
nt pain relie
f after 4 weeks 78
of the
23 no
ted at least some
improve
men
t in pain
Capsicum annuum
Cap
saicin cream
0025
Case stud
yHealthy
male 66 ye
ars old p
resented
Haw
k RJ Millikan
LE Treatmen
t of
Stan
dard therap
y includ
ed
with he
rpes zos
ter A
fter 18 mon
ths
oral postherpe
tic ne
uralgia w
ith
15 mL betam
etha
sone
of stand
ard treatmen
t su
bject
topical capsaicin Int JD
ermatol
sodium pho
spha
te 1
5 m
Linitiated cap
saicin treatmen
t19
8827(5)336
triamcino
lone
acetonide
Discomfort decreased
within 2 day
s(4
3pe
r day
application) F
our weeks
after initiating
treatmen
t patient
awok
e with no
pain
Carum
carvi
L
For ob
stipation a
Human
trial
The
lax
ative he
rb com
bina
tion
was
Matev
M e
t al Use of an
herba
l UMBELLIFE
RAE
combina
tion
of Rhamus
patien
ts w
ith
effective in 100
of the pa
tien
ts
combina
tion
with laxa
tive
action
Krish
najira
frangula Citrus aurantium
duod
enal ulcer
Daily defecation in 906
of patients
on duod
enal pep
tic ulcer an
d
Caraw
ayCarum
carvi F
or m
ain
or gastrod
uo-
and eve
ry secon
d day
defecation was
gastroduod
enitis patients with a
disea
se a
com
bina
tion
of
den
itis
obtained
94 of the pa
tien
ts
conc
omitan
t ob
stipation
Symphitum
officinalis and
all with
synd
rome [Bulgarian] Vutr
Calendula officinalis
obstipation
Boles 198
120
(6)4
8ndash51
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
433
(continued)
Cassia fistula
L
Aqu
eous fraction
of
Mice
Cassia fistula
prod
uced a sign
ifican
tAve
lla E e
t al Ev
aluation of tradi-
LEGUMMIN
OSA
Eleav
es of Cassia fistula
decrease in glycemia and
in the
tion
al m
edicineEffects of Cajanus
Aragh
ada
Dosag
es of 30
0 500
and
glucose toleran
ce test
cajanL an
d of Cassia fistula
L on
Indian labu
rnum
100 mg
kgcarboh
ydrate m
etab
olism in mice
[Span
ish] R
ev M
ed Pan
ama
1991
16(1)39ndash
45
Cassia fistula
Leg
ume Cassia fistula
Albino rats
Administration of Cassia fistula produ
ced
el-Saa
dan
y SS
et al The
bioch
emical
a sign
ifican
t decrease in blood
and
role and
hyp
ocho
lesterolaemic
liver total lipids Brain s
pleen kidne
ys
poten
tial of the legu
me Cassia
and heart followed
a sim
ilar tren
d but
fistula
in hyp
erch
olesterolaem
ic
with mod
erate effect B
lood
liver
rats N
ahru
ng 199
135
(8)8
07ndash8
15
kidne
ys sp
leen
and
hea
rt total
cholesterol sign
ifican
tly decreased
The
lev
el of triglycerides w
as m
arke
dly
improve
d
Cassia fistula
Who
le seed pow
der of
Rat go
lden
Cassia fistula
was fou
nd to be
amoe
bicida
lSh
ukla SC
Das SR C
ure of
Cassia fistula
hamster and
cysticidal a
nd cur
ed exp
erim
ental
Amoe
biasis by seed
pow
der of
human
scaecal amoe
biasis he
patic am
oebiasis
Cassia fistula Int JC
rude Dru
g Res
and intestina
l am
oebiasis of hu
man
s19
8826(3)141
ndash144
Cedrus deodara
Extracts of Cedrus
Rab
bits
Extract w
as tried
aga
inst m
ixed
Sang
wan
AK et al Clin
ical efficacy
(Rox
b ex D Don
)deodaraan
d Pongamia
infestations
of Psoroptes cuniculi(ear
of a herba
l ge
l an
d ointm
ent
G D
onglabra Cha
rmil in the
cank
er) an
d Notoedres cati(m
ange
)(C
harm
il) aga
inst m
ange
in rabb
its
PIN
ACEA
Etw
in formulation
s of gel
in a colon
y of lab
oratory rabb
its Two
Indian Vet J 199
471
(9)9
25ndash9
27
Dev
adaru
and ointm
ent
applic
ations
1 w
eek ap
art cu
red the
Deo
dar
rabb
its completely
Cedrus deodara
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sh
arma RK Man
agem
ent of
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica
Patients with
cong
estive
cardiac failu
re w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic hea
rt disease card
iomyo
pathy
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
and cor pulm
onale were give
n po
wder
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash126
Cedrus deodara
of Inula racemosa
while patients with
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rheu
matic hea
rt disease w
ere give
nTerminalia chebula
Commiphora mukul After 2 w
eeks
Tinospora cordifolia
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Trichosantes lobata
completely 2
had
bradyc
ardia a
ndInula racemosa2 g 8
2 were refractory
hourly Commiphora
mukul1
2 g 8
hourly Urgenic indica
100 mg 8 hou
rly
Cedrus deodara
Him
acha
lol iden
tified
as
Cat
Intrag
astric administration of him
acha
lol
Kar K
et al Sp
asmolytic con
stituen
ts
the major antispa
smod
icor pap
averine (100
mg
kg) pr
oduced
of Cedrus deodara (R
oxb) Lo
ud
cons
tituen
t in the
woo
deq
ual inh
ibition of ind
uced
spasm of
pha
rmacolog
ical eva
luation of
of Cedrus deodara
the intestine lasting
abo
ut 2 ho
urs
himacha
lol J Pha
rm Sci 197
564
(2)
but the himacha
lol ha
d a faster
258ndash
262
onset of action
434
Cinnamomum
Aqu
eous
and
chloroform
Rats
Preg
nant fem
ale rats treated
with bo
thPe
llega
tti-Le
mon
ica I Borro-M
aced
o zeylanicum
Blume
extracts Cinnamomum
extracts presented
an increa
sed num
ber
AMR A
bortive an
dor embryo
-LAURACEAE
zeylanicum
70 m
gkg
of resorption
s A
non
sign
ifican
tfetotoxic effect of Cinnamomum
Twak
numbe
r of abn
ormalities were
zeylanicum
leaf extracts in
Cinna
mon
observed
in liv
e fetuses
pregn
ant rats F
itoterap
ia19
9465(5)431
ndash434
Cinnamomum
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants did not sho
w any
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K E
ffect of
zeylanicum
zeylanica Cum
inum
cholesterol decreasing effect w
hen
cumin cinn
amon
ging
er m
ustard
cyminum
Zingiber
includ
ed in the no
rmal and
and tam
arind in induc
ed hyp
er-
officinale
hype
rcho
lesterolem
ia-ind
ucing
diet at
cholesterolemic rats N
ahru
ng 199
1ab
out five
fold normal human
intak
e35
(1)4
7ndash51
leve
lCinnamomum
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
liver
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
zeylanicum
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
microsomal cytochrom
e P450-de
pend
ent
of spices and
spice princ
iples on
cyminum
Ferula
aryl hyd
roxy
lase Cum
inum
cyminum
he
patic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
foetida Tamarindus
Zingiber officinale
and Trigonella
system
in rats Ind
ian J Bioch
em
indica Trigonella
foenum
-graecum
also stimulated
the
lev
els
Bioph
ys 198926
(4)2
54ndash2
58
foenum
-graecum
of cytoc
hrom
e P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
Zingiber officinale
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Clitoria ternateaL
Alcoh
olic extract of
Rod
ents
No ab
stract ava
ilable
Kulkarni C
et al Effect of alcoh
olic
LEGUMIN
OSA
EClitoria ternatea
extract of Clitoria ternateaLinn on
Apa
rajita
central ne
rvou
s sy
stem
in rode
nts
Butterfly pea
Indian
J E
xp Biol 1
98826(12)957ndash960
Cocos nucifera
L
Hem
icellulose and
Rats
The
results indicate that hem
icellulose
Sind
hurani JA R
ajam
ohan
T Hyp
o-PALMAE
cellu
lose fiber from
rich
fiber from Cocos nucifera sho
wed
lip
idem
ic effect of hem
icellulose
Narikela
Cocos nucifera
a decrease co
ncen
tration of total
compon
ent of coc
onut fiber Indian
Cocon
ut plant
cholesterol LDL and
VLDL and
JExp
Biol 19
9836(8)786
ndash789
an
inc
rease in H
DL w
hile cellulose
rich
Cocos nucifera
fibe
r sh
owed
no
sign
ifican
t alteration
Cocos nucifera
Coc
onut ke
rnal
Animals
Coc
onut kerna
l thus reduc
ed the
Nalini N e
t al H
istopatho
logical
mutage
nic an
d carcino
genic effect of
and lipid cha
nges in ex
perim
ental
chili and
12-dim
ethy
lhyd
razine
co
lon canc
er effect of co
conu
t resp
ective
ly
kern
al (Cocos nucifera
Linn)
and (Capsicum annum
Linn) red
chili pow
der Ind
ian J Ex
p Biol
1997
35(9)964
ndash971
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
435
(continued)
Cocos nucifera
Coc
onut an
d cocon
ut oil
Clin
ical Trial
Con
sumption
of coco
nut or coc
onut
Kum
ar PD T
he role of coc
onut and
32
coron
ary
oil was fou
nd to be
sim
ilar in both
coco
nut oil in coron
ary he
art
heart
grou
ps The
group
s did not differ in
disease in Kerala sou
th Ind
ia
disea
sethe fat saturated fat and
cho
lesterol
Trop D
oct 19
9727(4)215
ndash217
pa
tien
ts and
cons
umption The
result im
ply no
16 m
atch
edsp
ecific role for coco
nut or coc
onut
healthy
oil in the
cau
sation
of co
rona
ry hea
rtco
ntrols
disease in this set of patients
Cocos nucifera
Diet cons
ists of tube
rs
Human
o-3 fatty acids an
d linoleic acid sho
wed
Lind
eberg S et al L
ipop
rotein
fruit c
ocon
ut fish
and
Trial 15
1poten
tially ben
eficial effect w
ith lip
o-
composition an
d serum
cho
leserol
vege
tables w
ith a
subs
istenc
ean
d apolipo-pr
oteins
Relations
of
ester fatty acids in non
western
ized
negligible influen
ce of
horticultur-
palmitic acid to seru
m lipids may
be
Melan
esians
Lipids 19
9631(2)
western foo
d and
alists 20
ndash86
explained
in term
s of end
ogen
ous fat
153ndash
158
alcoho
lye
ars
synthe
sis at a low
-fat intak
e rathe
r than
reflecting its relative
intak
eCocos nucifera
Source of m
onou
nsatur
ated
Rab
bits
The
se findings
do no
t su
pport the view
Nielsen
LB et al Rep
lacemen
t of
fatty acids oliv
e oil
that rep
lacemen
t of dietary saturated
dietary saturated fat w
ith mon
o-So
urce of saturated fatty
fat with olive oil ha
s a major impact on
uns
aturated fat effect on
acids butter Exp
t A lard
the dev
elop
men
t of atherosclerosis in
athe
roge
nesis in cho
lesterol-fed
Exp
t B c
ocon
ut oil Ex
pt C
ad
dition to tha
t acco
unted for by
rabb
its clam
ped at the same
and butter or lard
Exp
t D
chan
ges in plasm
a ch
olesterol leve
ls
plasm
a ch
olesterol leve
l Br J
Nutr 199
574
(4)5
09ndash5
21
Cocos nucifera
Low
-fat cho
w diet or
Rats
Whe
reas saturated fatty acids are
Isen
see H Jacob
R D
ifferential
one en
rich
ed w
ith 10
proarrh
ythm
ic d
iets enr
iche
d w
ith n-
effects of various oil diets on
hydroge
nated coc
onut
6 or n-3 polyu
nsatur
ated
fatty acids
the risk
of card
iac arrhythm
ias
oil co
rn oil linseed
oil
both exe
rt antiarrhy
thmic effects
in rats JCardiova
sc R
isk 19
94
or sardine oil
1(4)353
ndash359
Cocos nucifera
Hyd
roge
nated coc
onut
Rats
Com
pared w
ith rats fed
hyd
roge
nated
Bouzian
e M et al Cha
nges in fatty
oil an
d salm
on oil
coconu
t oil diets those fed salmon
oil
acid com
position
s of total serum
diets had
enh
anced LDL-H
DL1 an
dan
d lip
oprotein particles in
HDL2-3 bu
t lower V
LDL total
grow
ing rats given
protein-
apolipop
roteins
diets deficient w
ith either
hydroge
nated coc
onut or salmon
oils as fat sources B
r J Nutr 1994
71(3)3
75ndash3
87
Cocos nucifera
Cocos nucifera
pollen
Clin
ical Trial
The
clin
ical status of the
patients
Karmak
ar PR et al Placebo
-ex
tract im
mun
othe
rapy
96 patients
mea
sured by the symptom
-med
ication
controlle
d immuno
therap
y with
(CPE
-IT)
allergic to
scores dem
onstrated tha
t Cocos
Cocos nucifera
pollen ex
tract Int
Cocos nucifera
nucifera
polle
n-allergic patients ha
dArch Alle
rgy Im
muno
l 19
94103
(2)
polle
nsign
ifican
t (p
000
5) clin
ical
194ndash
201
improve
men
t after CPE-IT com
pared
to placebo
treatmen
tCocos nucifera
200 g co
nsumed
12 or
Rats
The
re w
ere no
differenc
es amon
gSa
tchithan
andam
S et al Coc
onut oil
24 sesam
e oil or
grou
ps in the distribution of
and sesame oil affect lym
pha
tic
coconu
t oil diets or a
cholesterol an
d oleic acid eithe
r in the
absorp
tion
of ch
olesterol an
d fatty
control diet (14
corn
lymph
lipop
roteins or in the lip
idacids in rats J N
utr 199
312
3(11
)oil) ad libitum for 4
classes
1852
ndash185
8weeks
436
Cocos nucifera
You
ng coc
onut water
Hum
an trial
You
ng coc
onut w
ater can
be us
ed w
ith
Adam
s W
Bratt D
E Y
oung
coc
onut
early refeed
ing as a hom
e gluco
se
water for hom
e rehy
dration
in
electrolyte oral reh
ydration
solution
ch
ildren with mild
gastroe
nteritis
in early stage
s of m
ild diarrhe
al
Trop G
eogr M
ed 199
244
(1ndash2
)disea
se It sho
uld not be used in
149ndash
153
patients with seve
re cho
lera or w
ith
thos
e who
are deh
ydrated and
or
in w
hom ren
al fun
ction is impaired
Cordia myxaL
Petroleum ether and
Rats
Results obtaine
d sho
wed
extracts ha
ve a
Ficarra R et al Lea
f extracts of some
BORAGIN
ACEAE
alco
hol extracts of
sign
ifican
t an
alge
sic antiin
flam
matory
Cordiasp
ecies ana
lgesic and
anti-
Sleshm
atak
aCordia francisci Cordia
and antiarthr
itic activity in the
rat
inflam
matory activities as well as
Sebe
sten
plum
myxaan
d Cordia
their ch
romatog
raph
ic ana
lysis
serratifolia
leav
esFa
rmaco 19
9550(4)245
ndash256
Coriandrum
Plants include
leav
es of
Mice
Treatmen
t with Agrimonia eupatoria
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Tradition
al
sativum
L
Agrimonia eupatoria
Medicago sativa Coriandrum sativum
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
UMBELLIFERAE
Alchemilla vulgaris
Eucalyptus globulus
and Juniperus
Studies in normal and
Dha
nyak
abu
lbs of Allium
sativum
communis
reduced the
lev
el of hy
per-
streptozo
tocin diabe
tic mice
Coriand
erChelidonium majus
glyc
emia during
dev
elop
men
t of
Diabe
tologia 19
9033(8)462
ndash464
Convallaria majalis
streptozo
tocin diabe
tes in m
ice This
seed
s of Coriandrum
was associated w
ith reduc
edsativum Eucalyptus
polyd
ipsia (excep
t Coriandrum
globulusroo
ts of
sativum) an
d a red
uced
rate of w
eigh
tGlycyrrhiza glabra
loss (ex
cept Agrimonia eupatoria)
dried
berries of
Juniperus communis
Medicago sativa Rubus
fraticosus
Crocus sativusL
Liposom
e en
caps
ulation
Mice
Saffron effectively en
hanc
edNair SC
et al Effect of saffron
on
IRID
ACEAE
of saffron
antitumor activity towards
Sarco
ma-
thym
ocyte proliferation intra-
Kum
kana
180 an
d Ehr
lich ascites carcinom
acellu
lar glutathion
e leve
ls and
its
Saffron
solid
tum
ors Significant inh
ibition in
anti-tum
or activity Biofactors 19
92
the grow
th of these tumors was
4(1)51ndash
54
observed
com
pared
with co
ntrols
Crocus sativus
Top
ical application of
Mice
Top
ical app
lication inhibited 2-stage
Salomi MJ et al Inhibitory effects
Crocus sativusan
dinitiation
prom
otion sk
inof Nigella sativaan
d saffron
Nigella sativaex
tracts
carcinog
enesis O
ral ad
ministration
(Crocus sativus) on ch
emical
Crocus sativa Oral dose
restricted
tum
or inc
iden
ce to 10
carcinog
enesis in mice N
utrition
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
437
(continued)
of 100
mg
kg w
eigh
t IP
compared
with 10
0 in 20
-Can
cer 19
9116(1)67ndash
72
dose Nigella sativaIP
methy
lcho
lanthr
ene (M
CA)-treated
100 mg
kg w
eigh
tco
ntrols Both Nigella sativaan
dCrocus sativusrestricted
tumor
inciden
ce to 33
3 and
10
resp
ective
ly c
ompared
with 10
0 in
MCA-treated
con
trols
Crocus sativus
Saffron ex
tracted w
ith
Mice
Oral ad
ministration of saffron
Nair SC
et al Antitum
or activity of
etha
nol (95
) an
dincrea
sed the
lifespa
n of sarco
ma-
saffron (Crocus sativus) Can
cer
purified
Dose of
180 Ehrlic
h ascites Carcino
ma an
dLett 19
91157(2)109
ndash114
20
0 mg
kg w
eigh
tDaltonrsquos lympho
ma ascites tumor
bearing mice to 111
83
5 a
nd11
25
respe
ctively
Cum
inum
Allium
cepa Allium
27 healthy
Tolbu
tamide Cucurbita ficifolia
Rom
an R
R e
t al Antihyp
erglyc
emic
cyminum
L
sativa Brassica
rabb
its
Phaseolus vulgaris Opuntia
effect of some ed
ible plants
UMBEL
LIFERAE
oleracea Cucurbita
streptacantha Spinacea oleracea
JEthno
pha
rm 199548
(1)2
5ndash32
Jeerak
aficifolia Cum
inum
Cucum
is sativusan
d Cum
inum
Cum
in seed
cyminum
Cucum
iscyminum
decreased significantly the
sativus Lactuca sativa
area und
er the
gluco
se toleran
ce curve
Opuntia streptacantha
and the
hyp
erglyc
emic pea
k Brassica
Phaseolus vulgaris
oleracea Allium
cepaan
d Allium
Psidum guajava
sativum
only decreased
the
Spinacea oleracea
hype
rglycemic pea
k The
glycemic
decreases cau
sed by Psidum guajava
Brassica oleracea
and Lactuca sativa
were no
t sign
ifican
tCum
inum
cyminum
Rats fed for 8 w
eeks
the
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K Srinivasan
K Influe
nce of
follo
wing plan
ts
principles w
ere ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or their active
Brassicasp
ecies
possible influen
ce on the digestive
principles on digestive
enz
ymes
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
uco
sa Dietary
of small intestinal m
uco
sa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcum
in caps
aicin piperine an
dInt J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash
59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprominen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
Trigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetidabrou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
phos
phatases and
sucrase The
positive
influen
ces of a goo
d num
ber
of spices on
terminal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
addition
al feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
438
Cum
inum
cyminum
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
dCum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
rats
sanctum
leav
es Papaver somnifera
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
seed
s sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian plan
t produc
ts Fo
od C
hem
asafoetida Ocimum
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to be
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
sanctum Moringa
valuab
le anticarcino
gens
oleifera Papaver
somniferaPiper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants did not sho
w any
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Effect of
zeylanica Cum
inum
cholesterol decreasing effect w
hen
cumin c
inna
mon
ginge
r m
ustard
cyminum
Zingiber
included
in the no
rmal and
and tam
arind in induced hyp
er-
officinale
hyperch
olesterolemia-ind
ucing diet at
cholesterolemic rats N
ahru
ng 199
1ab
out five
fold normal human
intak
e35
(1)4
7ndash51
leve
lCum
inum
cyminum
Two capsu
les of 450 m
g20
case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a
each
Coccinia indica
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mean
composite he
rbal dru
g in the
Cum
inum
cyminum
mellitus
bloo
d suga
r va
lues
trea
tmen
t of D
iabe
tes mellitus
Eugenia jambolana Gymnema
(Mad
humeh
a) A
ryav
aidya
n sylvestre Momordica
1991
5(1)3
6ndash46
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Cum
inum
cyminum
Cumin seeds
Swiss mice
Cum
in seeds increa
sed the
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
glutathion
e-S-tran
sferase activity by
Plan
t products as protective ag
ents
more than
78
in stom
ach liver and
agains
t canc
er Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
esop
hagu
s high en
ough
to be
1990
28(11
)100
8ndash10
11
cons
idered
protective ag
ents aga
inst
carcinog
enesis Glutathione
lev
els
were also significantly inc
reased
in
the three tissue
s
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
439
(continued)
Cum
inum
cyminum
Spice pr
inciples c
apsaicin
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Influen
ce
curcumin p
iperine
liver m
icrosomal cytochr
ome P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
Plan
ts Brassica
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepa
tic mixed
fun
ction ox
ygen
ase
Cinnamomum
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
Cum
inum
cyminum
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 1989
26(4)254
ndash258
Ferula foetida Tamarindus
graecum
also stimulated the
lev
els of
indica Trigonella
cytoch
rome P450 an
d b5 Cum
inum
foenum
-graecum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
Zingiber officinale
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Cum
inum
cyminum
Petroleum ether
Female
The
alcoh
olic extract of Cum
inum
Garg SK
Antifertility screen
ing of
alcoho
l an
d aqu
eous
albino
rats
cyminum
seed
s sh
owed
100
plantsmdash
Effect of fou
r indigen
ous
extracts of cu
min seeds
antifertility effect at a dose of 150
plants of early pregn
ancy
in female
mg
kg
albino
rats Ind
ian JM
ed R
es
1976
64(8)113
3ndash11
35
Cum
inum
cyminum
Cum
inum
cyminum
and
Matur
eCum
inum
cyminum
has a proliferative
Agraw
alaa
IP e
t al Galactogo
gue
Nigella sativapo
wders
female
action
on the brea
st tissu
e bu
t no
action
of Cum
inum
cyminum
and
albino
rats
galactog
ogue
(increa
se in milk
yield
Nigella sativa Ind
JMed
Res 196
8of lactating
mothe
r) action
56(8)8
41ndash8
44
Curcuma longaL
Hyd
roch
loric acid
Human
trial
A significant decrease in the
lev
els of
Ram
irez
-Bos
ca A
et al Antioxidan
t ZIN
GIBERACEAE
extracts of Curcuma
health
serum lipid perox
ides w
as
curcum
a ex
tracts decrease the
Haridra
longa Equ
ivalen
t daily
human
sdem
onstrated
bloo
d lipid perox
ide leve
ls of
Turm
eric
dose of 20 mg cu
rcumin
human
subjects A
ge 199
518
(4)
167ndash
169
Curcuma longa
Rats fed for 8 weeks the
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
follo
wing plan
ts
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or their active
Brassica sp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
ucosa D
ietary
of small intestinal m
uco
sa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcum
in capsaicin p
iperine an
dInt J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash
59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprominen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
Trigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetida
brou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
pho
spha
tases an
d sucrase The
positive influen
ces of a goo
d numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
440
Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa15 g
day
Clin
ical trial
Curcuma longasign
ifican
tly redu
ced
Kalpa
gam P et al Effect of turm
eric
for 30
day
ssm
okers
urina
ry excretion
of mutage
ns in
on urina
ry m
utage
ns in sm
okers
nons
mok
ers
smok
ers In no
n-sm
okers there was
Mutag
enesis 199
27(2)107
ndash109
as con
trols
no cha
nge
Curcuma longa
Ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Tox
icities studies were don
e N
oQuresh
i S et al Tox
icity stud
ies on
rhizom
es of Alpinia
sign
ifican
t mortality co
mpared
to
Alpinia galanga
and Curcuma longa
galangaan
d Curcuma
controls w
as noted
The
gain in
Planta Med
199
258
(2)1
24ndash1
27
longa
Acu
te dos
ages
weigh
ts of sexu
al organ
s an
d05 10 an
d 3 gkg
bod
yincrea
sed spe
rm m
otility and
spe
rmweigh
t Chron
ic dosag
ecounts were ob
served
in bo
th group
s10
0 mg
kg per day
The
se cha
nges w
ere high
ly significant
in the
Alpinia galanga-treated
group
Both ex
tracts failed to sh
ow any
spermatotox
ic effects
Curcuma longa
Azadirachta indicaan
dPilo
t stud
yIn 97
of the scab
ies cases a cur
eCha
rles V
Cha
rles SX T
he use and
Curcuma longapa
ste
814 patients
was obtaine
d w
ithin 3ndash
15 day
s of
efficacy
of Azadirachta indicaADR
with scab
ies
trea
tmen
t(lsquoNeemrsquo) and
Curcuma longa
(lsquoTurm
ericrsquo) in scab
ies A
pilo
tstudy Trop Geo
gr M
ed 199
244
17
8ndash18
1Curcuma longa
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
d rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Siva
ramak
rish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
sanctum
leav
es Papaver somnifera
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
seed
s sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian plant products Foo
d C
hem
asafoetida O
cimum
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to be
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
sanctum M
oringa
valuab
le anticarcino
gens
oleifera Papaver
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Curcuma longa
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Osteo
arthritis patients were rand
omly
Kulkarni R
R e
t al Treatmen
t of
450 mg Boswellia
placeb
o-allocated to receive the placebo
or the
osteoa
rthr
itis w
ith a he
rbal
serrataOleo gu
m resin
controlle
dhe
rbom
ineral formulation
Aform
ulation
a dou
ble-blind
100 mg Curcuma longa
trial 42
sign
ifican
t drop was noted
in the
placebo
-con
trolled c
ross-ove
r rhizom
e 50
mg and
pa
tien
tsseve
rity of pain (p
000
1) and
study JEthno
pha
rm 199
133
(1ndash2
)zinc
com
plex 50 mg
disab
ility sco
re (p
005
)91
ndash95
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
441
(continued)
Curcuma longa
Spice pr
inciples
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Influen
ce
capsaicin cu
rcum
in
liver m
icrosomal cytochr
ome P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
piperine Plants
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepa
tic mixed
fun
ction ox
ygen
ase
Brassica Cinnamomum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian J Bioch
em
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 1989
26(4)254
ndash258
cyminum
Ferula
graecum
also stimulatd the
lev
els of
foetida Tamarindus
cytoch
rome P450 an
d b5 Cum
inum
indica Trigonella
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
foenum
-graecum
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Zingiber officinale
Curcuma longa
50 extract of Curcuma
Rats
The
extracts increased H
DL-total
Dixit V
P e
t al Hyp
olipidaemic
longaan
d Nardostachys
cholesterol ratio an
d also caus
ed a
effects of Curcuma LongaL and
jatamansi
(who
le plant)
sign
ifican
t decrease in the
ratio of
Nardostachys jatamansi D
C in
total ch
olesterolpho
spho
lipid
triton
-ind
uced
hyp
erlip
idae
mic
Curcuma longaex
hibited better
rats Ind
ian JP
hysiol Pha
rmacol
cholesterol an
d triglyc
eride
1988
32(4)299
ndash304
decreasing activity tha
n Nardostachys
jatamansi
Curcuma longa
Ethan
olic extract
Human
trial
A decrease in smell (90
) an
d in
Kuttan R e
t al T
urm
eric and
Curcuma longaan
d an
62 patients
itch
ing in alm
ost all cases was noted
cu
rcumin as topical ag
ents in canc
er
ointmen
t of curcumin
with
Dry lesions
were ob
served
in 70
therap
y Tumori 19
877329
ndash31
extern
alan
d 10
had
a decrease in lesion size
canc
erou
san
d pain
lesion
sCurcuma longa
1-phe
nyl-1-hy
drox
y-N-
Human
and
Both plasm
a an
d secretin co
ncen
tration
Che
w W
Y e
t al Effect of
pentan
e a syn
thetic
anim
al trial
and pan
crea
tic bicarbon
ate ou
tput
1-phe
nylpen
tano
l on
release of
derivative of Curcuma
Fasting dog
sincrea
sed significantly S
ugg
ests usage
secretin and
exo
crine pa
ncreatic
longa
and human
sfor su
bjects w
ith achlorhy
dria sev
ere
secretion in dog
s an
d human
shy
posecretory state or total
Gastroe
nterolog
y 19
8384(6)
gastrectom
y15
78ndash1
584
Curcuma zedoaria
Seve
n isolated
com
pou
nds
Mice
Extracts significantly inh
ibited
stress
Watan
abe K et al Antiulcer activity
(Christm
) Rosco
efrom
8 Curcuma zedoaria
ulcer formation in restraine
d and
of extracts an
d isolated com
pou
nds
ZIN
GIBERACEAE
extracts Oral an
dwater-immersed m
ice Sugg
ests a
from
zed
oary (ga
jutsu) cu
ltivated
Sh
ati
subc
utane
ous
poten
t inhibition
of acute
in Y
akush
ima (Jap
an) Yak
uga
ku
Rou
nd zed
oary
administration
experim
ental ga
stric ulcers
Zassh
i 19
86106
(12)113
7ndash11
42
Curcuma zedoaria
Pow
der from dried
Mice rats
Powder significantly inh
ibited
the
Hatsu
yo M
et al Pha
rmacolog
ical
subterrane
an stem
intestinal trans
it of ch
arco
al in mice
effects of the
pow
der from
Curcuma zedoariaOral
and significantly inc
reased
the
bile
Curcuma zedoaria R
osco
e on
the
ad
ministration of the
secretion in rats an
d slig
htly inh
ibited
gastro-intestina
l tract of exp
eri-
powder
the stom
ach secretion in rats
men
tal an
imals Y
akuga
ku Z
assh
i 19
84104
(6)6
40ndash6
43
Curcuma zedoaria
Flou
r prep
ared
from
Rats chick
sThe
high-protein flour prove
d highly
Latif MA e
t al T
oxicity of sho
ti
rhizom
es of Curcuma
toxic to 5-w
eek-old rats an
d cau
sed
(Ind
ian arrowroot Curcuma
zedoaria
100
mortality within 6 day
s whe
nzedoaria) for rats and
chick
s
442
give
n 32
0 g
kg diet
Br JN
utr 197
941
(1)5
7ndash63
Cyperus rotundus L
Xiao W
ei Y
an Pow
der
Ran
dom
ized
After 2ndash4
mon
ths ad
ministration total
Liu X
R et al Treatmen
t of intestina
l CYPER
ACEAE
Mixture of seve
ral he
rbs
controlle
deffective rate of intestinal m
etap
lasia
metap
lasia an
d atypical hyp
erplasia
Mus
taka
including Bletilla
trial 13
8an
d atypical hy
perplasia was 913
of gastric m
ucosa with xiao
wei
Nutgrass
striata Caesalpinia
with
and 9216 r
espe
ctively The
yan po
wder [Chine
se] Chu
ng-K
uosappan Cyperus
intestinal
placebo
groups were 21
3 and
Chu
ng H
si i C
hieh
Ho Tsa C
hih
rotundus Glycyrrhiza
metap
lasia
1446
resp
ective
ly Animal
1992
12(10
)580
60
2ndash60
3oralensis Hedyotis
104 with
expe
rimen
ts rev
ealed no toxic side
diffusae Paeonia alba
atyp
ical
effect
Smilax glabrae
hype
rplasia
Taraxacum
mongolicum
Oral dose 5ndash
6 g tid
Cyperus rotundus
b-sitosterol IP
dos
e 160
Rats m
ice
b-sitosterol was fou
nd to possess
Gupta MB e
t al Anti-inflam
matory
and 320
mg
kgpoten
t an
ti-inflammatory activity
and antipyretic activities of
oral dose 32
0 mg
kg
simila
r to hyd
roco
rtison
e an
db-sitosterol JM
ed Plant R
es
Carrage
enan
-ind
uced
oxyp
hen-bu
tazo
ne b
-sitosterol was
1980
3915
7ndash16
3ed
ema cotton pe
llet
also orally
effective
aga
inst ind
uced
implan
t an
d Brewerrsquos
edem
a an
d po
ssessed antipyretic
yeast induced pyrex
ia in
activity sim
ilar to acetyl-salic
yclic
rats
acid
Datura metel
L
Datura seed extract
Albino rats
Treatmen
t caused an increase in activity
Hasan
SS K
ush
wah
a AKS C
hron
ic
SOLANACEAE
12 mg
kg IP
of brain lipid perox
idase an
d catalase
effect of Datura seed extract on the
Dha
ttura
Datur
a caused a decrease in the
activity
brain of albino rats Jap
an J
Tho
rnap
ple
of f-dipho
spha
te aldolase an
d g-6-
Pha
rmacol 198
744
1ndash6
pho
spha
te deh
ydroge
nase enz
yme that
are related w
ith gluc
ose metab
olism
Daucus carota
L
Petroleum ether extract
Mice
The
extract arrested the
normal estru
sMajum
der PK et al Anti-steroidal
UMBELLIFERAE
and fraction 5 (fatty
cycle an
d cau
sed a significant
activity of the petroleum ether
Garija
raacids) of carrot seeds
decrease in the
weigh
t of ova
ries
extract an
d fraction 5 (fatty acids)
Carrot
Cho
lesterol and
ascorbic acid con
tent
of carrot (Daucus carota
L) seed
s in ova
ries w
ere sign
ifican
tly increa
sed
in m
ouse ova
ry JE
thno
pharm
due to the
treatmen
t with ex
tract an
d19
9757(3)209
ndash212
fraction
5 (fatty acids) of carrot seeds
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
443
(continued)
Daucus carota
Carrot co
nsum
ption
Hos
pital-
Dietary intak
e an
d m
esothe
lioma
Muscat JE H
unc
harek M Dietary
based case-
inciden
ce w
as studied The
results
intake
and
the
risk of m
aligna
nt
controlle
dsu
pport the hy
pothe
sis that pro-
mesothe
lioma Br J Can
cer 19
96
trial 94
with
vitamin A
or
b-caroten
e-co
ntaining
73(9)1
122ndash
1125
maligna
ntfruits an
d veg
etab
les may
decrease
mesothe
lioma
mesothe
lioma
and 64
controls
Daucus carota
Carrot ex
tract
Mice
Pretreatmen
t with carrot extract on
Bish
ayee A
et al Hep
atop
rotective
carbon
tetrach
loride-induc
ed acu
teactivity of carrot (Daucus carota
L)
liver dam
aged
mice decreased
agains
t carbon
tetrach
loride
increa
sed serum enz
ymes lev
els
intoxication
in mou
se liver J
sign
ifican
tly
Ethno
pha
rm 199
547
(2)6
9ndash74
Daucus carota
Vitam
in-free drink
for 3
Human
trial
Vitam
in-rich food
supplem
ents
Abb
ey M
et al Dietary
weeks
the
n vitamin-rich
15 normo-
sign
ifican
tly increa
sed plasm
a leve
lssu
pplemen
tation
with oran
ge and
drink
of oran
ge ju
ice
lipidem
icof beta carotene
Malon
dialdeh
yde
carrot ju
ice in cigarette smok
ers
(145
mg vitamin C
) an
dciga
rette
one en
d product of ox
idation w
aslowers ox
idation products in
carrot ju
ice (16 mg
b-
smok
ers
sign
ifican
tly lower in co
pper-oxidized
coppe
r-ox
idized
low
-den
sity
carotene
)with no
LDL after vitam
in supp
lemen
tation
lip
oproteins JAm D
iet Assoc
vitamin
1995
95(6)671
ndash675
su
pplem
ents
Daucus carota
Carrot co
nsum
ption
Case-co
ntrol
Risk of vulva
r canc
er w
as inv
ersely
Parazz
ini F et al Se
lected
foo
d
trial
related to green ve
getables and
carrot
intake
and
risk of vulvar can
cer
cons
umption D
ata indicated
the
risk
Can
cer 19
95176(11
)229
1ndash22
96
of vulvar can
cer was related
to a
numbe
r of nutritiona
l an
d dietary
factors
Daucus carota
Water green pep
per
Con
trolled
After con
sumption of a diet low in
Helser MA e
t al Influen
ce of fruit an
dpine
apple tom
ato
clinical trial
nitrate an
d ascorbic acid (18
day
s)
vege
table juices on the en
dog
enou
sstrawbe
rry carrot an
d16
men
Carrot sign
ifican
tly inhibited N
-form
ation of N
-nitrosoprolin
ecelery ju
ices 4
6nitrosop
rolin
e form
ation relative
to
and N-nitroso
thiazo
lidine-4-
mg pe
r 10
0 mL in ascorbic
controls Results dem
onstrated that
carbox
ylic acid in hu
man
s on
acid by ad
dition of
carrot ju
ice ha
s ab
ility to inhibit
controlle
d diets Carcino
gene
sis
distille
d w
ater or
endog
enou
s nitrosation than
wou
ld be
1992
13(12
)227
7ndash22
80
ascorbate
expected based
solely on
ascorba
teco
nten
tDaucus carota
Carrots and
Raphanus
Human
trial
Con
sumption
of plant products
Sivu
k AK Effect of plant produc
ts of
sativustops
75 g
d for
(rad
ish an
d carrot tops
) for as lon
g as
nutrition (rad
ish an
d carrot tops
) as lon
g as 28 day
s28
day
s did not produce any
adve
rse
on various
ind
icators of
chan
ges in protein fat an
dmetab
olism in hu
man
s [R
ussian
] carboh
ydrate m
etab
olic param
eters
Kos
m Biol Aviak
osm M
ed 198
9ex
amined
23
(2)5
6ndash59
444
Daucus carota
Twelve
plants used for
Mice
Of the 12
plants Agaricus bisporus
and Ilex
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Glycemic
the trad
itiona
l treatm
ent
guayusash
owed
poten
tial antidiabe
tic
effects of traditiona
l Eur
opea
n of diabe
tes ad
ministered
effect
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
as decoction
s or
Studies in normal and
infusion
s for 28 day
sstreptozo
tocin diabe
tic mice
Agaricus bisporus
Diabe
tes Res 198
910
(2)6
9ndash73
Anacardium
occidentale Arctum
lappa Catharanthus
roseus D
aucus carota
Hum
ulus lupulus Ilex
guayusa Salvia
officinale Sambucus
nigra Taraxacum
officinale Trigonella
foenum
-graecum
Urtica
dioica
Dolichos biflorus L
Lectins
Arachis
Con
trolled
Dolichos biflorus Glycine max
Maz
umdar S e
t al Bind
ing pa
ttern
LEGUMIN
OSA
Ehypogaea Dolichos
human
trial
Lotus tetragonolobus Ricinus
of eight different lectins
in he
althy
Kulitha
biflorus Glycine max
11 w
ith
communis Ulex europaeussh
owed
subjects and
patients with
Horse gram
Lotus tetragonolobus
norm
al oral
very stron
g to stron
g bind
ing in
dys
plastic an
d m
aligna
nt lesions
of
Ricinus communis Ulex
muco
sa
healthy oral m
ucosa bu
t no
or ve
rythe oral cav
ity Int J O
ral
europaeus
conc
anav
alin
5 with
wea
k bind
ing in squ
amou
s cell
Max
illofacial Su
rg 199
322
(5)
A w
heat germ
leuk
oplakia
carcinom
a O
ther lectins
inv
estiga
ted
301ndash
305
with
may
be us
ed as probe
s to determine
dysplasia
the dys
plastic and
maligna
nt status of
12 w
ith oral
the oral m
ucosal ep
ithe
lium
muco
sal
squa
mou
scell
carcinom
aDolichos biflorus
Varying
extracts of
Female
All the plan
ts sho
wed
marke
d but
Prak
ash AO e
t al Anti-
Acrostichum
aureum
albino
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
implantation activity of some
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implantation activity
indigen
ous plants in rats A
cta
Citrulus colocynthus
Eur Fe
rtil 19
8516(6)441
ndash448
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
445
(continued)
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipiticus Ruta
graveolens
Eclipta alba(L)
Eclipta alba Ocimum
sanctum
Hyp
erglyc
emic
The
herba
l form
ulation ha
d little
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
Hassk
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rats
effect on bloo
d suga
r co
ncen
trations
Trasina
an
Ayu
rved
ic herba
l COMPO
SITAE
Tinospora cordifolia
but doses ind
uced
a dose-related
form
ulation
on pan
crea
tic islet
Bhr
inga
raj
Withania somnifera
decrease in strep
tozo
tocin (STZ)
supe
roxide dismutase activity in
Bhr
inga
raj
Doses 100 200
mg
kg
hype
rglycemia and
atten
uation
of
hype
rglycemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
PO 1
3 per day
for
SZT ind
uced
a decrease in islet
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
28 day
ssu
peroxide dismutase activity in
euglyc
emic rats
Eclipta alba
Ethan
olwater (1
1)Rats
Eclipta albasign
ifican
tly co
unteracted
Saxena
AK e
t al H
epatop
rotective
extract of Eclipta alba
induc
ed inh
ibition of the
hep
atic
effects of Eclipta albaon
sub
cellu
lar
microsomal dru
g metab
olizing en
zyme
leve
ls in rats J
Ethno
pha
rmam
idop
yrine N-dem
ethy
lase and
19
9340(3)155
ndash161
mem
bran
e bo
und G
-6-pho
spha
tase
Eclipta alba
1 caps
ule 3
3pe
r day
30 patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
composite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs o
n containing
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus
50 m
gur
eters or
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata10
0 mg
blad
ders
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
Eclipta alba100 mg
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
Myristica fragrans 10 mg
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
Tinospora cordifolia
100 mg
grea
ter than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
Tribulus terrestris
50 m
g
Withania somnifera
50 m
gEclipta alba
Eclipta albaair dried
and
Rats
Eclipta albawas fou
nd to co
unteract
Cha
ndra T et al Effect of Eclipta alba
powdered
Oral dose
an inc
rease of liver w
eigh
t he
patic
on inflammation an
d liv
er injury
of pow
der of 50
0 1000
lipid perox
idation liver g-glutamyl
Fitoterapia 198
7LVIII(1)23ndash
32
and 150
0 mg
kg per day
tran
spep
tidase serum alanine
tran
sferase activities an
d serum
alan
ine pho
spha
tase Impaired
seru
m A
G ratio in induced C
CL4
hepatic intox
ication was normalized
by treatmen
t Eclipta albash
owed
anti-inflammatory activity
446
Elephantopus
Water extracts derived
Rats with
After treatmen
t with crude ex
tract
Lin C
C e
t al The
eva
luation of
scaber
L
from
the
entire plan
ts of
induc
edresu
lts indicated
tha
t the seru
mhe
patop
rotective effects of Taiwan
COMPOSITAE
Elephantopus scaber
acute
glutamate-ox
alate-tran
saminase leve
lsfolk m
edicine lsquoTen
g-Kha
i-Ursquo
Gojihiva
Elephantopus mollis
hepa
tic
caus
ed b-D-galactosamine an
dJ Ethno
pha
rm 199
545
(2)1
13ndash1
23
Prick
ly lea
ves
and Pseudoelephantopus
dam
age
acetom
inop
hen to d
ecrease
spicatus
sign
ifican
tly
Elephantopus
Decoction
of dried
Male W
istar
The
acu
te inc
rease of serum
Lin C
C e
t al The
pha
rmacolog
ical
scaber
Elephantopus scaber
albino
rats
tran
saminase can be
significantly
and patho
logical studies on
su
bspe
cies
with CCL4
reduced w
hen trea
ting
with
Taiwan
folk med
icine (V
I)
oblanceolata
induc
edElephantopus scaber H
epatic fatty
The
effects of Elephantopus scaber
Elephantopus mollis
and
hepa
totoxicity
metam
orph
osis and
necrosis of cen
tral
subsp oblanceolata E mollis
and
Pseudoelephantopus
lobu
le w
ere im
prove
d by treatm
ent
Pseudo-elephantopus spicatus
Am J
spicatus
Chine
se M
ed 199
1XIX
(1)4
1ndash50
Elephantopus
Aqu
eous an
dMice rats
Both ex
tracts ind
uced
writhing loss
Poli A e
t al Prelim
inary pha
rmaco-
scaber
hydroalco
holic
extracts
of m
uscle ton
e ataxia prostration
and
logic ev
aluation of cru
de who
le
of w
hole plant of
dea
th B
oth reduc
ed brewerrsquos yeast-
plant extracts of Elephantopus scaber
Elephantopus scaber
induc
ed hyp
erthem
ia but w
hen give
nPa
rt I in vivo
studies J Ethno
pharm
Dose 03ndash6 gkg
IP
orally did not affect it Aqu
eous
1992
3771
ndash76
extract reduced intestina
l tran
sit time
while the
hyd
roalco
holic
extract
increa
sed it Given
IV b
lood
pressure
and heart rate were reduced
Elephantopus
Elephantopus scaber
Con
trolled
To ev
aluate the po
tential diuretic
Laran
ja SM e
t al E
valuation of acu
te
scaber
75 g pe
r 10
0 mL and
A
human
effect of tw
o na
tural su
bstanc
es 1
0ad
ministration of natur
al produc
ts
speciosa
08 g per 100
mL
trial
volunteers and
the
effects w
ere
with po
tential diuretic effects in
10 hea
lthy
compared
to thos
e of a placebo
No
human
s M
emorias do Instituto
volunteers
effect on electrolytes or rena
l func
tion
Osw
aldo
Cruz 19
9186(Su
ppl 2)
and con
trols
param
eter w
as observe
d for
237ndash
240
Elephantopus scaber
Elettaria
Oil ex
tracted from
Male albino
Com
parative
study of seed ex
tract an
dal-Z
uhair H et al Pha
rmacolog
ical
cardamomum
(L)
Elettaria cardamomum
rats m
ice
indom
etha
cin ag
ains
t acute ind
uced
studies of cardam
om oil in animals
Maton
seed
s D
oses of 17
5 an
dplanter edem
a prove
d to be
marke
d
Pha
rmacol R
es 199
634
(1ndash2
)79ndash
82
ZIN
GIBERACEAE
280 mLkg
and
Extract produced 50
protection
Elach
hoti
indo
metha
cin 30
mg
kgag
ains
t the writhing induced by IP
Cardam
omad
ministration of a 002
solution
of
p-ben
zoqu
inon
e
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
447
(continued)
Elettaria
Cardam
om seeds
Mice
Each
extract w
as exa
mined
for
Oku
yama T e
t al Stud
ies on
can
cer
cardamomum
extracted with n-he
xane
an
titumor-promoting activity
bioc
hemop
reve
ntion of natur
al
ethy
l acetate an
dCardam
om seed w
as a highly po
tent
resources X 1
inhibitory effect
metha
nol
inhibitor of ind
uced m
ouse ear
of spices on TPA-enh
anced
edem
a3H
-cho
line inco
rporation in
pho
spho
lipids of C
3H10
T1
2cells
and
on TPA-ind
uced mou
seea
r ed
ema C
hine
se Pha
rmaceu
t J
1995
47(5)421
ndash430
Elettaria
Dried
pow
der m
ixture
Con
trolled human
All three cytoge
nic en
dpo
ints
Dav
e BJ C
ytog
enic studies rev
eal
cardamomum
containing
Areca
trial pa
n-dem
onstrated a statistically significant
increa
sed gen
omic dam
age am
ong
catechunu
t catech
uco
nsum
ing
increa
se amon
g the lsquopan
masalarsquo
lsquopan
masalarsquo con
sumers
lime Elettaria
and hea
lthy
cons
umers as com
pared
with the no
n-Mutage
nesis 19
916(2)1
59ndash1
63
cardamomum
and
nonc
onsu
ming
cons
uming co
ntrols
flav
oring ag
ents used in
controls
prep
aration of lsquopa
nrsquoEmbelia ribes
Embelia ribes Glycyrrhiza
Sing
le-blin
dEa
ch thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
Bru
m f
glabra Holarrhena
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plic
ations
of he
rbal formulation
s MYRSINACEAE
antidysenterica
compa
rative
mixtures Successful treatm
ents in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Vidan
gaNardostachys jatamansi
stud
y 49
grou
ps A
and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative
study
Vidan
gaPhyllanthus emblica
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
J Med
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Santalum
album
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Terminalia bellirica
adults with
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s T
heTerminalia chebula
mild
to
mecha
nism
s of action remain
Zingiber officinale
mod
erate
unk
nown
facial acn
eEmbelia ribes
Embe
lin (isolated
from
Male albino
rats
Whe
n em
belin
was administered to
Chitra M et al Protective action
of
dried
berries of Embelia
rats s
ignificant tum
or reg
ression an
dem
belin
aga
inst lipid perox
idation
ribes) 50 mg an
dprolong
ed sur
viva
l time was rev
ealed
on tum
our be
aring rats F
itoterap
ia
100 mg
kg per day
1994
65(4)317
ndash321
orally for 20 day
sEmbelia ribes
Cru
de pow
der m
ixture
75 patients
The
cure rate in group A
was 80
Sa
rma BP O
jha D T
he m
anag
emen
t of equ
al parts of
with va
riou
sgrou
p B treated
with meb
endaz
ole
of G
andupa
da krim
i (Ascaris
Ailanthus excelsa Butea
worm
was 92
an
d group C w
as 76
lumbricoides) w
ith indigen
ous dr
ugs
monosperma Embelia
infestations
Cur
e rate sho
wed
neg
ative Ascaris
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
70ndash1
72
ribes Erythrina indica
lumbricoidesov
a in the
stool rep
ort
Mallotus philippensis
for 3 co
nsecutive
day
sOrxylum
indicum
Embelia ribes
Oral ad
ministration of
Adult m
ale rats
Embe
lin administration caused a
Gupta S et al Effects of em
belin
a
embe
lin 75 mg
kg daily
sign
ifican
t increase in the uptak
e of
male an
tifertility age
nt o
n for 15
and
30 day
sD-gluco
se L
-alanine
L-leu
cine
and
absorp
tive
and
digestive
fun
ctions
calcium in sm
all intestine segm
ents
of rat intestine
JEthno
pha
rmThe
autho
rs sugg
ested tha
t em
belin
1991
3320
3ndash21
2works at the metab
olic lev
el on the
grow
th of intestines and
possibly the
numbe
r an
d divisions
of ep
ithe
lial
cells
448
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin administered
Male albino
rats
After administration significant
Gupta S et al R
eversible ch
ange
s in
subc
utan
eous
ly 20 mg
kg
impairm
ent in lipid m
etab
olism in
lipid m
etab
olism in testis and
or by ga
stric ga
vage
of
testis liv
er b
rain kidne
ys and
othe
r tissue
s induc
ed by em
belin
75
mg
kg for 15 or
chan
ges in liver func
tion
test
Fitope
rapia 19
90LXI(4)297ndash3
05
30 day
sparam
eters was noted
The
se results
may
exp
lain the
antifertility
anti-
spermatog
enic effects in an
imals
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin administered
Male albino
rats
Embe
lin rev
eals significant impairm
ent
Gupta S et al Inh
ibition of
subc
utan
eous
ly 20 mg
kg
in carbo
hydrate m
etab
olism in the
reproduc
tive
tissu
e carboh
ydrate
body weigh
t for 15 and
primary an
d secon
dary repr
oductive
metab
olism and
rev
ersibility of
30 day
stissues
the effects of embe
lin a
plant
benz
oquinon
e of antifertility
poten
tial F
itoterap
ia 199
0LXI(2)
133ndash
143
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin 20 mg
kg bod
yMale rats
Embe
lin cau
sed an increa
se in the up
take
Gupta S et al C
hang
es in gluc
ose
weigh
t pe
r day
daily for
of D-gluco
se L
-alanine
L-leu
cine
and
am
ino acidc
alcium uptak
e an
d
15 and
30 day
scalcium in the sm
all intestine
brus
h-bo
rder m
embran
e-associated
segm
ents T
reatmen
t also cau
sed a
enzy
mes in rat sm
all intestine after
sign
ifican
t increase in the microso
mal
the ad
ministration of embe
lin
g-6-ph
ospha
tase and
the
cytosolic
(plant ben
zoqu
inon
e) a
nd
enzy
me lactate deh
ydroge
nase
antifertility age
nt J
Nutr Sci
Vitam
inol 199
036
153
ndash164
Embelia ribes
Embelia ribes
dry be
rry
Rats m
ice
Lack of any
adve
rse effects high
Atal CK e
t al Non
-narco
tic orally
powder and
extracted
therap
eutic index
and
absen
ce of the
effective cen
trally acting an
alge
sic
with n-he
xane
ab
stinen
ce syn
drome confers a long
-from
an Ayu
rved
ic dru
g J
Potassium embe
late 200
term
safety on
potassium
embe
late for
Ethno
pha
rm 198
411
309
ndash317
mg pe
r 10
mLkg
and
400
use as an
ana
lgesic com
pared
to
mg pe
r 10
mLkg
morph
ine
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin administered at
Rats
Imped
ed ability to impregn
ant was
Prak
ash AO A
ntifertility
50 and
100
mg
kgdem
onstrated Embe
lin provo
ked anti-
inve
stigations
on em
belin
an oral
implantation activity w
hen
contraceptive of plant origin Part
administered and
also reduc
edI-Biological prope
rties Planta
sign
ifican
tly the nu
mbe
r of
Med
JMed
Plant R
esim
plantations
(p
001
)19
814125
9ndash26
6
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
449
(continued)
Emblica officinalis
Emblica officinalis
fresh
Atherog
enic
Seru
m cho
lesterol triglyc
erides
Mathu
r R et al Hyp
olipidaemic
Gaertn
juice 5 mLk
g bo
dy
rabb
its
pho
spho
lipid and
LDL lev
els were
effect of fruit ju
ice of Emblica
EUPHORBIA
CEAE
weigh
t for 60
day
sreduc
ed by 82
6
6 77
a
nd 90
officinalis
in cho
lesterol-fed
rab
bits
Amla
resp
ective
ly T
he tissu
e lip
id lev
els
J Ethno
pharm 199650
61ndash
68
Emblic m
yrob
ala
show
ed a significant decrease
follo
wing Emblica officinalis
juice
administration A
ortic plaqu
es w
ere
regressed
Emblica officinalis
A m
ixture of Andrographis
Human
trial
Herba
l mixture w
as administered to
Ram
ji et al E
ffect of K
almeg
ha and
paniculata
and Emblica
35 patients
patients with Hep
atitis B
1 B
2 a
ndAmlaki com
pou
nd on viral he
ptitis
officinalis
hepatitis
post he
patitis syn
drome The
mixture
(Koshtha
-Sha
khashrita Kam
ala)
B1
dem
onstrated efficacy in red
ucing
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
64ndash1
69
hepatitis B
2
clinical sym
ptoms improving
liver
and post-
func
tion
and
albumin
hepatitis
synd
rome
Emblica officinalis
Dried
fru
it of Emblica
Human
Objective
impr
ovem
ent in m
ean
Sharma PK
et al Clin
ical eva
luation
officinalis
trial 18
values of the free and
total acid
of amalak
i ch
urna
in the treatm
ent
patien
tsco
ncen
tration were grad
ually red
uced
of amlapitta A
ryav
aidya
nwith ga
stro-
both in fasting an
d stimulated states
1990
4(2)1
20ndash1
22
intestinal
(p5
001
)tract disea
seEmblica officinalis
Haritak
i Terminalia
Rab
bits
Whe
n ch
olesterol was fed
to all
Tha
kur CP e
t al The
Ayu
rved
ic
chebula Emblica
grou
ps ch
olesterol leve
ls w
ere
med
icines H
aritak
i Amla and
officinalis Terminalia
sign
ifican
tly reduc
ed in the 3
Bah
ira reduc
e ch
olesterol-induced
bellirica
trea
tmen
t grou
ps tha
n in the
con
trol
athe
rosclerosis in rab
bits Int J
grou
p The
sam
e was tru
e for
Cardiology
198
821
(2)1
67ndash1
75
reduc
tion
in ch
olesterolemia
Emblica officinalis
Emblica officinalis
raw
Con
trolled human
Treatmen
t with Emblica officinales
Jaco
b A e
t al Effect of the
fruit for 28 day
strial 15
normal
reduc
ed cho
lesterol in bo
th normal
Indian go
oseb
erry (am
la) on
and 20 hy
per-
and hyp
erch
olesterolaem
ic subjects
seru
m cho
lesterol lev
els in m
ench
olesterolemic
After 2 w
eeks
withd
rawal from
aged
35ndash
55 yea
rs E
ur JC
lin N
utr
subjects
fruit total ch
olesterol leve
l of the
1988
41(11
)939
ndash944
hy
percho
lesterolem
ic sub
jects
increa
sed significantly alm
ost to
initial leve
ls
Eugenia jambolana
Extract of jaman
pulp
Rats
Emblica jambolana
pulp sho
wed
Ach
reka
r S et al H
ypog
lycemic acti-
Lam
from
the
fru
it of
hypo
glyc
emic effect Ficus
vity of Eugenia jambolana
and Ficus
MYRTACEAE
Emblica jambolana
and
benghalensis
bark extract cau
sed
benghalensismecha
nism
ofaction
ex
tracts of ba
rk of Ficus
reduc
tion
in bloo
d sug
ar lev
el O
ral
In V
ivo 19
915(2)1
43ndash1
47
Blackbe
rry
benghalensis
administration of the
extracts resu
lted
in enh
ancemen
t in serum ins
ulin
leve
ls in no
rmog
lycemic and
diabe
tic
rats
450
Eugenia jambolana
Two capsu
les of 450
20 case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a com-
mg each
Coccinia
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
nposite he
rbal dru
g in the
treatmen
tindica Cum
inum
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
sof Diabetes mellitus
(Mad
humeh
a)
cyminum
Eugenia
Aryav
aidya
n 19
915(1)3
6ndash46
jambolana Gymnema
sylvestre Momordica
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Eugenia jambolana
Olean
olic acid (C3-
Male albino
rats
The
extract decreased
fertiliz
ing
Rajasek
aran
M et al Antifertility
0H48
O3) isolated from
capacity witho
ut an
y sign
ifican
teffect in male rats of olea
nolic
acid
flow
ers of Emblica
chan
ges in bod
y weigh
t or
a triterpe
ne from Eugenia jambolana
jambolana administered
repr
oduc
tive
organ
weigh
ts T
heflow
ers J Ethno
pha
rm 198
824
(1)
for 60
day
sex
tract arrested
spermatog
enesis but
115ndash
121
did not cau
se any
abn
ormality to
spermatog
enic cells Ley
dig
interstitial a
nd Sertoli cells
Ferula foetida
Rats fed for 8 weeks the
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Srinivasan
K
Bung
e)Reg
elfollo
wing plan
ts
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irInflue
nce of dietary spices
UMBELLIFE
RAE
Brassicasp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
or the
ir active princ
iples on
Hingu
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
ucosa D
ietary
digestive
enz
ymes of sm
all
Asafoetida
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcum
in capsaicin p
iperine an
dintestinal m
ucosa in rats Int J
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprominen
tly
Food
Sci N
utr 199
547
(1)5
5ndash59
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
Trigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetida
brou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
pho
spha
tases an
d sucrase The
positive influen
ces of a goo
d numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
451
(continued)
Ferula foetida
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
dCum
inum
cyminum
seeds Ocimum
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan
Cum
inum
cyminum
rats
sanctum
leav
es an
d Papaver
VM Anticarcino
genic
Curcuma longa Ferula
somnifera
seed
s sign
ifican
tly
effects of som
e Indian
plant
asafoetida Ocimum
inhibited neo
plasia alon
e The
sepr
oducts Foo
d C
hem Tox
icsanctum Moringa
plan
ts m
ay prove
to be
valuab
le19
9230(11
)953
ndash956
oleifera Papaver
anticarcinog
ens
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Ferula foetida
Cuminum
cym
inum
Swiss mice
All these plants leave
s and
herbs
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
seed
s Papaver
increased glutathione
-S-trans
ferase
Plan
t produc
ts as protective
somnifera seedsFerula
activity by more than
78
in the
agen
ts aga
inst can
cer Ind
ian JE
xp
foetida Curcuma longa
stom
ach liver and
esoph
agus
high
Biol 19
9028(11
)100
8ndash11
11
kand
athipili
enou
gh to be
con
sidered
protective
Azadirachta indica
agen
ts aga
inst carcino
gene
sis
flow
ers m
anatha
kkali
leav
es d
rumstick leav
es
Ocimum
sanctum
leav
esan
d pon
naka
nni leav
esFerula foetida
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-Influe
nce of spices an
dcyminum
Ferula
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
spice pr
inciples on
hep
atic m
ixed
foetida Tamarindus
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
func
tion
oxy
gena
se system in
indica Trigonella
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
rats Indian JB
ioch
em Bioph
ysfoenum
-graecum
graecum
also
stimulated the
lev
els of
1989
26(4)254
ndash258
Zingiber officinale
cytoch
rome P4
50 and
b5 Cum
inum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated
N-dem
ethy
lase activity
Ferula foetida
Piper nigrum
powder in
Human
Results sh
owed
Piper nigrum pow
der
Desai H
G K
alro R
H E
ffect of black
dos
es of 02 04 gh
trial 20
doe
s no
t dam
age the hu
man
gastric
peppe
r an
d asafoetida on
the
DNA
and Ferula foetidain
healthy
muc
osa w
hereas Ferula foetidadoe
sco
nten
t of gastric asp
irates Ind
Jdos
es of 01 02 a
nd 04
human
based on the rate of ex
folia
tion
of the
Med
Res 198
582
(1)3
25ndash3
29
gh on
different day
svo
lunteers
surface ep
ithe
lial cells
of hu
man
gastric muco
sa
Ficus benghalensis L
Dim
etho
xy ether of
Rats
Administration of the
extract sho
wed
Che
rian
S A
ugu
sti KT
MORACEA
Eleucope
largon
din-3-0-
abou
t a 12
hyp
oglycemic action in
Insu
lin sparing action
of
Vata
alph
a-L rham
noside
norm
al rats The
results indicate an
leuc
opelargo
nidin derivative
Ban
yan tree
from
bark of the
Ficus
insu
lin-spa
ring
action of the
isolated
from Ficus benghalensis
benghalensis
(100
leuc
opelargo
nin if used in
Linn Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
mg
kg orally
)co
mbina
tion
with insu
lin
1995
33(8)608
ndash611
Ficus benghalensis
Dim
etho
xy ether of
Diabe
tic
The
com
pou
nd sho
wed
significant
Augu
sti KT e
t al Effect
leucope
largon
din-3-0-
dog
shy
pog
lycemic and
serum
ins
ulin
of leu
copelargo
nin derivatives
alph
a-L rham
noside
increased action in normal and
from
Ficus benghalensisLinn on
isolated
from the
bark of
mod
erately diabe
tic dog
s (ind
uced by
diabe
tic dog
s Ind
ian JM
ed R
esFicus benghalensis
alloxa
n) during
a period of 2 ho
urs
1994
9982
ndash86
(100 m
gkg
oral
administration)
452
Ficus benghalensis
Extract of jaman
pulp
Rats
Emblica jambolana
pulp sho
wed
Ach
reka
r S et al H
ypog
lycemic
from
the
fru
it of
hypo
glyc
emic effect Ficus
activity of Eugenia jambolana
and
Emblica jambolana
and
benghalensis
bark extract cau
sed
FicusbenghalensisM
echa
nism
of
extracts of ba
rk of Ficus
reduction in blood
suga
r leve
l Oral
action
In V
ivo 19
915(2)1
43ndash147
benghalensis
administration of the
extracts resu
lted
in enh
ancemen
t in serum
ins
ulin
leve
ls in no
rmog
lycemic and
diabe
tic
rats
Ficus benghalensis
Isop
roteinou
s diets
Wea
nling
The
effect of inc
orporation of w
hole
Aga
wam
V C
hatham
BM E
ffect
containing
1
rats
plants pa
rts in feed intak
e w
eigh
tof feeding so
me plan
t food
s ch
olesterol an
d 10
gain feed efficienc
y ratio (FER) dry
as sou
rce of dietary fibre on
fibe
r derived
from
matter digestibility (D
MD) an
d tru
ebiolog
ical utilisation of diet in
Cappers deciduas Ficus
protein digestibility (TPD
) was
rats P
lant Foo
ds Hum
Nutr
religious Ficus
studied Inc
lusion
did not effect
1989
39(2)161
ndash167
glomeration Ficus
weigh
t ga
in significantly but all othe
rbenghalensisan
dparam
eters were influen
ced to a
Prsopsis cinceria
varying ex
tent Fo
ods rich
in lig
nin
were fed for 40 day
sha
d relatively lower FER D
MD a
ndTPD w
hereas cellulose and
pectin-rich
food
s ha
d an increased D
MD
and TPD
Ficus benghalensis
Dietary fiber con
tent of
Rats
Dietary fiber from the
se plants food
sAga
rwal V
Cha
uha
n BM A
study
Capparis decidua
fed at 10
dietary lev
el ind
uced an
of com
position
and
hyp
olipidem
ic
Ficus benghalensis
increa
sed resistanc
e to hyp
erlip
idem
iaeffect of dietary fibre from som
e Ficus glomerata Ficus
than
cellulose The
dietary fiber
plant foo
ds Plant Foo
ds H
um N
utr
religiosaa
nd Prsopsis
influen
ced total lipids cho
lesterol
1988
38(2)189
ndash197
cinceria
varied
from
triglycerides a
nd pho
spho
lipids of the
385 to 557
liver to va
rying ex
tents
Ficus religiosa L
Isop
roteinou
s diets
Wea
nling
The
effect of inc
orporation of w
hole
Aga
rwal V
Cha
uha
n BM E
ffect of
MORACEAE
containing
1
rats
plants pa
rts in feed intak
e w
eigh
tfeed
ing so
me plan
t food
s as sou
rce
Asw
atha
cholesterol an
d 10
gain F
ER D
MD a
nd TPD w
asof dietary fibre on biolog
ical utilisa-
Sacred
fig
fibe
r derived
from
studied Inc
lusion
did not effect
tion
of diet in rats Plant Foo
ds
Capparis decidua Ficus
weigh
t ga
in significantly but all othe
rHum N
utr 198
939
(2)1
61ndash1
67
religiosa Ficus
param
eters were influen
ced to a
glomerata Ficus
varying ex
tent Fo
ods rich
in lig
nin
benghalensisan
dha
d relatively lower FER D
MD a
ndPrsopsis cinceria
were
TPD w
hereas cellulose and
pectin-
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
453
(continued)
fed for 40 day
srich
foo
ds ha
d an increased D
MD and
TPD
Ficus religiosa
Dietary fiber con
tent of
Rats
Dietary fiber from the
se plants food
sAga
rwal V
Cha
uha
n BM
A study of
Capparis decidua
fed at 10
dietary lev
el ind
uced an
compo
sition
and
hyp
olipidem
ic
Ficus benghalensis
increased resistanc
e to hyp
erlip
idem
iaeffect of dietary fibre
from
som
e Ficus glomerata Ficus
than
cellulose T
he dietary fiber
plan
t food
s Plant Foo
ds H
um N
utr
religiosaan
d Prsopsis
influe
nced
total lipids cho
lesterol
1988
38(2)189
ndash197
cinceria
varied
from
triglycerides an
d pho
spho
lipids of the
385 to 55
7
liver to va
rying ex
tents
Foeniculum
Ethan
olic extracts of
Mice
The
extracts caused no sign
ifican
tSh
ah A
H e
t al Tox
icity studies
vulgareMill
Foeniculum
vulgare fru
it
acute or ch
ronic mortality as
in m
ice of ethan
ol extracts of
UMBELLIFERAE
Short-term
doses 05 1
0
compa
red to co
ntrols
Foeniculum
vulgare fru
it and
Sa
tupus
pa
and 3 gkg
lon
g-term
Ruta chalepensisae
rial parts J
Fenn
eldose was 100
mg
kg
Ethn
opha
rm 199
134
(2)1
67ndash1
72
per day
Foeniculum
vulgare
Aqu
eous ex
tracts of
Pentob
arbital-
Intrav
enou
s ad
ministration of the
Abd
ul-G
hani A
S A
min R
The
Foeniculum
vulgare
anae
sthe
tized
extract prod
uced a sign
ifican
t dose-
vascular action
of aq
ueo
us ex
tracts
leav
es tha
t were
rats
related red
uction
in arterial blood
of Foeniculum vulgare
leav
es
lyop
hiliz
ed and
boiled
pressu
re witho
ut affecting the he
art
JEthno
pharm 198
824
213
ndash218
rate or resp
iratory rate T
he non
-boiled
aqueo
us ex
tract sh
owed
very little
hypoten
sive
activity
Foeniculum
vulgare
Oral ad
ministration of
Male an
dIn m
ale rats total protein con
centration
Malini T e
t al Effect of Foeniculum
aceton
e ex
tract of
female rats
was fou
nd to be
significantly
vulgareMill seed
extract on the
Foeniculum
vulgare
decreased
in testes and
vas deferen
s
genital orga
ns of male an
d fem
ale
seed
s for 15 day
san
d inc
reased
in seminal vesicles
rats Indian J Phy
siol Pha
rmacol
and prostate glan
d In fem
ale rats
1985
29(1)21ndash
26
the ex
tract led to va
gina
l co
rnification
and estru
s cy
cle
Foeniculum
vulgare
Herb co
mbina
tion
of
Human
trial
As a resu
lt of the trea
tmen
t sp
ontane
ous
Cha
kurski I e
t al Treatmen
t of
Calendula officinalis
24 patients
and palpab
le pains
along
the
large
ch
ronic co
litis w
ith an
herba
l Foeniculum
vulgare
with ch
ronic
intestine disap
pea
red in 95
83
of the
combina
tion
of Taraxacum
officinale
Hypericum
perforatum
nons
pecific
patien
ts by the 15
th day
of their
Hipericum
perforatum M
elissa
Melissa officinalis
colitis
admission
to the clinic and
treatmen
t officinalis Calendula officinalis
and
Taraxacum
officinale
with he
rbal com
bina
tion
Foeniculum
vulgare
[Bulga
rian
]Vutr Boles 198
120
(6)5
1ndash54
Glycyrrhiza glabra L
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach three trea
tmen
t grou
ps were
Paran
jpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
LEGUMIN
OSA
EGlycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plications
of he
rbal formulation
s Yashtim
adhu
Holarrhena
comparative
mixtures Suc
cessful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgarisA
sing
le-blin
d
Licorice
antidysenterica
study 49
grou
ps A and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative stud
y J
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
Med
icinal A
romatic Plant Sci 199
7Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d19
414
ndash418
Santalum
album
ad
ults with
othe
r comed
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
mecha
nism
s of action remain
Terminalia chebula
mod
erate
unkn
own
Zingiber officinale
facial acn
e
454
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Chine
se m
edicine
Rats
Rats were injected
with this formula
Wan
g W
K et al Collective effect
form
ula of Paeoniae
to obs
erve
blood
pressur
e ch
ange
sof a C
hine
se formulamdash
A study
lactiforaeroot
The
formula ha
d an effect on the
of xiao-jia
n-zh
ong-tang
Am JChin
Astralagus
Fourier com
pone
nts of the
blood
Med
199
523
(3ndash4
)299ndash3
04
Cinnamomum
pressure w
ave simila
r to the
linea
rzeylanicum
Glycyrrhiza
combina
tion
of the three he
rb group
sglabra Fructus jujubae
whe
n used separately
Saccharum granorum
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhizine
150
Human
trial
Glycy
rrhizine
in low doses on hy
per-
Muraka
mi T U
chikaw
a T E
ffect of
mg
d8 no
n-insu
lin-
kalemia N
IDDM patients sh
owed
the
glyc
yrrh
izine on
hyp
erka
lemia due
dep
enden
tmea
n seru
m potassium con
centration
to
to hyp
oren
inem
ic hyp
oaldos-
Diabetes
decrease sign
ifican
tly to 44 m
Eq
L
teronism
in Diabetes mellitusLife
mellitus
with 15
0 mg
d
Sci 19
9153(5)63ndash
68
(NID
DM)
patien
tsGlycyrrhiza glabra
Plants includ
e leave
s of
Mice
Treatmen
t with Agrimonia eupatoria
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK e
t al Traditiona
l Agrimonia eupatoria
Medicago sativa Coriandrum
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
Alchemilla vulgaris
sativum Eucalyptus globulus
and
Studies in normal and
strep
to-
bulbs of Allium
sativum
Juniperus communis
reduced the
lev
elzo
tocin diabe
tic mice D
iabe
tologia
Chelidonium majus
of hyp
erglyc
emia during
dev
elop
men
t19
9033(8)462
ndash464
Convallaria majalis
of strep
tozo
tocin diabe
tes in m
ice
seed
s ofCoriandrum
This was assoc
iated w
ith reduced
sativum Eucalyptus
polyd
ipsia (excep
t Coriandrum
globulusr
oots of
sativum) an
d a red
uced
rate of w
eigh
tGlycyrrhiza glabra
loss (ex
cept Agrimonia eupatoria)
dried
berries of
Juniperus communis
Medicago sativa Rubus
fraticosus
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhizin
Ran
dom
ized
Results sho
wed
impr
ovem
ent of liver
Su X
et al Clin
ical and
lab
oratory
controlle
dfunc
tion
Fo
r bo
th acu
te and
chron
icob
servation on
the
effect of
trial 88
cases in the
sho
rt-term glyc
yrrh
izin
glyc
yrrh
izin in acute and
chr
onic
patien
tssh
owed
statistically significant
viral he
patitis JTrad C
hin Med
with ch
ronic
improve
men
t19
844(2)1
27ndash1
32
hepa
titis
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
455
(continued)
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Deg
lycyrrhizinize
dCon
trolled
After 4 w
eeks
no
differenc
e was
Bard
shan
KD e
t al C
linical trial of
licorice or placebo
clinical
found
in ga
stric ulcers be
tween the
deg
lycy
rrhizinised liq
uorice in
trial 96
placebo
and
treatmen
t grou
pga
stric ulcer Gut 19
781977
9ndash78
2pa
tien
tswith ga
stric
ulcers
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Com
parison
of
Ran
dom
ized
Both are effective
in the treatm
ent of
DrsquoImpe
rio N e
t al Dou
ble-blind
Cim
etidine an
ddou
ble-
duod
enal ulcers
trial in duod
enal and
gastric
deg
lycy
rrhizinize
dblind trial
ulcersCim
etidine an
d de
gly-
licorice
30 patients
cyrrhizinize
d liq
uorice A
cta Gastro-
with
Enterolog
ica Belgica X
LI 19
78
duo
den
al42
7ndash43
4ulcers
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Deg
lycyrrhizinize
dRetrosp
ective
Healin
g of the
ulcerations
was
observed
La
rkworthy W
Holga
te PFL
lic
orice
survey
in all pa
tien
ts A
fter 16 weeks
78
Deg
lycy
rrhizinized liquorice in
32 patients
had end
osco
pic ev
iden
ce tha
t the
the trea
tmen
t of chr
onic d
uoden
al
with ch
ronic
ulceration ha
d healed
ulcer P
ractitione
r 19
75215
787
ndash792
duo
den
alulcer history
Gossypium
Gossy
pol compou
ndDou
ble-blind
A m
ale an
tifertility drug was tested
Liu G
et al Trial of Gossy
pol as a
herbaceum
L
isolated
from seed stem
clinical trial
and a 92
efficacy rate w
as ach
ieve
dmale co
ntraceptive
In Gossy
pol A
MALVACEA
Eor roo
t of Gossypium
64 gos
sypol
The
inc
iden
ce of fatigu
e decreased
Potential C
ontracep
tive
for M
en
Karpa
sherbaceum
and 74
libido and
gastrointestina
l distur-
Sega
l S Ed New
York
Plenu
mIndian cotton
placeb
oba
nce of the
two grou
ps show
edPress 19
859ndash1
6no
statistical differenc
eGossypium
Gossy
pol acetic acid
Female rats
Gos
sypol acetic acid at a high
er dose
Lei HP et al S
tudies of G
ossypol
herbaceum
(80 mg
kg) co
uld interru
pt early
on the
fem
ale In A
dv C
hine
se M
ed
pregn
ancy
in female rats P
rolong
edMaterials R
es C
hang
HM
et al
administration (30 mg
kg) led to
Eds W
orld Scien
tific Philadelphia
atrophy
of the rat en
dom
etrium
19
85639
ndash645
Gossypium
Gossy
pol 20 m
gd for
Human
Gos
sypol had
a profoun
d effect on
Frick J Dan
ner C
198
5 Effect of
herbaceum
3 mon
ths
trial 5 men
spermatog
enesis tha
t was fully
Gossy
pol on
human
testicu
lar
reve
rsible after termination of
func
tion
Eva
luation of sem
inal and
trea
tmen
t Infertility lasted 4ndash6
horm
onal param
eters In G
ossy
pol
mon
ths
A Poten
tial C
ontracep
tive
for M
en
Sega
l S Ed Plen
um Press NY
1985
17ndash
23
Gossypium
20 m
gd gos
sypol
Human
trial
Gos
sypol inh
ibited
spermatog
enesis
Cou
tinh
o EM
et al Bipha
sic action
of
herbaceum
mon
acetic acid for 4
12 m
enin m
en at a dose leve
l that in the
Gossy
pol in m
en In Gos
sypol A
mon
ths the
nsh
ort-term
treatmen
t ap
pea
rs to be
Poten
tial C
ontracep
tive
for M
en
60 m
g weekly for 4ndash
6free of side effects
Sega
l S Ed New
York Plenu
mmon
ths
Press 19
8525ndash
31
456
Gymnema sylvestre
Gymnema sylvestre ex
tract
Rats
Gymnema sylvestreex
tract did not
Tom
inag
a M e
t al Effects of seishin-
(Retz)S
chult
120 mg
kg per day
improve
ins
ulin
resistanc
e in
rens
hiin and
Gymnema sylvestreon
ASC
LEPIADACEAE
streptozo
tocin-induc
ed diabe
tic rats
insu
lin resistanc
e in strep
tozo
tocin-
Mesha
sringi
induc
ed diabe
tic rats D
iabe
tes Res
Gurm
arClin
Pract 199
529
(1)1
1ndash17
Gymnema sylvestre
Two caps
ules of 450
20 case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of
mg ea
ch Coccinia
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
nco
mposite he
rbal d
rugs
in the
indica Cum
inum
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
strea
tmen
t of D
iabe
tes mellitus
cyminum
Eugenia
(Mad
humeh
a) Aryav
aidya
n jambolana Gymnema
1991
5(1)3
6ndash46
sylvestre Momordica
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Gymnema sylvestre
Pep
tide
iso
lated from
Rats
Inhibitory effect on
the
sweet resp
onses
Imoto T e
t al A nov
el pep
tide
Gymnema sylvestre
appea
red after treating tong
ue surface
isolated
from the
lea
ves of
leav
es Dosag
e pep
tide
with Gymnema sylvestrepep
tide
Gymnema sylvestremdash
I Cha
racter-
at a con
centration
more
ization an
d its sup
pressive
effect
than
1 3
10(2
6)M
on the
neu
ral resp
onses to sweet
taste stim
uli in the
rat C
omp
Bioch
em Phy
siol A
199
110
0(2)
309ndash
314
Gymnema sylvestre
GS4
an ex
tract from
Hum
an trial
Dur
ing GS4
sup
plemen
tation
aBaska
ran K e
t al A
ntidiabe
tic
leav
es of Gymnema
22 typ
e II
sign
ifican
t de
crea
se in bloo
d gluco
se
effect of a leaf extract from
sylvestre 400
mg
dpa
tien
ts w
ith
glyc
osylated
hem
oglobin an
d plasm
aGymnema sylvestre in non
-ins
ulin
-18ndash2
0 mon
ths as
diabe
tes
proteins was noted
Con
ventiona
ldep
enden
t diabe
tes mellitus
su
pplem
ent to
dru
g dos
e co
uld be decreased
23
patients J E
thno
pharm 199
030
(3)
conv
ention
al dru
g(522
) disco
ntinue
d com
pletely
295ndash
300
therap
y of glib
enclam
ide
conv
ention
al dru
g therap
yor tolbu
tamide
Gymnema sylvestre
GS4
an ex
tract from
Con
trolled hu
man
Insu
lin req
uirem
ents decreased
with
Shan
mug
asund
aram
ER e
t al Use
leav
es of Gymnema
trial 27
patients
fasting bloo
d gluco
se as did
of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract
sylvestre 400
mg
dwith insu
lin-
glyc
osylated
hem
oglobin an
d plasm
ain the
con
trol of bloo
d gluco
se in
dep
enden
tproteins and
serum
lipid lev
els
insu
lin-dep
enden
t diab
etes m
ellitus
Diabetes
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
030
(3)2
81ndash2
94
mellitusmdash
trea
ted group
and non
treated
grou
p
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
457
(continued)
Gymnema sylvestre
GS3
and
GS4
extracts
Streptozo
tocin
Herba
l therap
y ap
pears to bring
abo
utSh
anmuga
sund
aram
ER e
t al
from
Gymnema
rats
bloo
d gluco
se hom
eostatis
Possible rege
neration
of
sylvestreleav
esthe islets of Lan
gerhan
s in
streptozo
tocin-diabe
tic rats given
Gymnema sylvestreleaf extracts
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
030
(3)2
65ndash2
79
Gymnema sylvestre
GS4
extracted
from
Non
diabe
tic an
dResults sugg
est us
efulne
ss of Gymnema
Oka
baya
shi Y e
t al Effect
Gymnema sylvestre
streptoz
ocin-
sylvestrein the
treatmen
t of certain
of Gymnema sylvestre R
Br on
leav
es 1 gkg
bod
yinduc
ed m
ildly
classes of non
-ins
ulin dep
enden
t gluco
se hom
eostasis in rats
weigh
tdiabe
tic rats
Diabetes mellitus
Diabe
tes Res C
lin Pract
1990
9(2)1
43ndash1
48
Gymnema sylvestre
Pow
dered
lea
ves of
Rats
Gymnema sylvestrepr
otected the
animals
Prak
ash AO e
t al E
ffect of feeding
Gymnema sylvestre
from
low
blood
gluco
se lev
els seen
Gymnema sylvestreleav
es on bloo
d
in rats receiving be
ryllium nitrate
gluco
se in be
ryllium
nitrate treated
alon
erats J Ethno
pha
rm 198
618(2)1
43ndash
146
Gymnema sylvestre
Oral ap
plication of
Clin
ical trial
Sweetness pe
rcep
tion
of the load
was
Brala PM Hag
en R
L Effects of
Gymnema sylvestre
factorial design
reduced in 50
of the su
bjects by oral
sweetness perception
and
caloric
extracts
118 hu
man
application of the
extract L
ess total
value of a preload
on sh
ort term
vo
lunteers
and sweet calories w
ere co
nsum
ed by
intake
Phy
siol Beh
av 198
330
(1)1
ndash9
thos
e with a reduc
ed sweetness
perception
Hemidesmus
Plants lack
ing
Feed
ing trials
All plan
ts produc
ed hep
atic lesions
tha
t Arseculeratne SN
et al Studies of
Indicus(L) W
T
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
in rats
includ
ed cen
tral vein ab
norm
alities
med
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Ation
Aegle marmelos
Terminalia chebula and
Withania
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eASC
LEPIADACEAE
Hemidesmus indicus
somnifera
produced m
ark rena
l lesion
strad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs J
Sariva
Terminalia chebula
Ethno
pharm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
Indian Sa
saparilla
Withania somnifera
Hemidesmus
Air dried
roo
ts of
Mice
Hemidesmus indicus
was tested on mice
Gupta PN Anti-leprotic action
of
indicus
Hemidesmus indicus
infected
with M leprae The
dru
g may
an
extract from ldquoAna
ntam
ulrdquo
simple distilla
tion
with
caus
e a delay
in multiplic
ation of
(Hemidesmus Indicus
RB
r) Lep
r
water
orga
nism
s in the
mou
se foo
t pa
ds
India 198
153
(3)3
54ndash3
59
Holarrhena
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach of the
thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps were
Paranjpe P E
valuation of top
ical
antidysenterica
Glycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered differen
t he
rbal
applications
of he
rbal formulations
(R
oxb Ex Fleing
) Holarrhena
comparative
mixtures Successful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Wall Ex A
DC
antidysenterica
study 49
grou
ps A and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative study
APO
CYNACEAE
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
JMed
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
119
Kutaja
Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Kur
chi tree
Santalum
album
ad
ults w
ith
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
trea
tmen
t prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
sTerminalia chebula
mod
erate
of action remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
facial acn
eHolarrhena
Ethan
ol extract of
Mice
Holarrhena antidysentericaap
peared
Atal CK e
t al Im
mun
omod
ulating
antidysenterica
Holarrhena
to stimulate pha
gocy
tic func
tion
while
agen
ts of plan
t origin IP
relim
inary
antidysenterica
inhibiting
the
humoral com
pon
ent of
screen
ing JEthno
pharm 198
6the im
mun
e sy
stem
18
(2)1
33ndash1
41
458
Holarrhena
Bark po
wder of Holarrhena
Clin
ical trial
Effects of Holarrhena antidysenterica
Cha
turved
i GN S
ingh
KP Sideeffects
antidysenterica
antidysentericain three
11 patients
is not tho
roug
hly atox
ic and
may
lea
dof a traditiona
l indigen
ous dru
g-divided
doses of 4 g for
with intestinal
to sev
eral sub
jective symptoms an
dKutaja (Holarrhena antidysentirica)
15 day
sam
oebiasis and
hypo
tens
ion
Letter to the
editorInd
ian J
giardiasis
Phy
siol Pha
rmacol 198
325
5ndash25
6Holarrhena
Plants screen
ed for
Rats
Feed
ing trials produced liv
er lesions
Arseculeratne SN
et al Studies on
antidysenterica
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
and histopatho
logy
in the lung
s an
dmed
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Crotalaria verrucosa
kidne
ys com
patible with the action
of
Occur
renc
e of pyrroliz
idine alka
loids
Holarrhena antidysenterica
pyrroliz
idine alka
loids
and hep
atotox
ic properties in
and Cassia auriculata
some trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs
J Ethno
pha
rm 198
14(2)159
ndash177
Hydrocotyle asiaticaL
Dried
upr
ipe fruit po
wder
Ran
dom
ized
Treatmen
t with all these plan
ts did not
Haide
r R et al Eva
luation of ind
ige-
UMBE
LLIFE
RAE
of Aegle marmelos d
ried
doub
le-blin
dsh
ow any
clin
ical improv
emen
t or
nous
plants in the
treatmen
t of
Zup
ha
powder plant of Hydrocotyle
clinical trial
bacteriological cu
re as compa
red to
acute sh
igellosis Trop Geo
rgr Med
Hyssop
asiatica dried
pow
der of
82 m
en w
itham
picillin
1991
43(3)266ndash2
70
Poederia foetida
shigellosis
Hygrophila
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats with
A significant hep
atop
rotective activity
Sing
h A Han
da SS
Hep
atop
rotective
auriculata
the seed
s of Apium
paracetamol-
of the
metha
nolic
extract of the seed
sactivity of Apium
graveolensan
d (Sch
umach)H
eine
graveolens
and
induc
edof both plan
ts w
as rep
orted
Hygrophila auriculataag
ains
t parac-
ACANTHACEAE
Hygrophila auriculata
liver
etam
ol and
thioa
cetamideintoxi-
Kok
ilaks
ha
dam
age
catio
n in rats JEthn
opha
rmTalmak
hana
1995
49(3)119
ndash126
Juniperus communis
L
Juniper decoction
at dosag
e Normog
lycemic and
Junipe
r decoc
tion
red
uced
glycemic
Sanc
hez de Med
ina F et al Hyp
o-CUPRESS
ACEAE
of 250 m
gkg
and
125
streptoz
otocin
leve
ls in no
rmog
lycemic rats
glyc
emic activity of ju
niper
Hap
usa
mg
kgdiabe
tic rats
Administration to diabe
tic rats for 24
ldquoberriesrdquo Planta Med
199
460
(3)
Juniper berry
day
s resu
lted
in a sign
ifican
t decrease
197ndash
200
both in bloo
d gluco
se lev
els an
d in
the mortality index
as well as the
preve
ntion of loss of bod
y weigh
tJuniperus
Plants include
leav
es of
Mice
Treatmen
t with Agrimonia eupatoria
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Tradition
al
communis
Agrimonia eupatoria
Medicago sativa Coriandrum
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
Alchemilla vulgaris
sativum Eucalyptus globulus
and
Stud
ies in normal and
strep
tozo
tocin
bulbs of Allium
sativum
Juniperus communis
reduced the
lev
eldiabe
tic mice D
iabe
tologia 1990
Chelidonium majus
of hyp
erglyc
emia during
dev
elop
men
t33
(8)4
62ndash4
64
Convallaria majalis
of strep
tozo
tocin diabe
tes in m
ice
seed
s of Coriandrum
This was assoc
iated w
ith redu
ced
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
459
(continued)
sativum Eucalyptus
polyd
ipsia (excep
t Coriandrum
globulusroots of
sativum) an
d a red
uced
rate of w
eigh
tGlycyrrhiza glabra
loss (ex
cept Agrimonia eupatoria)
dried
berries of
Juniperus communis
Medicago sativa Rubus
fraticosus
Juniperus
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plan
ts sho
wed
marke
d but
Prak
ash AO e
t al Anti-im
plantation
communis
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of some indigen
ous plan
ts
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implantation activity
in rats A
cta Eur Fertil 19
8516(6)
Citrulus colocynthus
441ndash
448
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
Linum usitatissimum
L
Ground
raw
flaxseed 50
Human
trial
Autho
rs con
clude that up to 50
gCunn
ane SC
et al High alph
a-LIN
ACEAE
gd for 4 w
eeks
healthy
high
-a-linolen
ic acid flaxseedday
linolen
ic acid flaxseed (Linum
Uma Linseed
female
is palatab
le safe an
d m
ay be
usitatissimum
) some nu
tritiona
l vo
lunteers
nutritiona
lly ben
eficial in human
s by
prope
rties in hum
ans Br JN
utr
increa
sing
n-3 fatty acids in plasm
aMar199
369
(2)4
43ndash3
an
d erythrocytes an
d by de
creasing
postprand
ial gluco
se respo
nses
Linum
Freeze-dried
extracts of
Wistar albino
Linum usitatissimum
and Symphytum
Shipochliev T et al A
nti-inflammatory
usitatissimum
Calendula officinalis
rats
officinaledid not inh
ibit inflammation
action
of a grou
p of plant extracts
Hypericum
perforatum
but they
did suppr
ess the leuk
ocyte
[Bulgarian] Vet M
ed N
auki 198
1Linum usitatissimum
infiltration
at the third and
fou
rth ho
ur18
(6)8
7ndash94
Matricaria chamomilla
of the
ind
uced
inflammation
Plantago lanceolata
Calendula officinalis H
ypericum
Symphytum
officinale
perforatum
Matricaria chamomilla
and Plantago lanceolata
suppressed
both inflammatory effect and
leuko
cyte infiltration
Luffa cylindrical
Two glyc
oproteins with
Mice
The
proteins were capa
ble of ind
ucing
Ng TB e
t al T
wo proteins with
M R
oem
a molecular w
eigh
t of
midterm
abo
rtion in m
ice inh
ibiting
ribo
some-inactiv
ating cytotox
ic
CUCURBITACEAE
28000
and
2850
0protein syn
thesis in a cell-free system
and abo
rtifactant activities from
Dha
marga
raisolated
from seeds
of
and sup
pressing
thy
midine uptak
e by
seed
s of Luffa cylindricaRoe
m
Spon
ge gou
rdLuffa cylindrica
human
cho
rioc
arcino
ma cells
(C
ucurbitaceae) Bioch
em Int 199
227
(2)1
97ndash2
07
460
Luffa cylindrica
Bryon
olic acid iso
lated
Rats m
ice
Bryon
olic acid inh
ibited
hom
olog
ous
Tan
aka S et al A
nti-allergic effect
from
the
cultured cells
passive
cutane
ous an
aphy
laxis more
of bryon
olic acid from
Luffa cylindrica
of Luffa cylindrica
strong
ly tha
n glycyrrhetinic acid from
cell su
spen
sion
cultures Planta
Administered to rats IP
licorice Bryon
olic acid sho
wed
little
Med
199
157
(6)5
27ndash5
30
600 mg
kgtoxicity and
no visible side effects on
mice
Mallotus
Dried
pow
der fruit of
Goa
tsMallotus philippensisfruit is no
tJost C
C et al Kam
ala (Mallotus
philippensis(Lam
)Mallotus philippensis
effective in elim
inating direct life-
philippensis) fruit is ineffective as
Mue
ll(250
375
50
0 an
d 750
cycle ga
strointestinal nem
atod
es in
an anthe
lminthic aga
inst gastro-
EUPHORBIA
CEAE
mg
kg com
pared
to
goats
intestinal nem
atod
es in go
ats
Kam
pilla
fenb
enda
zole [10
mg
kg])
indigen
ous to Baloc
histan
Pa
kistan
Rottlera
Small Rum
inan
t Res 199
620
(2)
147ndash
153
Mallotus
Crude pow
der mixture
75 patients
The
cure rate in group
A w
as 80
Sa
rma BP O
jha D T
he m
anag
e-philippensis
of equ
al parts of
with va
riou
sgrou
p B treated with meb
endaz
ole
men
t of G
andup
ada krim
i (Ascaris
Ailanthus excelsa Butea
worm
was 92
an
d group C
was 76
lumbricoides)
with indigen
ous dru
gs
monosperma Embelia
infestations
Cure rate sho
wed
neg
ative Ascaris
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
70ndash172
ribes Erythrina indica
lumbricoidesov
a in the
stool rep
ort
Mallotus philippensis
for 3 co
nsecutive
day
sOrxylum
indicum
Mentha arvensis
L
Petroleum ether and
Mice
Interruption of nidation oc
curred
at 5
Garg P et al A
lteration in the
uterine
LABIA
TAE
benz
ene
mg per m
ouse per day
A statistically
pho
spha
tase of the mou
se after
Puthea
chromatog
raphic
sign
ifican
t de
crea
se in the alka
line
administration of con
trag
estative
Corn mint
fraction
of the petroleum
and acid pho
spha
tase con
tent of the
dose of chr
omatog
raphic fraction
of
ethe
r ex
tract of Mentha
uteru
s on
day
12 postcoitum w
aspetroleum ether extract of mint
arvensis
leav
esno
ted B
enzene
and
chloroform w
ere
(Mentha arvensis) leav
es J A
dvan
ced
ineffective in altering alka
line an
dZoo
logy
199
516
(2)8
5ndash87
acid pho
spha
tase
Mentha arvensis
Essen
tial oils
of
Guinea
pigs
Five
essen
tial oils
by form
ulation
of
Kisho
re N
et al Fu
ngitox
icity of
Artemisia nelagrica
ointmen
ts w
ere ab
le to cu
reessential oils aga
inst dermatop
hytes
Caesulia axillaris
expe
rimen
tal ring
worm in gu
inea pigs
Myc
oses 199
336
(5ndash6
)211
ndash215
Chenopodium
within 7ndash
12 day
s A
rtem
isia oil was
ambrosioides
found
to be
the
mos
t effective
Cymbopogon citratus
essential oil
Mentha arvensis
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
461
(continued)
Mentha arvensis
50 ethan
olic extract of
Rats
Extract of Mentha arvensis
has be
enMathu
r R Fruc
tolysis effect of
Mentha arvensis
leav
esfound
to decrease the fruc
tose
50 ethan
olic extract of Mentha
synthe
sis ve
sicles A
s a resu
lt the
arvensis
Linn (leav
es) in sem
inal
viab
ility of sp
ermatoz
oa seemed
to be
vesicles of rat Acta Eur Fertil
altered F
ertility reve
aled
sterile
1991
22(4)219
ndash220
matings
until 30
day
s of last treatm
ent
Mentha arvensis
Fraction
of Mentha arvensis
Rats
Subc
utane
ous ad
ministration of the
Kan
jana
pothi D
et al Postcoital
uterotonic fraction
to rats pregn
ant
antifertility
effect of Mentha arvensis
from
day
1ndash1
0 caused a significant
Con
tracep
tion
198
124
(5)5
59ndash5
67
interrup
tion
in pregn
ancy
Mentha arvensis
Essential oils of Mentha arvensis
Molds an
dThe
se oils
were fung
istatic or
Sarbho
y AK et al Efficacy of som
e Mentha piperita Anethum
fung
us
fung
icidal to on
e or the
other m
olds
essential oils and
the
ir con
stituen
ts
sowa Cymbogopon winterianus
dep
ending up
on the
con
centration
son
few
ubiqu
itou
s molds Z
entralbl
Nardostachys jatamansi
Bak
teriol [Natur
wiss] 197
813
3(7ndash
8)
and Commiphora mukul
723ndash
725
Moringa oleifera
Edible portion
s of
6 male wea
nling
The
exten
t of calcium absorption
from
Pank
aja N Pr
akash J Ava
ilability of
Lam
Moringa oleifera
and
albino
rats
Moringa oleifera
and Amaranthus tricolor
calcium from kilk
eerai (Amaranthus
MORIN
GACEAE
Amaranthus tricolor
and m
ilk w
as eva
luated
Results
tricolor) an
d dru
mstick (Moringa
Sigru
reve
aled
tha
t calcium abs
orption
and
oleifera) greens
in wea
nling rats
Horseradish tree
calcium reten
tion
from m
ilk w
ere
Nah
rung
199
438
(2)1
99ndash2
03
sign
ifican
tly increa
sed com
pared
to
Moringa oleifera
and Amaranthus
tricolor The
presenc
e of oxa
lates
inhibited intestina
l ab
sorption
of
calcium
Moringa oleifera
Lea
f ex
tracts of
Human
trial
Top
ical app
lication resu
lted
in us
ers
Fabiyi JP e
t al Traditiona
l therap
y Adansonia digitata
human
s with
perceived
relief of pain an
d
of dracu
nculia
sis in the
state of
Calotropis procera
guinea
worms
accelerated exp
ulsion of w
orms
Bau
chi-Nigeria [Fren
ch] Dak
arMoringa oleifera
and hea
ling pr
ocess
Med
199
338(2)1
93ndash1
95
Tamarindus indica
Ziziphus jaozeiro
Moringa oleifera
Hot w
ater infusion
s of
Rats with induced
The
seed infusion
sho
wed
a signifi-
Caceres A
et al Pha
rmacolog
ic
flow
ers lea
ves roo
ts
hind
paw
edem
acant inh
ibition of acetylcho
line-
prope
rties of M oleifera
2seed
s an
d stalks of bark
induc
ed con
traction
with an
ED
50of
Screen
ing for an
tisp
asmod
ic an
ti-
of Moringa oleifera
656 m
gmL ba
th con
centration
inflam
matory an
d diuretic activity
Doses are exp
ressed
as
inhibition
of induced ed
ema and
J Ethno
pharm 199236
(3)2
33ndash2
37
equiva
lent of dried
diuretic activity at 10
0 mg
kg
starting
plant m
aterial
462
Moringa oleifera
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally dosed
Aqu
eous
or 90
ethan
ol extracts of the
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used
of pow
dered
plant
for 10
day
splants were stud
ied in rats for 10
Indian
abo
rtifacient plants with
material Adhatoda vasica
day
s after insemination with sp
ecial
special referenc
e to the
irAbrus precatorius Acacia
referenc
e to effects of fetal
teratologic effects in rats J
arabica Aloe
dev
elop
men
t Leaf ex
tracts of
Ethno
pha
rm 199
236
147
ndash154
barbadensis Anethum
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
sowa Apium
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
petroselinium Banbusa
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
arundensis Blepharis
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
edulis Butea
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
monosperma Hibiscus
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
at the
dos
es tested
sativum M
esua ferrea
Moringa oleifera
Mucuna pruriens
Raphanus sativus Sida
cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
Moringa oleifera
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
dCum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Siva
ramak
rish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
rats
sanctum
leav
es Papaver somnifera
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
seed
s sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian
plant products Foo
d C
hem
asafoetida Moringa
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to be
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
oleifera O
cimum
valuab
le anticarcino
gens
sanctum Papaver
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylamum
nigrum
Moringa oleifera
Biosy
nthe
tically
and
Albino mice
Based
on mutag
enicity tests in albino
Villasen
or IM et al Mutag
ens from
ch
emically related
mice structur
e-activity correlation
roasted seeds of M
oringa
oleifera
compo
und
s isolated
studies that 4 (
a-L-rha
mno
syloxy
)Mutat R
es 198
9224(2)209
ndash212
from
the
roa
sted
seeds
phe
nyl-aceton
itrile 4-hy
droxy
-of Moringa oleifera
phe
nylacetonitrile
and
4-
hydroxy
phe
nylacetamide ex
hibited
mutage
nic activity
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
463
(continued)
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Ova
riectomized
To assess the
histologic effect of the
Shukla S et al H
istoarch
itecture of
Moringa oleifera
roots
rats
antifertility m
ode of action it w
asthe ge
nital tract of ova
riectomized
found
tha
t the ex
tract stim
ulated the
rats treated
with an
aqu
eous
uterine
histoarch
itecture by an
extract of Moringa oleifera
roots
increa
se in the he
ight of luminal
J Ethno
pha
rm 198
925
(3)2
49ndash2
61
epithe
lium well-dev
elop
ed gland
sloose stroma and
rich va
scularity The
cervix sho
wed
metap
lastic cha
nges
In the
vag
ina cornification
was
prominen
t ru
gae increased an
dstroma was loo
se
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Female rats
Initial ad
ministration of Moringa
Shukla S et al B
ioch
emical and
Moringa oleifera
roots
oleifera
stim
ulated
the
uterine
phy
siolog
ical alterations
in female
stru
ctur
es c
aused m
etap
lastic cha
nges
reproduc
tive
organ
s of cyc
lic rats
in the
cervical ep
ithe
lium and
treated w
ith aq
ueo
us ex
tract of
provo
ked con
siderab
le cornification
Moringa oleifera
Lam
Acta Eur
in the
vag
inal epithe
lium At a later
Fertil 19
8819(4)225
ndash232
duration
significant inh
ibition in the
histoa
rchitectur
e was obs
erve
d
Bioch
emical observa
tion
s an
dhistolog
ic findings correlated w
ith
anti-implantation action
of the
aqueo
us extract
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Ova
riectomized
The
roo
t was inv
estiga
ted for its
Shukla S et al A
ntifertility pr
ofile
Moringa oleifera
roots
rats
estrog
enic a
ntiestroge
nic proge
sta-
of the
aqu
eous ex
tract of Moringa
tion
al an
d antiproge
stationa
loleifera
roots JEthno
pha
rmactivities T
he antifertility effect
1988
22(1)51ndash
62
appe
ars to be due to m
ultiple
attributes
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Ova
ry of rat
Treated
rats remaine
d in the
cyc
licPr
akash AO O
varian
respo
nse to
Moringa oleifera
roots
dur
ing early
cond
itions
as ne
wly formed
corpo
raaq
ueo
us ex
tract of Moringa oleifera
preg
nanc
ylutea were ob
served
Non
treated
during
early pregn
ancy
in rats
ovaries of con
trol rats sh
owed
well
Fitoterapia 198
8LIX
(2)8
9ndash96
dev
elop
ed corpora lutea Sev
eral
othe
r features sh
owed
tha
t the ex
tract
could not ind
uce any
histologic
featur
es in the ov
ary as obs
erve
d in
pregn
ancy
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tracts of the
Female ad
ult
Both ex
tracts are effective
in
Shukla S et al A
nti-im
plan
tation
roots an
d bark of
rats
preve
nting im
plantation R
esults also
efficacy
of Moringa oleifera
Lam
Moringa oleifera
and
show
ed anti-im
plan
tation
activity of
and Moringa concacensis
Nim
mo
Moringa concacensis
Moringa oleifera
root w
as con
sisten
trats Int J C
rude Dru
g Res 198
826
rega
rdless of its time an
d place of
29ndash3
2colle
ction
464
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Pregn
ant rats
Adm
inistration of extract to pregn
ant
Praka
sh A
O e
t al Uterine
histo-
Moringa oleifera
roots
rats cou
ld not stimulate the
uteru
s that
arch
itecture during
pre- an
d pos
t-remaine
d non
receptive throug
hout
implan
tation
periods of rats trea
ted
the period of treatm
ent therefore the
with aq
ueo
us ex
tract of Moringa
fertilize
d egg
s may
not be welco
med
oleifera
Lam
Acta Eur Fe
rtil 19
87
by the
unp
repared
uteru
s18
(2)1
29ndash135
Mucuna pruriens
Stab
le stan
dardized
Multicenter
Using
the
Unified
Parkins
onrsquos D
isease
Man
yam BV et al An altern
ative
(L) DC
prepa
ration
from
clinical trial
Rating Scale (U
PDRS) a sign
ifican
tmed
icine trea
tmen
t for Parkins
onrsquos
LEGUMIN
OSA
Een
doc
arp of Mucuna
60 w
ith
decrease in sco
res from
baseline to
disease Results of a multicen
ter
Kap
ikachc
hha
pruriens
bean
s (H
P-20
0)Pa
rkinsonrsquos
the en
d of the 12
-week study
clinical trial JA
ltern Com
plem
ent
Cow
-itch plan
tdisease
indicated
a significant improve
men
tMed
199
51(3)249
ndash255
in the
ir Parkins
onrsquos con
ditions
Mucuna pruriens
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally dosed
Aqu
eous
or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D et al Com
mon
ly used Ind
ian
of pow
dered
plant
for 10
day
sthe plants were studied in rats for 10
abortifacien
t plan
ts w
ith sp
ecial
material Adhatoda
day
s after insemination with sp
ecial
referenc
e to the
ir teratolog
ic effects
vasica Abrus
referenc
e to effects of fetal
in rats J Ethno
pharm 199
236
precatorius Acacia
dev
elop
men
t Lea
f ex
tracts of
147ndash
154
arabica Aloe
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
barbadensis Anethum
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
sowa Apium
equiva
lent to 17
5 mg
kg starting dr
ypetroselinium Banbusa
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
arundensis Blepharis
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
edulis Butea
appeared to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
monosperma Hibiscus
at the
doses tested
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
sativum Mesua ferrea
Moringa oleifera
Mucuna pruriens
Raphamus sativus
Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
465
(continued)
Myristica fragrans
Ethan
olic extract of
Albino rabb
its
Total cho
lesterol LD
L triglycerides
Ram
A e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic effect
Hou
tt
Myristica fragrans 500
and con
trols
and cho
lesterol w
ere all sign
ifican
tly
of Myristica fragransfruit extract in
MYRISTIC
ACEAE
mg
kg orally
daily for
reduc
ed T
he extract also sh
owed
rabb
its JEthno
pharm 199
655
(1)
Jatiph
alam
60 day
splatelet an
tiag
greg
atory ab
ility and
a49
ndash53
Nutm
egsign
ifican
t decrease in lev
els of total
cholesterol in hea
rt and
liver
Myristica fragrans
Myristica fragransseed
Hyp
erch
o-The
extract red
uced serum and
LDL
Sharma A e
t al Pr
even
tion
of hy
per-
extract
lesterolem
icch
olesterol by
691
and
763
ch
olesterolemia and
atherosclerosis
rabb
its
resp
ective
ly S
ignificant decrease in
in rab
bits after supp
lemen
tation
of
cholesterolph
osph
olipid ratio by
Myristica fragransseed
extract
312 and
an increase in the HDL-
Indian J Ph
ysiol Pha
rmacol 199
5ratio The
extract preve
nted
39(4)4
07ndash4
10
accu
mulation of cho
lesterol
pho
spho
lipid and
triglyc
eride in the
liver h
eart and
aorta E
xtract
dissolved
atherom
atou
s plaqu
es of
aorta by
709ndash76
5 Fe
cal ex
cretion
of cho
lesterol and
pho
spho
lipids were
sign
ifican
tly increa
sed
Myristica fragrans
Aril of the
plant
Mice proge
nyThe
possible tran
sfer of the active
Cha
bra SK
Rao
AR Trans
mam
mary
Myristica fragrans
princ
iple of mace through
trans
-mod
ulatio
n of xen
obiotic metab
oliz-
Aqu
eous
susp
ension
at
mam
mary route and
its ability to
ing en
zymes in liv
er ofmou
se
dose of 0025
or 01 g pe
rmod
ulate he
patic xeno
biotic
pup
s by
mace (Myristica fragrans
anim
al per day
metab
olizing en
zymes in the F1
Hou
tt) JEthno
pha
rm 199
4ad
ministered by oral
proge
ny w
as studied O
nly 14-day
-old
42(3)1
69ndash1
77
gava
ge to dam
s day
1 of
pup
s of dam
s receiving either m
ace
lactation an
d con
tinu
eddose sh
owed
significantly inc
reased
for 14
21 day
she
patic glutathion
e pe
roxidase leve
ls
Myristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg D
ose of
Mice
Mod
ifying
poten
tial of areca nu
t on
Sing
h A R
ao A
R M
odulatory effect
05
or 1
mace
the induc
tion
of the he
patic
of A
reca nut in the
action of m
ace
detox
ification sy
stem
in mice by
(Myristica fragrans H
outt) on
the
mace was studied At 05
and
1
hepa
tic detox
ification sy
stem
in
mace in the
diet areca nu
t reduc
edmice Foo
d C
hem T
oxicol 199
3mace-induc
ed inc
reases in he
patic
31(7)5
17ndash5
21
glutathion
e S-tran
sferase an
dsu
lfhy
dryl lev
els an
d eleva
ted furthe
rincrea
ses in lev
els of cytoc
hrom
e b5
and P45
0
466
Myristica fragrans
1 caps
ule 3
3per day
30 patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR C
linical eva
luation of
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
compo
site A
yurved
ic dru
gs on
co
ntaining
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus50
mg
ureters or
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urinary blad
der Aryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
blad
ders
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
mg Eclipta alba
100
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
mg Myristica fragrans
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
10 m
g Tinospora
greater than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
cordifolia10
0 mg
Tribulus terrestris5
0mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gMyristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg Oral
Mice with
Declin
e in the
inc
iden
ce of carcinom
as
Hus
sain SP R
ao A
R C
hemop
reve
ntive
administration of 10 mg
induc
edwas highly sign
ifican
t co
mpared
to
action
of mace (Myristica fragrans
per m
ouse per day
for 7
carcinog
enesis
controls
Hou
tt) on
methy
lcho
lanthren
e-day
s be
fore and
90 day
sin uterine
induced carcino
gene
sis in the
after carcinog
en threa
dcervix
uterine cervix in mice C
ancer Le
ttinserted
1991
56(3)231
ndash234
Myristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg Animals
Mice
A significant declin
e of skin pa
pillo
ma
Jann
u LN e
t al Che
mop
reve
ntive
received
diet of 1
inciden
ce com
pared
to co
ntrols
action
of mace (Myristica fragrans
mace
was obs
erve
d
Hou
tt) on
DBMA-ind
uced pa
pillo-
mag
enesis in the skin of mice
Can
cer Lett 19
9156(1)59ndash
63
Myristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg 1
or
Mice
A significant inc
rease in glutathione
Kumari MV Rao
AR Effect of
2 m
ace diet for 10
S-tran
sferase activity and
in acid
mace (Myristica fragrans
Hou
tt)
day
ssoluble su
lfhy
dryl grou
ps in the
liver
on cytosolic glutathione
S-
was noted
tran
sferase activity and
acid soluble
sulfhy
dryl leve
l in m
ouse liver
Can
cer Lett 19
891546
(2)8
7ndash91
Nardostachys
Each tablet con
tains 10
039
patients with
Preparation was eva
luated
for clin
ical
Ran
i PU
Naidu UR S
ubjective an
djatamansi
(D
mg of alcoh
olic extract
insomnia
efficacy
and
safety in ins
omnia by
polyso
mno
grap
hic ev
aluation of a
Don
) DC
of roo
t of Rauwolfia
subjective
and
polysom
nograp
hic
herbal prepa
ration
in insomnia
VALERIA
NACEAE
serpentina 10
0 mg of
metho
d The
prepa
ration
produc
edPh
ytom
edicine 19
985(4)2
53ndash2
57
Jataman
sirh
izom
e pow
der of
sign
ifican
t im
prov
emen
t in sleep
Musk roo
tNardostachys jatamansi
parameters The
preparation did not
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
467
(continued)
and 100
mg aq
ueou
sproduc
e an
y feeling of han
gove
r or
extract of roo
t stem
day
tim
e sleeplessn
ess 11 pa
tien
tsleaf of Tinospora
complained
of mild
epigastric distress
cordifolia
2 tab
lets at
after the test dru
g It can be
con
cluded
bedtime for 21
day
sthe prepa
ration
had
goo
d hyp
notic
activity and
can
be us
ed in insomnia
Nardostachys
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of
topical
jatamansi
Glycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plic
ations of he
rbal formulations
Holarrhena
comparative
mixtures Successful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
antidysenterica
study 49
grou
ps A
and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative
study
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
JMed
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Santalum
album
ad
ults with
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
trea
tmen
t prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
sTerminalia chebula
mod
erate
of action remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
facial acn
eNardostachys
Alcoh
olic extract of the
Male albino
The
se data indicate an
ove
rall
Prab
hu V
et al E
ffects of Nardostachys
jatamansi
roots of Nardostachys
Wistar rats
sign
ifican
t increase in the leve
ls of
jatamansi
on bioge
nic am
ines and
jatamansi
central mon
oamines and
inh
ibitory
inhibitory amino acids in the
rat
amino acids
brain Planta Med
199460(2)1
14ndash117
Nardostachys
50 extract of Curcuma
Rats
The
extracts increased H
DL-total
Dixit V
P e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic
jatamansi
longaan
d Nardostachys
cholesterol ratio an
d also caus
ed a
effects of Curcuma LongaL and
jatamansi
(who
le plant)
sign
ifican
t decrease in the
ratio of
Nardostachys jatamansi D
C in
total ch
olesterolph
ospho
lipid
triton
-ind
uced
hyp
erlip
idae
mic
Curcuma longaex
hibited better
rats Ind
ian JP
hysiol Pha
rmacol
cholesterol an
d triglyc
eride decreas-
1988
32(4)299
ndash304
ing activity tha
n Nardostachys
jatamansi
Nardostachys
Essen
tial oils
of Mentha
Molds an
dThe
se oils
were fung
istatic or
Sarbho
y AK et al Efficacy of som
e jatamansi
arvensis M
entha
fung
usfung
icidal to on
e or the
other m
olds
essential oils and
the
ir con
stituen
ts
piperita Anethum
sowa
dep
ending on
the
con
centration
son
few
ubiqu
itous
molds
Zen
tralbl
Cymbogopon winterianus
Bak
teriol [Natur
wiss] 197
813
3(7ndash
8)
Nardostachys jatamansi
723ndash
725
and Commiphora mukul
Nardostachys
Active princ
iple of
Rab
bits d
ogs
Antiarrhy
thmic action of Nardostachys
Arora R
B M
adan
BR A
ntiarrhy
th-
jatamansi
Nardostachys jatamansi
cats mice
jatamansi
and quinidine were
mics Part III Antiarrhy
thmic
inve
stigated
Com
pared
on the electro-
activity of Nardostachys jatamansi
card
iogram
Nardostachys jatamansi
(an Indian indigen
ous dr
ug)
caus
ed a decrease in the
prolong
ation
Ind J M
ed R
es 195
644
(2)2
59ndash2
69
of refractory period and
a decreased
slow
ing of con
duction a distinc
tad
vantag
e ov
er quinidine Nardostachys
jatamansi
may
be us
eful in cases of
auricu
lar flutter
468
Nelum
bo nucifera
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats
The
extract produced a significant
Mukh
erjee PK
et al Antipyretic
Gaertn
Nelum
bo nucifera
dose-dep
enden
t decrease of normal
activity of Nelum
bo nucifera
rhizom
e NELUMBONACEAE
rhizom
e D
oses of 20
0bo
dy temperatur
e an
d a yea
st-
extract Indian
J Exp
Biol 19
9634(3)
Kam
al30
0 or 40
0 mg
kgprovo
ked inc
rease of bod
y27
5ndash27
6Sa
cred
lotus
temperature The
effect produc
ed w
ascomparab
le w
ith the an
tipy
retic dru
gparacetam
ol
Nelum
bo nucifera
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats an
dThe
extract w
as fou
nd to cause a
Mukh
erjee PK
et al Studies on
rhizom
es of Nelum
bomice
reduc
tion
in sp
ontane
ous activity a
psych
opha
rmacolog
ical effects of
nucifera
decrease in exp
loratory beh
avioral
Nelum
bo nucifera
Gaertn rhizo
me
patterns a decrease in m
uscle relax
ant
extract JE
thno
pharm 199
654
(2ndash3
)activity and
it sign
ifican
tly
63ndash6
7poten
tiated
the
pen
toba
rbiton
einduc
ed sleep
ing time
Nelum
bo nucifera
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats
The
extract-treated
animals sh
owed
Mukh
erjee PK
et al Antidiarrho
eal
rhizom
es of Nelum
bosign
ifican
t inhibitory activity ag
ains
tev
alua
tion
of Nelum
bo nucifera
nucifera
castor oil induced diarrhe
a an
drhizom
e ex
tract Indian
J Pha
rmacol
inhibited significantly PGE-2induced
1995
27(4)262
ndash264
en
teropoo
ling in rats It also sho
wed
sign
ifican
t decreases in ga
strointestinal
motility after a cha
rcoa
l mea
lNelum
bo nucifera
Decoction
of Crataegus
Human
sThe
decoc
tion
produced a red
uction
La Cou
r B e
t al Traditiona
l Chine
se
cuneata Nelum
boof triglyc
eride an
d cho
lesterol
med
icine in treatmen
t of hyp
er-
nucifera
and
lipidae
mia J Ethno
pharm 1995
Gynostemma
46(2)1
25ndash1
29
pentaphylla
Nelum
bo nucifera
Pow
dered
sun-dried
Normal
Study of gluco
se toleran
ce cur
ves sh
ows
Hur
alikuppi A
B et al Anti-diabe
tic
flow
ers (test dru
g) and
albino
that duration
of hy
perglyc
emia w
as
effect of Nelum
bo nucifera
(Gae
rtn)
aqueo
us an
d alco
holic
rabb
its
notably reduc
ed com
pared
with co
ntrols
Part I prelim
inary stud
ies in rab
bits
extracts of Nelum
boThe
extracts effects were co
mpa
rable
Phy
tother R
es 199
15(2)54ndash
58
nucifera
to tha
t pr
oduc
ed by 25
0 mg
kg of
tolbutamide The
extracts sign
ifican
tly
dep
ressed
hyp
erglyc
emia ind
uced
by
adrena
line hy
droch
loride
Nelum
bo nucifera
Air-dried
flowers of
Normal rats
Lon
g-term
administration of extracts
Hur
alikuppi JC et al Antidiabe
tic
Nelum
bo nucifera
diabe
tic
did not produce sustaine
d fall of fasting
effect of Nelum
bo nucifera
(Gae
rtn)
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPH
ARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
469
(continued)
fine
ly pow
dered
rabb
its
bloo
d suga
r leve
ls altho
ugh
daily
extract Part II P
hytother R
es 199
1aq
ueo
us an
d alcoh
olic
doses cau
sed hyp
oglycemia as an
521
7ndash22
3ex
tracts
acute effect The
extracts sh
owed
acute and
chron
ic effects in su
ppress-
ing hy
perglycemia bu
t were less
potent tha
n stan
dard dru
gs T
heextract sign
ifican
tly im
prov
ed gluco
setoleranc
eNelum
bo nucifera
Nefereine
alkaloid extracted
Cats
The
results ind
icate that neferine an
dLi GR e
t al Effects of ne
ferine
on
from
the
green
seed
quinidine ha
ve sim
ilar effects on
heart
heart electrom
echa
nical activity in
embryo
of Nelum
bo
electrom
echa
nical activity
anae
sthe
tized cats [Chine
se]
nucifera D
ose of 1ndash1
0 Chu
ng-K
uo Yao
Li Hsu
eh Pao
-mg
kg IV
Acta Pha
rmacolog
ica Sinica 199
011
158
ndash161
Nyctanthes arbor-
Water soluble fraction
of
Mice
Oral ad
ministraton
of the ex
tract sh
owed
Pau
l BN Sa
xena
AK Dep
letion
of
tristisL
the etha
nolic
extract of
a co
nsistent dep
letion
of tumor necrosis
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
in
OLEACEAE
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
factor-a
(TNF-
a) from
the
host plasma
mice by
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Parijata
Varying
doses of 1 10
The
extract also reduced plasma
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
756
(2)1
53ndash1
58
Night ja
smine
50 a
nd 100
mg
interferon
-g lev
el but the plasm
a im
mun
oglobu
lin M
(IgM) an
d immuno
-glob
ulin G
(IgG) leve
ls w
ere no
t affected
The
extract m
ay be effective
in clin
ical disorders in the
man
agem
ent
of TNF-
a
Nyctanthes arbor-
50 ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Strong
stimulation
of an
tige
n sp
ecific
Pur
i A et al Im
muno
stim
ulant
tristis
seed
s flowers an
dan
d non
specific immun
ity was noted
activity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
leav
es of Nyctanthes
Max
imum activity foun
d in seed
s in
L J Ethno
pha
rm 199
442
(1)
arbor-tristisOral do
sewhich
the
active princ
iple app
eared
31ndash3
7of 25 mg
kg per day
for
asso
ciated
with lip
ids In flow
ers an
d7 day
sleav
es the
major activity was fou
ndin the
aqu
eous fraction
of the 50
etha
nol ex
tract
Nyctanthes arbor-
Water-solub
le portion
of
Rats
The
extract exh
ibited
significant asp
irin-
Saxena
RS et al A
nalgesic a
ntipyretic
tristis
an ethan
olic extract of
like an
tino
ciceptive
activity bu
t faile
d
and ulcerog
enic activity of
leav
es of Nyctanthes
to produce m
orph
ine-lik
e an
alge
sia
Nyctanthes arbor-tristisleaf extract
arbor-tristis
The
ex
tract was also foun
d to possess
JEthno
pharm 198
719
(2)1
93ndash2
00
antipyretic activity an
d produ
ced gastric
ulcers
Nyctanthes arbor-
Water-solub
le portion
of
Rats
The
extract inh
ibited
acu
te inflammatory
Saxe
na R
S et al S
tudy of anti-inflam
-tristis
an ethan
olic extract of
edem
a induced in the hind
paw and
matory activity in the leav
es of
the leav
es of Nyctanthes
sign
ifican
tly decreased
acu
te inflam-
Nyc
tanthe
s arbo
r tristis Linn
arbor-tristis
Ex
tract
matory sw
ellin
g on
the
kne
e joint
mdashAn Indian med
icinal plant J
administered orally
in
Acu
te and
chron
ic pha
ses of ind
uced
Ethno
pharm 198
411
(3)3
19ndash3
30
doses ran
ging
from 05
arthritis an
d the
inflammation produc
ed
to 80 gkg
by immuno
logic metho
ds were also
sign
ifican
tly inhibited
470
Ocimum
sanctum
L
Aqu
eous
extract of the
Mice
The
extract administered with radio-
Gan
asou
ndari A et al Mod
ification
LABIATAE
leav
es of Ocimum
therap
y ga
ve a highe
r stem
cell
of bon
e marrow rad
iosens
itivity
Tulsi
sanctum
survival rate (p
005
) co
mpa
red to
by m
edicinal plant extracts Br J
Holy ba
sil
WR-272
1 an
d rad
iotherap
y W
hile
Rad
iol 19
9770(83
4)599
ndash602
W
R-272
1 ha
d a tox
ic effect Ocimum
sanctum
trea
tmen
t sh
owed
no su
cheffect
Ocimum
sanctum
Ocimum
sanctum
fixe
dInduc
edOcimum
sanctum
oil an
d linoleic acid
Sing
h S M
ajumdar D
K E
valuation
oil
paw
edem
awere found
to po
ssess sign
ifican
tof antiin
flam
matory activity of
antiinflam
matory activity
fatty acids of Ocimum
sanctum
fixe
d oil Ind
ian J Exp
Biol 19
97
35(4)3
80ndash3
83
Ocimum
sanctum
Ethan
olic extract of
Rats
Treatmen
t with the extract preve
nted
Sembu
linga
m K
et al Effect of
Ocimum
sanctum
chan
ges in the
plasm
a leve
l of
Ocimum
sanctum
Linn on
noise
corticosterone
ind
uced exp
osur
e to
induced cha
nges in plasma
both acu
te and
chr
onic noise stress
tico
steron
e leve
l Indian JP
hysiol
Pha
rmacol 199
741
(2)1
39ndash1
43
Ocimum
sanctum
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
ergly-
The
formulation
had
little effect on
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
sanctum Picrorhiza
cemic rats
bloo
d sug
ar con
centration
s bu
t doses
Trasina
an
Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
induc
ed a dose-related decrease in
form
ulation
on pan
crea
tic islet
cordifolia Withania
streptozo
tocin (STZ) hy
perglyc
emia
supe
roxide dismutase activity in
somniferaD
oses 1
00
and atten
uation
of ST
Z ind
uced a
hyperglyc
aemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
200 mg
kg PO
13decrease in islet sup
erox
ide dismutase
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
day
for 28 day
sactivity in eu
glyc
emic rats
Ocimum
sanctum
Lea
f ex
tract of Ocimum
Mice
Ocimum
sanctum
extract sign
ifican
tly
Gan
asou
ndari A et al Protection
sanctum
reduc
ed the
gen
eration of hyd
roxy
lag
ainst radiation
-ind
uced chr
omo-
radical
some dam
age in m
ouse bon
e marrow by Ocimum
sanctum
Mutat
Res 199
737
3(2)271
ndash276
Ocimum
sanctum
Ocimum
sanctum
leaf
Diabe
tic rats
Obs
erva
tion
s indicate a sign
ifican
tRai V
et al Effect of T
ulasi (Ocimum
pow
der
hypo
glyc
emic and
hyp
olipidem
icsanctum) leaf pow
der supp
lemen
ta-
effect on diabe
tic rats
tion
on bloo
d sug
ar lev
els serum
lip
ids an
d tissu
e in diabe
tic rats
Plant Foo
ds Hum
Nutr 19
9750(1)
9ndash16
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
471
Ocimum
sanctum
Fixe
d oil of Ocimum
Induc
ed paw
Oil of Ocimum
sanctum
was fou
nd to
Sing
h S et al Ev
aluation of anti-
sanctum
edem
a in rats
possess significant anti-inflam
matory
inflam
matory poten
tial of fixe
d oil
activity aga
inst carrage
enan
- an
d other
of Ocimum
sanctum
(Holy ba
sil)
med
iator-induced paw
edem
a in rats
and its pos
sible mecha
nism
of
action
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
654
(1)
19ndash2
6Ocimum
sanctum
Extract of Ocimum
Con
trolled
Results indicated
a significant decrease
Agraw
al P e
t al Ran
domized
sanctum
sing
le blin
din fasting
pos
tprand
ial bloo
d gluco
se
placebo
-con
trolled s
ingle blind
trial hu
man
sleve
ls dur
ing trea
tmen
t with ho
ly basil
trial of holy ba
sil leav
es in patients
leav
es com
pared
to trea
tmen
t with
with no
nins
ulin
-dep
enden
t Diabetes
placebo
leave
smellitus Int JC
lin Ph
armacol The
r 19
9634(9)406
ndash409
Ocimum
sanctum
Alcoh
olic extract of Ocimum
Mice
The
extract significantly inc
reased
Ban
erjee S et al M
odulatory
sanctum
leav
es 40
0 an
d
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d glutathione
influen
ce of alco
holic
extract of
800 mg
kg bod
y weigh
t S-tran
sferase leve
ls tha
t are
Ocimum leave
s on
carcino
gen-
for 15 day
sim
portant in the detox
ification of
metab
olizing en
zyme activities and
carcinog
ens as w
ell as m
utag
ens
reduc
ed glutathione
lev
els in m
ouse
Nutr C
ancer 19
9625(2)205
ndash217
Ocimum
sanctum
Water and
aqu
eous
Albino mice
The
water extract w
as m
ore radio-
Dev
i PU G
anasou
ndari A R
adio-
etha
nolic
extract of
protective than
the
aqu
eous
protective effect of leaf extract on
Ocimum
sanctum
etha
nolic
extract and
less toxic
Indian med
icinal plant Ocimum
sanctum Indian J Exp
Biol 19
95
33(3)2
05ndash2
08
Ocimum
sanctum
Fresh leav
es of Ocimum
Albino rats
Sign
ifican
t redu
ction in serum
total
Sarkar A
et al Cha
nges in the bloo
d
sanctum
mixed
as 1 g
cholesterol triglyceride
s pho
spho
-lip
id profile after administration of
and 2 g in 10
0 g
lipid and
LDL a
nd significantly
Ocimum sanctum
(Tulsi) leav
es in the
of diet for 4 weeks
increa
sed H
DL and
total fecal
norm
al albino rabb
its Ind
ian J Ph
ysiol
sterol con
tents was obs
erve
d
Pha
rmacol 199
438
(4)3
11ndash3
12
Ocimum
sanctum
Ethan
olic extract of Ocimum
Mice with indu
ced
Sign
ifican
t redu
ction in tumor inc
iden
ce
Prasha
r R et al Che
mop
reve
ntive
sanctum
leav
es Top
ical
skin pap
illom
aav
erag
e nu
mbe
r of tumors
tumor-
action
by an
extract from Ocimum
administration
gene
sis
bearing mice an
d cumulative nu
mbe
r sanctum
on m
ouse skin pap
illom
a-of pap
illom
as w
as observe
d
gene
sis an
d its
enh
ancemen
t of skin
glutathion
e S-tans
ferase activity
and
acid solub
le sulfyd
ryl leve
l Anti-
canc
er D
rugs
199
45(5)567
ndash572
Ocimum
sanctum
Alcoh
olic extract of Ocimum
Diabe
tic rats
Marke
d lowering of blood
suga
r leve
l in
Cha
ttop
adhy
ay R
R Hyp
oglycemic
sanctum
leav
es admin-
norm
al gluco
se fed
hyp
erglyc
emic and
effect of Ocimum
sanctum
leaf
istered orally
streptozo
tocin induced diab
etic rats was
extract in normal and
strep
to-
noted T
he extract poten
tiated
action of
zotocin diabe
tic rats Indian
exog
enou
s insu
lin in no
rmal rats
JExp
Biol 19
9331(11
)891
ndash893
Ocimum
sanctum
Extract of Ocimum
Rats
The
extract red
uced ulcer index
free an
d
Man
dal S et al Ocimum
sanctum
sanctum
total acidity on
sho
rt-term and
lon
g-Linnmdash
A study on
gastric ulceration
term
administration
and gastric secretion
in rats Ind
JPhy
siol Pha
rmacol 199
337
(1)
91ndash9
2
(continued)
472
Ocimum
sanctum
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
d rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
sanctum
leav
es an
d Papaver
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
somnifera
seed
s sign
ifican
tly
Indian plan
t produc
ts Fo
od C
hem
asafoetida Moringa
inhibited neo
plasia alon
e The
seTox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
oleifera O
cimum
plan
ts m
ay prove
to be
valuab
lesanctum Papaver
anticarcinog
ens
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Ocimum
sanctum
Ethan
ol extract of the
Mice an
d rats
Ocimum
sanctum
extract was screene
d
Sakina
MR e
t al Pr
elim
inary
leav
es of Ocimum
for its effect on the central ne
rvou
s ps
ycho
pha
rmacolog
ical eva
luation
sanctum
system
Halop
eridol and
sulpride D
2 of Ocimum
sanctum
leaf ex
tract
receptor an
tago
nists whe
n give
n JE
thno
pharm 199
028
143
ndash150
with Ocimum
extract fully
block
ed
the effect of the latter sugg
esting
a po
ssible D
2 receptor mecha
nism
for Ocimum
extract
Ocimum
sanctum
Metha
nol ex
tract an
d an
Albino rats
The
results of the
study
sugg
est a
God
hwan
i S et al Ocimum
sanctum
mdashaq
ueo
us su
spen
sion
of
immuno
stim
ulant cap
ability for
A prelim
inary stud
y ev
aluating its
Ocimum
sanctum
leav
esOcimum
sanctum
that m
ay be
immuno
regu
latory profile in
contribu
tory in ex
plaining
the
albino
rats JEthn
opha
rmad
aptoge
nic action
of the plan
t19
882419
3ndash19
8Ocimum
sanctum
Metha
nol an
d aqu
eous
Rats an
d m
ice
Both ex
tracts inh
ibited
acu
te as well
God
hwan
i S et al Ocimum
sanctum
su
spen
sion
of Ocimum
as chr
onic inflammation in rats The
An ex
perim
ental study ev
alua
ting
sanctum
anti-inflammatory resp
onse of 50
0its an
ti-inflammatory ana
lgesic
mg
kg of metha
nol ex
tract an
dan
d antipyretic activity in animals
aque
ous su
spen
sion
was com
parab
leJE
thno
pharm 198
721
153
ndash163
to the
respon
se observe
d w
ith 30
0mg
kg of so
dium salicylate
Oryza sativaL
Oryza sativa-water
Rat m
odel of
All so
lution
s either decreased
cho
lera
Rolston
DD et al Fo
od-based
GRAMIN
EAE
Eleusine coracana
-secretory
toxin-induc
ed net w
ater secretion
solution
s are a viab
le alterna
tive
Sa
liwater Maranta
diarrh
ea(Maranta arundinacea) or rev
ersed it
to gluco
se-electrolyte solutions
for
Sali
arundinacea Cocos
to net absorption
Eleusine coracana
oral hyd
ration
in acute diarrho
eamdash
mucifera-w
ater W
HO-
water produc
ed m
axim
um net w
ater
Stud
ies in a rat m
odel of secretory
oral reh
ydration
abso
rption
significantly greater tha
ndiarrho
ea Trans
R Soc
Trop M
edso
lution
(ORS)
the W
HO-O
RS
Hyg
iene
199
084
(1)1
56ndash1
59
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
473
Oryza sativa
Water extract of Oryza
Mice
The
extract significantly red
uced the
Hikino H et al Isolation an
d hyp
o-sativa
bran
IP
plasma su
gar leve
l Fraction
ation an
dglyc
emic activity of oryza
bran
s A
administration
mon
itoring the activity of furn
ishe
dB C an
d D
glyc
ans of Oryza sativa
4 glyc
ans oryza
-brans
A B
C an
d D
bran
Plan
ta M
ed 198
854
1ndash3
resu
lted
The
se polysacch
arides
exerted marke
d hyp
oglycemic effects
in normal and
ind
uced hy
perglyc
emic
mice
Oryza sativa
Rice pow
der
Con
trolled
Rice po
wder oral rehy
dration
solution
Moh
an M
et al Rice pow
der
ORS co
mpa
red to
rand
omized
is safe effective
and
an acceptable
oral reh
ydration
solution
as an
stan
dard gluco
se-
trial 50
male
altern
ative to stand
ard W
HO gluco
se-
altern
ative to gluco
se electrolyte
electrolyte
child
ren
electrolyte so
lution
for the
treatmen
tso
lution
Indian JM
ed R
es 198
8of acu
te diarrhe
a in infan
ts and
87234
ndash239
ch
ildren
Paederia foetidaL
Butano
l fraction
of a
Rats
The
extract produ
ced a significant
De S et al Inv
estiga
tion
of the an
ti-
RUBIACEAE
metha
nol ex
tract of the
inhibition
of gran
ulation
tissu
e for-
inflam
matory effects of Paederia
Prada
rini
defatted lea
ves of
mation in cotton-pe
llet im
plan
ted rats
foetida J Ethno
pha
rm 199
443
(1)
Chine
se flower
Paederia foetida 100
and inh
ibited
the
eleva
tion
of seru
m31
ndash38
plant
and 20
0 mg
kg IP
orosom
ucold lev
els R
esults indicate a
injection daily for 7 day
sration
al for the
use of the ex
tract to
trea
t inflam
matory disorders
Paederia foetida
Water soluble fraction
Rats an
d m
ice
Anti-inflam
matory activity obs
erve
dSing
h S et al Anti-inflam
matory
of Paederia foetida
in ind
uced
edem
a in rats an
d m
ice
activity of Paederia foetida
also in long
-term m
odels of adjuva
ntFitoterapia 199
464
(4)3
57ndash3
62
and formaldeh
yde arthritis
Paederia foetida
Dried
unripe fruit pow
der
Ran
dom
ized
Treatmen
t with all these plan
ts did not
Haide
r R et al Eva
luation of ind
ige-
of Aegle marmelos dried
dou
ble-blind
show
any
clin
ical improve
men
t or
nous plants in the
treatmen
t of
pow
der plant of
clinical trial
bacteriological cu
re as compared
to
acute sh
igellosis Trop Geo
gr M
ed
Hydrocotyle asiatica
82 m
en w
ith
ampicillin
1991
43(3)266
ndash270
dried
pow
der of
shigellosis
Paederia foetida
Peucedanum
Peucedanum graveolensan
dHum
an con
sump-
Loc
ally grown food
was studied for
Desai S et al Com
pen
dium of
graveolens
(L)
Chenopodium
album
astion
its
b-caroten
e co
nten
t to preve
ntdietary sou
rces of vitamin A
in the
CB Clarke
a food
sou
rce
nutritiona
l blindne
ss W
omen
of west
Tha
r desert Indian JO
phtha
lmol
UMBELLIFERAE
Rajasthan
were interviewed
to
1992
40(4)106
ndash108
Misroya
determine co
mmon
dietary items O
fSa
tapu
shpi
food
s selected
on
ly Peucedanum
Indian dill
graveolens
and Chenopodium
album
at 100
g provided
RDA for a 1ndash3
-ye
ar-old-child
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plan
ts significantly inh
ibited
the
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of som
e Indian
Roy
le ex Ben
th
Picrorhiza kurrooa
carcinog
en och
ratoxin-indu
ced
herbs on
macroph
age func
tion
s SC
ROPH
ULA
RIA
CEA
ETinospora cordifolia
supp
ression of che
motactic activity
in och
ratoxin A treated
mice J
Katula K
atki
Withania somnifera
and the
produc
tion
of interleu
kin-1
Ethno
pha
rm 199
758
15ndash
20
Kuru
and TNF-
aby
macroph
ages
(continued)
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
erglye
mic
Herba
l form
ulation
had
little effect on
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
sanctum Picrorhiza
rats
bloo
d suga
r co
ncen
trations
but dos
esTrasina
an Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
induced a dose-related decrease in
form
ulation
on pa
ncreatic islet
cordifolia W
ithania
STZ hyp
erglyc
emia an
d atten
uation
superox
ide dismutase activity in
somniferaDoses 100
of STZ ind
uced a decrease in islet
hyperglyc
aemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
200 mg
kg PO
13su
peroxide dismutase activity in
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
per day
for 28 day
seu
glyc
aemic rats
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
(12
mg
kg P
O)
Rats
After exp
osur
e to alcoh
ol Picroliv
Rastogi R
et al Picroliv
protects
an iridoid glyco
side
reduced the
deg
ree of cha
nge in m
ost
agains
t alco
hol-induced chron
ic
fraction
of Picrorrhiza
of the
param
eters induced by alco
hol
hepatotox
icity in rats Planta Med
kurrooa
1996
62(3)283
ndash285
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroside 1 an
d 2
Ran
dom
ized
The
present study ha
s sh
own a
Vaidya
AB e
t al Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picrorhiza kurrooaroot
dou
ble-blind
biolog
ical plausibility of efficacy of
(Kutaki) Roy
le ex Ben
th as a
pow
der 375
mg 33
placebo
-Picrorhiza kurrooaas supp
orted by
hepatop
rotective ag
entmdash
per day
was given
for
controlle
dclinical trial in viral he
patitis
Exp
erim
ental amp
clinical studies J
2 weeks
(n
515
) or a
trial patients
hepatop
rotection in animal m
odel
Postgrad
Med
199
642
(4)1
05ndash108
match
ing placebo
with acute
and an ap
proach for stan
dardizing
(n5
18)
viral he
patitis
extracts based
on picroside
con
tent
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were pr
ophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Proph
ylactic therap
y Boerhavia diffusa
septicemia
administered pos
tinfective
pr
einfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicem
ia in
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
Salmonella
sing
le and
multiple doses of ex
tract
mice with a trad
itiona
lly prescribe
d
Terminalia chebula
typhi
and had
a significant the
rape
utic
crude dru
g form
ulation JEthno
-Tinospora cordifolia
effect in reducing
sep
ticemia
pharm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aq
ueo
us alco
hol etha
nol
1 stock
solution
used
to prepare dilu
tion
sOral or sub
cutane
ous
administration
Picrorhiza kurrooa
50 ethan
olic extract
Exp
erim
ental
The
extract w
as fou
nd to stim
ulate
Sharma ML et al Immuno
stim
ulatory
Picrorhiza kurrooa
anim
als
cell-med
iated and
hum
oral
activity of Picrorhiza kurrooaleaf
doses ran
ged from 25ndash
compo
nents of the
immune
system as
extract J Ethno
pharm 199
441
(3)
200 mg
kgwell as pha
gocy
tosis
185ndash
192
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv Iridoid glyco
side
Rats
Picroliv
can
rev
erse D-galactosamine- or
Dwived
i Y et al Perfusion
with
fraction
of Picrorhiza
thioacetam
ide-induced he
patic dam
age
picroliv rev
erses bioc
hemical
kurrooa
chan
ges induced in liv
ers of rats
474
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
toxicated w
ith ga
lactos
amine
or thioc
etam
ide Planta Med
199
359
(5)4
18ndash4
20
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Picroliv w
as given
to aflatoxin B1 toxicated
Dwived
i Y e
t al Picroliv
protects
fraction
of Picrorhiza
rats the
majority of the
bioch
emical
against aflatoxin B1
acu
tehe
patotox-
kurrooa25
mg
kg for 7
and histological ch
ange
s were sign
ifican
tly
icity in rats Pha
rmacol R
es
day
sprotected
19
9327(2)189
ndash199
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Mice
Picroliv significantly inc
reased
immuno
-Pu
ri A
et al Im
mun
ostimulan
t fraction
of Picrorhiza
stim
ulant activity
activity of Picroliv
the
iridoid
kurrooa 10
mg
kg
glyc
oside fraction
of Picrorhiza
for 7 da
yskurrooa and
its protective action
ag
ains
t Leish
man
ia don
ovan
i infection in ham
sters Planta Med
1992
58(6)528
ndash532
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Sign
ifican
tly pr
even
ted bioch
emical
Dwided
i Y e
t al Picroliv and
its
fraction
of Picrorhiza
chan
ges in liver and
serum of
compon
ents kutkoside an
dkurrooa12
mg
kg for
galactos
amine-toxicated rats
picroside I protect liver aga
inst
7 day
sga
lactos
amine-induced da
mag
ein rats Pha
rmacol Tox
icol
1992
71(5)383
ndash387
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Pretreatmen
t with picroliv preve
nted
the
Ans
ari RA et al Antihep
atotox
ic
fraction
of Picrorhiza
hepatotox
ic effect of paracetam
ol and
properties of picroliv
and
active
kurrooa6ndash
12 m
gkg
galactos
amine as eviden
ced by va
riou
s fraction
from rhizo
mes of Picrorhiza
bioc
hemical and
histopatho
logic
kurrooa JEthno
pha
rm 199
134
ob
servations
61ndash6
8Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Whe
n picroliv w
as administered w
ith
Dwived
i Y e
t al Picroliv
protects
fraction
of Picrorhiza
mon
ocrotalin
e alterations
in most of
agains
t mon
ocrotalin
e-induced
kurrooa25
mg
kgthe bioc
hemical param
eters alon
ghe
patic dam
age in rats Pha
rmacol
with histop
atho
logic ch
ange
s in
Res 199
123
(4)3
99ndash4
07
liver cau
sed by mon
ocrotolin
e were
preve
nted
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats an
d guine
a Picroliv sho
wed
a dose-dep
enden
tSh
ukla S et al C
holeretic effect of
fraction
of Picrorhiza
pigs
choleretic effect an
d possessed
aprico
liv the
princ
iple of he
pato-
kurrooa15ndash12
mg
kgmarke
d anticho
lestatic effect ag
ains
tprotective Picrorhiza kurrooa
paracetam
ol- an
d ethyn
ylestrad
iol-
Planta Med
199
157
(1)2
9ndash33
induc
ed cho
lestasis Picroliv
was
found
to be
more po
tent tha
nsilymarin
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Picroliv preve
nted
most of the
Dwived
i Y e
t al Picroliv
affords
fraction
of Picrorhiza
bioc
hemical cha
nges ind
uced
by
protection ag
ains
t thioacetam
ide-
kurrooa12
5ndash1
2 mg
kgthiocetamide in liver and
serum
induc
ed hep
atic dam
age in rats
Picroliv
was fou
nd to be
com
parab
lePlanta Med
199
157
(1)2
5ndash28
to sily
marin
475
(continued)
Picrorhiza kurrooa
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sha
rma RK Man
agem
ent of
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica Patients with
cong
estive
cardiac failure w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic heart disease
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
card
iomyo
pathy
and
cor pulmon
ale
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash1
26
Cedrus deodara
were give
n pow
der of Inula
Picrorhiza kurrooa
racemosa
while patients with
Terminalia chebula
rheu
matic heart disease w
ere give
nTinospora cordifolia
Commiphora mukul After 2 w
eeks
Trichosantes lobata
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Inula racemosa2 g 8
completely 2 had
bradyc
ardia a
ndho
urly Commiphora
2 were refractory
mukul1
2 g 8 ho
urly
Urgenic indica10
0 mg
8 ho
urly
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picrolex
Hum
an trial
Vitiligo
cau
ses pigmen
tary disfigu
re-
Bed
i KL e
t al Picrorhiza kurrooa an
30 patients
men
t of the
skin due to defective
Ayu
rved
ic herb m
ay poten
tiate
ages 6ndash4
2func
tion
ing of m
elan
ocytes A
ll patients
pho
toch
emothe
rapy in vitiligo
J
resp
onded
to treatm
ent with picrolex
Ethno
pharm 198
927
(3)3
47ndash3
52
except 3
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Pow
dered
tub
erou
s root
Prelm
inary
Picrorhiza kurrooain bronc
hial asthm
a Rajaram
D A
prelim
inary clinical
of Picrorhiza kurrooa
clinical trial
show
ed tha
t of 36 pa
tien
ts 1
9 patients
trial of Picrorhiza kurrooain
75 m
g 23
per day
36 patients
had goo
d relief 9 sh
owed
satisfactory
bron
chial asthma Bom
bay Hosp
relie
f an
d 8 had
no relie
fJ1
97618
(2)6
6ndash69
Piper longum
L
Pippali Rasay
ana an
Con
trolled
Com
plete disap
pearan
ce of Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al Man
agem
ent of
PIPERACEAE
Ayu
rved
ic dru
gclinical trial
from
stools in 23
25 patients resu
lted
giardiasis by
a herba
l dru
g lsquoPippali
Pipali
prep
ared
from Butea
25 patients
Symptom
s of ill he
alth a
bdom
inal
Rasay
anarsquo A clin
ical study J
Lon
g pe
ppe
rmonospermastem
s an
dwith giardiasis
disco
mfort pr
esen
ce of muc
us pu
s cells
Ethno
pharm 199
756
(3)2
33ndash2
36
leav
es and
Piper longum
25 con
trols
and red
blood
cells w
as significantly
dried
fruits A
dministered
reduced Sp
ontane
ous reco
very in 20
at 1 g orally
33
per day
of the
cases w
as recorded
in placebo
for 15
day
sco
ntrol
Piper longum
Fruits of Piper longum
Rat
The
ethan
olic extract and
piperine
Gho
shal S e
t al Antiamoe
bic activity
etha
nol ex
tract an
dcu
red 90
and
40
of rats w
ith
of Piper longum
fruits aga
inst
piperine a pure
caecal amoe
biasis resp
ective
ly
Entam
oeba
histolytica in vitro an
d
compou
nd from the
vivo
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
650
(3)
plan
t16
7ndash17
0
476
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Piper longum
Rats fed for 8 w
eeks
the
Rat
Com
mon
spices or their active
princ
iples
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
follo
wing plants
were ex
amined
for the
ir pos
sible
dietary spices or the
ir active
Brassica species
influen
ce on the digestive
enz
ymes of
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes of
Capsicum annum
intestinal m
uco
sa Dietary curcumin
small intestinal m
ucosa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
caps
aicin piperine and
ginge
r prominen
tly
Int J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash59
Curcuma longa Ferula
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
foetida Piper longum
also the
disacch
aridases sucrase an
d
Piper nigrum
maltase D
ietary cum
in fenu
greek
Trigonella foenum-
mustard and
asafoetida brou
ght ab
out
graecum Zingiber
decreases in the leve
ls of pho
spha
tases
officinale
and suc
rase The
pos
itive influen
ces of
a go
od num
ber of spices on these term
inal
enzy
mes of the digestive
process cou
ld
be an ad
ditiona
l featur
e of species that
are ge
nerally
well recogn
ized
to
stim
ulate digestion
Piper longum
Pippali Rasay
ana
Two grou
ps
Mice infected
with Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al Man
agem
ent of
prep
ared
from Butea
of m
ice with
trop
hozo
ites produc
ed up to 98
giardiasis by an
immun
omod
ulatory
monospermastem
s an
da co
ntrol
reco
very from the
infection
he
rbal dru
g Pippa
li rasaya
na
leav
es and
Piper longum
JEthno
pha
rm 199
444
(3)1
43ndash1
46
dried
fru
its ad
ministered
orally
Piper longum
Piperine an active
Mice
The
princ
iple exerted
significant protec-
Kou
l IB K
apil A E
valuation of the
alka
loidal con
stituen
t of
tion
aga
inst ind
uced
hep
atox
icity
liver protective of piperine an
the ex
tract from
Piper
by decreasing bo
th in vitroan
d in
active
princ
iple of black an
d lon
g longum
and Piper
vivo
lipid perox
idation decreasing
pep
pers Planta Med
199
359
(5)
nigrum
enzy
matic lea
kage
an
d by preve
nting
413ndash
417
dep
letion
of GSH
and
total thiols
Piper longum
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
d rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
sanctum
Aru
na K
Siva
ramak
rish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
leav
es a
nd Papaver somnifera
seed
s Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian plant products Foo
d C
hem
asafoetida M
oringa
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
oleifera Ocimum
be valuab
le anticarcino
gens
sanctum Papaver
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Piper longum
Mixture of Glycyrrhiza
Rats
Duo
den
al ulcerated
rats trea
ted w
ith the
Nad
ar TS Pillai M
M Effect of
glabra Terminalia
mixture recov
ered
faster with co
ncom
itan
t Ayu
rved
ic m
edicines on be
ta-
chebula Piper longum
increa
se in
b-glucu
ronidase activity in the
glucu
ronidase activity of Bru
nnerrsquos
Bru
nnerrsquos gland
glan
ds during
recov
ery from
cy
stea
mine induced duod
enal
ulcers in rats Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
1989
27(11
)959
ndash962
477
(continued)
Piper longum
Spice princ
iples cap
saicin
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
liver
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
curcum
in pipe
rine
Plants
microso
mal cytoc
hrom
e P4
50-dep
enden
t of spices and
pice princ
iples on
Brassica Cinnamomum
aryl hyd
roxy
lase Cum
inum
cyminum
he
patic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
Zingiber officinalean
d Trigonella foenum-
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
cyminum
Ferula foetida
graecum
also stimulated
the
lev
els of
Bioph
ys 198
926
(4)2
54ndash2
58
Tamarindus indica
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
Trigonella foenum-graecum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
Zingiber officinale
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Piper longum
Eithe
r sing
le oral dose
Crossov
er trial
Results obtaine
d rev
ealed tha
t a sing
leBan
o G et al Effect of piperine on
(300
mg) of phe
nytoin
5 he
althy
daily dose of piperine for 7 day
spha
rmok
inetics of phe
nytoin in
alon
e or in co
mbina
tion
vo
lunteers
sign
ifican
tly reduced the
absorption
healthy vo
lunteers P
lanta Med
with multiple dos
es of
half-life prolong
ed the
elim
ination
19875356
8ndash56
9piperine
half-life and
produc
ed a significantly
high
er area und
er the
dru
g conc
en-
tration cu
rve of phe
nytoin in co
mpa
r-ison
to phe
nytoin alone
Piper longum
Piper longum Piper nigrum
Rats
Piperine increased the
blood
lev
els of
Atal CK e
t al Scientific eviden
ce on
and Zingiber officinale
vasicine
by ne
arly 233
Und
er the
the role of Ayu
rved
ic herba
ls on
influen
ce of piperine the
active
bioa
vaila
bility of dru
gs J
princ
iple of Pipersp
ecies sparteine
Ethno
pharm 198
14(2)229
ndash232
bloo
d lev
els increa
sed more than
100
Piper nigrum
L
Rats were fed the
following
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Sriniva
san K Influen
ce of
PIPERACEAE
plan
ts for 8 w
eeks
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or the
ir active
Maricha
Brassicasp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes of
Black pep
per
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
uco
sa D
ietary
small intestinal m
ucosa in rats Int
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcumin capsaicin p
iperine an
dJ Fo
od Sci N
utr 199
547
(1)5
5ndash59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprom
inen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases sucrase an
dTrigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species and
Ferula foetidabrou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
478
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
pho
spha
tases an
d su
crase T
hepositive influe
nces of a go
od numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
Piper nigrum
Piperine an active
Mice
The
princ
iple exe
rted
significant
Kou
l IB K
apil A E
valuation of the
alka
loidal con
stituen
t of
protection ag
ains
t indu
ced hep
atox
icity
liver protective of piperine an
the extract from
Piper
by decreasing bo
th in vitroan
d in
active
princ
iple of black an
d lon
g longum
and Piper
vivo
lipid perox
idation decreasing
pep
pers Planta Med
199
359
(5)
nigrum
enzy
matic leaka
ge an
d by preve
nting
413ndash
417
dep
letion
of GSH
and
total thiols
Piper nigrum
Piperine safrol an
d tan
nic
Mice
Safrol and
tan
nic acid w
ere weak
Wrba H e
t al Carcino
genicity
acid con
stituen
ts of Piper
carcinog
ens co
mpared
with methy
l-testing of som
e co
nstituen
ts of
nigrum
cholan
threne
tha
t was used as a
black pep
per (Piper nigrum) Exp
carcinog
enic con
trol substanc
e Force
Tox
icol Patho
l 19
9244(2)61ndash
65
feed
ing of d-lim
onen
e (a pep
per
terp
enoid) reduced the
ir carcino
genic
activity w
hile force feeding of
piperine (a black pep
per alkaloid) was
ineffective
Piper nigrum
Piperine a m
ajor
Rats
The
alkaloid poten
tiated
pen
toba
rbiton
e Mujumdar A
M e
t al Effect of
alka
loid iso
lated
sleeping time w
ith pea
k effects at 30
piperine on
pen
toba
rbiton
e from
Piper nigrum
minutes Blood
and
brain lev
els were
induced hyp
nosis in rats Ind
ian
high
er in piperine trea
ted animals
JExp
Biol 19
9028(5)486
ndash487
Piperine-treated rats treated
lon
g-term
with ph
enob
arbitone
significantly
poten
tiated
phe
noba
rbiton
e sleeping
time co
mpa
red to co
ntrols
Piper nigrum
Piper nigrum
fruit
Albino rats
A dose-dep
enden
t statistically
significant
Tripathi P et al Thy
roge
nic resp
onse
alco
holic
extract
enha
ncem
ent of the
tissu
e-ox
ygen
uptake
of Piper nigrum Fitoterapia 198
9was observe
d The
perox
idase activity
LX(6)5
39ndash5
42
in the
thy
roid tissu
e increa
sed at the
dose of 40 mg an
d 80 mg
kg Plasma
triio
dothy
ronine
and
thy
roxine
lev
els
were dos
e-dep
enden
t an
d significantly
increa
sed com
pared
to co
ntrols
Piper nigrum
Sing
le oral dose (300
mg)
Crossov
er trial
Results obtaine
d rev
ealed single daily
Ban
o G et al Effect of piperine on
of phe
nytoin alone
or in
5 he
althy
dose of piperine for 7 day
spha
rmok
inetics of phe
nytoin in
combina
tion
with multiple
volunteers
sign
ifican
tly decreased
the
abs
orption
healthy vo
lunteers P
lanta Med
doses of piperine
half-life prolong
ed the
elim
ination
19875356
8ndash56
9ha
lf-life and
produc
ed a significantly
high
er area und
er the
dru
gco
ncen
tration cu
rve of phe
nytoin in
compa
rison to phe
nytoin alone
479
(continued)
Piper nigrum
Piper nigrum
pow
der in
Hum
anResults sho
wed
Piper nigrum
powder
Desai H
G Kalro R
H Effect of black
doses of 02 04 gh
trial 20
doe
s no
t dam
age the hu
man
gastric
pep
per and
asafoetida on
the
DNA
and Ferula foetidain
healthy
muco
sa w
hereas Ferula foetidadoe
sco
nten
t of gastric asp
irates Ind
doses of 01 02 and
04
human
based on
the
rate of exfoliation
of the
JMed
Res 198
581
325
ndash329
g
h on
different day
svo
lunteers
surface ep
ithe
lial cells
of hu
man
gastric muc
osa
Piper nigrum
Piper longum Piper
Rats
Piperine increased the
blood
lev
els of
Atal CK e
t al Scientific eviden
ce on
nigrum
and Zingiber
vasicine
by ne
arly 233
Und
er the
the role of Ayu
rved
ic herba
ls on
officinale
influen
ce of piperine the
active
bioa
vaila
bility of dru
gs J Ethno
-princ
iple of Piper
species spa
rteine
pha
rm 198
14(2)229
ndash232
bloo
d lev
els increa
sed m
ore than
100
Prunus amygdalus
25 g almon
d seed and
Albino
Rab
bits sho
wed
a definite hy
pog
lycemic
Teo
tia S Singh
M H
ypog
lycemic
Batsch
its pr
oportion
ate
rabb
its
action
during
the
2-m
onth study
effect of Prunus amygdalusseed
s ROSA
CEAE
fraction
s 122 g defatted
in albino rabb
its Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
Bad
ama
seed
and
128 g oil
1997
35(3)295
ndash296
Alm
ond
Prunus amygdalus
Brassica rapa Prunus
Animals
All these plan
ts sho
wed
no toxicity
Quresh
i S et al Stud
ies on
herba
l amygdalus and
Zingiber
during
acu
te tox
icity tests A
ll plant
aphr
odisiacs used in Arab system
officinale
extracts significantly inc
reased
the
of m
edicine A
m J C
lin M
ed 1989
sperm m
otility and
spe
rm con
tents in
17(1ndash2
)57ndash
63
the ep
ididym
ides and
vas deferen
switho
ut pr
oduc
ing sp
ermatotox
iceffect
Pueraria tuberosa
DC
Butano
l extracts of
Rats
The
butano
l ex
tract ap
pears to be
Shukla S T
oxilo
gical studies of
LEGUMIN
OSA
EPueraria tuberosa
gene
rally
safe in rats at the
se acu
tePueraria tuberosa a po
tent anti-
Vidari
Dose of 150
mg
kgan
d sub
acute dos
age regimen
sfertility plant Int J Pha
rmacog
nosy
Vidari
administered for 6 1
2
1995
33(4)324
ndash329
18 an
d 24 day
sPueraria tuberosa
Butano
lic extracts of
Rats
Administration caused a sign
ifican
tSh
ukla S et al B
utano
lic extract of
Pueraria tuberosa
increa
se in the glyc
ogen
con
tents
Pueraria tuberosa
DC Ph
ysiological
protein con
centration
activity of acid
resp
onse in the ge
nital tract of
and alkaline ph
ospha
tase and
total
cyclic fem
ale rats P
hytother R
es
cholesterol in the
ova
ry uterus
1989
3(1)5
ndash10
cervix an
d vag
ina A
dministration
480
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
caus
ed m
etap
lastic cha
nges in
cervical epithe
lium w
ith marke
dke
ratinization
and
provo
ked
corn
ification in vag
inal epithe
lium
The
se cha
nges hav
e be
en correlated
with an
ti-implan
tation
action of the
butano
lic extract
Pueraria tuberosa
Butano
lic extracts of
Rats
Bioch
emical findings
supp
orted by
Shukla S et al P
hysiolog
y an
d bio-
Pueraria tuberosa
the histolog
ical observa
tion
s furthe
rch
emistry of fem
ale ge
nital tract of
confirm the
extroge
nic mod
e of action
ovariectom
ized
rats trea
ted w
ith
of the
butano
lic extract of Pueraria
butano
lic extract of Pueraria tuberosa
tuberosa
in adult ov
ariectom
ized
rats
Fitoterapia 1987LVII(1)9
ndash22
Pueraria tuberosa
Tube
rs of Pueraria
Rats m
ice and
Fraction
s of Pueraria tuberosa
possessed
Prak
ash AO et al Con
tracep
tive
tuberosa
hamsters
sign
ifican
t estrog
enic activity
poten
cy of Pueraria tuberosa
DC
and its hormon
al status A
cta Eur
Fertil 19
8516(1)59ndash
65
Pueraria tuberosa
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plants sh
owed
marke
d but
Prak
ash AO et al Anti-im
plan
tation
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of so
me indigen
ous plan
tsAdhatoda vasica
anti-implan
tation
activity
in rats A
cta Eur Fe
rtil 19
8516(6)
Citrulus colocynthus
441ndash44
8Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
Pueraria tuberosa
Cru
de pow
der pe
troleu
m
Rats
To study the co
ntraceptive
poten
cy of
Mathu
r R e
t al Effect of Pueraria
ethe
r an
d ben
zene
and
the ex
tract pe
troleu
m ether and
tuberosa
DC on the oe
strous cy
cle
etha
nolic
extracts of
benz
ene ex
tracts trans
form
ed the
of adult rats A
cta Eur Fertil 19
84
Pueraria tuberosa
diestru
s ph
ase into a prolong
ed15
(5)3
93ndash3
94
corn
ified stage
and
persisted
until the
last day
of treatm
ent The
cru
de
pow
der an
d ethan
olic extract also
induced cornification
but after day
thirteen
the
cornified
stage
cha
nged
to
the diestru
s stag
e
481
(continued)
Pueraria tuberosa
100 mg pue
raria for 2
Prosp
ective
Patients were trea
ted w
ith pue
raria for
Xiuxian
G Xiuqin L Rad
ix puerarie
years
coho
rt study
2 ye
ars The
ove
rall effective rate
in m
igraine C
hin Med
J19
7992(4)
53 patients
(migraine sy
mptoms reduced) was
260ndash
262
with migraine
83 w
itho
ut side effects
head
ache
s
Punica granatum
L
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plants sh
owed
marke
d bu
tPraka
sh A
O et al Anti-im
plantation
PUNIC
ACEAE
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of some indigen
ous plants
Dad
ima
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implan
tation
activity
in rats A
cta Eur
Fertil 19
8516(6)
Pomeg
rana
teCitrulus colocynthus
441ndash
448
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
Randia dumetorum
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plants sh
owed
marke
d bu
tPraka
sh A
O et al Anti-im
plantation
(Retz) Lam
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of some indigen
ous plants
RUBIA
CEAE
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implan
tation
activity
in rats A
cta Eur
Fertil 19
8516(6)
Mad
ana
Citrulus colocynthus
441ndash
448
Emetic nut
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
482
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Raphanus sativus L
Semipurified
dietary
Rats
The
effects of the three dietary fiber
Sann
oumaru Y et al Effects of
CRUCIFERAE
fibe
r (D
F) from
prepa
ration
s on
fecal steroid
semi-pu
rified
dietary fibers isolated
Moo
laka
Lagenaria siceraria
excretions
som
ewha
t differed
from
Lagenaria siceraria Raphanus
Rad
ish
Raphanus sativusan
ddep
ending on
the
dietary factors Fu
r-sativusan
d Lentinus edodes
on
Lentinus edodes
ther studies are warranted
to ex
amine
fecal steroid excretion
s in rats
continuo
usly for a total
if the
inten
se respon
se of the
JNutr Sci V
itam
inol (Tok
yo) 19
96
of 7 w
eeks
litho
cholicdeo
xych
olic acid ratio to
42(2)9
7ndash11
0the tested
dietary fiber preparations
and fat in the present study will also
be sho
wn in other dietary fibers
Raphanus sativus
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally dosed
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used Ind
ian
of pow
dered
plant m
aterial
the plants were stud
ied in rats for 10
abortifacien
t plants with sp
ecial
Adhatoda vasica A
brus
day
s after insemination with sp
ecial
referenc
e to the
ir teratolog
ic effects
precatorius Acacia arabica
referenc
e to effects of fetal
in rats J Ethno
pha
rm 199
236
Aloe barbadensis Anethum
dev
elop
men
t Leaf extracts of
147ndash
154
sowa Apium
petroselinium
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
Banbusa arundensis
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
Blepharis edulis Butea
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
monosperma Hibiscus
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
sativum M
esua ferrea
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
Moringa oleifera Mucuna
at the
dos
es tested
pruriens Raphanus
sativus Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
Raphanus sativus
Daucus carota
and Raphanus
Hum
an trial
Con
sumption
of plant products (rad
ish
Sivu
k AK Effect of plant produc
ts of
sativustops
75 g
d for
and carrot tops) for as long
as 28
day
s nu
trition (rad
ish an
d carrot tops
) as lon
g as 28 day
sdid not produce any
adve
rse ch
ange
s on
various
indicators of metab
olism
in the
protein fat a
nd carbo
hydrate
in human
s [R
ussian
] Kosm Biol
metab
olic param
eters ex
amined
Aviak
osm M
ed 198
923
(2)5
6ndash59
Rheum
emodi
Chine
se herba
l dru
g R
heum
Con
trolled clin
ical
Album
in significantly inc
reased
Zha
ng JH e
t al Clin
ical effects of
Wallic
hE and
or C
aptopr
il an
trial 30
patients
during
the
follow-up pe
riod
in trea
ted
Rhe
um and
Cap
topril on
preve
nting
POLYGONACEAE
angioten
sin co
nverting
12
con
trols
patients before more marke
d in bo
thprogression
of ch
ronic rena
l failu
re
Amlauetasa
enzy
me on
chr
onic
Rhe
um E and
Rhe
um E 1
Cap
topril
Chine
se M
ed J 199
010
3(10
)788
ndash793
Indian rhuba
rbrena
l failu
regrou
ps It w
as con
cluded
tha
t long
-term
oral low-dose Rhe
um E
is
bene
ficial to ch
ronic rena
l failu
re The
effect is be
tter tha
n that of Cap
topr
ilThe
reg
ime of R
heum
e E and
Cap
topr
ilis a preferable ch
oice in the long
-term
treatm
ent for preve
nting progression
483
(continued)
Ricinus communis
L
Leav
es of Ricinus communis
8 sh
eep and
Clin
ical patho
logy
in sh
eep w
asBez
erra M
JG B
rito M
F Exp
erim
ental
EUPH
ORBIA
CEAE
Administered orally
to
6 go
ats
characterized by ne
uromuscular
poiso
ning
of sh
eep an
d goa
ts by
Erand
a
4 sh
eep at 20 g
kg
disturban
ces su
ch as un
stea
dy ga
itthe leav
es Ricinus communis
Castor oil plan
t4 sh
eep at 30 g
kg
and slig
ht instability Three she
ep tha
t(Eup
horbiaceae
) Pe
squisa Veterin
3 go
ats 30
gk
g 35 g
kg
received
30 g
kg died In go
ats
Brasileira 19
9515(3)27ndash
34
3 sh
eep 40
gk
gsymptoms were discrete A
ll go
ats
reco
vered No sign
ifican
t macroscop
ic or
microscop
ic alterations
were seen
in
three sh
eep tha
t died
Ricinus communis
05
Ricinus communis
Brown Hisex
Symptom
s lesions
an
d cha
nges in
El-Bad
wi SM
A et al Com
parative
seed
of 05
Jatropha
chicks
grow
th h
ematolog
y an
d clin
ical
toxicity of Ricinus communis
and
curcas
seed
chem
istry were inve
stigated
High
Jatropha curcasin Brown Hisex
mortality an
d m
ore seve
re cha
nges
chicks
Deu
tche
Tieraerztlic
he
occu
rred
in ch
icks on Ricinus
diet
Woc
hens
chrift 199
510
2(2)75ndash
77
than
Jatrophafeed
Ricinus communis
Lectins Arachis
Con
trolled hum
anDolichos biflorus Glycine max Lotus
Maz
umdar S B
inding pa
ttern of
hypogaea D
olichos
trial 11
with
tetragonolobus Ricinus communis
eigh
t different lectins
in he
althy
biflorus Glycine max
norm
al oral
Ulex europaeussh
owed
very strong
subjects and
patients with
dys
plastic
Lotus tetragonolobus
muco
sa 5
with
to stron
g bind
ing in hea
lthy
oral
and m
aligna
nt lesions
of the oral
Ricinus communis U
lex
leuko
plak
ia w
ith
muc
osa bu
t no
or ve
ry w
eak bind
ing
cavity Int J O
ral Max
illofacial Su
rgeuropaeus
conc
anav
alin
dys
plasia 1
2 in squ
amou
s cell carcinom
a O
ther
1993
22(5)301
ndash305
A whe
at germ
with
oral muc
osal
lectins inve
stigated
may
be used as
squam
ous cell
probe
s to determine the dysplastic and
carcinom
a maligna
nt status of the
oral muc
osal
epithe
lium
Ricinus communis
Ricin o
ral dos
age of
Rats
Rats intoxicated orally
with ricin sh
owed
Ishigu
ro M
et al B
ioch
emical studies
30 m
gkg
clear sign
s of sickn
ess an
d all died w
ithin
of oral toxicity of ricin I R
icin
36 hou
rs
administered orally
can
impa
irsu
gar ab
sorp
tion
by rat sm
all
intestine C
hem Pha
rm Bull 19
83
31(9)3
222ndash
3227
Rubia cordifolia
L
An an
titumor sub
stan
ce
Clin
ical trial
Cha
nges in card
iac func
tion
were no
ted
Yoshida F et al Stud
y of cardiac
RUBIA
CEAE
RA-700
isolated from
pha
se I
in both grou
ps Sev
eral cardiac param
eters
func
tion
in first stag
e ex
amination
Man
jista
Rubia akane
or Rubia
neop
lastic
tend
ed to be
more ex
trem
e in group 2
of R
A-700
RA-700
Clin
ical Study
484
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Indian mad
der
cordifolia
grou
p 1
patien
tsBecau
se of the sm
all sample no relatio
nship
Group [Jap
anese] Gan
To Kag
aku
injected
onc
e with RA-
betw
een the ch
ange
s in cardiac func
tion
Ryo
ho 199
421
(2)1
99ndash2
07
700 group
2 injected
and injection
dos
es of RA-700
can
be mad
eRA-700
for 5
cons
ecutive
day
sRubia cordifolia
RA-700
iso
lated from Rubia
Clin
ical trial
The
max
imum
tolerated
dose was 14
Majim
a H e
t al Ph
ase I Stud
y of
akaneor Rubia cordifolia
ph
ase I 14
mg
m2for the 5-day
sch
edule
RA-700
RA-700
Clin
ical Study
02ndash14 mg
m2in single IV
patien
tsad
ministration
Group [Jap
anese] Gan
To
dose 04ndash2
0 m
gm
2in
Kag
aku Ryo
ho 199
320
(1)6
7ndash78
5 day
IV doses
Rubia cordifolia
RA-700
a cy
clic hex
apep
tide
Mice
The
antitum
or activity of R
A-700
was
Kato T et al Antitum
or activity an
d
isolated
from Rubia cordifolia
simila
r to tha
t of deo
xybo
uva
rdin and
toxicity in mice of R
A-700
a cy
clic
was com
pared
with deo
xy-
vinc
ristine ag
ains
t P3
88 leu
kemia
hexa
pep
tide A
ntican
cer Res 198
77
bouva
rdin and
vincristine
(3 Pt B)329
ndash334
Rubia cordifolia
Cyclic
hexap
eptides (RA-V
II
Mice
Stud
ies sh
owed
pep
tide
s ex
hibited
Itok
awa H e
t al Isolation an
d
RA-V
RA-IV and
RA-III)
sign
ifican
t activity aga
inst leu
kemias
antitumor activity of cyc
lic
isolated
from Rubia
and ascites tumors P-388
L1210
B-
hexa
pep
tides isolated from
cordifolia
16 m
elan
oma an
d solid tum
ors colon
Rubis Rad
ix Che
m Pha
rm Bull
38 L
ewis lung
carcino
ma an
d Ehr
lich
1984
32(1)284
ndash290
carcinom
a R
A-V
had
an espe
cially
poten
t effect on MM2 mam
mary
carcinom
aSalvadora persica L
Extracts of Salvadora persica
Ran
dom
ized
(Abs
tract no
t av
ailable)
Quinlan R et al A study co
mparing
SALVADORACEAE
controlle
d trial
the efficacy
of a toothp
aste con
tain-
Pilu
ing extract of Salvadora persica
with
aPeelu
stan
dard fluoride toothp
aste NZ
Soc Periodon
tal 19
94777ndash
14
Salvadora persica
Roo
ts of the Arak tree
Com
parative
The
frequ
ent us
e of lsquoMiswak
rsquo was
al-K
hateeb
TL et al P
eriodon
tal
Salvadora persica
human
study
associated
with a lower need for
trea
tmen
t ne
eds am
ong Sa
udi
480 ad
ults
periodon
tal care
Arabian
adu
lts and
the
ir relationship
to the
use of the Miswak
Com
-mun
ity D
ent Hea
lth 19
918(4)
323ndash
328
Salvadora persica
Extracts of Salvadora persica
Mice
Mice injected
with Salvadora persica
Sulaim
an M
I et al Effects of
extracts sho
wed
a significant decrease
Salvadora persicaex
tracts on mice
in exp
loratory loc
omotor activity
exploratory loc
omotion activities
param
eters
J Ethno
pha
rm 198
617
(3)2
63ndash2
68
Santalum
album
L
Sand
al w
ood oil 5 in
Mice
Sand
alwoo
d oil trea
tmen
t sign
ifican
tly
Dwived
i C A
bu-G
haza
leh A C
hemo-
SANTALACEAE
aceton
e from
Santalum
reduc
ed pap
illom
a inciden
ce by 67
preve
ntive effects of san
dalwoo
d
Cha
ndan
amalbum
multiplic
ity by
96
an
d ind
uced
oil on
skin pa
pillo
mas in mice Eur
White San
dalwoo
dornithine decarbo
xylase activity
JCan
cer Pr
ev 199
76(4)399
ndash401
by
70
Oil may
be an
effective
che
mo-
preve
ntive ag
ent ag
ains
t sk
in can
cer
485
(continued)
Santalum
album
Embelia ribes Glycyrrhiza
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
glabra Holarrhena
rand
omized
administered different herba
l mixtures
applic
ations
of he
rbal formulations
antidysenterica
comparative
Successful treatm
ents in grou
ps A and
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Nardostachys jatamansi
study 49
B prove
d effective
aga
inst both inflam
-rand
omized
com
parative
study
Phyllanthus emblica
adolescent
matory (pim
ples) an
d non
inflam
matory
JMed
icinal A
romatic Plant Sci
Santalum
album
to you
ng(black
head
s an
d othe
r co
med
ones)
1997
1941
4ndash41
8Terminalia bellirica
adults w
ith
lesion
s T
he treatmen
t pr
eparations
rsquo Terminalia chebula
mild
to
mecha
nism
s of action remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
mod
erate
facial acn
eSantalum
album
Ban
gshil prep
aration contains
Hum
an trial
Ban
gshil was administered to 35 patients to
Sharma BP G
oswam
i P U
rina
ry tract
Asp
haltum 6
0 mg
35 patients
treat urina
ry tract infection
Bacteriolog
ic
infection an
d its m
anag
emen
t by
Balsamodendron mukul
cure w
as obtaine
d in 889
and
sym
pto-
bang
shil A
ryav
aidya
n 19
958(4)
40 m
g Ferrisu
lphu
ratum
matic relief in 824
21
2ndash21
530 m
g K
asisa bh
asma 60
mg Bambu manna12
mg
Tin Bha
sma
Sand
alwoo
d oil 5 m
gSantalum
album
Santalum
album
oil Oral
Swiss albino
mice
A significant enh
ancemen
t of glutathione
-Ba
nerje
e S et al M
odulatory influen
ce
feed
ing each
day
with
S-tran
sferase activity and
acid soluble
of san
dalwoo
d oil on
mou
se
5 an
d 15
mL san
dalwoo
dsu
lphy
dryl leve
ls w
as noted
The
he
patic glutathione
S-trans
ferase
oil for 10
and
20 day
spossible ch
emop
reve
ntive action
of
activ
ity and
acid soluble su
lphy
dryl
oil on
carcino
gene
sis may
be due to a
leve
l Can
cer Lett 19
9368(2ndash
3)
bloc
king
mecha
nism
10
5ndash10
9
Saraca indicaL
(-)-ep
icatechin an extract
Mice
Papillom
a form
ation was inh
ibited
by
Vargh
ese CD e
t al E
ffect of asoka
LEGUMIN
OSA
Efrom
bark of Saraca indica
topical ap
plic
ation of extract
on the
intracellu
lar glutathion
e leve
lsAsoka
Top
ical app
lication an
d
Oral ad
ministration sign
ifican
tly
and skin tumor promotion in m
ice
Asoka
tree
oral adm
inistration of
restricted
tum
or growth
Can
cer Lett 19
9369(1)45ndash
50100 mg
kg w
eigh
tSaussurea lappa
Saussurea lappa-50
0 mg
Hum
an trial 4
0 A significant cha
nge in fasting
blood
sug
ar
Sing
h DC Sh
arma BP M
anag
emen
t (D
ecne
) CB
capsu
les 23
per day
patien
tsbe
fore versu
s after treatm
ent with bo
th
of m
adhu
meh
a (Diabetes mellitus)
Clarke
and Pterocarpus marsupium
plants was noted
by
ind
igen
ous dru
gs-bija
yasar an
dCOMPO
SITAE
100-mL decoc
tion
23
kustha
Aryav
aidy
an 19904(1)21ndash23
Kus
htha
per day
both for 30
day
sCostus
486
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Saussurea lappa
Saussurea lappaan
d Inula
Clin
ical study
In stable an
gina
pectoris patients
Dwived
i S et al Role of Inula
racemosacrude root
60 patients
Saussurea lappareduc
ed the
racemosaan
d Saussurea lappa
in
powder
freq
uen
cy of an
gina
(20
) bu
t did not
man
agem
ent of A
ngina Pectoris
produce any
other cha
nges Inula
Int JC
rude Dru
g Res 198
927
(4)
racemosa was sho
wn to pos
sess
217ndash
222
sign
ifican
t an
tian
gina
l prope
rty It
lowered
diastolic blood
pressure
plasm
a co
rtisol a
nd catecho
lamines
Saussurea lappa
Seve
ral fraction
s Saussurea
Various an
imals
Some of lactone
fractions
and
delactonize
dGup
ta O
P G
hatak BJR P
harm
aco-
lapparoot oil were
oil exhibit hy
poten
sive
sp
amolytic and
logical inve
stigations
on Saussurea
inve
stigated
bron
chod
ilatory effects n
o an
titussive
lappa(C
larke) Indian JM
ed R
esactivity w
as detected w
ith an
y fraction
19
6755(10
)107
8ndash10
83
but a slight diuretic pr
operty obs
erve
d
Sesamum
indicum
L
Rats fed a diet that differed
Rats
Sesamin-feeding sign
ifican
tly
Kam
al-Eldin A
et al Se
samin (a
PEDALIA
CEAE
only in their co
nten
ts of
increa
sed g-toc
ophe
rol an
dco
mpou
nd from sesam
e oil)
Tila
sesamin 0 025 05 1
0
g
a-toc
ophe
rol ratios
in
increa
ses toco
pherol lev
els in
Sesame
20 and
40 gk
gplasm
a liver an
d lung
s Sug
gested
rats fed
ad libitum L
ipids 19
95
bioa
vaila
bility of
g-toc
ophe
rol is
30(6)4
99ndash5
05
enha
nced
in ph
enol-con
taining diets
compared
with pu
rified
diets
Sesamum
indicum
Sesame flow
ers co
llected
at
Case stud
ies
Sesame flow
ers used to treat com
mon
Wan
g HT T
reatmen
t of com
mon
daw
n whe
n dew
on plant
250 cases of
wart 228 cu
red and
22 im
prove
dwart with sesame flow
ers Bull
Flow
ers rubb
ed on wart
common
wart
(100
respon
se rate) One
-yea
rChin Mat M
ed 198
914
(6)3
56
33pe
r day
follo
w-up of 217
resulted in an
effective rate of 97
2
Sida cordifolia
L
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of the
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used
MALVACEAE
of pow
dered
plant m
aterial
dosed
plants were stud
ied in rats for 10 day
s Indian ab
ortifacien
t plan
ts w
ith
Bala
Adhatoda vasica A
brus
after insemination with sp
ecial referenc
e sp
ecial r
eferen
ce to their teratologic
Cou
ntry m
allow
precatorius Acacia arabica
to effects of fetal dev
elop
men
t Leaf
effects in rats J Ethno
pharm
Aloe barbadensis Anethum
extracts of Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
1992
3614
7ndash15
4sowa Apium
petroselinium
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
Banbusa arundensis
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
Blepharis edulis Butea
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
monosperma Hibiscus
arabicaan
d Hisiscus rosa-sinensis
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
appe
ared
to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
sativum M
esua ferrea
at the
dos
es tested
Moringa oleifera M
ucuna
pruriens Raphanus
sativus Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
487
(continued)
Solanum nigrum
L
Solanum nigrum
as a foo
dCon
trolled trial
Esopha
geal can
cer pa
tien
ts w
ith
Sammon
AM A
case-control stud
y SO
LANACEAE
100 with
extens
ive inqu
iries into diet an
d soc
ial
of diet an
d soc
ial factors in can
cer
Kak
amachi
esop
hage
alha
bits w
as studied Sign
ifican
t risk
of the
esoph
agus
in Trans
kei Can
cer
Black
nightsh
ade
canc
er 1
00factors foun
d w
ere use of Solanum
1992
69(4)860
ndash865
co
ntrols
nigrum
as a foo
d sm
oking and
use of
trad
itiona
l med
icines
Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum
(aerial parts)
Rats
Solanum nigrum
reduced ulcer ind
exAkh
tar MS M
unir M
Eva
luation of
pow
der and
its m
etha
nolic
sign
ifican
tly The
activity may
be due
the ga
tric antiulcerog
enic effects
extract
to inh
ibition of acid and
pep
sin
of Solanum
nigrum Brassica oleracea
secretions
and
or their in vitro
ability
and Ocimum
basilicum in rats J
to bind
Ethno
pharm 198
927
(1ndash2
)163
ndash176
Strychnos nux vomica
Cru
de alkoloid fraction of
Mice
Administration dem
onstrated antinoc
i-Cai B et al Processing of nux vo
mia
L
Strychnos nux-vomica
ceptive
effects of the alka
loid
VII A
ntinoc
icep
tive
effects of
STRYCHNACEAE
crude
alkaloids from
seeds of
Kup
ilu
Strychnos nux vomicain m
ice Biol
Nux
vom
ica
Pha
rm Bull 19
9619(1)127
ndash131
Strychnos nux vomica
Strych
nine
dose 032
Case
Non
ketotic hy
perglycinem
ia w
asW
arbu
rton
D e
t al N
onke
totic
hyp
er-
mg
kgd
stud
ies
diagn
osed
The
rapy
with strych
nine
glyc
emia Effects of therap
y with
infant twins
resu
lted
in a grea
t reduction in C
SFstrych
nine
Am JDis C
hildr 19
80
and plasm
a glyc
ine leve
ls improve
-13
4(3)273
ndash275
men
t in m
uscle tone
resp
iration
and ability to suck
Strychnos nux vomica
Strych
nine
nitrate daily
Case studies
The
rapeu
tic failu
re proba
bly indicated
von Wen
dt L e
t al Fa
ilure of
dosag
e of 02ndash0
9 m
gkg
3 infants
that strychn
ine trea
tmen
t doe
s no
tstrych
nine
treatmen
t during
the
solve the therap
eutic pr
oblems of
neon
atal period in three Finn
ish
seve
re forms of non
ketotic
child
ren with no
nketotic hyp
er-
hyperglyc
inem
ia
glyc
inem
ia Pe
diatrics 19
8065(6)
1166
ndash116
9Swertia chirata
Swertia chiratain doses of
Albino rats
Hep
atop
rotective effect of Swertia
Mukh
erjee S et al Hep
atop
rotective
(Wall) C
B
20 5
0 100 m
gkg
bod
y chiratawas studied T
reatmen
t with
effect of Swertia chirataon
rat
Clarke
weigh
tSwertia chirata
and C
Cl4 cau
sed
Ind JExp
Biol 19
9735(4)384
ndash388
GENTIA
NACEAE
improve
men
t at both bioc
hemical and
Kirata tikta
histop
atho
logic param
eters ve
rsus
Chireta
CCl4 treatmen
t alon
e The
most effec-
tive
dose was 50 mg
kg bod
y weigh
t
488
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Swertia chirata
Aqu
eous ex
tract of Swertia
Rats
Swertia chirataex
hibited significant
Islam C
N e
t al Pr
elim
inary studies
chiratatotal xa
ntho
nes
antiinflam
matory activity Swertia
on the
antiin
flam
mtory effects of
prep
ared
from plant aerial
chiratawas fou
nd less effective
Swertia chiratain albino rats Ind
ian
parts O
ral dos
e 50
mg
kg
compared
with stan
dard
J Ph
armacol 199
527
(1)3
7ndash39
bo
dy weigh
tan
tiinflam
matory dru
gs
Swertia chirata
Ethan
olic extract of Swertia
Rats
The
extract significantly red
uced the
Rafatullah S et al P
rotective effect of
chirata
intens
ity of gastric m
uco
sal da
mag
eSwertia chirataag
ains
t indom
etha
cin
produc
ed a significant decrease in
and othe
r ulcerog
enic age
nt-
gastric secretion and
pretrea
tmen
tinduc
ed gastric ulcers D
rugs
Exp
sign
ifican
tly preve
nted
ind
uced
Clin
Res 199
319
(2)6
9ndash73
ga
stric wall mucu
s dep
letion
and
restored
the
non
-protein sulfhyd
ryl
conten
t in gland
ular stom
achs
The
find
ings sup
port the
use of Swertia
chiratafor the trea
tmen
t of gastric
ulcer
Swertia chirata
Two capsu
les of 450
mg
20 case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a
each
Coccinia indica
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
ncomposite he
rbal dru
g in the
Cum
inum
cyminum
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
strea
tmen
t of Diabetes mellitus
Eugenia jambolana
(Mad
humeh
a) Aryav
aidya
n Gymnema sylvestre
19915(1)3
6ndash46
Momordica charantia
Phyllanthus niruri
Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Swertia chirata
95 ethan
ol extract and
Rats
The
optim
um dose (250
mg
kg) pr
oduced
Seka
r BC et al Effect of different
four
fractions
of Swertia
a sign
ifican
t decrease of blood
sug
arfraction
s of Swertia chirayitaon
chirata O
ral dose at 250
in fed
glucose-loa
ded
an
d tolbu
tamide-
the bloo
d sug
ar lev
el of albino
rats
mg
kgpretrea
ted animal m
odels but no
t in
JEthno
pha
rm 198
721
175
ndash181
fasted
rats
Syzgium aromaticum
Hot w
ater extracts of Geum
Mice
Anti-cy
tomeg
alov
irus (C
MV) activity
Yuk
awa TA et al Proph
ylactic
(L) Merr amp
LM
japonicum Rhus javanica
in vivowas exa
mined
Geum japonicum
trea
tmen
t of cytom
egalov
irus
Perry
Syzgium aromaticum
Syzygium
aromaticum
an
d Terminalia
infection with trad
itiona
l he
rbs
MYRTACEAE
and Terminalia chebula
chebulasign
ifican
tly su
ppressed
CMV
Antiviral R
es 199
632
(2)6
3ndash70
Lav
anga
yields in lung
s of treated
mice co
mpa
red
Dev
apus
pa
with water-treated
mice
Clove
Syzygium
Geum japonicum
Rhus
Mice
Extracts sho
wed
significant antiherpes
Kur
okaw
a M e
t al Efficacy of
aromaticum
javanica Syzgium
simplex
virus
typ
e I activity Extracts
trad
itiona
l he
rbal m
edicines in co
m-
aromaticum
Terminalia
limited
dev
elop
men
t of skin lesion
s bina
tion
with acyc
lovir ag
ains
t chebula
Acy
clov
ir
ando
r pr
olon
ged m
ean su
rvival
herpes sim
plex virus
typ
e 1 infection
andor herba
l ex
tract
times of infected
mice co
mpared
in vitro and
in vivo
Antiviral R
es
administered
with bo
th A
cyclov
ir and
the
herba
l19
9527(1ndash
2)19ndash
37
extract alon
e
489
(continued)
Tamarindus indica L
Tam
arindus fruit extract
Hum
an trial
A statistically significant inc
rease in
Mustap
ha A
et al Effect of
LEGUMIN
OSA
E6 he
althy
plasm
a leve
ls of aspirin an
d salic
yclic
Tamarindus indica
L on
the
bio-
Amlik
a vo
lunteers
acid w
as noted
whe
n a mea
lav
ailability of asp
irin in he
althy
Tam
arind
containing
tam
arind fru
it extract w
ashu
man
volunteers Eur
J D
rug
administered w
ith aspirin tab
lets
Met Pha
rm 199
621
(3)2
23ndash2
26
take
n und
er a fasting
state
Tamarindus indica
Tam
arind seed
Mice
The
results dem
onstrated tha
t tamarind
Sano
M e
t al Lack of carcino
genicity
polysaccha
ride
seed
polys
acch
aride is not carcino
genic
of tam
arind seed polys
acch
aride
in B6C
3F1 mice of eithe
r ge
nder
in B6C
3F1 mice Foo
d Che
m Tox
icol
1996
34(5)463
ndash467
Tamarindus indica
Seed
s of Delonix regia
Mice an
d rats
Acu
te tox
icity test of water extracts of
Kad
iri M e
t al Tox
icolog
ical screen-
Cassia tora Sesbania
the five
leg
umes produced no visible
ing of som
e Nigerian wild
leg
umes
sesban Crotalaria
side effects Inc
reased
weigh
ts w
ere a
Rev
ista de Biologia Tropical
naragutensis
resu
lt as co
mpa
red to co
ntrols fed
1995
44(1)269
ndash274
Tamarindus indica
distille
d w
ater S
imila
r resu
lts were
obtained
in prolon
ged tox
icity
screen
ing
Tamarindus indica
Thr
ee Sud
anese
Hum
an trial
The
results indicate a statistically
Mah
mou
d BM e
t al S
ignific
ant reduc
-be
verage
s Aradaib
healthy males
sign
ifican
t de
crea
se in the AUC and
tion
in ch
loroqu
ine bioa
vaila
bility
(Tamarindus indica)
Cmax
of chloroq
uine
as a resu
lt of a
follo
wing co
administration with
Karka
di (Hibiscus
coad
ministration with Tamarindus
the Su
dan
ese be
verage
s Aradaib
sabdarifa
) an
d lem
onindica A
parallel decrease in the
Karka
di and
Lem
on J Antim
icrob
(Citrus lim
etta) with 60
0dru
grsquos an
timalarial efficacy m
ight be
Che
mothe
r 19
9433(5)100
5ndash10
09
mg ch
loroqu
ine
expe
cted
Tamarindus indica
Extracts leav
es of
Hum
an trial
Top
ical app
lication resu
lted
in us
ers
Fabiyi JP e
t al Traditiona
l therap
y Adansonia digitata
human
s with
perceived
relief of pain accelerated
of dracu
nculia
sis in the
state
Calotropis procera
guinea w
orms
expu
lsion of w
orms and
a faster
of Bau
chi-Nigeria [Fren
ch] Dak
arMoringa oleifera
healing process
Med
199
338
(2)1
93ndash1
95
Tamarindus indica
Ziziphus jaozeiro
Tamarindus indica
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants did not sho
w any
cho
lesterol
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K E
ffect of
zeylanica Cum
inum
decreasing effect w
hen include
d in the
cumin cinn
amon
ging
er m
ustard
cyminum
Zingiber
norm
al and
hyp
erch
olesterolemia-
and tam
arind in induc
ed hyp
er-
officinale
induc
ing diet at abo
ut five
fold normal
cholesterolemic rats N
ahru
ng 199
1hu
man
intak
e leve
l35
(1)4
7ndash51
490
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Tamarindus indica
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Influen
ce
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
cyminum
Ferula
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepa
tic mixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
foetida Tamarindus
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
indica Trigonella
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 19
8926(4)254
ndash258
foenum
-graecum
graecum
also stimulated the
lev
els of
Zingiber officinale
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Taraxacum
officinale
Herb infusion
s of Verbena
Rats
Main ur
olithiasis risk factors were
Grases F et al U
rolithiasis and
W
eber ex
officinalis Lithospermum
evaluated
Ben
eficial effects caused
phy
totherap
y Int U
rol Nep
hrol
FH W
igg
officinale Taraxacum
by herb infusion
s can be
attribu
ted to
1994
26(5)507
ndash511
COMPO
SITAE
officinale Equisetum
a disinfectan
t action
possibly to the
Dugh
a feni
arvense Aarctostaphylos
presenc
e of sap
onins
Dan
delion
uva ursi Arctium
lappa
Silene saxifraga
Taraxacum
Six kind
s of C
hine
seSc
ald m
ice
Polygonum
cuspidatum Taraxacum
officinale
Luo
ZH The
use of Chine
se
officinale
trad
itiona
l he
rbs
and Oidenlandia diffusa show
ed improve
dtrad
itiona
l med
icine to improve
im
paired immune
func
tion
effects in scald
impaired immune
func
tion
s in
mide Effects
varied
according to the
scald m
ice [C
hine
se] Chu
ng H
ua
dosag
e of the
dru
gs
Che
ng H
sing
Sha
o Sh
ang W
ai K
o Tsa C
hih 19
939(1)5
6ndash58
Taraxacum
Twelve
plants ad
ministered
Mice
Of the 12
plants us
ed for the
traditiona
lSw
anston
-Flatt SK et al Glycaem
ic
officinale
as decoction
s or infusion
s
treatm
ent of diabe
tes Agaricus bisporus
effects of traditiona
l Eur
opea
n 28 day
s Agaricus bisporus
and Ilex guayusash
owed
poten
tial anti-
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
Anacardium occidentale
diabe
tic effect
Studies in normal and
Arctum lappa Catharanthus
streptozo
tocin diabe
tic mice
roseus D
aucus carota
Diabe
tes Res 198
910
(2)6
9ndash73
Hum
ulus lupulus Ilex
guayusa Salvia officinale
Sambucus nigra
Taraxacum
officinale
Trigonella foenum-
graecum U
rtica dioica
Taraxacum
Who
le d
ried
and
pow
dered
Rab
bits
Powders of both plants produced
Akh
tar MS et al E
ffects of Portulaca
officinale
plan
ts of Portulaca oleracae
sign
ifican
t hy
pog
lycemic effects in
oleracae
(Kulfa) and
Taraxacum
an
d Taraxacum
officinale
norm
al rab
bits but no
t in allo
xan-
officinale (D
hudha
l) in no
rmo-
treated rab
bits
glyc
aemic and
allo
xan-trea
ted
hype
rglycaem
ic rab
bits JPM
A J
Pak
Med
Assoc
198535
(7)
207ndash
210
491
(continued)
Taraxacum
Herb co
mbina
tion
of
Hum
an trial
As a resu
lt of the trea
tmen
t sp
ontane
ous
Cha
kurski I e
t al T
reatmen
t of
officinale
Calendula officinalis
24 patients
and palpab
le pains along
the
large
chronic co
litis w
ith an
herba
l Foeniculum
vulgare
with ch
ronic
intestine disap
peared in 95
83
co
mbina
tion
of Taraxacum
officinale
Hypericum
perforatum
nons
pecific
of the
patients by
the
15th day
of
Hipericum
perforatum Melissa
Melissa officinalis
colitis
their ad
mission
to the clinic and
officinalisCalendula officinalis
and
Taraxacum
officinale
treatm
ent with the he
rbal com
bina
tion
Foeniculum
vulgare
[Bulgarian]
Vutr Boles 198
120
(6)5
1ndash54
Tephrosia purpurea
Two caps
ules of 450
mg each
20
case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a
(L) Pe
rs
Coccinia indica Cum
inum
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
nco
mposite he
rbal d
rug in the
LEGUMIN
OSA
Ecyminum
Eugenia
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
strea
tmen
t of Diabetes mellitus
Sarapun
kha
jambolana Gymnema
(Mad
humeh
a) Aryav
aidya
n Purple Tep
hrosia
sylvestre Momordica
1991
5(1)3
6ndash46
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Terminalia arjuna
50 ethan
olic extract of
Rab
bits
Induced hyp
erlip
idem
ic rab
bits receive
d
Ram
A e
t al Hyp
ocho
lesterolae
mic
(Rox
b Ex DC)
Terminalia arjunatree
the ex
tract A significant decrease in
effects of Terminalia arjunatree
Wrigh
t amp
Arn
bark in doses of 10
0total ch
olesterol LDL and
LDLHDL
bark J Ethno
pharm 199
755
(3)
COMBRETACEAE
mg
kg and
500 m
gkg
ratio was dem
onstrated T
he extract did
165ndash
169
Arjuna
compared
to co
ntrols
not ad
versely effect bioch
emical tests
of liver rena
l func
tion
and
hem
atolog
ic
param
eters
Terminalia arjuna
Terminalia arjunaba
rkClin
ical ran
dom-
Terminalia arjunaco
mpa
red to placeb
o Bha
rani A
et al Sa
lutary effect of
500 mg 8 hou
rly
ized
con
trolled
therap
y was assoc
iated w
ith im
prove
-Terminalia arjunain patients with
dou
ble-blind
men
t in sym
ptoms an
d significant signs
seve
re refractory he
art failu
re
trial 12
with
of hea
rt failure On long
term eva
luation
Int JC
ardiol 19
9549(3)191
ndash199
co
ngestive
(pha
se II) p
atient con
tinu
ed to sh
owhe
art failu
re
improve
men
t in sym
ptoms signs
NYHA C
lass IV
effort toleran
ce an
d N
YHA class
Terminalia arjuna
Bark po
wder of
Hum
an trial 1
5Results sugg
est that m
onothe
rapy
Dwived
i S A
garw
al M
P A
nti-
Terminalia arjuna
stab
le and
with Terminalia arjunawas fairly
angina
l an
d cardioprotective
5 un
stab
leeffective in patients with symptom
s of
effects of Terminalia arjuna an
angina
patients
stab
le ang
ina pe
ctoris How
ever it
indigen
ous dru
g in co
rona
ry artery
has a lim
ited
role in uns
table an
gina
disea
se JA
ssoc
Phy
sician
s India
1994
42(4)287
ndash289
492
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Terminalia arjuna
Terminalia arjunaba
rkRab
bits
Rab
bits receiving
Terminalia arjunaalon
g Tiw
ari AK e
t al Effect of Terminalia
powder sus
pen
ded in
with a high
cho
lesterol diet sh
owed
arjuna
on lipid profiles of rab
bits
water in an
oral dose of
slow
er inc
rease in total cho
lestrol
fed hyp
erch
olesterolemic diet
250 mg
kg bod
y weigh
ttriglycerides and
no ch
ange
in HDL
Int JC
rude Res 199
028
(1)4
3ndash47
23
day
than
rab
bits receiving
only a high
ch
olesterol diet Hyp
erch
olesterolemic
rabb
its receiving Terminalia arjunash
owed
more marke
d decreases in total ch
olesterol
triglycerides a
nd an increase in HDL than
the hy
perch
olesterolemic con
trols
Terminalia arjuna
50 aqu
eous etha
nol
Rats
The
extracts show
ed resorptive activity but
Gupta DN e
t al Po
st coital
hexa
ne and
butan
ol and
were dev
oid of an
tiim
plan
tation
activity
contraceptive
efficacy of
2 flav
ones of Terminalia
Terminalia arjunain albino rats
arjuna
bark
Fitoterapia 198
0LX(3)2
75ndash2
76
Terminalia
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
bellirica
(Gaertn)
Glycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered different herba
l mixtures
applic
ations
of he
rbal formulations
Rox
bHolarrhena
comparative
Successful treatm
ents in grou
ps A and
B
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
COMBRETACEAE
antidysenterica
study 49
prove
d effective
aga
inst both inflam
matory
rand
omized
com
parative
study J
Vibhitaka
Bha
ira
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
(pim
ples) and
non
inflam
matory an
d
Med
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Belleric myrob
alan
Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngno
ninflammatory (black
head
s an
d other
414ndash
418
Santalum
album
ad
ults w
ith
comed
ones) lesion
s The
treatmen
t Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
s of action
Terminalia chebula
mod
erate
remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
facial acn
eTerminalia bellirica
Haritak
i Terminalia chebula
Rab
bits
Whe
n ch
olesterol was fed
to all grou
ps
Tha
kur CP e
t al The
Ayu
rved
ic
Emblica officinalis
leve
ls w
ere sign
ifican
tly reduced in
med
icines H
aritak
i Amla and
Terminalia bellirica
the three trea
tmen
t grou
ps than
Bah
ira reduce cho
lesterol-ind
uced
in the
con
trol group
The
sam
e was
athe
rosclerosis in rab
bits Int J
true for redu
ction in cho
lesterolem
ia
Cardiology
198821
(2)1
67ndash1
75
Terminalia bellirica
Oil ex
tract from
kerne
lsMice
Mice receiving either Terminalia
Dha
r HL et al Studies on
purgative
of Terminalia bellirica
bellirica
oil or castor oil ha
d usu
ally
action
of an
oil ob
tained
from
loose stoo
ls w
hereas animals give
nTerminalia belerica Ind
ian JM
ed
coco
nut oil ha
d normal stools R
esults
Res 196
857
(1)1
03ndash1
05
obtained
with castor oil an
d treated
grou
p (Terminalia bellirica) w
ere
sign
ifican
tTerminalia chebula
Embelia ribes Glycyrrhiza
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
Retz
glabra Holarrhena
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plic
ations
of he
rbal formulations
COMBRETACEAE
antidysenterica
comparative
mixtures Successful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Haritak
iNardostachys jatamansi
study 49
grou
ps A
and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative
study
Che
bulic
Phyllanthus emblica
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
JMed
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Myrob
alan
Santalum
album
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Terminalia bellirica
adults w
ith
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia chebula
mild
to
treatm
ent prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
sZingiber officinale
mod
erate
of action remain un
know
nfacial acn
e
493
(continued)
Terminalia chebula
Boerhavia diffusa
Golden
The
formulation
had
a m
axim
um cure
Sohn
i YR Bha
tt R
M Activity of a
Berberis aristata
hamsters
rate of 73
at a dose of 800
crude ex
tract form
ulation in
Tinospora cordifolia
with he
patic
mg
kg per day
in he
patic amoe
biasis
experim
ental he
patic amoe
biasis
Terminalia chebula
amoe
biasis
reduc
ing the av
erag
e deg
ree of
and in im
muno
mod
ulation stud
ies
Zingiber officinale
infection to 14 com
pared
to 42 for
J Ethno
pharm 199654
(2ndash3
)119
ndash124
Dried
and
pulverized
controls
plants ex
tracted in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually M
etronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
yTerminalia chebula
Hot w
ater extracts of
Mice
Anti-CMV activity in vivowas exa
mined
Yuka
wa TA e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic
Geum japonicum
Rhus
Geum japonicum
Syzygium aromaticum
trea
tmen
t of cytom
egalov
irus
javanica Syzygium
and Terminalia chebula
sign
ifican
tly
infection with trad
itiona
l he
rbs
aromaticum
an
dsu
ppr
essed C
MV yields in lun
gs of
Antiviral R
es 199
632
(2)6
3ndash70
Terminalia chebula
trea
ted m
ice compa
red w
ith water-
trea
ted m
ice
Terminalia chebula
Geum japonicum
Rhus
Mice
Extracts sh
owed
significant
Kur
okaw
a M e
t al Efficacy of
javanica Syzygium
antihe
rpes sim
plex
virus type I
trad
itiona
l he
rbal m
edicines in
aromaticum
Terminalia
activity E
xtracts lim
ited
combina
tion
with acyc
lovir ag
ains
t chebula
Acy
clov
irdev
elop
men
t of skin lesion
s an
dor
herp
es sim
plex
virus
typ
e 1
andor herba
l ex
tract
prolon
ged m
ean su
rvival tim
es of
infection in vitro and
in vivo
ad
ministered
infected
mice co
mpa
red w
ith bo
thAntiviral R
es 199
527
(1ndash2
)19ndash
37
Acy
clov
ir and
the
herba
l ex
tract alon
eTerminalia chebula
Boerhavia diffusa
Rats with caecal
Form
ulation ha
d a cur
ative rate of
Sohn
i YR e
t al T
he anti-am
oebic effect
Berberis aristata
amoe
biasis
89 w
ith av
erag
e deg
ree of infection
of a cru
de dru
g in formulation of
Tinospora cordifolia
(cae
cal am
oebiasis) (A
DI) red
uced
to
herbal extracts ag
ains
t Entam
oeba
Terminalia chebula
04 in a group
dosed
with 50
0 mg
kg
histolytica in vitro
and in vivo
Zingiber officinale
per day
as co
mpa
red w
ith ADI of 38
JEthno
pha
rm 1
99545
(1)4
3ndash52
Dried
and
pulverized
for co
ntrols
plants ex
tracted in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individu
ally M
etronidazole
administered as stan
dard
therap
y
494
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Terminalia chebula
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
iaad
ministered po
stinfective preinfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
Salmonella
sing
le a
nd m
ultiple doses of ex
tract an
d
in m
ice with a trad
itiona
llyTerminalia chebula
typhi
had a significant the
rape
utic effect in
prescribe
d crude dr
ug form
ulation
Tinospora cordifolia
reducing
sep
ticemia
JEthno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aque
ous alco
hol etha
nol
1 stock solution us
edto prepa
re dilu
tion
sOral or subc
utane
ous
administration
Terminalia chebula
A decoction
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoc
tion
Sati R
B Sha
rma RK Man
agem
ent
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica Patients with
of con
gestive card
iac failu
re
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic hea
rt disease
with certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
card
iomyo
pathy
and
cor pulmon
ale
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash1
26
Cedrus deodara
were give
n pow
der of Inula
Picrorhiza kurrooa
racemosa w
hile patients with
Terminalia chebula
rheu
matic hea
rt disease w
ere give
nTinospora cordifolia
Commiphora mukul After two weeks
Trichosantes lobata
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Inula racemosa2 g 8
completely 2 had
bradyc
ardia a
ndho
urly Commiphora
2 were refractory
mukul1
2 g 8
hourly Urgenic indica
100 mg 8 hou
rly
Terminalia chebula
Mixture of Glycyrrhiza
Rats
Duo
den
al ulcerated
rats trea
ted w
ith
Nad
ar TS Pillai M
M Effect of
glabra Terminalia
the mixture recov
ered
faster with
Ayu
rved
ic m
edicines on be
ta-
chebula Piper longum
conc
omitan
t increase in
b-
glucu
ronidase activity of Bru
nnerrsquos
glucu
ronidase activity in the
glan
ds dur
ing reco
very from
Bru
nnerrsquos gland
cysteamine induc
ed duo
den
al ulcers
in rats Ind
ian JE
xp Biol 19
8927(11)
959ndash
962
Terminalia chebula
Haritak
i Terminalia
Rab
bits
Whe
n ch
olesterol was fed
to all
Tha
kur CP e
t al The
Ayu
rved
ic
chebula Emblica
grou
ps lev
els were sign
ifican
tly
med
icines H
aritak
i Amla and
officinalis Terminalia
reduced in the three trea
tmen
t grou
psBah
ira reduce cho
lesterol-ind
uced
bellirica
than
in the co
ntrol grou
p T
he sam
e was
athe
rosclerosis in rab
bits Int J
true for reduc
tion
in ch
olesterolemia
Cardiol 19
8821(2)167
ndash175
Terminalia chebula
Thr
ee plants lack
ing
Feed
ing trials in
All plan
ts produc
ed hep
atic lesions
Arseculeratne SN
et al Studies of
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
rats
that inc
luded
cen
tral vein
med
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Aegle marmelos
abno
rmalities Terminalia chebula
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eHemidesmus indicus
and Withania somnifera
prod
uced
trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs J
Terminalia chebula
mark rena
l lesion
sEthno
pharm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
Withania somnifera
495
(continued)
Tinospora
Each tablet con
tains 10
039
patients with
Prepa
ration
was eva
luated
for clin
ical
Ran
i PU
Naidu UR S
ubjective an
dcordifolia
Miers
mg of alcoh
olic extract
insomnia
efficacy
and
safety in ins
omnia by
polyso
mno
grap
hic ev
aluation of
MENISPE
RMACEAE
of roo
t of Rauwolfia
subjective
and
polys
omno
grap
hic
a he
rbal prepa
ration
in insomnia
Guduc
hiserpentina
100 m
g of
metho
d The
prepa
ration
produc
edPh
ytom
edicine 1998
5(4)2
53ndash2
57
Guduc
hirhizom
e pow
der of
sign
ifican
t im
prov
emen
t in sleep
Nardostachys jatamansi
parameters The
preparation did not
and 100
mg aq
ueo
us
prod
uce any
feelin
g of han
gove
r or
extract of roo
t stem
day
tim
e sleeplessne
ss 11
patients
leaf of Tinospora
complaine
d of mild
epiga
stric distress
cordifolia
2 tablets at
after the test dru
g It can be
con
clud
edbe
dtime for 21
day
sthe pr
eparation ha
d goo
d hyp
notic
activity and
can
be used in inso
mnia
Tinospora
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
erglyc
emic
The
herba
l form
ulation
had
little
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
cordifolia
sanctum Picrorhiza
rats
effect on bloo
d suga
r conc
entrations
Trasina
an Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
but dos
es ind
uced a dos
e-related
form
ulation
on pa
ncreatic islet
cordifolia Withania
decrease in STZ hyp
erglyc
emia and
superox
ide dismutase activity in
somniferaDoses 100
attenu
ation of STZ ind
uced a decrease
hyperglyc
aemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
200 mg
kg PO
in islet supe
roxide dismutase activity in
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
13
per day
for 28 day
seu
glyc
aemic rats
Tinospora
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plants sign
ifican
tly inhibited the
carci-
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of so
me Indian
cordifolia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
noge
n oc
hratox
in-ind
uced supp
ression of
herbs on
macropha
ge fun
ctions
in
Tinospora cordifolia
chem
otactic activity and
the
production
ochratox
in A
treated
mice J
Withania somnifera
of interleukin-1 an
d tumor necrosis
Ethno
pharm 199
758
15ndash
20
factor or TNF-
aby
macropha
ges
Tinospora
Boerhavia diffusa
Golden
ham
sters
The
formulation ha
d a m
axim
um cure
Sohn
i YR B
hatt R
M Activity of a
cordifolia
Berberis aristata
with he
patic
rate of 73 at a dose of 800
mg
kg
crude ex
tract form
ulation in
Tinospora cordifolia
amoe
biasis
per day
in he
patic amoe
biasis
expe
rimen
tal he
patic am
oebiasis
Terminalia chebula
reducing
the
ave
rage
deg
ree of
and in im
muno
mod
ulation studies
Zingiber officinale D
ried
infection to 14 com
pared
to 42 for
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
654
(2ndash3
)119
ndash124
an
d pulverized
plants
controls
extracted in etha
nol
toge
ther and
ind
ividua
lly
Metronidaz
ole ad
ministered
as stand
ard the
rapy
496
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Tinospora
Boerhavia diffusa
Rats with caecal
Form
ulation
had
a curative
rate of
Sohn
i YR e
t al T
he antiamoe
bic effect
cordifolia
Berberis aristata
amoe
biasis
89 w
ith av
erag
e deg
ree of infection
of a cru
de dru
g in formulation
of
Tinospora cordifolia
(caecal am
oebiasis) (A
DI) red
uced to
herbal extracts ag
ains
t Entam
oeba
Terminalia chebula
04 in a group dos
ed w
ith 50
0histolytica in vitro
and in vivo J
Zingiber officinale
mg
kg per day
as co
mpa
red w
ith ADI
Ethno
pharm 199
545
(1)4
3ndash52
Dried
and
pulverized
of 38 for con
trols
plan
ts extracted
in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually
Metronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
yTinospora
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically admin-
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
cordifolia
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
ia from
istered postinfective
pr
einfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Salmonella typhi
sing
le a
nd m
ultiple doses of ex
tract
in m
ice with a trad
itiona
llyTerminalia chebula
and had
a significant the
rapeu
tic
prescribe
d crude dru
g form
ulation
Tinospora cordifolia
effect in reduc
ing septicemia
JEthno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aq
ueo
us alcoho
l etha
nol
1 stock
solution
used
to prepa
re dilu
tion
sOral or subc
utane
ous
administration
Tinospora
Alcoh
olic extracts of the
Rats
In rat brains Tinospora cordifolia
was
Sarm
a DNK et al Effect of Tinospora
cordifolia
roots of Tinospora
found
to po
ssess no
rmalizing activity
cordifolia
on brain neu
rotran
smitters
cordifolia
against stress-ind
uced cha
nges in
in stressed rats Fitoterap
ia 199
5no
repinep
hrine dop
amine
66(5)4
21ndash4
22
5-hy
droxy
tryp
tamine an
d 5-
hydroxy
indolea
cetic acid lev
els
Tinospora
Tinospora cordifolia
Rats
Treatmen
t with Tinospora cordifolia
Nag
arka
tti DS et al Mod
ulation of
cordifolia
indicated
a significant impr
ovem
ent
Kup
ffer cell activity by Tinospora
in K
upffer cell func
tion
and
a trend
cordifolia
in liver dam
age J
towards no
rmalization
Postgrad M
ed 199
440
(2)6
5ndash67
Tinospora
Tinospora cordifolia
16Ran
dom
ized
Septicemia did not occur in the
Reg
e N e
t al Im
mun
othe
rapy with
cordifolia
mg
kg per day
orally
controlle
dtrea
ted group as op
posed
to 50
in
Tinospora cordifolia
a new
lea
d in
trial 30
with
the untreated
group Pos
toperative
the man
agem
ent of obs
tructive
maligna
ntsu
rvival rate was 40
versu
s 92
4
jaun
dice Ind
ian JG
astroe
nterol
obstru
ctive
in untreated
versu
s trea
ted group
199312(1)5ndash8
jaund
ice
resp
ective
ly Tinospora cordifolia
appe
ared
to im
prove
surgical outcom
eby
stren
gthe
ning
host de
fens
es
497
(continued)
Tinospora cordifolia
Aqu
eous alcoho
lic a
ndAllo
xan-diabe
tic
The
extract exe
rted
a significant
Wad
ood N
et al Effect of Tinospora
chloroform
extracts of
rabb
its
hypo
glyc
emic effect in normal and
cordifolia
on blood
gluco
se and
leav
es of Tinospora cordifolia
alloxa
n-treated rabb
its Tinospora
total lip
id lev
els of normal and
Dose 50 100
150
and
cordifolia
had an insu
lin-like action
alloxa
n-diabe
tic rabb
its Planta Med
200 mg
kg bod
y weigh
tan
d can
significantly decrease bloo
d19
9258(2)131
ndash136
glucose but no
t total lip
id lev
els in
norm
al and
allo
xan-trea
ted rab
bits
Tinospora cordifolia
1 caps
ule 3
3pe
r day
with
30 patients with
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
luke
warm w
ater
calculi on
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
composite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs o
n containing
Asparagus
kidne
ys ureters
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus 5
0 mg
blad
ders
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n 19
92
Bergenia ligulata
100
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
6(2)104
ndash108
mg Eclipta alba
100
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
mg Myristica fragrans
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
10 m
g Tinospora
grea
ter than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
cordifolia1
00 m
gTribulus terrestris50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gTinospora
cordifolia
Pretreatm
ent of m
ice
Mice
Pretreatmen
t with Tinospora cordifolia
Tha
tte UM et al Im
muno
therap
eutic
with Tinospora cordifolia
or gen
tamicin decreased
mortality
mod
ification of Escherichia coli
in m
ice injected
with E coli from
100
periton
itis and
bacteremia by
in con
trols to 178
and
111
resp
ec-
Tinospora cordifolia
JPostgrad
tive
ly Pr
etreatmen
t sign
ifican
tly im
prove
d
Med
199
238
(1)1
3ndash15
ba
cterial clearanc
e as w
ell as improve
dpha
gocytic an
d intracellular ba
ctericidal
capa
cities of ne
utrop
hils in Tinospora
cordifolia
treated group
Tinospora cordifolia
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sh
arma RK Man
agem
ent
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Ugenic indica Pa
tien
ts w
ith
of con
gestive card
iac failu
re w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic hea
rt disease card
iomyo
pathy
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
and cor pulm
onale were give
n pow
der
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash126
Cedrus deodara
of Inula racemosa
while patients with
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rheu
matic hea
rt disease w
ere give
nTerminalia chebula
Commiphora mukulAfter 2 w
eeks
Tinospora cordifolia
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
498
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Trichosantes lobata
completely 2
had
bradyc
ardia a
ndInula racemosa2 g 8
2 were refractory
hourly Commiphora
mukul1
2 g 8
hourly Urgenic indica
100 mg 8 hou
rly
Tinospora cordifolia
Water extract of
Rats
The
extract impr
oved
cellular im
mune
Reg
e NN e
t al Mod
ulation of
Tinospora cordifolia
func
tion
s M
ortality rate following
immuno
supp
ression in obs
truc
-100 mg
kg for 7 day
sE coliinfection was red
uced
The
study
tive
jaund
ice by
Tinospora cordifolia
sh
owed
cho
lestasis resulted in im
muno
-Indian J Med
Res 198
990
478
ndash483
su
ppression an
d ind
icated
a need for
an immuno
mod
ulator to m
anag
e ob
stru
ctive jaund
ice
Tinospora cordifolia
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
Whe
n co
mpared
to co
ntrol grou
ps
Tha
tte UM Dah
anuka
r SA
Com
par-
Tinospora cordifolia
all four
dru
gs preve
nted
to va
rying
ative study of immuno
mod
ulating
gluc
an and
lithium
for
deg
rees leu
cope
nia Both indigen
ous
activity of Indian
med
icinal plants
15 day
splants were po
tent immuno
stim
ulants
lithium carbo
nate and
glucan
with effects co
mpa
rable to lithium
Metho
ds Find
Exp
Clin
Pha
rmacol
and glucan
1988
10(10
)639
ndash644
Tinospora cordifolia
Various ex
tracts of
Rats an
d rab
bits
Oral ad
ministration of alcoh
olic
Gupta SS
et al Anti-diabe
tic effects
Tinospora cordifolia
extracts cau
sed a decrease in fasting
of Tinospora cordifolia
Part I Effect
bloo
d sug
ar in rabb
its an
d rats D
aily
on fasting
blood
suga
r leve
l ad
ministration increa
sed the gluco
segluco
se toleran
ce and
adrena
line
toleranc
e in albino rats
induc
ed hyp
erglyc
aemia Ind
ian J
Med
Res 196
755
(7)7
33ndash7
45
Tribulus terrestris
LTribulus terrestris
Mice
Tribulus terrestris
polys
acch
arides had
Liu Q
et al A study of the
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
polysaccha
rides
no m
utag
enic effect on
mice but
protective effects of Tribulus
Gok
shura
protected
chrom
osom
e an
d D
NA
terrestris
polysaccha
ride on
Small caltrops
from
ind
uced
dam
age
gene
tic dam
age Z
hong
guZho
ngya
o Zaz
hi-C
hina
JChine
seMater M
ed 199
520
(7)4
27ndash4
29 44
9Tribulus terrestris
Aqu
eous extract of
Male rats
Metab
olism of ox
alate was studied
Sa
ngeeta D
et al Effect of Tribulus
Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus terrestris
administration
terrestris
on oxa
late m
etab
olism in
produced a significant decrease in
rats J
Ethno
pha
rm 199
444(2)
urina
ry oxa
late excretion
and
a61
ndash66
sign
ifican
t increase in urina
ryglyo
xylate excretion
com
pared to
sodium glyco
late fed
animals
Tribulus terrestris
Ethan
olic extract of fruits
Albino rats
Tribulus terrestris
show
ed significant
Ana
nd R
et al Activity of certain
of Tribulus terrestris
dose-dep
enden
t protection ag
ains
tfraction
s of Tribulus terrestris
fruits
uroliths
ind
uced
by glass be
adag
ains
t ex
perimen
tally
ind
uced
implantation in albino rats
urolithiasis in rats Ind
ian JE
xpBiol 19
9432(8)548
ndash552
499
(continued)
Tribulus terrestris
1 caps
ule 3
3pe
r day
30 patients with
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation
with luke
warm w
ater
calculi on
kidne
ys
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also in
of com
posite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
containing
Asparagus
ureters or
slow
ly disintegrating bo
th calcium
-on
calcu
li in the kidne
y an
d
racemosus5
0 mg
blad
ders
oxalate an
d calcium carbo
nate
the urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
crystals in a sp
an of 72
hou
rs and
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
mg Eclipta alba
100
complete disch
arging
of crystals
mg Myristica fragrans
within 15
ndash30 day
s C
omplete
10 m
g Tinospora
disch
arge
occur
red in grea
ter than
cordifolia 1
00 m
g80
of the pa
tien
ts
Tribulus terrestris 50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gTribulus terrestris
Dried
plant m
aterial of
Pregn
ant ew
es
The
inc
iden
ce of fetal brea
thing
Walke
r D e
t al So
me effects of
Tribulus terrestris
and the
ir
mov
emen
ts w
as significantly red
uced
feed
ing Tribulus terrestris Ipomoea
Ipomoea lonchophylla
fetuses
and did not sho
w a normal day
-night
Ionchophylla and
the
seed of
and Abelmoschus
variation in treated
groups
com
pared
Abelmoschus ficulneus
on fetal
ficulneus
to con
trols R
esults ind
icated
plants
dev
elop
men
t an
d the
outco
me of
may
con
tain sub
stan
ces that affect
pregn
ancy in sh
eep R
eproduc
func
tion
al dev
elop
men
t of fetal brain
Fertility D
ev 19924(2)135
ndash144
Altho
ugh inge
stion did not appe
ar to
affect the
outco
me of pregn
ancy
Tribulus terrestris
Sapo
nin of Tribulus
Con
trolled clin
ical
The
total efficacious
rate of rem
ission
Wan
g B e
t al 40
6 cases of ang
ina
terrestris
trial 40
6 cases
angina
pectoris was 823
It was
pectoris in coron
ary he
art disease
angina
pectoris
high
er tha
n the control grou
p with a
trea
ted w
ith sapon
in of Tribulus
67 treated
as
sign
ifican
t total effective rate (TER) of
terrestris
[Chine
se] Chu
ng H
si
controls
672 The
TER of ECG improve
men
t Chieh
Ho Tsa C
hih 19
901085
ndash87
(527
) was eve
n high
er tha
n that of
the co
ntrol grou
p (358
)Tribulus terrestris
Extract of the fruits of
Ana
esthetized
Ether extract produced diuresis an
dSing
h RCP Sisod
ia C
S Effect of
Tribulus terrestris
dog
sincrea
sed creatinine rena
l clearanc
eTribulus terrestris
fruit extracts on
that sugg
ests an increa
sed glomerular
chloride an
d creatinine rena
l filtration
rate The
aqu
eous
extract of
clearanc
es in dog
s Ind
ian JP
hysiol
the fruits produced no sign
ifican
tPha
rmacol 197
115
93ndash
96
effect
500
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Trigonella foenum-
Isoc
aloric diets w
itho
ut
Con
trolled clin
ical
Inge
stion of fen
ugreek
seed pow
der
Sharma RD e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic
graecum
L
and w
ith fenu
greek for 7
trial 60
resu
lted
in a sign
ifican
t reduction of
effect of fenu
greek seed
sA
LEGUMIN
OSA
Ean
d 24 weeks D
ose 25
gNID
DM
total ch
olesterol LDL VLDL and
chronic stud
y in non
-ins
ulin
Med
hika
fenu
greek seed
pow
der
subjects
triglyceride leve
ls T
he results
dep
enden
t diabe
tic pa
tien
ts P
hyto-
Fenu
greek
indicated
the
ben
eficial effect of
therap
y Res 199
610
332
ndash334
fenu
greek seed
s in diabe
tic su
bjects
Trigonella foenum-
Rats fed for 8 w
eeks the
Rat
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
graecum
follo
wing plants
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or the
ir active
Brassica sp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes of
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
uco
sa D
ietary
small intestinal m
ucosa in rats Int
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcumin capsaicin p
iperine an
dJ Fo
od Sci N
utr 199
547
(1)5
5ndash59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinalepr
ominen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases sucrase an
dTrigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetidabrou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
pho
spha
tases an
d sucrase The
positive influe
nces of a go
od numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
Trigonella foenum-
Extract of at lea
st 90
Normal and
The
se sap
onins sign
ifican
tly en
hanc
ed
Petit PR
et al Steroid sap
onins from
graecum
of steroid sap
onins from
diabe
tic rats
food
con
sumption
and
motivation to
fenu
greek seed
s Extraction pur
ifica-
the seed
of Trigonella
eat an
d red
uced
plasm
a ch
olesterol
tion and
pha
rmacolog
ical inv
estig
a-foenum
-graecum
125
leve
l in rats
tion
on feed
ing be
havior and
mg
d per 300 g w
eigh
tplasm
a ch
olesterol Steroids 19
95
60(10)674
ndash680
Trigonella foenum-
Pow
der of Trigonella
Normal and
The
extract and
residue
had
significant
Ali L e
t al Cha
racterization of the
graecum
foenum
graecum
seed
sdiabe
tic
hypo
glyc
emic effects w
hen fed sim
ul-
hypo
glyc
emic effects of Trigonella
metha
nol ex
tract an
dmod
el rats
tane
ously with gluc
ose
foenum
graecum
seed
Planta Med
residue remaining
after
1995
61(4)358
ndash360
metha
nol ex
traction
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek seed
sNormal and
Both unroa
sted
and
roa
sted
forms
Kho
lsa P e
t al E
ffect of Trigonella
graecum
unroasted and
roa
sted
alloxa
n-produced a significant red
uction in
foenum
graecum
(Fe
nugreek) on
powdered
seeds
indu
ced
total ch
olesterol triglyceride LDL an
dseru
m lipids in normal and
diabe
tic
low-dose 2 gkg
diabe
tic rats
VLDL in no
rmal rats decreased
the
irrats Ind
ian J Pha
rmacol 199
527
(2)
high
-dose 8 gkg
raised
lev
els and
inc
reased
HDL in
89ndash9
3diabe
tic rats
Trigonella foenum-
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Normal and
A significant dos
e-related decrease in
Kho
lsa P e
t al E
ffect of Trigonella
graecum
administered at 2 an
dalloxa
n-bloo
d gluco
se both in the
normal as
foenum
graecum
(Fe
nugreek) on
8 g
kg dose orally
indu
ced
well as diabe
tic rats a
nd an
bloo
d gluco
se in no
rmal and
diabe
tic rats
hypo
glyc
emic effect was observe
d
diabe
tic rats Ind
ian J Phy
siol
Pha
rmacol 199
539
(2)1
73ndash1
74
501
(continued)
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek seed
extract
Male W
istar rats
The
results sh
owed
lon
g-term
oral
Petit P e
t al E
ffects of a fenu
greek
graecum
administered orally
10
administration of fen
ugreek ex
tract
seed
extract on feed
ing be
haviou
r an
d 100
mg
day per 300
sign
ifican
tly increased foo
d intake
in the
rat Metab
olic end
ocrine
g weigh
tan
d the
motivation to eat T
he extract
correlates P
harm
acol Bioch
em
also ind
uced hyp
erinsu
linem
ia and
Beh
av 199
345
(2)3
69ndash3
74
hypoc
holesterolem
ia
Trigonella foenum-
Ethan
olic extract from
Hyp
erch
ol-
Red
uction
s in plasm
a ch
olesterol
Stark A Mad
ar Z
The
effect of
graecum
defatted fen
ugreek
esterolemic
leve
ls ran
ged from 18
ndash26
and
aan
ethan
ol extract derived
from
seed
s 30 or 50 g
rats
tend
ency
for low
er con
centration
s of
fenu
greek (Trigonella foenum-
etha
nolic
extractkg
for
liver cho
lesterol w
as observe
d
graecum) on
bile
acid absorption
a 4-week period
and cho
lesterol lev
els in rats
Br J Nutr 199
369
(1)2
77ndash2
87
Trigonella foenum-
100 g deb
ittered fen
ugreek
Clin
ical study 10
Inge
stion resu
lted
in a sign
ifican
tSh
arma RD e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic
graecum
powder for 20 day
shy
perlipidem
icdecrease in the
serum total cho
les-
effect of fenu
greek seed
s
terol LDL V
LDL an
d triglyc
eride
A clin
ical study Phy
tother R
es
leve
ls HDL lev
els were no
t altered
19915145
ndash147
bu
t the ratio with total ch
olesterol an
dLDL and
VLDL w
ere sign
ifican
tly
increa
sed
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek seed
pow
der
Ran
dom
ized
The
fen
ugreek diet sign
ifican
tly
Sharma RD e
t al Effect of fen
ugreek
graecum
(100
g) In 2 eq
ual doses
controlle
ddecreased
fasting
blood
sug
ar and
seed
s on
blood
gluco
se and
at lun
ch and
dinne
r for
trial 10
improve
d the
gluco
se toleran
ce test
seru
m lipids in typ
e I diabe
tes
10 day
sinsu
lin-
Seru
m total cho
lesterol LDL and
Eur JC
lin N
utr 199
044
(4)3
01ndash3
06
dep
enden
tVLDL and
triglyc
erides w
ere also
(typ
e I)
sign
ifican
tly reduced
diabe
tics
Trigonella foenum-
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
graecum
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
cyminum
Ferula
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepatic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
foetida Tamarindus
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
indica Trigonella
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Bioph
ys 198
926
(4)2
54ndash2
58
foenum
-graecum
graecum
also stimulated
the
lev
els of
Zingiber officinale
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
502
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Trigonella foenum-
Trigonella foenum-
Male rats
Daily oral trea
tmen
t with Trigonella
Ahs
an SK et al Effect of Trigonella
graecum
graecum
seed
for 4
foenum
-graecum
sign
ifican
tly decreased
foenum
-graecum
and Ammi majus
on
weeks
the qu
antity of calcium oxa
late dep
osited
calcium oxa
late urolithiasis in rats
in the
kidne
ys thu
s su
pporting
its use
JEthno
pharmacol 198926
(3)2
49ndash254
in Sau
di folk m
edicine
Trigonella foenum-
Twelve
plants used for
Mice
Of the 12
plants Agaricus
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Glycaem
ic
graecum
the trad
itiona
l treatm
ent
bisporus
and Ilex guayusash
owed
effects of traditiona
l Eur
opea
n of diabe
tes ad
ministered
poten
tial antidiabe
tic effect
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
as decoc
tion
s or
Stud
ies in normal and
strep
tozo
tocin
infusion
s for 28
day
sdiabe
tic mice D
iabe
tes Res 198
9Agaricus bisporus
10(2)6
9ndash73
Anacardium
occidentale Arctum
lappa Catharanthus
roseus D
aucus carota
Hum
ulus lupulus Ilex
guayusa Salvia
officinale Sambucus
nigra Taraxacum
officinale Trigonella
foenum
-graecum
Urtica
dioica
Trigonella foenum-
Pow
dered
fen
ugreek
Con
trolled clinical
Powdered
fen
ugreek seed
significantly
Mad
ar Z
et al G
luco
se-low
ering
graecum
seed
(15
g) so
aked
in
trial 21
decreased
subseq
uen
t po
stprand
ial
effect of fenu
greek in non
-ins
ulin
water
individuals
gluco
se lev
els The
plasm
a insu
lin
dep
enden
t diabe
tics Eur
JClin
with no
n-also ten
ded
to be
decreased
in
Nutr 198
842
51ndash
54
insu
linNID
DM but witho
ut a statistical
dep
enden
tdifferenc
e Fen
ugreek ha
d no
Diabetes
effect on lip
id lev
els 3 ho
urs after
mellitus
the mea
l toleranc
e test
(NID
DM)
Trigonella foenum-
Subfraction ldquoardquo co
ntains
Allo
xan-diabe
tic
Whe
n the ex
tract was added
to insu
linRibes G
et al Antidiabe
tic effects of
graecum
the testa end
osperm
dog
strea
tmen
t it resulted in a clear
subfractions
from fen
ugreek
in
and fibers of Trigonella
decrease of hyp
erglyc
emia and
diabe
tic dog
s Proc So
c Ex
p Biol
foenum
-graecum
glyc
osuria accom
panied
by a decrease
Med
198
618
2(2)159
ndash166
of the
high plasma gluc
agon
and
somatostatin leve
ls
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek
30 rats
Addition of fen
ugreek seed
s during
Mital N
Gop
aldas T E
ffect of
graecum
pregn
ancy
and
lactation
did not hav
efenu
greek (Trigonella foenum
any be
neficial effect on
growth of
graecum) seed
based
diets on
pup
s ov
er and
abo
ve tha
t seen
in
the lactationa
l pe
rforman
ce in
control grou
ps
albino
rats N
utr R
eports Int 198
633
(3)4
77ndash4
84
Trigonella foenum-
Defatted fractions
of
Dog
sThe
fraction decreased
the
basal
Ribes G
et al Effects of fenu
greek
graecum
fenu
greek seed
sbloo
d gluco
se lev
el plasma glucago
nseed
s on
end
ocrine
pan
crea
tic
somatostatin leve
ls a
nd decreased
the
secretions
in dog
s A
nn Nutr
orally ind
uced
hyp
erglyc
emia
Metab
198
428
(1)3
7ndash43
503
(continued)
Trigonella foenum-
Fraction
s of fen
ugreek
Dog
sAddition of fen
ugreek
fraction to the
Valette G
et al Hyp
ocho
lesteroa
emic
graecum
seed
food
of diabe
tic hy
percho
lesterolem
iceffect of fenu
greek seed
s in dog
sdog
s caused a significant decrease in
Atherlosclerosis 19
8450(1)105
ndash111
ch
olesterolemia an
d a decrease in
hyperglyc
emia The
defatted portion
of fen
ugreek
seed ind
uced an
hypoc
holesterolem
ic effect
Trigonella foenum-
Stem
s leave
s an
d seeds
Normal a
lloxa
n-
Trigo
nella
acetone
extract appe
ared
to
Gha
fgha
zi T e
t al Antag
onism of
graecum
of Trigonella foenum-
and cad
mium-
act at the
cellular leve
l to produ
ce its
cadm
ium and
allo
xan-indu
ced
graecum
were extracted
trea
ted rats
hypog
lycemic effects on no
rmal rats
hype
rglycemia in rats by Trigonella
for 3 day
s with water
or tho
se treated
with cadmium or
foenum
graecum
Pah
lavi M
ed J
aceton
e and
by soxh
let
alloxa
n19
778(1)1
4ndash25
70degC
Valeriana
450 or 900
mg of an
Ran
dom
dou
ble-
The
re w
as a significant decrease in
Leathw
ood PD C
hauffard F A
queo
usjatamansi
Jone
saq
ueou
s ex
tract of
blind study
sleep laten
cy w
ith 45
0 mg va
lerian
extract of valerian reduces latenc
y VALERIA
NACEAE
valerian
roo
tvo
lunteers
compa
red to placebo
The
highe
r dose
to fall asleep
in man
Planta Med
Indian squill
with mild
of valerian pr
oduced no
furthe
r19
852144
ndash148
Tag
ara
insomnia
improve
men
t in sleep
laten
cy
Indian va
lerian
Valeriana
jatamansi
Valeren
ic acid isolated
Mice
The
extract affected rotarod
and
Hen
driks
H e
t al C
entral nervo
us
from
Valeriana
traction
perform
ance of mice simila
rdep
ressan
t activity of va
lerenic
officinalis
to the
effect of pen
toba
rbital w
ith
acid in the mou
se P
lanta Med
Dose at IP01 mL per 20 g
chlorp
romaz
ine an
d diaze
pam
as
1985
128ndash
31
body weigh
treferenc
e su
bstanc
es It w
as con
-co
ncluded
tha
t va
lerenic acid had
specific
central ne
rvou
s dep
ressan
t properties
Valeriana
jatamansi
Aqu
eous
extract (450
Hum
an trial
Both dos
es red
uced pe
rceive
d sleep
Balderer G
Borbe
ly A
A Effect of
and 900 mg) of va
lerian
18 hea
lthy
latenc
y an
d w
ake time after sleep
valerian
on hu
man
sleep
root
subjects (10
onset In the
lab
only high
er doses
Psych
opha
rmacolog
y 19
8587
slep
t at hom
e
tested
no sign
ifican
t differenc
es from
406ndash
409
8 slep
t at
placebo
were ob
tained
Results
labo
ratory)
indicated
aqu
eous extract exerted
mild
hyp
notic action
504
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Valeriana
jatamansi
Decoc
tion
of Valeriana
Ran
dom
ized
Within 72
hou
rs cessation
of diarrhe
aChe
n S et al Infantile
rotav
irus
jatamansi G
roup A
trial 74
with
in groups
A B
C were 73
9 4
167
enteritis trea
ted w
ith he
rbal
treated w
ith Valeriana
rotaviru
san
d 5625
r
espe
ctively R
etur
n to
Valeriana jatamansi
(VJ) J
Trad
jatamansi g
roup B
enteritis (und
er
norm
al tem
perature w
as 9064
60
Chin Med
198
44(4)297
ndash300
co
ntrol with vitamins
2 ye
ars)
and 9230
r
espe
ctively sugg
esting
grou
p C stand
ard
antipyretic effect of Valeriana
allopa
thic treatmen
tjatamansi
Valeriana
jatamansi
Extract of va
lerian
roo
tDou
ble blind
Valerian pr
oduc
ed a significant
Cha
uffard F e
t al Detection
of
rand
omized
improve
men
t in sleep
qua
lity an
d the
mild
sed
ative effectsva
lerian
trial 12
8effect w
as m
ost marke
d in poo
ran
d sleep
in man
Exp
erientia
volunteers
sleepers smok
ers an
d hab
itua
l co
ffee
19813762
2drink
ers In co
ntrast sleep laten
cy
nigh
t aw
aken
ings
dream
recall an
dso
mno
lenc
e ne
xt day
were relative
lyuna
ffected
Vanda roxburghii
Glyco
side crys
tals
Rats
Vanda roxburghiiha
d no effect on
Prasad
DN A
chari G A study
R Br
obtained
from roo
ts of
acute reaction
following form
alde-
of anti-arthritic action
of Vanda
ORCHID
ACEAE
Vandra roxburghii
hyde injection bu
t effectively pr
e-roxburghiiin albino rats J
Rasna
Dose of 20 mg
kgve
nted
dev
elop
men
t of secon
dary
Indian Med
Assoc
196
646
(5)
Rasna
proliferative ch
ange
s in the
ank
le23
4ndash23
9joint an
d other small joints
Viola odorata
L
Hex
ane chloroform and
Rab
bits
Sign
ifican
t oral antipyretic activity
Kha
ttak
SG et al Antipyretic studies
VIO
LACEAE
water-solub
le extracts of
was exh
ibited
by ex
tracts of Artemisia
on som
e indigen
ous Pa
kistan
i Ban
aphs
haArtemisia absinthium
absinthium
Viola odorata Melia
med
icinal plants JEthno
pha
rmW
ild violet
Viola odorata M
elia
azadirachta
and Fum
aria parviflora
198514(1)45ndash
51
azadirachta
and
compa
rable to asp
irin N
o ob
viou
sFumaria parviflora
toxic effects were no
ted for any
plant
extracts
Vitis vinifera
L
D-glucaric acid dietary
Rats
The
D-glucarates reduced total serum
Walaszek Z et al
D-glucaric acid
VITACEAE
sources inc
lude grap
esch
olesterol in rats by
up to 14
conten
t of various
fru
its an
d
Draksha
and lettuce for exa
mple
(p
005
) an
d low
ered
LDL by up to
vege
tables and
cho
lesterol-low
ering
Grape
s35
(p
005
) bu
t ha
d no effect on
effects of dietary D-glucarate in the
HDL
rat Nutr Res 199
616(4)6
73ndash6
81
Vitis vinifera
Vitis vinifera
seed
sRats
The
extract inh
ibited
the
carrage
en-
Zafirov
D e
t al A
ntiexu
dative
and
pu
rified
and
enriche
dinduced hind paw
edem
a The
secapilla
ritonic effects of procy
ani-
fraction
Procy
anidines
compo
unds also inh
ibited
the
dex
tran
-dines isolated from grape seed
dose 2 mg
kg for 3
3induced edem
a 4 ho
urs after the
(Vitis vinifera) Acta Phy
siol
per day
for 6 day
sdev
elop
men
t of the
process
Pha
rmacol Bulg 199
016
(3)5
0ndash54
Withania
Aqu
eous
susp
ension
of
Stress-ind
uced
Simultane
ous oral administration of
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of ash
wag
andha
somnifera
(L)
root extract of 10
0rabb
its an
dWithania somnifera
preve
nted
the
rise
on lipid perox
idation in stress-
Duna
lmg
kg Withania
mice
in lipid perox
idation in rab
bits and
induced animals J Ethno
-SO
LANACEA
Esomnifera
mice
pha
rm 199
860
173
ndash178
Ashwag
andha
Winter ch
erry
505
(continued)
Withania somnifera
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plan
ts significantly inh
ibited
the
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of som
e Indian
Picrorhiza kurrooa
carcinog
en och
ratoxin-induced
herbs on
macroph
age
Tinospora cordifolia
supp
ression of che
motactic activity
func
tion
s in och
ratoxin A treated
Withania somnifera
and the
produc
tion
of interleu
kin-1
mice J Ethno
pha
rm 199
758
an
d TNF-
aby
macroph
ages
15ndash2
0Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
root
Mice
The
extract atten
uated the
dev
elop
men
t of
Kulkarni SK N
inan
I Inhibition
of
extract
toleranc
e to the
ana
lgesic effect of
morph
ine toleranc
e an
d
morph
ine A
lso up
pressed m
orphine
-dep
enden
ce by Withania somnifera
swithd
rawal ju
mps a sign of dep
enden
cein m
ice J Ethno
pha
rm 199757
(3)
to opiate
213ndash
217
Withania somnifera
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
erglye
mic
The
herba
l form
ulation ha
d little
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
sanctum Picrorhiza
rats
effect on bloo
d suga
r co
ncen
trations
Trasina
an
Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
but doses ind
uced
a dose-related
form
ulation
on pan
crea
tic islet
cordifolia W
ithania
decrease in STZ hyp
erglyc
emia and
supe
roxide dismutase activity in
somniferaD
oses 100
attenu
ation of STZ ind
uced
a decrease
hype
rglycaem
ic rats Ind
ian J
200 mg
kg PO 1
3in islet supe
roxide dism
utase activity in
Exp
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
pe
r day
for 28 day
seu
glyc
aemic rats
Withania somnifera
75 m
etha
nolic
extract
Mice
The
extract w
as fou
nd to sign
ifican
tly
Kuttan
G Use of Withania somnifera
of Withania somnifera
decrease total white blood
cell co
unt
L Dun
al as an
adjuva
nt during
an
d red
uce leu
copen
ia ind
uced by
radiation
the
rapy Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
subletha
l do
ses of gam
ma radiation
19
9634(9)854
ndash856
Withania somnifera
Roo
ts of Withania
Mice
A significant m
odulation of immun
eZiauddin M
et al Studies on the
somnifera
reactivity w
as observe
d as was
immuno
mod
ulatory effects of
immuno
stim
ulatory activity
Ashwag
andh
a J Ethn
opha
rm19
9650(2)69ndash
76
Withania somnifera
Witha
ferin A a
steroidal
Mice
Witha
ferin A w
as effective
in inhibiting
Sh
arad
a AC et al Antitumor and
lacton
e from
Withania
grow
th of Ehrlic
h ascites tumor in
radiosens
itizing effects of w
itha
-somnifera
mou
se
ferin A on mou
se Ehr
lich ascites
carcinom
a in vivo A
cta Onc
ol
1996
35(1)95ndash
100
Withania somnifera
Witha
ferin A a
steroidal
Mice
Witha
ferin A inh
ibited
tum
or growth
Dev
i PU e
t al In vivo grow
th
lacton
e from
Withania
and inc
reased
tum
or free su
rvival in a
inhibitory and
rad
iosens
itizing
somnifera
dose-dep
enden
t man
ner
effects of w
itha
ferin A on mou
se
Ehr
lich ascites carcinom
a C
ancer
Lett 19
9595(1ndash
2)189
ndash193
506
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Withania somnifera
Aqu
eous extract of
Mice
Withania somnifera
show
ed significant
Grand
hi A
et al A
com
parative
powdered
roo
t of
antistress activity an
d significant
pha
rmacolog
ical inv
estiga
tion
of
Withania somnifera
anab
olic activity
Ash
wag
andha
and
Ginseng
JE
thno
pha
rm 199
444
131
ndash135
Withania somnifera
Alcoh
ol extract from
Mice an
d rats
LD
50calculated
as 12
60 m
gkg
bod
ySh
arad
a AC e
t al Tox
icity of
roots of Withania
weigh
t for 30
day
s resu
lted
in no
Withania somnifera
root extracts in
somnifera
mortality or cha
nges in pe
riph
eral
rats and
mice Int J Pha
rmacog
bloo
d con
stituen
ts
1993
31(3)205
ndash212
Withania somnifera
Alcoh
olic roo
t ex
tract of
Mice
The
extract had
a tumor inh
ibiting
Dev
i PU
et al Antitumor and
Withania somnifera
effect a
cted
as a radiosens
itizer a
ndradiosens
itizing effects of Withania
heat enh
anced the
se effects
somnifera
(Ash
wag
andha
) on
a
tran
splantab
le m
ouse tum
or
Sarcom
a 18
0 Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
1993
3160
7ndash61
1Withania somnifera
1 capsu
le 3
3pe
r day
30 patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
composite Ayu
rved
ic d
rugs
on
containing
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus5
0 mg
ureters or
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
blad
ders
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
6(2)199
210
4ndash10
8mg Eclipta alba
100
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
mg Myristica fragrans
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
10 m
g Tinospora
greater than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
cordifolia
100
mg
Tribulus terrestris50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gWithania somnifera
Metha
nolic
fraction of
Rats
Anti-inflam
matory activity retaine
d in
Al-H
inda
wi MK e
t al A
nti-g
ranu
loma
aerial parts of Withania
the ex
tract an
d w
as com
parab
le to that
activity of Iraq
i Withania somnifera
somnifera
of a 5 m
gkg
dos
e of hyd
roco
rtison
eJ Ethno
pha
rm 199
237
113
ndash116
so
dium succinate
Withania somnifera
Witha
ferin A
Rats
Treatmen
t with W
itha
ferin A aga
inst
Sudhir S Bud
hiraja R
D Com
parison
CCl4 ind
uced
hep
atotox
icity
of the
protective effect of With
afferin
possessed
significant protective
lsquoArsquo an
d hyd
roco
rtison
e ag
ains
t effect W
itha
ferin A w
as sho
wn to be
CCL4 induc
ed hep
atox
icity in rats
as effective
as hy
droco
rtison
e dose
Indian
JPhy
siol Pha
rmacol 199
2per dos
e36
(2)1
27ndash1
29
Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Osteo
arthritis patients were rand
omly
Kulka
rni RR e
t al Treatmen
t of
450 mg Boswellia
placeb
o-allocated to receive the placebo
or the
osteoa
rthr
itis w
ith a he
rbal
serrataOleo gu
m resin
controlle
dhe
rbom
ineral formulation
Aform
ulation
A dou
ble-blind
100 mg Curcuma longa
trial 42
sign
ifican
t drop was noted
in the
placebo
-con
trolled c
ross-
rhizom
e 50
mg and
patien
tsseve
rity of pain (p
000
1) and
over study JEthno
pharm
zinc
com
plex 50 mg
disab
ility sco
re (p
005
)19
9133(1ndash
2)91ndash
95
507
(continued)
Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Withania somnifera
was supe
rior in
Karnick
CR A dou
ble-blind placebo
-po
wder extract D
ose
placeb
o-effect to gins
eng root pow
der relative
controlle
d clin
ical study on
the
250 mg 23
per day
controlle
dto baseline perform
ance integrated
effects of Withania somnifera
La
nd
for 40 day
sclinical trial
sens
ory-motor func
tion
an
d au
ditory
Panax ginseng extracts on
psy
cho-
30 hea
lthy
reaction
Both Withania somnifera
motor perform
ance in he
althy
male an
dan
d Panax ginseng
grou
ps pe
rformed
Indian
volun
teers Ind
ian Med
females
statistically
better co
mpa
red to
1991
3(23)1
ndash5
placebo
in men
tal arithm
etic and
motor fun
ction
Withania somnifera
80 ethan
olic extract of
Rats with
Results sho
wed
tha
t the plants possessed
Al-Hindaw
i MK e
t al Anti-inflam
-Achillea santolina
carrag
eena
n-va
rying deg
rees of an
tiinflam
matory
matory activity of so
me Iraq
i Apium
graveolens
indu
ced
activity in the follo
wing descend
ing
plants using
intact rats J
Matricaria chamomilla
paw edem
aorder Withania somnifera Apium
Ethno
pha
rm 198
926
(2)1
63ndash1
68
Myrtus communis
graveolens Achillea santolina Matricaria
Withania somnifera
and
chamomilla Myrtus communis
acetylsalic
ylic acid used
as stand
ard dru
gWithania somnifera
Thr
ee plants lack
ing
Feed
ing trials
All plan
ts produc
ed hep
atic lesions
Arseculeratne et al S
tudies of
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
in rats
that inc
luded
cen
tral vein
med
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Aegle marmelos
abno
rmalities Terminalia chebula
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eHemidesmus indicus
and Withania somnifera
produced
trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs J
Terminalia chebula
marke
d ren
al lesions
Ethno
pha
rm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
Pow
dered
dried
roo
t of
Human
trial
The
extract w
as effective
in a nu
mbe
rBector NP e
t al R
ole of Withania
Withania somnifera
63 patients
of acu
te rhe
umatoid arthritis cases
somnifera
L (A
shwag
andha
) in
and in some with ch
ronic rheu
matoid
variou
s type
s of arthr
opathies
arthritis with acute exa
cerbations
Ind JM
ed R
es 1
96856(10)158
1ndash15
83
TPA tissu
e plasm
inog
en activator H
MG C
oA h
ydroxy
methy
l glutaryl coen
zyme A U
SAN U
nited States Adop
ted N
ames IV intrav
enou
sly IP intraperiton
eally
ED
50 m
edian effective do
se P
GE2 prostag
land
in E
2 G
SH g
lutathione
CSF
AUC C
max L
D50 m
edian lethal dose bid twice daily tid thr
ee tim
es daily
508
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 509
KHAN AND BALICK510
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 511
KHAN AND BALICK512
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 513
KHAN AND BALICK514
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 515
KHAN AND BALICK406
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research was conducted between Janu-ary 1996 and January 2000 The databasessearched were MEDLINEreg and NAPRALERTIn addition we collected literature on tradi-tional medicine and searched two Indian jour-nals not included in MEDLINE Aryavaidyanand the Indian Journal of Medical Research Thesepublications were selected based on theiravailability to us as examples of Indian jour-nals that report on studies of plants and theirtreatment of disease There are many other In-dian journals that contain a great deal of valu-able information however they were not ac-cessible to usmdashwe expect that if access to thistype of traditional knowledge can be facilitatedin some way much more information of inter-est could be located In this paper we only con-sider those studies that include individualplants or mixtures of plants consistent with thephilosophy of Ayurveda We did not includesix species that have been reported on in manyjournals in both human and animal studies Al-lium sativum L Cannabis indica Lam Digitalispurpurea L Papaver somniferum L Rauwolfiaserpentina L and Zingiber officinalis RoscoeHowever we did include these species in thecalculation of percentage of animal and humantrials of the 166 Ayurvedic medicinal plants
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Summary of human studies
A summary of the human studies and thespecies included in the plant mixtures are pre-sented in Table 1 Ayurvedic Plants and Hu-man Studies The disease categories listed inTable 1 are graphically depicted in Figure 1 asbreakdown into eleven disease categories forthe 166 plants (minus the six species alreadydocumented) with human studies The diseasecategories include antimicrobial antimuta-gens cardiovascular dermatology Diabetesmellitus gastrointestinal liver dysfunction nervous system paininflammation renalbloodimmune system and other There are atotal of 145 effects based on the 66 human stud-ies In a few instances when one plant demon-
strated more than one effect ie reduction ofboth blood glucose and triglyceride levels theeffect was counted in both the cardiovascularand Diabetes mellitus categories For the sake ofcomparison Figure 2 represents a breakdownof drugs used in the US pharmacopoeia ac-cording to treatment category based on thework of Paul Cox (1994)
Table 2 is a detailed list of all the plants or-ganized by genus and species with the familynames Information on common Sanskrit andEnglish names is also presented as well asmention of the plant part used preparation anddosage used in the study design model andsample size when known results (negative andpositive) and the original reference that wasexamined Forty-three percent (43) (a total of72) of the species in Table 2 contain referenceto one or more studies with humans and 62(a total of 103) of the species listed in this tablecontain reference to at least one animal trialCareful examination of the studies revealed avariation in sample size quality of researchand presentation of results However there isa great deal of interesting information con-tained in these studies representing a signifi-cant accumulation of evidence supporting theefficacy of plant therapies used in AyurvedaAlthough the table is quite long and detailedthere are a number of plants exhibiting im-pressive therapeutic effects in humans At thesame time this corpus of information serves topoint the way to species that deserve furtherstudy both in animal models and at the clinicToward this end we suggest the adoption ofldquoGood Botanical Practicesrdquo (Balick 1999) withproperly collected vouchered materials usedto produce the phytotherapies under studyThis is the only way that reproducibility of re-sults can be assured should further testing bewarranted
CONCLUSIONS
Plants have long been the principal tools oftraditional medical systems Although ancientin origins many traditional medical paradigmsand their pharmacopoeias have evolved intoquite sophisticated healing systems usingthousands of plants and other natural materi-
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 407
als such as minerals and animal products Inmany parts of the world traditional medicineis still used to provide the major part of pri-mary health care The World Health Organiza-tion has estimated that the majority of theworldrsquos population depends on botanical med-icines for basic health care needs (Akerele1985) Reasons for this include the fact thatthese local systems are culturally acceptablecheaper for many conditions as compared tobiomedicine and efficacious in many of the cir-cumstances in which they are used
In a recent editorial in the New England Jour-nal of Medicine the editors cautioned against the
use of herbal medicines as ldquoa reversion to irra-tional approaches to medical practicerdquo (Angelland Kassirer 1998) In this paper we have at-tempted to dispel the all-too-commonly heldnotion that no clinical or other evidence existsto support the use of plants used in traditionalmedical systems We acknowledge that someof the studies are not as rigorous as desired be-cause of resource or other limitations How-ever the work described in this review canserve to help guide future studies by pointingout promising therapies and thus research av-enues for specific conditions In the case ofAyurvedic medicine Indian journals often re-
FIG 1 Ayurvedic medicinal plant uses classified according to the treatment categories (Based on human studiesn 5 66)
FIG 2 US Pharmacopoeia drug uses classified according to the treatment categories From Cox 1994
gional or those published by individual re-search centers are rich in experimental studiesas well This exercise has also pointed out theneed for access to such publications via greaterinternational cooperation involving informa-tion exchange
This study has been limited by our own ac-cess to information and there are numerous ad-ditional journals that contain information onplants and complex mixtures of plants pre-pared according to traditional formulationsused in the Ayurvedic medical system Wehave undertaken this task in the hope that someof the initial studies presented may help to di-rect research on plants deserving of more in-tensive evaluation as clinical therapies
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful to Scott Gerson MD PhDmedical director of the National Institute ofAyurvedic Medicine Brewster NY for pro-viding us with a listing of the species ofAyurvedic medicinal plants discussed in thispaper We would like to thank the followingthe NAPRALERT staff for providing informa-tion on clinical trials The New York BotanicalGarden Library (for interlibrary loans) JenniferCooper of Naturersquos Herbs for providing refer-ences on some of the plants The Asian Eco-nomic Botany Fund of The New York BotanicalGarden (for funding travel and SK salary) andThe New York Botanical Garden Institute of
Economic Botany Bronx NY staff and internsJan Stevenson Kate Armstrong (1998 EverettPublic Service Intern) Kelvin Chan (volunteer)with special thanks to Rebekka Stone (ResearchAssistant) and Roberta Lee MD We wouldalso like to express our gratitude to GerryBodeker EdD for his thoughtful commentson the piece and to Jackie Wootton MEd andKim Jobst MA DM MRCP MFHom
We are also grateful to The Philecology Trustand The Metropolitan Life Foundation for theirgenerous support of Michael Balickrsquos researchprogram in ethnomedicine
REFERENCES
Angell M Kassirer JP Alternative medicine The risks ofuntested and unregulated remedies [editorial] N Eng-land J Med 1998339839ndash841
Akerele O The WHO Traditional Medicine ProgrammePolicy and Implementation International TraditionalHealth Newsletter Geneva Switzerland World HealthOrganizations 198511
Balick MJ Good Botanical Practices In Eskinazi D (ed)Botanical Medicine Efficacy Quality Assurance andRegulation Larchmont NY Mary Ann Liebert Inc1999121ndash125
Barrett B Kiefer D Rabago D Assessing the risks andbenefits of herbal medicine An overview of scientificevidence Altern Ther Health Med 19995(4)40ndash49
Cox P The ethnobotanical approach to drug discoveryStrengths and limitations In Chadwick D Marsh J(eds) Ethnobotany and the Search for New Drugs JohnWiley amp Sons 199425ndash36
Address reprint requests toMichael J Balick PhD
The New York Botanical GardenBronx NY 10458
E-mail mbalicknybgorg
KHAN AND BALICK408
The Foundation for the Revitilization of Local HealthTraditions (wwwfrlht-indiaorg) founded by DarshanShankar in 1991 is one such pioneering organization ded-icated to the conservation of Indian biodiversity and lo-cal health traditions and cultures
409
APPENDIX toTherapeutic Plants of AyurvedaTables 1 and 2 and Illustrations
410
TABLE 1 AYURVEDIC PLANTS WITH HUMAN STUDIES
Aegle marmelos Irritable bowel syndromeShigellosis
Allium cepa ColicHyperlipidemiaScar treatmentStomach carcinoma
Aloe barbendensis AntidiabeticBurn woundsPsoriasis
Andrographis paniculata Common cold (23)Fever sore throatHepatocellular jaundicePyuria hematuriaStenosis restenosisViral hepatitis
Areca catechu Diphyllobothrium latum infectionInflammatory bowel disease
Artemisia vulgaris Postoperative blood loss bacteriuriaAsparagus racemosus Calculi on kidney urinary bladder
Gastric emptyingAzadirachta indica Congestive heart failure
Mosquito repellant (23)ScabiesVaginal contraceptiveVitiligo
Bacopa monnieri Irritable bowel syndromeBoerhavia diffusa Congestive heart failureBoswellia serrata Ulcerative colitis
OsteoarthritisRheumatoid arthritis
Butea monosperma GiardiasisWorm infestations Ascaris lumbricoides
Capsicum annuum Cluster headaches (23)Diabetic neuropathy (23)Herpes zosterHerpetic neuralgia (33)Local stump pain due to amputationPost herpetic neuralgia (23) Postmastectomy pain syndromeSmall fiber function
Carum carvi ObstipationCedrus deodara Congestive heart failureCocos nucifera Coronary heart disease
ImmunotherapyOral rehydration therapy
Cuminum cyminum Diabetes mellitusCurcuma longa Cancerous lesions (external)
Gastric ulcersOsteoarthritisScabiesSerum lipid peroxides (decrease)Urinary mutagens (decrease)
Cyperus rotundus Intestinal metaplasia atypical hyperplasia of gastricmucosa
Daucus carota Inhibition of endogenous nitrosationMalignant mesotheliomaMetabolic parameters (no adverse changes)Oxidation in copper-oxidized LDL (decrease)Risk of vulvar cancer (decrease)
Dolichos biflorus Binding to healthy oral mucosaEmbelia ribes Acne vulgaris
Worm infestation Ascaris lumbricoidesEmblica officinalis Gastrointestinal disease
Serum cholesterol levelsViral hepatitis
Eugenia jambolana Decreases in mean blood sugar valuesFoeniculum vulgare Chronic nonspecific colitis
411
Glycyrrhiza glabra Acne vulgarisChronic duodenal ulcers (23)Chronic hepatitisHyperkalemia in Diabetes mellitus
Gossypium herbaceum Male antifertility (33)Gymnema sylvestre Mean blood sugar values (decrease) (23)
Serum lipids (decrease)Sweetness perception (decrease)
Holarrhena antidysenterica Facial acneHydrocotyle asiatica ShigellosisLinum usitatissimum N-3 fatty acids (increase)
Postprandrial glucose (decrease)Mallotus philippensis Worm infestations Ascaris lumbricoidesMoringa oleifera Perceived pain relief accelerated expulsion of wormsMucuna pruriens Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMyristica fagrans Calculi in kidneys and urinary bladderNardostachys jatamansi Facial acneNelumbo nucifera HyperlipidemiaOcimum sanctum Non-insulin dependent Diabetes mellitusOryza sativa Oral rehydration therapyPaederia foetida ShigellosisPeucedanum graveolens Vitamin Ab-carotene contentPicrorhiza kurrooa Bronchial asthma
Congestive heart failureViral hepatitisVitiligo
Piper longum Bioavailability of certain drugs (increase)Disappearance of Giardia lamblia
Piper nigrum No damage to human gastric mucosaPueraria tuberosa Migraine headachesRaphanus sativus No adverse effects to metabolic parametersRheum emodi Prevent chronic renal failureRicinus communis Binding of healthy oral mucosaRubia cordifolia Cardiac functionSalvadora persica Peridontal diseaseSantalum album Facial acne
Urinary tract infectionSaussurea lappa Reduced frequency of anginaSesamum indicum WartsStrychnos nux-vomica Nonketotic hyperglycemiaSwertia chirata Decrease in mean blood sugar valuesTamarindus indica Bioavailability of drugs (increase) (23)
Decrease pain accelerated expulsion of wormsTaraxacum officinale Chronic colitisTephrosia purpurea Decrease in mean blood sugar valuesTerminalia arjuna Severe refractory heart failure
Stable angina pectorisTerminalia bellirica Acne vulgarisTerminalia chebula Acne vulgaris
Congestive cardiac failureTinospora cordifolia Calculi on kidney or urinary bladder
Congestive heart failureManagement of obstructive jaundice
Tribulus terrestris Calculi on kidney and urinary bladderRemission of angina pectoris
Trigonella foenum-graecum Hypolipidemic effect (23)Postprandial glucose levels (decrease)Total cholesterol LDL VLDL triglycerides (decrease)
Valeriana jatamansi Infantile rotavirus enteritisMild hypnotic actionMild insomnia decrease sleep latencySleep quality
Withania somnifera Calculi on kidney and urinary bladderOsteoarthritisPsychomotor performanceRheumatoid arthritis
LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol VLDL very low-density lipoprotein cho-lesterol
412
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Acorus calamus
L
Alcoh
olic extract of dried
Rats
Decrease in sev
erity of m
axim
um
Martis G et al Neu
roph
armacolog
ical
ACORACEAE
rhizom
es 1 kg
coa
rse
electric sho
ck ind
uced seizu
res in rats
activity of Acorus calamus
L
Vacha
pow
der
was dem
onstrated
Fitoterapia LXII 1
991433
1ndash33
7Sw
eet Flat
Acorus calamus
Ethan
olic extract of Acorus
Rats m
ice
Extract has sho
wn sedative ana
lgesic
Voh
ora SB
et al Cen
tral nervo
uscalamus rhizo
mes H
ot
mod
erately hy
potensive an
dsy
stem
studies on an
ethan
ol
extract distilla
tion
33
resp
iratory qu
alities
extract of Acorus calamus
L
poo
led c
oncentrated
rhizom
es J E
thno
pharm
and dried
1990
2853
ndash62
Aegle marmelos
Dried
unr
ipe fruit pow
der
Ran
domized
Treatmen
t of shige
llosis with these
Haider R
et al Eva
luation of ind
ige-
(L) Correcirca
of Aegle marmelos
dou
ble-blind
plan
ts did not sho
w any
clin
ical
nous plan
ts in the trea
tmen
t of
RUTACEAE
dried
pow
der plant of
clinical trial
impr
ovem
ent or bacteriolog
ical cure
acute shige
llosis Trop G
eogr M
edBilu
aHydrocotyle asiatica
82 m
en w
ith
as com
pared to am
picillin
1991
43(3)266
ndash270
Bael tree
dried
pow
der of Poederia
shigellosis
foetida
Aegle marmelos
Metha
nolic
extract of root
Mice
Extract inh
ibited
the
spo
ntan
eous
Kak
iuch
i N et al Effects of co
nstitu-
bark Aegle marmelos
beating rate of cu
ltured m
ouse
ents of Beli (Aegle marmelos
L) on
10
0 mg
mL
myo
card
ial cells
by ap
proximately
spon
tane
ous be
ating an
d calcium-
50
paradox
of myo
card
ial cells
Plan
ta
Med
199
157
(1)4
3ndash46
Aegle marmelos
Ayu
rved
ic preparation
Clin
ical trial
In 57 pa
tien
ts A
yurved
ic prepa
ration
Yad
av SK e
t al Irritable bo
wel syn
-Aegle marmelos
and
rand
omized
was effective
in 649 w
hile stand
ard
drome the
rapeu
tic ev
alua
tion
of
Bacopa monnieri
controlle
d
therap
y (w
ith clidinium bromide
indigen
ous dru
gs Ind
ian J Med
Res
169 pa
tien
tsch
lord
iaze
poxide isaph
aghu
lla) in
1989
9049
6ndash50
3with irritable
60 patients was useful 78
3 L
ong-
bowel
term
follow-up sh
owed
both form
s of
synd
rome
therap
y were no
better than
placebo
in lim
iting the relaps
e
Aegle marmelos
Plants lack
ing pyrroliz
idine
Feed
ing
To test tox
icity of plants plants
Arseculeratne
SN e
t al Stud
ies
alka
loids Aegle marmelos
trials in rats
prod
uced
hep
atic lesions
tha
t included
of m
edicinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Hemidesmus indicus
central ve
in abn
ormalities Terminalia
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eTerminalia chebula
chebulaan
d Withania somnifera
trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs
JWithania somnifera
prod
uced
marke
d ren
al lesions
Ethno
pha
rm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
413
(continued)
Aegle marmelos
Aqu
eous decoc
tion
s of
Lab
oratory
All plan
ts dem
onstrated significant
Karuna
naya
ke EH e
t al Oral hy
po-
Aegle marmelos
anim
als
hypo
glyc
emic effect in the
ir ability to
glyc
emic activity of som
e med
icinal
Momordica charantia
decrease the fasting bloo
d gluco
seplants of Sri Lan
ka J Ethno
pha
rm
Salacia reticulata
leve
l an
d impr
ove gluc
ose toleranc
e19
8411(2)223
ndash231
Momordica charantia
had the
highe
steffect w
hile Salacia reticulataha
d the
lowest
Alangium
Extracted
with n-
Mice ex
tract
Sage
is a po
tent inh
ibitor of TPA-ind
uced
Oku
yama T et al Studies on
can
cer
salviifolium
(Lf)
hexa
ne ethy
l acetate
exam
ined
mou
se ear edem
a A
ntitum
or
bioc
hemop
reve
ntion of natural
Wan
gerin
and m
etha
nol
on TPA-
promoting activity guided
the
resourcesX
1
inhibitory effect of
ALA
NGIA
CEAE
Alls
pice b
asil bay
induc
ed ear
separation of the
relatively active
spices onTPA
-enh
anced 3H-cho
line
Ank
ola
leav
es card
amom
seed
edem
asp
ices and
led
to the isolation of
inco
rporation in pho
spho
lipids of
Sage
leave
scinn
amon
cu
min d
illursolic acid from sag
e A
ll plan
tsC3h
10T1
2 cells
and
on TPA
-seed
dry ginge
rwere high
ly poten
t inhibitors of TPA
-induc
ed m
ouse ear edem
a
ging
er h
orseradish
induc
ed m
ouse ear edem
aChin Pha
rm J 199
547
(5)4
21ndash4
30
marjoram oreg
ano
parsley pink pep
per
red pe
ppe
r ros
emary
sage
tarrag
on thym
eturm
eric w
hite pep
per
Allium
cepaL
Allium
cepaintake
Mailed
To assess relations
hips am
ong
Lus
t KD e
t al Materna
l intake
of
ALL
IACEAE
question
naire
compon
ents of the materna
l diet an
dcruc
iferou
s ve
getables and
other
Palan
du
272 mothe
rs
presenc
e of colic sym
ptom
s am
ong
food
s an
d colic sym
ptom
s in
Onion
infants
527
3ex
clusive
ly breast-fed infan
ts S
tudy
exclusive
ly breast-fed infan
ts J A
m
reve
aled
initial eviden
ce tha
t materna
lDietetic Assoc
199
696(1)4
6ndash48
intake
of on
ions
during
exclusive
breast-feeding is assoc
iated w
ith co
licsymptoms in you
ng infan
ts
Allium
cepa
Allium
cepaan
d Allium
Nethe
rlan
ds
Strong
inv
erse assoc
iation
between on
ion
Doran
t E et al Con
sumption of onion
sativum
cons
umption
Coh
ort Study
cons
umption an
d stomach carcinom
aan
d red
uced risk of stomach
on diet an
d
carcinom
a G
asterolenterolog
y canc
er n
519
96110
(1)1
2ndash20
12
085
2 men
an
d w
omen
55
ndash69 ye
ars
Allium
cepa
Aqu
eous
extracts of
Rats
Garlic
and
onion
can
be inge
sted
Bordia T
et al An ev
aluation of
Allium
cepaor Allium
freq
uen
tly in low
dos
es w
itho
ut an
yga
rlic and
onion
as an
tithrombo
tic
sativum
administered
side
effects a
nd can
still pr
oduc
e a
agen
ts P
rostag
land
ins Le
uko
Essen
torally or intrap
eri-
sign
ifican
t an
tithrombo
tic effect
Fatty Acids 19
9654(3)183
ndash186
tone
ally d
aily for
4 weeks
414
Allium
cepa
Con
tractube
x ge
lClin
ical trial 3
8In C
ontractube
x grou
p e
valuation of
Marag
akis M
et al Possibilities of
(Mertz 1
Co D-
child
ren with
therap
eutic resu
lt w
as ldquogo
odrdquo an
dscar treatmen
t after thoracic
Fran
kfurtMain)
scar formation
ldquovery go
odrdquo in 84
of cases as
surgery D
rugs
Und
er Exp
Clin
containing
10
onion
after thoracic
compared
to 59
of untreated
cases
Res 199
521
(5)1
99ndash2
06
extract 50
U sod
ium
surgery
In treated
group
scar size w
ashe
parin
g of gel and
1
Con
tract-
marke
dly low
er q
uicke
r paling and
allantoin
ubex
-treated
conv
ersion
to hy
pertroph
ic or ke
loidal
and 27
scars was less freq
uen
t Sc
ar specific
untrea
ted
effects of C
ontractube
x persisted
after
compared
the en
d of trea
tmen
tAllium
cepa
S-methy
l cy
steine
Allo
xan-
Administration of SM-C
S sign
ifican
tly
Kumari K et al Antidiabe
tic an
d
sulpho
xide (SM-C
S)diabe
tic rats
controlle
d blood
gluco
se lip
id serum
hy
polip
idem
ic effects of S-methy
l isolated
from onion
an
d altered
the
activities of liver
cysteine
sulfox
ide isolated
from
Oral ad
ministration
hexo
kina
se g
luco
se 6-pho
spha
tase
Allium
cepaLinn Ind
J Bioch
emdaily at a dose of 200
and H
MG C
oA red
uctase toward
Biophy
sics 199
532
(1)4
9ndash54
mg
kg bod
y weigh
t for
norm
al Effects of SM-C
S were
45 day
sco
mparab
le to those of glib
enclam
ide
and ins
ulin
Allium
cepa
Allium
cepa Allium
27 hea
lthy
Tolbu
tamide Cucurbita ficifolia Phaseolus
Rom
an R
R et al Antihyp
erglyc
emic
sativa Brassica oleracea
rabb
its
vulgaris Opuntia streptacantha Spinacea
effect of some ed
ible plants
Cucurbita ficifolia
oleracea Cucum
is sativusa
nd Cum
inum
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
548
(1)2
5ndash32
Cum
inum
cyminum
cyminum
sign
ifican
tly decreased
the
Cucum
is sativus Lactuca
area und
er the
gluco
se toleran
ce cur
vesativa Opuntia
and the
hyp
erglyc
emic pea
k Brassica
streptacantha Phaseolus
oleracea Allium
cepa an
d Allium
vulgaris Psidum guajava
sativum
only decreased
the
Spinacea oleracea
hype
rglycemic peak The
glycemic
decreases cau
sed by Psidum guajava
Brassica oleracea
and Lactuca sativa
were no
t sign
ifican
tAllium
cepa
Oral ad
ministration of
Allo
xan-
Diabe
tic co
ndition ch
aracterized by
Sheela C
G et al Anti-diabe
tic
onion su
lfox
ide am
ino
diabe
tic rats
glucose intoleran
ce w
eigh
t loss
effects on
onion
and
garlic
acids
dep
letion
of liv
er glyco
gen im
prove
dsu
lfox
ide am
ino acids in rats
compared
to rats treated
with
Planta Med
ica 19
9561(4)356
ndash357
gliben
clam
ide an
d ins
ulin
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
415
(continued)
Allium
cepa
Allium
cepaaq
ueou
sMice
A significant inc
rease in the
weigh
t of
Al-Bek
airi A
M e
t al Tox
icity studies
extract give
n to m
ice for
testes and
epididym
us of the
treated
on Allium
cepa its effect on
3 mon
ths at a dose of
anim
als was observe
d Sp
erm cou
ntestrad
iol trea
ted m
ice an
d on
100 mg
kg in the
was significantly inc
reased
supp
orting
ep
ididym
al spe
rmatoz
oa
drink
ing water
an aphr
odisiac poten
tial Allium
cepa
Fitoterapia LXII 1
991430
1ndash30
6did not sho
w an estrog
enic or
antiestrog
enic activity an
d w
as dev
oid
of spermatotox
ic poten
tial
Allium
cepa
Ether extract of Allium
Albino rats
Extract sign
ifican
tly pr
even
ted an increa
se
Lata S e
t al Ben
eficial effects of
cepa
in serum
cho
lesterol and
triglyc
eride
Allium
sativum
Allium
cepaan
d
leve
ls c
aused by an
atherog
enic diet
Com
mipho
ra m
ukul on
The
extract provided
significant
experim
ental hy
perlip
idem
ia and
protection ag
ains
t athe
roge
nic diet-
athe
rosclerosismdash
A com
parative
induc
ed atherosclerosis
evalua
tion
JPostgrad Med
199
1(3)1
32ndash1
35
Allium
cepa
10ndash1
000
0 mg Allium
cepa
Mice
The
tum
or yield and
inc
iden
ce of
Belm
an S O
nion
and
garlic
oil inhibit
oil an
d Allium
sativum
pho
rbol-m
yristate-acetate promotion
tumor production C
arcino
gene
sis
oil ap
plied 3
3per w
eek
were inhibited in a dose-dep
enden
t19
834(8)1
063ndash
1065
man
ner ov
er the
ran
ge of 10
ndash100
000
mg
of onion
oil G
arlic
oil was also
inhibitory but was less effective
Allium
cepa
Extracted
onion
or ga
rlic
Human
trial
Onion
and
garlic
had
a significant
Bord
ia A
et al E
ffect of the
essen
tial
juice or equ
ivalen
t of
10 hea
lthy
protective action
aga
inst fat-ind
uced
oils of ga
rlic and
onion
on alim
en-
ethe
r-ex
tracted essen
tial
subjects
increa
ses in serum cho
lesterol and
tary hyp
erlip
idem
ia A
therosclerosis
oils a
dministered 4
plasm
a fibrinog
en and
a decrease in
1975
21(1)15ndash
19
rand
omly different day
sco
agulation time an
d fibrino
lytic
during 1 week
activity
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe barbadensisa poly-
Rats an
d m
ice
Benz
o[a]pyren
e-DNA adduc
t form
ation
Kim
HS Lee BM Inh
ibition of
Mill
saccha
ride fraction
extract
was significantly inh
ibited
in
benz
o[a]pyren
e-DNA adduc
t ASP
HODELA
CEAE
Mice ad
ministered oral
variou
s orga
ns (p
000
1) w
hen mice
form
ation by
Aloe barbadensis
Kumari
dose of 10 mg follo
wed
were pretrea
ted w
ith aloe
The
se results
Miller C
arcino
gene
sis 19
9718(4)
Aloe ve
rawith 16
day
s of treatmen
t su
ggest a ch
emop
rotective effect
771ndash
776
at 50 mg per m
ouse
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
juice prep
ared
Placebo
-Bloo
d suga
r leve
ls and
triglyc
eride
Yon
gcha
iyud
ha SV e
t al
from
aloe ge
l 1 tablespoo
n co
ntrolle
dleve
ls w
ere decreased
significantly
Antidiabe
tic activity of Aloe vera
23pe
r day
for at least
and single-
Whe
n give
n Aloe vera
juice
L juice I Clin
ical trial in ne
w2 weeks
blind trial
cases of diabe
tes mellitus
50
men
22
Phy
tomed
199
63(3)241
ndash243
wom
en w
ith
diabe
tes
416
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
gel ve
rsus
no
Phase III
Dermatitis sco
res were virtua
lly iden
tical
Williams MS et al Pha
se III
trea
tmen
tdou
ble-blind
on both trea
tmen
t arms dur
ing bo
th
dou
ble-blind eva
luation of an
rand
omized
the trials T
his dose sche
dule of an Aloe
aloe
vera ge
l as a proph
ylactic
trial Trial 1
vera
gel doe
s no
t pr
otect ag
ains
t ag
ent for radiation
-ind
uced
skin
194 wom
en
radiation
toxicity Int J R
adiat Onc
ol B
iol
Trial 2 10
8Phy
sics 199
636
(2)3
45ndash3
49
wom
enAloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
extract cream 05
Dou
ble-blind
Patien
ts w
ith slight to mod
erate ch
ronic
Syed
TA e
t al M
anag
emen
t of
100 g of placebo
or active
placebo
-plaqu
e-type
psoriasis w
ere treated
psoriasis w
ith Aloe ve
ra extract in
ingred
ient 3
3 daily for
controlle
d
By the en
d of the study 25
30a hy
drophilic
cream
A placebo
5 co
nsecutive
day
s pe
r study 60
(833
) were cu
red com
pared to 2
30co
ntrolle
d dou
ble-blind study
week (m
axim
um 4 w
eeks)
patients with
(66) in the
placebo
group Pso
riasis
Trop Med
Int H
ealth 19
961(4)
psoriasis
and A
rea an
d Sev
erity Index
sco
re50
5ndash50
9decreased
to a mea
n of 22
Aloe barbadensis
CARN 750
is a po
lydispersed
Mye
losu
p-Su
bcutan
eous ad
ministration sign
ifican
tly
Egg
er SF et al Hem
atop
oietic
b(14)-lin
ked acetylated
pressed
(7 Gy)
increased splenic an
d periphe
ral bloo
d
augm
entation
by a be
ta-(14)-
man
nan isolated
from
C57BL6 mice
cellu
larity a
s well as hem
atop
oietic
linke
d m
anna
n C
ancer Im
mun
ol
Aloe barbadensis
proge
nitors in sp
leen
and
bon
e marrow
Immuno
ther 1
99643(4)1
95ndash2
05
(hem
atop
oietic aug
men
tation
)Aloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
gel
Clin
ical and
Patien
ts w
ere treated w
ith Aloe vera
Visuthiko
sol V et al Effect of
histolog
icge
l co
mpared
with va
selin
e ga
uze
Aloe ve
ra gel to he
aling of burn
study
The
aloe trea
ted-group
hea
led
wou
nd and
clin
ical and
histologic
27 patients
sign
ifican
tly faster in 11
98 day
sstudy JMed
Assoc
Tha
iland
199
5with partial
whe
reas petroleum
jelly
-treated
group
78(8)4
03ndash4
09
thickn
ess bu
rns
healed
in 18
19 day
s (p
000
2)Aloe barbadensis
Top
ical applic
ation of
Mice
Top
ical app
lication of gel impr
oved
Strick
land
FM e
t al Pr
even
tion
of
016
7ndash167
aloe ge
lUV-ind
uced
immune
suppr
ession
by
ultraviolet rad
iation
-ind
uced
after each
irrad
iation
a mecha
nism
tha
t doe
s no
t invo
lve
supp
ression of con
tact and
delay
edDNA dam
age or rep
air
hypersens
itivity by
Aloe barbadensis
gel ex
tract JInv
est Dermatol 199
410
2(2)197
ndash204
Aloe barbadensis
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used
of pow
dered
plant
dosed
for 10
the plants were studied
in rats for 10
Indian ab
ortifacien
t plants with
material Adhatoda vasica
day
sday
s after insemination with sp
ecial
special referenc
e to the
ir teratolog
ic
Abrus precatorius Acacia
referenc
e to effects of fetal
effects in rats J Ethno
pharm 199
2arabica Aloe barbadensis
dev
elop
men
t Leaf ex
tracts of
36147
ndash154
Anethum
sowa Apium
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
petroselinium Banbusa
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
417
(continued)
arundensis Blepharis
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
edulis Butea monosperma
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Lepidum sativum
Mesua
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
ferrea Moringa oleifera
at the
doses tested
Mucuna pruriens
Raphanus sativus Sida
cordifolia Trachyspermum
ammai
Aloe barbadensis
Aceman
nan the
USA
NMice rats
No sign
ifican
t sign
s of intox
ication an
d
Foglem
an R
W e
t al Tox
icolog
ic
accepted
nam
e for the
and dog
sno
dea
ths oc
curred
in an
imals trea
ted
evaluation of injectable acem
anna
n long
-cha
in polyd
ispe
rsed
with
the
single injection of A
ceman
nan
in the
mou
se rat an
d dog
Vet
b-(14)-acetylated
at dosag
es of 80
mg
kg IV or 20
0 mg
Hum Tox
icol 199
234
(3)2
01ndash2
05
polyman
nose w
ith
kg IP in m
ice 15 mg
kg or 50 m
gkg
interspersed o-acetylated
IP in rats an
d 10 mg
kg IV or 50
mg
grou
ps extracted
from
kgIP in dog
sAloe barbadensis 1 m
gmL
solution
eithe
r as a 1
dose or rep
eated at
4-day
interva
ls for 8
doses by IV
or IP rou
tes
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe barbadensis
Mice m
urine
Sarcom
as grew in 10
0 of the co
ntrol
Peng
SY e
t al Decreased
mortality
Aceman
nan lon
g ch
ain
sarcom
a cells
an
imals an
d resulted in mortality in
of N
orman
mur
ine sarcom
a in
polydispersed b
(14)-
subc
utan
eously
20ndash4
6 day
s dep
ending on
the
num
ber
mice trea
ted w
ith im
muno
-lin
ked m
anna
n polym
ers
implan
ted
of cells implan
ted 4
0 of an
imals
mod
ulator Aceman
nan M
ol
with rand
om O
-acetyl
trea
ted w
ith Aceman
nan su
rvived
Biother 199
13(3)79ndash
87
grou
ps give
n IP
Aloe barbadensis
Gastric administration of
Rab
bits
Results sho
wed
tha
t tolbutamide an
dRom
an-R
amos
R e
t al Exp
erim
ental
water tolbu
tamide or a
studied plants excep
t Aloe barbadensis
study of the
hyp
oglycemic effect
plan
t preparation
decreased
significantly the
area un
der
of som
e an
tidiabe
tic plan
ts A
rch
the gluco
se toleran
ce curve in
Inve
st M
ed (Mex
) 19
912287ndash9
3relation
to the water con
trol group
Aloe barbadensis
Exu
date of Aloe barbadensis
Allo
xan-diabe
tic
Hyp
oglycemic effects of aloe
on seru
m
Ajabn
oor MA Effect of aloes on
leav
es and
bitter
mice
gluc
ose leve
ls w
ere insign
ifican
t bloo
d gluco
se lev
els in normal
principle A
dministered
whe
reas the
bitter pr
inciple w
as
and allo
xan diabe
tic mice
orally 50
0 mg
kg
high
ly significant and
exten
ded ove
r a
JEthno
pha
rm 199
028
(2)2
15ndash2
20
The
bitter pr
inciple w
asperiod of 24
hou
rs The
max
imum
ad
ministered IP 5 m
gkg
decrease in plasm
a gluc
ose leve
l was
observed
at day
5 in bo
th cases
Alpinia galanga
Ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Alpinia galanga
trea
tmen
t sign
ifican
tly
Quresh
i S et al Effect of Alpinia
(L) Sw
Alpinia galanga
decreased
the
effect of ind
uced
galangatrea
tmen
t on
cytolog
ical
ZIN
GIBERACEAE
rhizom
es Minim
um
micronu
clea
ted polyc
hrom
atic
and bioch
emical cha
nges ind
uced
Malay
avacha
effective dose was 125
erythr
ocytes (MPE
) witho
ut altering
by cyc
lopho
spha
mide in m
ice
Java
galan
gal
mg
kg bod
y weigh
tcy
totoxicity B
ioch
emical cha
nges
Int J Ph
armacog
199
432
(2)1
71ndash1
77
caus
ed by MPE in the liv
er w
ere
also significantly inh
ibited
418
Alpinia galanga
Ethan
olic extract of
Rats
Sign
ifican
t decrease in the
inten
sity of
Al-Yah
ya M
A et al Gastric
Alpinia galanga
at a
muco
sal dam
age was gastric observe
d
antisecretory antiulcer and
dose of 500 m
gkg
Alpinia galanga
prod
uced a significant
cytoprotective properties of
decrease in gastric secretion
in py
loru
s etha
nolic
extract of A galanga
ligated
rats an
d a highly sign
ifican
t W
illd in rats P
hytother R
es 199
0cy
toprotective effect aga
inst ind
uced
4(3)112
ndash114
cy
todestruction
Alpinia galanga
Ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Tox
icities studies were don
e N
oQuresh
i S et al Tox
icity studies on
rhizom
es of Alpinia
sign
ifican
t mortality co
mpared
to
Alpinia galanga
and Curcuma longa
galangaan
d Curcuma
controls w
as noted
The
gain in
Planta Med
199
258
(2)1
24ndash1
27
longa A
cute dos
ages
weigh
ts of sexu
al organ
s an
d05 10 an
d 3 gkg
bod
yincrea
sed spe
rm m
otility and
spe
rmweigh
t Chr
onic dos
age
counts were ob
served
in bo
th groups
100 mg
kg per day
The
se cha
nges w
ere high
ly significant
in the
Alpinia galanga-treated
group
Both ex
tracts failed to sh
ow any
spermatotox
ic effects
Ananas comosus
Bromelain a proteolytic
Piglets
Administration of bromelain can
Myn
ott TL e
t al Oral ad
ministration
(L) Merr
extract ob
tained
from
inhibit Enterotox
igen
ic Escherichia
of protease inhibits enterotox
igen
ic
BROMELIA
CEAE
pine
apple stems
coli(ETEC) receptor activity in vivo an
dEscherichia colireceptor activity in
Ana
nas
may
be us
eful for preve
ntion of K
881
piglet small intestine G
ut 199638(1)
Pineapple
ETEC-ind
uced
diarrhe
a28
ndash32
Ananas
Enz
yme fraction
s derived
12
rats with
Results ind
icate de
bridem
ent (the
Row
an A
D et al Deb
ridem
ent of
Comosus
from
the
stem of
full thickn
ess
remov
al of un
healthy tissue) of the
experim
ental full-thickn
ess sk
in
pine
apple
skin burns
injury cou
ld be effected
rap
idly
burns of rats with en
zyme fraction
s (w
ithin 4 ho
urs) Pineapple ha
sderived
from pinea
pple stems
poten
tial as a no
nsurgical deb
riding
Burns 19
9016(4)243
ndash246
ag
ent
Andrographis
Kan
Jan
g herba
l extract
Ran
dom
ized
No sign
ifican
t differenc
e in the
occurren
ceCaceres D
D et al Preve
ntion of
paniculata
principle ing
redient is
dou
ble-blind
of colds be
tween the study grou
p an
dco
mmon
colds with Andrographis
(Burmf) Nees
Andrographis paniculata
study 107
the placebo
con
trol In the third m
onth
paniculata
dried
extract A
pilo
tACANTHACEAE
approximately 2 tablet
healthy vo
l-there was a significant decrease in the
dou
ble blind trial P
hytomed
icine
Kirta
per day
of 10
0 mg ea
chun
teers all
occu
rren
ce of co
ld in the stud
y grou
p19
974(2)1
01ndash1
04
King of Bitters
approximately
compared
to the placebo
18
yea
rs old
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
419
(continued)
Andrographis
Kan
jang
tab
lets s
tand
ardized
Con
trolled
A decrease of the
subjective
sym
ptom
s Melch
ior J et al Con
trolled clin
ical
paniculata
Andrographis paniculata
dou
ble-blind
and dur
ation of sym
ptoms of the
study of stand
ardized
Andrographis
extract
pilot study
common
cold w
ere sign
ifican
tly
paniculata
extract in com
mon
coldmdash
50 patients
reduc
ed (p
002
5)a pilo
t trial Phy
tomed
icine 19
96
1997
3(4)3
15ndash3
18
Andrographis
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Spon
tane
ously
Dose-dep
enden
t hy
poten
sive
effect on
Zha
ng C
Y T
an BK H
ypoten
sive
paniculata
Andrographis paniculata
hypertens
ive
systolic blood
pressur
e was studied
activity of aq
ueou
s ex
tract of
Chr
onic IP infusion
s rats and
Plasm
a an
gioten
sin-co
nverting
Andrographis paniculata
in rats
by osm
otic pum
ps
Wistar-
enzy
me activities as well as kidne
yClin
Exp
Pha
rm Phy
s 19
9623(8)
Kyo
to rats
thioba
rbitur
ic acid lev
el w
ere
675ndash
678
sign
ifican
tly decreased
in ex
tract-
trea
ted versu
s co
ntrols
Andrographis
Adrographis paniculata
Dog
mod
elFind
ings
ind
icate that Andrographis
Guo ZL et al An ex
perimen
tal
paniculata
paniculata
may
decrease the ne
gative
study of the
mecha
nism
of
effects of ische
mic rep
erfusion
(by
Andrographis paniculata
Nees(APN)
decreasing the ha
rmful effects of free-
in alle
viating the Ca(21
)-ov
er-
radical dam
age)
load
ing in the
process of myo
- card
ial isch
emic rep
erfusion
J
Ton
gji Med
Univ 1995
15(4)205
ndash208
Andrographis
Andrographis paniculata
Clin
ical trial
Results sho
w tha
t post Extraco
rporea
lMuan
gman
V e
t al The
usage
of
paniculata
tablets (250
mg)
100 patients
Shoc
k W
ave Litho
tripsy (ESW
L)
Andrographis paniculata
follo
wing
4 tablets tid 25 patients
with rena
lpyu
ria an
d hem
aturia in patients
Extraco
rporea
l Sh
ock W
ave
give
n co
trim
oxazole
ston
es and
receiving Andrographis paniculata
Litho
tripsy
(ESW
L) J Med
2 tablets bid 2
5 patients
norm
al ren
alwere reduced to 069
and
055
Assoc
Tha
iland
199
578
(6)3
10ndash3
13
received
norflox
acin
func
tion
compared
to pre-ESW
L value
200 mg bid
Authors co
nclude Andrographis
paniculata
is ben
eficial for post-
ESW
L urina
ry tract infection
Andrographis
Extract of Andrographis
Clin
ical trial
Extract can
significantly alle
viate
Wan
g DW
Hua
YZ Prev
ention
of
paniculata
paniculata
patien
tsathe
rosclerotic sten
osis and
resteno
sis
athe
rosclerotic arterial steno
sis
with sten
osis
after ex
perimen
tal an
giop
lasty A
4-
and resteno
sis after an
giop
lasty
week follo
w-up show
ed dila
ted ilia
cwith Andrographis paniculata
arteries in co
ntrol grou
p all ha
d sev
ere
nees and
fish oil Chine
se M
ed J
resten
osis b
ut Andrographis
(Eng
lish Ed) 19
94107
(6)4
64ndash4
70
paniculata-treated
group
had
no or
only m
ild resteno
sis oc
cur
Andrographis
Andrographis paniculata
Ran
dom
ized
Efficacy of paracetam
ol or high
dose
Tha
mlik
itku
l V e
t al Efficacy
of
paniculata
3 g
d or 6 g
d for
dou
ble-blind
of Andrographis paniculata
was
Andrographis paniculata N
ees for
7 da
ys or Pa
racetamol
study
15
2sign
ifican
tly more effective than
low
pha
ryng
oton
sillitis in adults J Med
ad
ults with
dose of Andrographis paniculata
atAssoc
Tha
iland
199
174
(10)437
ndash442
ph
aryn
go-
day
3 in term
s of the
relief of fev
ertons
illitis
and sore throat
420
Andrographis
And
rograp
holid
e a
Rats
Andrographis paniculata
exhibited stron
g Tripathi G
S T
ripathi Y
B C
holeretic
paniculata
diterpe
ne iso
lated from
choleratic action whe
n ad
ministered
action
of And
rograp
holid
e ob
tained
Andrographis
IP The
sub
stan
ce ind
uced an increa
se
from
Andrographis paniculata
in
paniculata
in bile
flow and
a cha
nge in phy
sical
rats P
hytother R
es 199
1517
6ndash17
8properties of bile secretion
Andrographis
A m
ixture of Andrographis
Hum
an trial
Herba
l mixture w
as administered to
Ram
ji et al E
ffect of K
almeg
ha and
paniculata
paniculata
and Emblica
35 patients
patients with Hep
atitis B
1 B
2 a
ndAmlaki com
pou
nd on viral
officinalis
hepa
titis B
1
post he
patitis syn
drome The
mixture
hepatitis (Kos
htha
-Sha
khashr
ita
hepa
titis B
2
dem
onstrated efficacy in red
ucing
Kam
ala) A
ryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)
and post-
clinical sym
ptom
s improving
liver
164ndash
169
hepa
titis
func
tion
an
d album
in
synd
rome
Andrographis
Decoc
tion
of Andrographis
Hum
anHep
atoc
ellular jaund
ice was m
onitored
Tom
ar G
S Singh
RN Treatmen
t of
paniculata
paniculata
of 60 ml
trial 60
Yellow color of the co
njunc
tiva
he
patoc
ellular jaund
ice with
day
(eq
uiva
lent to 40
gpa
tien
tsim
prove
d 100 ten
der hep
atic
Kalmeg
h (Andrographis paniculata)
of cru
de drug) in 3
with he
pato-
enlargem
ent decreased
in 96
w
ithin
Aryav
aidya
n 19
9011(3ndash
3)156
ndash162
divided
dos
es A
verage
cellu
lar
20 day
s of treatmen
t Loss of
trea
tmen
t 23
12
4 day
sjaund
ice
appetite in 100
w
as improve
d after
4ndash5 da
ys S
everal tests w
ere high
lysign
ifican
t after trea
tmen
t seru
mbilirubin alkaline pho
spha
tase s
erum
tran
sferase
Andrographis
Alcoh
ol extract of
Guinea
pigs
Extract ex
hibited sign
ifican
t an
tidiarrhe
alGupta S et al A
ntidiarrho
eal activity
paniculata
Andrographis
and rab
bits
activity aga
inst Escherichia coli en
terotoxins
of diterpen
es of Andrographis
paniculata
in animal m
odels
paniculata
(Kal-M
egh) aga
inst
Escherichia colien
terotoxin in in
vivo
mod
els Int JCru
de Drig Res
1990
(4)2
73ndash2
83
Andrographis
Andrographis
Rats
Rep
eated administration of leaf
Cho
udhu
ry BR et al In vivoan
d
paniculata
paniculata
leaf extract
extract positively effected
microsomal
in vitro
effects of K
almeg
h an
d and
rograp
holid
edru
g metab
olizing en
zyme system
s of
(Andrographis paniculata) ex
tract an
dthe rat liv
er (he
patic m
icroso
mal
andrograp
holid
e on
hep
atic
aniline
hydroxy
lase N
-dem
ethy
lase
microsomal dru
g metab
olizing
and O
-dem
ethy
lase enz
ymes)
enzy
mes P
lanta Med
198
753
13
5ndash14
0
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
421
(continued)
Apium
graveolens L
Aqu
eous celery extract
Rats
Seru
m cho
lesterol con
centration
was
Tsi D
Tan
BK E
ffects of celery
UMBELLIFE
RAE
administered
sign
ifican
tly decreased
(p
005)
extract an
d 3-N
-butylphtha
lide
Ajm
oda
intrap
eriton
eally
compared
to co
ntrols Celery ex
tract
on lipid lev
els in gen
etically
Celery
was effective
in prev
enting
the
rise of
hype
rcho
lesterolae
mic (RIC
O) rats
cholesterol leve
l in rats
Clin
Exp
Pha
rmacol Phy
siol
1996
23(3)214
ndash217
Apium
graveolens
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats with
A significant hep
atop
rotective activity
Sing
h A H
anda SS
Hep
atop
rotective
the seed
s of Apium
paracetamol-
of the
metha
nolic
extract of the seed
sactivity of Apium
graveolensan
dgraveolens
and
induced
of both plants was rep
orted
Hygrophila auriculataag
ains
tHygrophila auriculata
liver
paracetam
ol and
thioa
cetamide
dam
age
intoxication
in rats JE
thno
pharm
1995
1549
(3)1
19ndash1
26
Apium
graveolens
Aqu
eous celery extract
Wistar rats
At the en
d of 8 weeks a
significant
Tsi D
et al Effects of a aq
ueou
s 2 grou
ps fed high fat
decrease was fou
nd in total seru
m
celery (Apium
graveolens) extract
diets 1
group also fed
cholesterol LD
L ch
olesterol an
d
on lipid param
eters of rats fed a
aqueo
us celery extract
triglyceride co
ncen
trations
high
fat diet Plan
ta M
ed 199
561(1)
18ndash2
1Apium
graveolens
From
celery seed
oil 3-
Mice with
After treatmen
t with co
mpou
nds
Zhe
ng G
Q et al Che
mop
reve
ntion
n-bu
tylphtha
lide
benz
o[a]
tumor inc
iden
ce w
as decreased
from
of ben
z-[a]pyren
e-induc
ed fore-
sedan
olide and
pyrene
-68
to 30 and
11
A red
uction in
stom
ach canc
er in mice by
natur
al
p-men
tha-28-dien-1-ol
induced
tumor m
ultiplic
ity of 67
and
83
phtha
lides from celery root seed
were tested
tumorigen
esis
was observe
d w
ith 3-n-bu
tylphtha
lide
oil Nutr C
ancer 19
9319(1)77ndash
86
and sed
anolide D
ata indicate bo
thwere active
in tumor inh
ibition
Apium
graveolens
80 ethan
olic extract of
Rats with
Results sh
owed
tha
t the plan
tsAl-Hindaw
i MK e
t al Anti-
Achillea santolina
carrag
eena
n-possessed
varying
deg
rees of an
ti-
inflam
matory activity of some
Apium
graveolens
induced
inflam
matory activity in the follo
wing
Iraq
i plants using
intact rats
Matricaria chamomilla
paw edem
adescend
ing order W
ithania somnifera
JEthno
pha
rm 198
926
(2)1
63ndash1
68
Myrtus communis
Apium
graveolens Achillea santolina
Withania somnifera
and
Matricaria chamomilla Myrtus communis
Acetylsalicylic acid used
as stand
ard drug
Areca catechu
L
Betel nut ch
ewing
Mailed question
-11
6 resp
onses to question
naire
Lee CN et al Betel nut an
d sm
oking
PALMAE
naire 223
co
mpared
to he
althy mem
bers of the
Are the
y bo
th protective in
Poo
gapa
tien
ts w
ith
community It ap
pears that smok
ing
ulcerative co
litis A pilo
t study
Areca nut
inflam
matory
and betel nut ch
ewing reduce the
risk
Arquivos de Gastroe
nterol
bowel disea
seof dev
elop
ing ulcerative
colitis
1996
33(1)3ndash5
Areca catechu
Betel nut ch
ewing
Con
trolled
A significant inc
rease in m
itom
ycin C
Trive
di AH e
t al Eleva
ted m
utag
en
clinical
(MMC)-induc
ed sister ch
romatid
suscep
tibility in cultured
trial 40
exch
ange
(SC
E)cell va
lues w
ere
lymph
ocytes of oral can
cer
oral can
cer
observed
amon
g oral can
cer patients
patie
nts A
ntican
cer Res 199515
(6B)
40 tob
acco
(betel nut ch
ewers) as co
mpared
to
2589
ndash259
2ch
ewers 40
healthy no
nche
wer con
trols
healthy
individuals
422
Areca catechu
Betel quid che
wing
Hum
anRea
ctive ox
ygen
spe
cies O
H rad
ical
Nair UJ et al Ortho
- an
dcons
isting
of be
tel leaf
trial 5
are form
ed in the hu
man
oral cavity
metatyros
ine form
ation from
areca qu
id catech
u an
dvo
lunteers
during
betel quid che
wing an
d m
ay be
phe
nylalanine
in hu
man
saliva as
slak
ed lim
e (w
itho
ut
implic
ated
in the ge
netic dam
age that
a marke
r of hyd
roxy
l radical
toba
cco)
has be
en obs
erve
d in oral epithe
lial
gene
ration
during be
tel qu
idcells
of ch
ewers
chew
ing C
arcino
gene
sis
(Oxford) 19
9516(5)119
5ndash11
98
Areca catechu
Che
wing an
d smok
ing
Case-controlle
dIncreased risk of oral su
bmuco
us
Mah
er R
Role of areca nut in the
habits and
oral
clinical
fibros
is w
as obs
erve
d for areca nu
tcaus
ation of oral su
bmuco
us
subm
uco
us fibrosis
trial 15
7ch
ewing W
hen the ha
bit was
fibros
is a case-con
trol study in
(OSF
)cases an
dpracticed
alone
app
eared to ha
vePak
istan JOral Patho
l Med
199
415
7 co
ntrols
high
est risk followed
by ldquop
aanrdquo
with
23(2)6
5ndash69
or w
itho
ut toba
cco D
aily con
sumption
rates ap
pea
red to be
more im
portant
with resp
ect to risk than
lifetim
e duration
of ha
bit
Areca catechu
Areca nut pow
der added
Mice
Areca nut decreased
mace-indu
ced
Sing
h A Rao
AR Mod
ulatory effect
to feed
increa
ses in hep
atic glutathione
-S-
of areca nut on
the
action of m
ace
tran
sferase an
d sulphh
ydryl leve
ls and
(Myristica fragrans H
outt) on
the
elev
ated
fur
ther inc
reases in the leve
lshe
patic detox
ification sy
stem
in
of cytochr
ome b5
and
P-450
mice Foo
d C
hem Tox
ic 199
331
(7)
517ndash
521
Areca catechu
Oral ha
bits
Retrosp
ective
Ana
lyses confirmed
an association
van W
yk C
W et al The
areca nut
study
betw
een nu
t ch
ewing an
d che
ekch
ewing ha
bit an
d oral sq
uamou
s 14
3 men
canc
er T
he data sh
owed
tha
t areca
cell carcinom
a in Sou
th A
frican
an
d w
omen
nut ha
bit with or w
itho
ut toba
cco use
Indians
A retrosp
ective
study
with oral
is important in the dev
elop
men
t of
South A
frican
Med
J 199
383
(6)
squa
mou
soral squ
amou
s carcinom
a42
5ndash42
9carcinom
aAreca catechu
Areca nut decoction
Case stud
yA case stud
y dem
onstrated the
Fu H
H e
t al Areca nut in the
effectiven
ess of areca nut decoc
tion
in
trea
tmen
t of diphy
llobo
thrium
the trea
tmen
t of Diphyllobothrium
latum infection
Rep
ort of a
latum
infection
case study C
hin Med
J 195
169
40
7ndash40
9
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
423
(continued)
Artemisia vulgaris L
Infusion
Urtica dioica
Human
An he
rbal infusion
used to irriga
te the
Dav
idov
MI et al Po
stad
enom
ectomy
COMPO
SITAE
Hypericum
trial 22
blad
der after prostate ad
enom
ectomy
phy
toperfusion
of the blad
der
Nag
adam
niperformatum
pa
tien
ts post-
reduc
ed post op
erative bloo
d loss
Urologiya
INefrologiya
199
50(5)
Mug
wort
Matricaria recutita
pros
tate
bacteriuria preve
nted
hem
orrh
agic
19ndash2
0Plantaginis majoris
aden
omectomy
and puru
lent inflammation
Herba millefolii
Betula Artemisia
vulgaris Fragaria vesca
Asparagus
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plan
ts significantly inh
ibited
the
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of som
e Indian
racemosus
Willd
Picrorhiza kurrooa
carcinog
en och
ratoxin-induced
herbs on
macroph
age func
tion
s ASP
ARAGACEA
ETinospora cordifolia
supp
ression of che
motactic activity
in och
ratoxin A treated
mice J
Shatau
ari
Withania somnifera
and the
produc
tion
of interleu
kin-1
Ethno
pha
rm 199
758
(5)1
5ndash20
Asp
arag
us
and tumor necrosis factor-a
bymacroph
ages
Asparagus
1 capsu
le 3
3pe
r day
30
patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
racemosus
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also in its
composite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs o
ncontaining
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
ability to slow
ly disintegrate bo
thcalculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus5
0 mg
ureters or
calcium-oxa
late and
calcium
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
blad
ders
carbon
ate crys
tals in a sp
an of 72
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
mg Eclipta alba
100
hours and
com
plete disch
arging
of
mg Myristica fragrans
crystals w
ithin 15
ndash30 day
s C
omplete
10 m
g Tinospora
disch
arge
occur
red in grea
ter than
cordifolia1
00 m
g80
of the patients
Tribulus terrestris 50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gAsparagus
2 g pow
dered
roo
t of
Clin
ical crossov
erBasal gastric emptying t12
was 159
9Dalvi SS et al Effect of Asparagus
racemosus
Asparagus racemosus
study
8
that w
as red
uced by Asparagus
racemosus
(Sha
tava
ri) on
gastric
compa
red to stan
dard
norm
alracemosus
to 101
(p
000
1) and
by
emptying time in normal hea
lthy
treatm
ent of 10 mg
healthy male
metoc
lopr
amide to 853 (p
000
1)
volunteers J Postgrad M
ed 199
0tablet m
etoclopramide
volunteers
Asparagus racemosus
and
36(2)9
1ndash94
metoc
lopr
amide did not differ
sign
ifican
tly in the
ir effect
Asparagus
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
Whe
n co
mpared
with co
ntrol grou
ps
Tha
tte UM Dah
anuka
r SA
racemosus
Tinospora cordifolia
all four
dru
gs preve
nted
to va
rying
Com
parative stud
y of
glucan an
d lithium
for
deg
rees leuc
open
ia Both indigen
ous
immuno
mod
ulating activity of
15 day
splants were poten
t im
muno
stim
ulants
Indian
med
icinal plants lithium
with effects comparab
le to lithium
carbon
ate an
d glucan M
etho
ds
and glucan
Find
Exp
Clin
Pha
rmacol
1988
10(10
)639
ndash644
Azadirachta indica
Pur
ified ne
em extracts
Rats bab
oons
Pr
egna
ncy was terminated
(with oral
Talwar G
P et al Ind
uced
termination
A Juss
orally delivered
and m
onke
ysne
em) su
ccessfully in roden
tsof pregn
ancy
by pur
ified extracts
MELIA
CEAE
and primates w
ith no
significant side
of Azadirachta indica(N
eem)
Arish
taeffects
Mecha
nism
s invo
lved
Am J
Neem
Rep
rod Immun
ol 199737(6)4
85ndash4
91
424
Azadirachta indica
Lea
f po
wder of
Male albino
rats
Results sugg
est a po
ssible rev
ersible
Joshi AR e
t al Effect of Azadirachta
Azadirachta indica
antian
droge
nic pr
operty of the leav
es
indica
leav
es on testis and
its
reco
very in albino
rats Ind
ian
JExp
Biol 19
9634(11
)109
1ndash10
94
Azadirachta indica
Neem oil in m
ixed
in
Con
trolled
Results rev
ealed 81
ndash91
mosqu
ito
Mishr
a AK e
t al Use of ne
em oil as
coconu
t oil (1ndash4)
field study
repellant action during
12-ho
ur pe
riod
a mosqu
ito repe
llent in tribal
exposed
of observa
tion
from bites of
villa
ges of M
andla district Mad
hya
body pa
rts
anop
helin
e mosqu
itoe
sPradesh Ind
ian J Malariol 19
95
of hum
an32
(3)9
9ndash10
3vo
lunteers
Azadirachta indica
Neem cream
Con
trolled
App
lication of neem cream
to ex
posed
Dua
VK Rep
ellent action of neem
field study
body parts sho
wed
78
89
a
nd
cream aga
inst m
osqu
itoe
s Ind
ian J
exposed
944 protection ag
ains
t Aed
es
Malariology
199
532
(2)4
7ndash53
bo
dy pa
rts
Culex
and
Ano
phe
les mos
quitoe
sof hum
anresp
ective
ly Sign
ifican
t differenc
evo
lunteers
was observe
d between ne
em cream
-trea
ted and
untreated
group for Aed
emos
quitoe
sAzadirachta indica
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
iaad
ministered postinfective
preinfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia in
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
sing
le and
multiple dos
es of ex
tract
mice with a trad
itiona
lly prescribe
d
Terminalia chebula
Salmonella
and had
a significant the
rapeu
tic
crud
e dru
g form
ulation
J
Tinospora cordifolia
typhi
effect in reduc
ing septicemia
Ethno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aque
ous alco
hol etha
nol
1 stock solution us
edto prepa
re dilu
tion
sOral or subc
utane
ous
administration
Azadirachta indica
Extracts of neem lea
ves
Rats
Neem dose dep
ende
ntly decreased
gastric
Garg GP et al The
gastric antiulcer
ulcer sev
erity in rats ub
jected
to stress
effects of the
lea
ves of the
Neem
and also decreased
ethan
ol provo
ked
tree Plan
ta M
ed 199
359
215
ndash217
ga
stric muc
osal dam
age
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
425
(continued)
Azadirachta indica
Azadirachta indicaan
dPilo
t stud
yIn 97
of the cases a cur
e of scabies w
as
Cha
rles V
Cha
rles SX T
he use and
Curcuma longapa
ste
814 patients
obtained
within 3ndash
15 day
s of treatmen
tefficacy
of Azadirachta indicaADR
with scab
ies
(ldquoNeemrdquo) and
Curcuma longa
(ldquoTurm
ericrdquo) in scab
iesA pilo
tstudy Trop G
eogr M
ed 199
244
17
8ndash18
1Azadirachta indica
A decoc
tion
of the follo
wing
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoc
tion
and
Sati R
B Sh
arma RK Man
agem
ent of
herbs Azadirachta indica
cong
estive
Urgenic indica Patients with isch
emic
cong
estive
cardiac failu
re w
ith
Boerhaavia diffusa Cedrus
heart failu
rehe
art disease card
iomyo
pathy
and
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
deodara Picrorhiza kurrooa
cor pulmon
ale were give
n pow
der of
Aryav
aidy
an 199
04(2)123
ndash126
Terminalia chebula Tinospora
Inula racemosa w
hile patients with
cordifolia Trichosantes lobata
rheu
matic heart disea
se w
ere give
nInula raceomosa2 g 8
Commiphora mukul A
fter 2 w
eeks
hourly Commiphora mukul
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
12 g 8 ho
urly Urgenic
completely 2
had
bradyc
ardia and
indica 100 m
g 8 ho
urly
2 were refractory
Azadirachta indica
Group I Azadirachta indica
Ran
dom
Enc
ouraging
improve
men
t in treating
Nair RP et al Clin
ical eva
luation of
powder 4 g33
day
trial 60
vitilig
o (app
earanc
e of w
hite patch
esAyu
rved
ic prepa
ration
s in vitiligo
Pa
ste of Abrus precatorius
patien
tson
the
skin) w
as noted
in bo
th group
sJR
es A
yur Siddh 19
87VIII(1ndash
2)
and Plumbago zeylanica
with vitilig
o30
ndash38
applie
d externa
llyGroup
IIPow
der of
Phyllanthus emblica
Acacia catechuan
dseed
s of Psoralea
corylifolia
4 g
33day
Azadirachta indica
Neem oil ap
plie
d w
ith
Human
and
Used intrava
gina
lly ne
em w
as 100
Sinh
a KC e
t al N
eem oil as a
an applicator
anim
aleffective in preve
nting pregn
ancy
in
vagina
l co
ntraceptive Ind
ian
trial rats
subjects
JMed
Res 198
479
131
ndash136
rhesus
mon
keys
hu
man
sBacopa monnieri
Ayu
rved
ic prepa
ration
of
Dou
ble-blind
Ayu
rved
ic preparation was effective
in
Yad
av SK et al Irritable bo
wel
(L) Pe
nnell
Aegle marmelos
and Bacopa
rand
omized
649 w
hereas stand
ard the
rapy
was
synd
rome the
rape
utic ev
alua
tion
SC
ROPH
ULA
RIACEA
Emonnierifor 6 weeks
trial 16
9useful in 783
Placebo
patients
of ind
igen
ous dru
gs Indian JM
edBrahm
ive
rsus
stand
ard the
rapy
pa
tien
ts w
ith
improve
d 327
The
rapy was
Res Sect A-Infect Dis 198
990
Brahm
iof clid
inium bromide
irritable
particu
larly be
neficial in the diarrhe
a-49
6ndash50
3ch
lord
iaze
poxide and
bowel
predom
inan
t form
of IBS
isap
hagu
llasynd
rome
(IBS)
Bacopa monnieri
Con
stituen
ts of Bacopa
Rats
Bacosides app
eared to ha
ve a significant
Sing
h HK et al Effect of Bacos
ides A
monnieriaq
ueo
us
effect on men
tal retention capa
city of
and B on av
oidan
ce respon
ses in
susp
ension
of ba
cosides
rats by im
prov
ing resp
onses
rats P
hyto R
es 198
82(2)70ndash
75
A and
B
426
Bacopa monnieri
Aqu
eous
susp
ension
of
Rats
In Sho
ck-M
otivated
Brigh
tness-
Sing
h HK Dha
wan
BN
an alcoh
olic extract of
Discrim
ination Reaction the
treated
Effect of Bacopa monniera
Bacopa monnieri(40 mg
kg
grou
p sho
wed
significant better
Linn (brah
mi) extract on
orally) for 3 or m
ore day
sacqu
isition improv
ed reten
tion
an
dav
oida
nce resp
onses in rat J
delay
ed extinction In Active
Ethno
pharm 198
25(2)205
ndash214
Con
ditione
d Flig
ht R
eaction animals
show
ed a significant sho
rter reaction
time than
con
trols in flig
ht reaction
Boerhavia diffusa L
Aqu
eous
or po
wder roo
tRats
Extract exh
ibited
marke
d protection of a
Raw
at A
K et al Hep
atop
rotective
NYCTAGIN
ACEAE
of Boerhavia diffusa
majority of serum param
eters A
queo
us
activity of Boerhaavia diffusa
L
Puna
rnau
aAqu
eous ex
tract (2 m
lkg
) form
had
more he
patop
rotective
rootsmdash
A pop
ular Indian ethn
o-Sp
read
ing
of roo
tseffect tha
n po
wder T
his may
be
med
icine J Ethno
pharm 199
756
(1)
hogw
eed
due to better ab
sorp
tion
of the liq
uid
61ndash6
6throug
h ga
strointestinal tract
Boerhavia diffusa
Boerhavia diffusa
Golden
Form
ulation
had
a m
axim
um cure rate
Sohn
i YR B
hatt R
M A
ctivity of a
Berberis aristata
hamsters
of 73
as a dose of 800
mg
kg per day
crud
e ex
tract form
ulation
in
Tinospora cordifolia
with he
patic
in hep
atic amoe
biasis The
ave
rage
expe
rimen
tal he
patic amoe
biasis
Terminalia chebula
amoe
biasis
deg
ree of infection
to 14 co
mpared
to
and in im
mun
omod
ulation
studies
Zingiber officinale
42 for controls w
as red
uced
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
654
(2ndash3
)119
ndash124
Dried
and
pulve
rize
dplan
ts extracted
in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually
Metronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
yBoerhavia diffusa
Boerhavia diffusa
Rats with caecal
Form
ulation
had
a curative
rate of 89
So
hni YR e
t al The
anti-am
oebic
Berberis aristata
amoe
biasis
with av
erag
e deg
ree of infection
effect of a crude dru
g in
Tinospora cordifolia
(cae
cal am
oebiasis) (A
DI) red
uced to
form
ulation
of he
rbal extracts
Terminalia chebula
04 in a group dos
ed w
ith 50
0 mg
kg
agains
t En
tamoe
ba histolytica in
Zingiber officinale
per day
as co
mpared
with ADI
vitroan
d in vivo J Ethno
pha
rmDried
and
pulve
rize
dof 38 for con
trols
1995
45(1)43ndash
52
plan
ts extracted
in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually
Metronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
y
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
427
(continued)
Boerhavia diffusa
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
iaad
ministered postinfective
preinfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
sing
le a
nd m
ultiple doses of ex
tract
in m
ice with a trad
itiona
llyTerminalia chebula
Salmonella
and had
a significant the
rapeu
tic
prescribe
d crude dru
g form
ulation
Tinospora cordifolia
typhi
effect in reduc
ing septicemia
JEthno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aq
ueou
s alcoho
l etha
nol
1 stock
solution us
edto prepare dilu
tion
sOral or subcutane
ous
administration
Boerhavia diffusa
Ethan
olic extract of
Pregn
ant
Extract w
as fou
nd to be
dev
oid of an
ySing
h A et al An ex
perimen
tal
Boerhavia diffusa
albino
rats
teratoge
nic effect as litter size and
evaluation of possible teratoge
nic
Daily dose of 250
mg
kgdur
ing
survival rate of fetuses were same as
poten
tial in Boerhaavia diffusa
in
period
of
the co
ntrol an
d no fetal an
omaly
Albino rats Plan
ta M
ed 199
157
(4)
gestation
could be detected
315ndash31
6Boerhavia diffusa
Alcoh
olic extract of
Rats an
d m
ice
Extract exh
ibited
hep
atop
rotective
Cha
ndan
BK et al Boerhaavia diffusa
who
le plant of
activity aga
inst ind
uced hep
atox
icity
A study of its hep
atop
rotective
Boerhavia diffusa
and sho
wed
an increa
se in no
rmal bile
activity J Ethno
pha
rm 199
131
(3)
500 mg
kg at 48
24
an
dflow
sugg
esting
a stron
g ch
oleretic
299ndash30
72 ho
urs before an
d 6
activity N
o sign
s of tox
icity with an
hours after C
C14
oral dose up
to 2 g
kg
administration
Boerhavia diffusa
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sha
rma RK Man
agem
ent of
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica Patients with
cong
estive
cardiac failure w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic heart disease card
iomyo
pathy
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
and cor pulm
onale were give
n pow
der
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash1
26
Cedrus deodara
of Inula racemosa
while patients with
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rheu
matic heart disease w
ere give
nTerminalia chebula
Commiphora mukul After 2 w
eeks of
Tinospora cordifolia
trea
tmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Trichosantes lobata
completely 2 had
bradyc
ardia a
ndInula racemosa2 g 8
2 were refractory
hourly Commiphora
mukul1
2 g 8 ho
urly
Urgenic indica10
0 mg
8 ho
urly
Boswellia serrata
Boswellia serrata
gum
Con
trolled
Patien
ts suffering from
ulcerative co
litis
Gupta I et al Effects of Boswellia
Rox
bex
Coleb
rresin prepa
ration
clinical trial
all param
eters tested
improve
d after
serratagu
m resin in pa
tien
ts w
ith
BURSE
RACEAE
Dosag
e of 350 m
g 33
per
trea
tmen
t the resu
lts be
ing simila
r ulcerative co
litis Eur
J M
ed R
es
Shallaki
day
for 6 w
eeks or as a
to con
trols 82
treated
wen
t into
19972(1)3
7ndash43
Indian oliban
um
control su
lfasalazine
remission
for the su
lfasalaz
ine-
(1 g 3
3per day
)trea
ted group 75
428
Boswellia serrata
H15
a sp
ecial ex
tract of
Con
trolled
The
extract w
as effective
in reduc
ing
Etzel R
Sp
ecial ex
tract of
the gu
m resin of Boswellia
clinical
symptom
s of rhe
umatoid arthritis in
Boswellia serrata
(H15
) in the
serrata33
2 or 3
33
trial 26
050
ndash6
0 of pa
tien
ts inv
olve
d The
retreatm
ent of rhe
umatoid arthritis
tablets as a 400
mg
patients with
was a significant red
uction
in sw
ellin
g Ph
ytom
edicine 19
963(1)9
1ndash94
extract
rheu
matoid
and pain co
mpa
red to the placeb
oarthritis
Boswellia serrata
Boswellic
acids
Rats
Boswellic
acids were found
to po
ssess
Kap
il A E
ffect of Boswellic
acids
sign
ifican
t an
ti-inflammatory an
don
com
plemen
t in adjuva
nt- an
dco
mplem
ent-inhibitory activities
carrag
eena
n-induc
ed inflammation
Inflam
mop
harm
acolog
y 1994
2
361ndash
367
Boswellia serrata
Acetyl-bo
swellic
acids
Mice trea
ted
Mice were give
n the ex
tract 1 ho
ur before
Safayh
i H e
t al Pr
otection
by
(ac-BA
) isolated
from
with ga
lactos-
administration with ga
lactosam
ine
bosw
ellic
acid aga
inst
gum resin of Boswellia
amine
endotox
in T
he extract significantly
galactosam
ine
endotox
in-
serrata
endotox
in to
reduced seru
m enz
yme activities The
induced hep
atitis in mice
induce
extractrsquos protection was interpr
eted
in
Bioch
em Pha
rmacol 199
141
(10)
hepatitis
term
s of its ability to inh
ibit the
15
36ndash1
537
form
ation of leu
kotriene
sBoswellia serrata
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Osteo
arthritis pa
tien
ts w
ere rand
omly
Kulkarni R
R et al Treatmen
t of
450 mg Boswellia
placebo
-allocated to receive the placeb
o or the
osteoa
rthr
itis w
ith a he
rbal
serrataOleo gu
m resin
controlle
dhe
rbom
ineral formulation A
significant
form
ulation
a dou
ble-blind
100 mg Curcuma longa
trial 42
drop was noted
in the seve
rity of pa
in
placeb
o-co
ntrolle
d cros
s-ov
er
rhizom
e 50
mg and
Zinc
patients
(p
000
1) and
disab
ility sco
re
stud
y JEthno
pharm 199
1complex 50
mg
(p
005
)33
(1ndash2
)91ndash
95
Boswellia serrata
Alcoh
olic extract of salai
Rats an
d m
ice
To stud
y cellu
lar an
d humoral immune
Sh
arma ML e
t al E
ffect of salai
gugg
al w
as prepared
resp
onses an
d leucocy
tes migration
gu
ggal ex-Boswellia serrata
on
as a fine ho
mog
enized
oral administration of the
extract
cellu
lar an
d hum
oral immun
e su
spen
sion
in 2
gum
strong
ly inh
ibited
antibod
y pr
oduction
resp
onses an
d leuco
cyte
acacia and
administered
and cellular resp
onses inh
ibited
the
migration
Age
nts Actions
orally
infiltration
of polym
orpho
nuclea
r 19
8824(1ndash
2)161
ndash164
leuc
ocytes a
nd decreased
the
volume
of pleural ex
udate
Boswellia serrata
Alcoh
olic extract of
Rats an
d m
ice
The
extract display
ed m
arke
d anti-
Sing
h GB A
tal CK Ph
armacolog
y of
salai gu
ggal
inflam
matory activity in carrag
eena
n-an
extract of salai gu
ggal ex-
induced edem
a in rats an
d mice It
Boswellia serrata a
new
non
-was equ
ally effective
in
steroidal anti-inflam
matory ag
ent
adrena
lectom
ised
rats
Age
nts Actions 198618
(3ndash4
)407ndash4
12
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPH
ARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
429
(continued)
Butea monosperma
Pippali Rasay
ana an
Con
trolled
Com
plete disappe
aran
ce of Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al
(Lam
) Tau
bAyu
rved
ic dru
gclinical trial
from
stools in 23
25 (92
) pa
tien
ts
Man
agem
ent of giard
iasis by
aLEGUMIN
OSA
Eprep
ared
from Butea
25 patients
resu
lted
Sy
mptom
s of ill he
alth
herbal dru
g lsquoPippali Rasay
anarsquo A
Palasa
monospermastem
s an
dwith
abdom
inal disco
mfort p
resenc
e of
clinical study
J Ethno
pharm
Bastard
tea
kleav
es and
Piper longum
giardiasis
mucu
s pus cells
and
red
blood
cells
1997
56(3)233
ndash236
dried
fru
its A
dministered
25 con
trols
sign
ifican
tly reduced Sp
ontane
ous
orally at 1 g PO
33pe
r day
recove
ry in 20
of the cases was
for 15 day
srecord
ed in the placeb
o co
ntrol grou
pButea monosperma
Pippali Rasay
ana prepa
red
Two grou
psMice infected
with Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al Man
agem
ent of
from
Butea monosperma
of m
ice with
trop
hozo
ites tha
t were trea
ted w
ith the
giardiasis by
an im
mun
omod
ulatory
stem
s an
d leav
es and
a control
herbal formula produced up to 98
he
rbal dru
g Pippa
li rasaya
na
Piper longum dried
fru
its
recove
ry from the
infection
JE
thno
pha
rm 199
444
(3)1
43ndash1
46
administered orally
Butea monosperma
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
lyof pow
dered
plant
dosed
for 10
the plants were stud
ied in rats for 10
used Ind
ian ab
ortifacien
t plants
material Adhatoda vasica
day
sday
s after insemination with sp
ecial
with sp
ecial referenc
e to the
irAbrus precatorius Acacia
referenc
e to effects of fetal
teratologic effects in rats J
arabicva Aloe barbadensis
dev
elop
men
t Leaf extracts of
Ethno
pha
rm 199
236
147
ndash154
Anethum
sowa Apium
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
petroselinium Banbusa
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
arundensis Blepharis edulis
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
Butea monosperma
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Lepidum sativum
Mesua
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
ferrea Moringa oleifera
at the
dos
es tested
Mucuna pruriens
Raphanus sativus
Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
Butea monosperma
Crude pow
der mixture
75 patients with
The
cure rate in group
A w
as 80
Sa
rma BP O
jha D T
he m
anag
emen
t of equ
al parts of
variou
s worm
grou
p B treated with meb
endaz
ole
of G
andupa
da krim
i (Ascaris
Ailanthus excelsa Butea
infestations
was 92
an
d group C
was 76
lumbricoides) w
ith indigen
ous dru
gs
monosperma Embelia
Cure rate sho
wed
neg
ative Ascaris
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
70ndash172
ribes Erythrina indica
lumbricoidesov
a in stool rep
ort for
Mallotus philippensis
three co
nsecutive da
ys
Orxylum
indicum
Butea monosperma
Alcoh
olic susp
ension
of
Albino rats
At the tw
o dos
es Butea monosperma
Seth IN e
t al T
eratolog
ical eva
luation
Butea monosperma
show
ed abo
rtifactant activity 38
46
of seed susp
ension
of Butea
seed
s D
ose of 175
and
an
d 6578 r
espe
ctively In cases
monosperma in rats Fitoterap
ia
359 mg
kg bod
y weigh
twhe
re pregn
ancy
con
tinu
ed b
irth
1990
LXI(6)547
ndash550
defects w
ere no
ticed 61
54
and
3422
resp
ective
ly
430
Butea monosperma
Butin isolated
from seeds
Adu
ltAnti-im
plantation activity in 40
70
Bha
rgav
a SK
Estroge
nic an
d
of Butea monosperma
female rats
and 90
of the treated animals
postcoital an
tico
ncep
tive
activity
Oral ad
ministration to
resu
lted
At lower doses there was a
in rats of butin iso
lated from
rats at 5 10 and
20 mg
dose-dep
enden
t term
ination of
Butea monospermaseed
J
per rat day
1ndash5
of
pregn
ancy
and
a decrease in the
Ethno
pha
rm 198
618
(1)9
5ndash10
1pr
egna
ncy
numbe
r of implantation sites
Capsicum annuum L
Rats fed the
following
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
princ
iples
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
SOLA
NACEAE
plan
ts for 8 w
eeks
were ex
amined
for the
ir pos
sible
dietary spices or the
ir active
Katuv
ira
Brassicasp
ecies
influen
ce on the digestive
enz
ymes of
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes
Span
ish Pep
per
Capsicum annum
intestinal m
ucosa D
ietary curcumin
of small intestinal m
ucosa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
caps
aicin piperine an
d Zingiber
Int J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash
59
Curcuma longa Ferula
officinaleprominen
tly en
hanc
ed
foetida Piper longum
intestinal lipase activity and
also the
Piper nigrum
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
maltase
Trigonella foenum-
Dietary Cum
inum
cyminum
Trigonella
graecum Zingiber
foemum
-graecum
Brassica sp
ecies an
d
officinale
Ferula foetida
brou
ght ab
out decreases
in the
lev
els of pho
spha
tases an
d
sucrase The
positive influen
ces of a
good
num
ber of spices on term
inal
enzy
mes of the digestive
process cou
ld
be an ad
ditiona
l featur
e of species
that are gen
erally w
ell recogn
ized
to
stim
ulate digestion
Capsicum annuum
Intran
asal cap
saicin
Dou
ble-blind
Patien
ts w
ith cluster headache
sMarks D
R e
t al A dou
ble-blind
placeb
o-received
intrana
sal caps
aicin an
dplacebo
con
trolled trial of
controlle
dex
perien
ced a significant decrease in
intran
asal cap
saicin for cluster
trial
head
ache
sev
erity relative
to co
ntrols
head
ache
Cep
halalgia 199
313
(2)
114ndash
116
Capsicum annuum
Top
ically applied
Ran
dom
ized
All efficacy
variablesrelated
to he
rpetic
Watso
n CPN e
t al A ran
dom
ized
capsaicin 0075
cream
vehicle-
neuralgia sho
wed
a significant
vehicle-co
ntrolle
d trial of topical
controlle
dim
prove
men
t at nea
rly all time po
ints
caps
aicin in treatmen
t of
trial 14
3throug
hout the study for bo
th
postherpe
tic ne
uralgia C
lin
patien
tspatient group
s red
uction in pain
The
r 19
9315(3)510
ndash526
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
431
(continued)
with ch
ronic
or cha
nges in pain seve
rity pa
in relief
post-herpetic
and func
tion
al cap
acity scale
neur
algia
Capsicum annuum
007
5 cap
saicin cream
Dou
ble-blind
Cap
saicin cream
was app
lied top
ically
The
Cap
saican
Study Group
App
lied 4
3pe
r day
for
vehicle-
to areas of pain in patients with
Treatmen
t of painful diabe
tic
8 weeks
controlle
ddiabe
tic ne
uropathy
The
cream
neuropa
thy with topical cap
saican
study
produced significant relief for patients
a multicen
ter dou
ble-blind v
ehicle-
compared
to thos
e receiving a no
nactive
control-led study A
rch Int Med
cream
1991
151
(11)222
5ndash22
29
Capsicum annuum
Nasal cap
saicin
Hum
an trial
Cluster headache
patients (11
16) ex
peri-
Raloff J Hot prosp
ects for que
lling
16
cluster
enced cessation of hea
dache
s after
clus
ter he
adache
s Sci N
ews 19
91
head
ache
treatm
ent with capsaicin solution
in the
1320ndash
21
patien
tsno
stril of the
sam
e side of the
hea
dache
Ano
ther 2 patients ex
perienc
ed 50
reduc
tion
in pa
in
Capsicum annuum
002
5 cap
saicin cream
Dou
ble-
The
study indicates 0025
cap
saicin is
Walke
r FO
Lew
is SF Som
esthetic
blinded
a safe top
ical age
nt w
ith dem
onstrable
and electroph
ysiologic effects of
controlle
dclinical effects on sm
all fibe
r func
tion
topical 002
5 cap
saicin in man
trial
but no
t on
large
fiber or au
tono
mic
Reg
Ane
sth 19
901561
ndash66
10 subjects
func
tion
Capsicum annum
Cap
saicin cream
0025
Case stud
yAfter amputation sev
ere pain dev
elop
ed
Ray
ner HC e
t al Relief of loc
al
43daily
47-year-old
in both stum
ps A
pplic
ation of cap
saicin
stump pain by
cap
saicin cream
diabe
tic
relie
ved the
pain co
mpletely after day
Lan
cet 19
892512
76ndash1
277
with be
low
7 with no
loc
al irritation O
n stop
ping
the kn
eethe cream p
ain returned
after 2 d
ays
ampu
tation
Capsicum annuum
Spice princ
iples cap
saicin
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
curcumin p
iperine Plants
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
Brassica Cinnamomum
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepatic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian J Bioch
emcymimum
Ferula foetida
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 19
8926(4)254
ndash258
Tamarindus indica Trigonella
graecum
also stimulated the
lev
els of
foenum
-graecum
cy
toch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
Zingiber officinale
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Capsicum annuum
Cap
saicin cream
or placebo
Dou
ble-blind
Sign
ifican
t increa
sed relie
f in
Berns
tein JE et al T
opical cap
saicin
trea
ted for a 6-w
eek
controlle
dcaps
aicin-treated group
com
pared
trea
tmen
t of chr
onic pos
therpetic
period
trial 32
with ve
hicle was observe
d for all
neuralgia J A
m A
cad D
ermatol
patien
tsefficacy
variables A
fter 6 w
eeks
19
892126
5ndash27
0with ch
ronic
80 of caps
aicin-treated patients
post-herpetic
expe
rien
ced som
e pa
in relief
neur
algia
432
Capsicum annuum
Cap
saicin cream
0025
2 case studies
Male 67 ye
ars old with Diabetes mellitus
Ross DR Varipap
a RJ Treatmen
t of
presented
with pa
in in the ou
ter
painful diabe
tic ne
uropa
thy with
aspe
cts of left thigh C
apsaicin treatmen
ttopical caps
aicin N
Eng
l JM
ed
33per day
resulted in total relief
1989
321
(7)4
74ndash4
75
of dys
esthesias within 5 day
s M
ale
57 yea
rs old with diabe
tic ne
uropa
thy
was treated
with caps
aicin 43
per
day
Within 2 weeks
he stated
pain
was relieve
d to a muc
h greater ex
tent
Capsicum annuum
Top
ical 0025
cap
saicin
Human
trial
After a variety of treatm
ent ap
proache
s W
atson CP e
t al T
he post-
18 patients
(to reduce pain) w
ere uns
atisfactory
mastectom
y pain sy
ndrome an
d
with post-
12 of the 14
patients co
mpleting
the effect of topical capsaicin Pain
mastectom
ytrea
tmen
t with caps
aicin sh
owed
19
893817
7ndash18
6pa
inim
prove
men
t after 4 weeks and
8 (57
)
synd
rome
were judg
ed to be
goo
d or ex
celle
nt
resp
onses
Capsicum annuum
Top
ical 0025
cap
saicin
Human
trial
39 entering the trial achiev
ed at least
Watson CP e
t al P
ost-he
rpetic
33 patients
a go
od result and
55
were im
prove
d
neur
algia an
d top
ical cap
saicin
with post-
or better 56
of the 23
patients
Pain 19
883333
3ndash34
0he
rpetic
completing
the
study ha
d goo
d or
neuralgia
excelle
nt pain relie
f after 4 weeks 78
of the
23 no
ted at least some
improve
men
t in pain
Capsicum annuum
Cap
saicin cream
0025
Case stud
yHealthy
male 66 ye
ars old p
resented
Haw
k RJ Millikan
LE Treatmen
t of
Stan
dard therap
y includ
ed
with he
rpes zos
ter A
fter 18 mon
ths
oral postherpe
tic ne
uralgia w
ith
15 mL betam
etha
sone
of stand
ard treatmen
t su
bject
topical capsaicin Int JD
ermatol
sodium pho
spha
te 1
5 m
Linitiated cap
saicin treatmen
t19
8827(5)336
triamcino
lone
acetonide
Discomfort decreased
within 2 day
s(4
3pe
r day
application) F
our weeks
after initiating
treatmen
t patient
awok
e with no
pain
Carum
carvi
L
For ob
stipation a
Human
trial
The
lax
ative he
rb com
bina
tion
was
Matev
M e
t al Use of an
herba
l UMBELLIFE
RAE
combina
tion
of Rhamus
patien
ts w
ith
effective in 100
of the pa
tien
ts
combina
tion
with laxa
tive
action
Krish
najira
frangula Citrus aurantium
duod
enal ulcer
Daily defecation in 906
of patients
on duod
enal pep
tic ulcer an
d
Caraw
ayCarum
carvi F
or m
ain
or gastrod
uo-
and eve
ry secon
d day
defecation was
gastroduod
enitis patients with a
disea
se a
com
bina
tion
of
den
itis
obtained
94 of the pa
tien
ts
conc
omitan
t ob
stipation
Symphitum
officinalis and
all with
synd
rome [Bulgarian] Vutr
Calendula officinalis
obstipation
Boles 198
120
(6)4
8ndash51
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
433
(continued)
Cassia fistula
L
Aqu
eous fraction
of
Mice
Cassia fistula
prod
uced a sign
ifican
tAve
lla E e
t al Ev
aluation of tradi-
LEGUMMIN
OSA
Eleav
es of Cassia fistula
decrease in glycemia and
in the
tion
al m
edicineEffects of Cajanus
Aragh
ada
Dosag
es of 30
0 500
and
glucose toleran
ce test
cajanL an
d of Cassia fistula
L on
Indian labu
rnum
100 mg
kgcarboh
ydrate m
etab
olism in mice
[Span
ish] R
ev M
ed Pan
ama
1991
16(1)39ndash
45
Cassia fistula
Leg
ume Cassia fistula
Albino rats
Administration of Cassia fistula produ
ced
el-Saa
dan
y SS
et al The
bioch
emical
a sign
ifican
t decrease in blood
and
role and
hyp
ocho
lesterolaemic
liver total lipids Brain s
pleen kidne
ys
poten
tial of the legu
me Cassia
and heart followed
a sim
ilar tren
d but
fistula
in hyp
erch
olesterolaem
ic
with mod
erate effect B
lood
liver
rats N
ahru
ng 199
135
(8)8
07ndash8
15
kidne
ys sp
leen
and
hea
rt total
cholesterol sign
ifican
tly decreased
The
lev
el of triglycerides w
as m
arke
dly
improve
d
Cassia fistula
Who
le seed pow
der of
Rat go
lden
Cassia fistula
was fou
nd to be
amoe
bicida
lSh
ukla SC
Das SR C
ure of
Cassia fistula
hamster and
cysticidal a
nd cur
ed exp
erim
ental
Amoe
biasis by seed
pow
der of
human
scaecal amoe
biasis he
patic am
oebiasis
Cassia fistula Int JC
rude Dru
g Res
and intestina
l am
oebiasis of hu
man
s19
8826(3)141
ndash144
Cedrus deodara
Extracts of Cedrus
Rab
bits
Extract w
as tried
aga
inst m
ixed
Sang
wan
AK et al Clin
ical efficacy
(Rox
b ex D Don
)deodaraan
d Pongamia
infestations
of Psoroptes cuniculi(ear
of a herba
l ge
l an
d ointm
ent
G D
onglabra Cha
rmil in the
cank
er) an
d Notoedres cati(m
ange
)(C
harm
il) aga
inst m
ange
in rabb
its
PIN
ACEA
Etw
in formulation
s of gel
in a colon
y of lab
oratory rabb
its Two
Indian Vet J 199
471
(9)9
25ndash9
27
Dev
adaru
and ointm
ent
applic
ations
1 w
eek ap
art cu
red the
Deo
dar
rabb
its completely
Cedrus deodara
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sh
arma RK Man
agem
ent of
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica
Patients with
cong
estive
cardiac failu
re w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic hea
rt disease card
iomyo
pathy
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
and cor pulm
onale were give
n po
wder
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash126
Cedrus deodara
of Inula racemosa
while patients with
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rheu
matic hea
rt disease w
ere give
nTerminalia chebula
Commiphora mukul After 2 w
eeks
Tinospora cordifolia
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Trichosantes lobata
completely 2
had
bradyc
ardia a
ndInula racemosa2 g 8
2 were refractory
hourly Commiphora
mukul1
2 g 8
hourly Urgenic indica
100 mg 8 hou
rly
Cedrus deodara
Him
acha
lol iden
tified
as
Cat
Intrag
astric administration of him
acha
lol
Kar K
et al Sp
asmolytic con
stituen
ts
the major antispa
smod
icor pap
averine (100
mg
kg) pr
oduced
of Cedrus deodara (R
oxb) Lo
ud
cons
tituen
t in the
woo
deq
ual inh
ibition of ind
uced
spasm of
pha
rmacolog
ical eva
luation of
of Cedrus deodara
the intestine lasting
abo
ut 2 ho
urs
himacha
lol J Pha
rm Sci 197
564
(2)
but the himacha
lol ha
d a faster
258ndash
262
onset of action
434
Cinnamomum
Aqu
eous
and
chloroform
Rats
Preg
nant fem
ale rats treated
with bo
thPe
llega
tti-Le
mon
ica I Borro-M
aced
o zeylanicum
Blume
extracts Cinnamomum
extracts presented
an increa
sed num
ber
AMR A
bortive an
dor embryo
-LAURACEAE
zeylanicum
70 m
gkg
of resorption
s A
non
sign
ifican
tfetotoxic effect of Cinnamomum
Twak
numbe
r of abn
ormalities were
zeylanicum
leaf extracts in
Cinna
mon
observed
in liv
e fetuses
pregn
ant rats F
itoterap
ia19
9465(5)431
ndash434
Cinnamomum
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants did not sho
w any
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K E
ffect of
zeylanicum
zeylanica Cum
inum
cholesterol decreasing effect w
hen
cumin cinn
amon
ging
er m
ustard
cyminum
Zingiber
includ
ed in the no
rmal and
and tam
arind in induc
ed hyp
er-
officinale
hype
rcho
lesterolem
ia-ind
ucing
diet at
cholesterolemic rats N
ahru
ng 199
1ab
out five
fold normal human
intak
e35
(1)4
7ndash51
leve
lCinnamomum
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
liver
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
zeylanicum
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
microsomal cytochrom
e P450-de
pend
ent
of spices and
spice princ
iples on
cyminum
Ferula
aryl hyd
roxy
lase Cum
inum
cyminum
he
patic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
foetida Tamarindus
Zingiber officinale
and Trigonella
system
in rats Ind
ian J Bioch
em
indica Trigonella
foenum
-graecum
also stimulated
the
lev
els
Bioph
ys 198926
(4)2
54ndash2
58
foenum
-graecum
of cytoc
hrom
e P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
Zingiber officinale
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Clitoria ternateaL
Alcoh
olic extract of
Rod
ents
No ab
stract ava
ilable
Kulkarni C
et al Effect of alcoh
olic
LEGUMIN
OSA
EClitoria ternatea
extract of Clitoria ternateaLinn on
Apa
rajita
central ne
rvou
s sy
stem
in rode
nts
Butterfly pea
Indian
J E
xp Biol 1
98826(12)957ndash960
Cocos nucifera
L
Hem
icellulose and
Rats
The
results indicate that hem
icellulose
Sind
hurani JA R
ajam
ohan
T Hyp
o-PALMAE
cellu
lose fiber from
rich
fiber from Cocos nucifera sho
wed
lip
idem
ic effect of hem
icellulose
Narikela
Cocos nucifera
a decrease co
ncen
tration of total
compon
ent of coc
onut fiber Indian
Cocon
ut plant
cholesterol LDL and
VLDL and
JExp
Biol 19
9836(8)786
ndash789
an
inc
rease in H
DL w
hile cellulose
rich
Cocos nucifera
fibe
r sh
owed
no
sign
ifican
t alteration
Cocos nucifera
Coc
onut ke
rnal
Animals
Coc
onut kerna
l thus reduc
ed the
Nalini N e
t al H
istopatho
logical
mutage
nic an
d carcino
genic effect of
and lipid cha
nges in ex
perim
ental
chili and
12-dim
ethy
lhyd
razine
co
lon canc
er effect of co
conu
t resp
ective
ly
kern
al (Cocos nucifera
Linn)
and (Capsicum annum
Linn) red
chili pow
der Ind
ian J Ex
p Biol
1997
35(9)964
ndash971
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
435
(continued)
Cocos nucifera
Coc
onut an
d cocon
ut oil
Clin
ical Trial
Con
sumption
of coco
nut or coc
onut
Kum
ar PD T
he role of coc
onut and
32
coron
ary
oil was fou
nd to be
sim
ilar in both
coco
nut oil in coron
ary he
art
heart
grou
ps The
group
s did not differ in
disease in Kerala sou
th Ind
ia
disea
sethe fat saturated fat and
cho
lesterol
Trop D
oct 19
9727(4)215
ndash217
pa
tien
ts and
cons
umption The
result im
ply no
16 m
atch
edsp
ecific role for coco
nut or coc
onut
healthy
oil in the
cau
sation
of co
rona
ry hea
rtco
ntrols
disease in this set of patients
Cocos nucifera
Diet cons
ists of tube
rs
Human
o-3 fatty acids an
d linoleic acid sho
wed
Lind
eberg S et al L
ipop
rotein
fruit c
ocon
ut fish
and
Trial 15
1poten
tially ben
eficial effect w
ith lip
o-
composition an
d serum
cho
leserol
vege
tables w
ith a
subs
istenc
ean
d apolipo-pr
oteins
Relations
of
ester fatty acids in non
western
ized
negligible influen
ce of
horticultur-
palmitic acid to seru
m lipids may
be
Melan
esians
Lipids 19
9631(2)
western foo
d and
alists 20
ndash86
explained
in term
s of end
ogen
ous fat
153ndash
158
alcoho
lye
ars
synthe
sis at a low
-fat intak
e rathe
r than
reflecting its relative
intak
eCocos nucifera
Source of m
onou
nsatur
ated
Rab
bits
The
se findings
do no
t su
pport the view
Nielsen
LB et al Rep
lacemen
t of
fatty acids oliv
e oil
that rep
lacemen
t of dietary saturated
dietary saturated fat w
ith mon
o-So
urce of saturated fatty
fat with olive oil ha
s a major impact on
uns
aturated fat effect on
acids butter Exp
t A lard
the dev
elop
men
t of atherosclerosis in
athe
roge
nesis in cho
lesterol-fed
Exp
t B c
ocon
ut oil Ex
pt C
ad
dition to tha
t acco
unted for by
rabb
its clam
ped at the same
and butter or lard
Exp
t D
chan
ges in plasm
a ch
olesterol leve
ls
plasm
a ch
olesterol leve
l Br J
Nutr 199
574
(4)5
09ndash5
21
Cocos nucifera
Low
-fat cho
w diet or
Rats
Whe
reas saturated fatty acids are
Isen
see H Jacob
R D
ifferential
one en
rich
ed w
ith 10
proarrh
ythm
ic d
iets enr
iche
d w
ith n-
effects of various oil diets on
hydroge
nated coc
onut
6 or n-3 polyu
nsatur
ated
fatty acids
the risk
of card
iac arrhythm
ias
oil co
rn oil linseed
oil
both exe
rt antiarrhy
thmic effects
in rats JCardiova
sc R
isk 19
94
or sardine oil
1(4)353
ndash359
Cocos nucifera
Hyd
roge
nated coc
onut
Rats
Com
pared w
ith rats fed
hyd
roge
nated
Bouzian
e M et al Cha
nges in fatty
oil an
d salm
on oil
coconu
t oil diets those fed salmon
oil
acid com
position
s of total serum
diets had
enh
anced LDL-H
DL1 an
dan
d lip
oprotein particles in
HDL2-3 bu
t lower V
LDL total
grow
ing rats given
protein-
apolipop
roteins
diets deficient w
ith either
hydroge
nated coc
onut or salmon
oils as fat sources B
r J Nutr 1994
71(3)3
75ndash3
87
Cocos nucifera
Cocos nucifera
pollen
Clin
ical Trial
The
clin
ical status of the
patients
Karmak
ar PR et al Placebo
-ex
tract im
mun
othe
rapy
96 patients
mea
sured by the symptom
-med
ication
controlle
d immuno
therap
y with
(CPE
-IT)
allergic to
scores dem
onstrated tha
t Cocos
Cocos nucifera
pollen ex
tract Int
Cocos nucifera
nucifera
polle
n-allergic patients ha
dArch Alle
rgy Im
muno
l 19
94103
(2)
polle
nsign
ifican
t (p
000
5) clin
ical
194ndash
201
improve
men
t after CPE-IT com
pared
to placebo
treatmen
tCocos nucifera
200 g co
nsumed
12 or
Rats
The
re w
ere no
differenc
es amon
gSa
tchithan
andam
S et al Coc
onut oil
24 sesam
e oil or
grou
ps in the distribution of
and sesame oil affect lym
pha
tic
coconu
t oil diets or a
cholesterol an
d oleic acid eithe
r in the
absorp
tion
of ch
olesterol an
d fatty
control diet (14
corn
lymph
lipop
roteins or in the lip
idacids in rats J N
utr 199
312
3(11
)oil) ad libitum for 4
classes
1852
ndash185
8weeks
436
Cocos nucifera
You
ng coc
onut water
Hum
an trial
You
ng coc
onut w
ater can
be us
ed w
ith
Adam
s W
Bratt D
E Y
oung
coc
onut
early refeed
ing as a hom
e gluco
se
water for hom
e rehy
dration
in
electrolyte oral reh
ydration
solution
ch
ildren with mild
gastroe
nteritis
in early stage
s of m
ild diarrhe
al
Trop G
eogr M
ed 199
244
(1ndash2
)disea
se It sho
uld not be used in
149ndash
153
patients with seve
re cho
lera or w
ith
thos
e who
are deh
ydrated and
or
in w
hom ren
al fun
ction is impaired
Cordia myxaL
Petroleum ether and
Rats
Results obtaine
d sho
wed
extracts ha
ve a
Ficarra R et al Lea
f extracts of some
BORAGIN
ACEAE
alco
hol extracts of
sign
ifican
t an
alge
sic antiin
flam
matory
Cordiasp
ecies ana
lgesic and
anti-
Sleshm
atak
aCordia francisci Cordia
and antiarthr
itic activity in the
rat
inflam
matory activities as well as
Sebe
sten
plum
myxaan
d Cordia
their ch
romatog
raph
ic ana
lysis
serratifolia
leav
esFa
rmaco 19
9550(4)245
ndash256
Coriandrum
Plants include
leav
es of
Mice
Treatmen
t with Agrimonia eupatoria
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Tradition
al
sativum
L
Agrimonia eupatoria
Medicago sativa Coriandrum sativum
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
UMBELLIFERAE
Alchemilla vulgaris
Eucalyptus globulus
and Juniperus
Studies in normal and
Dha
nyak
abu
lbs of Allium
sativum
communis
reduced the
lev
el of hy
per-
streptozo
tocin diabe
tic mice
Coriand
erChelidonium majus
glyc
emia during
dev
elop
men
t of
Diabe
tologia 19
9033(8)462
ndash464
Convallaria majalis
streptozo
tocin diabe
tes in m
ice This
seed
s of Coriandrum
was associated w
ith reduc
edsativum Eucalyptus
polyd
ipsia (excep
t Coriandrum
globulusroo
ts of
sativum) an
d a red
uced
rate of w
eigh
tGlycyrrhiza glabra
loss (ex
cept Agrimonia eupatoria)
dried
berries of
Juniperus communis
Medicago sativa Rubus
fraticosus
Crocus sativusL
Liposom
e en
caps
ulation
Mice
Saffron effectively en
hanc
edNair SC
et al Effect of saffron
on
IRID
ACEAE
of saffron
antitumor activity towards
Sarco
ma-
thym
ocyte proliferation intra-
Kum
kana
180 an
d Ehr
lich ascites carcinom
acellu
lar glutathion
e leve
ls and
its
Saffron
solid
tum
ors Significant inh
ibition in
anti-tum
or activity Biofactors 19
92
the grow
th of these tumors was
4(1)51ndash
54
observed
com
pared
with co
ntrols
Crocus sativus
Top
ical application of
Mice
Top
ical app
lication inhibited 2-stage
Salomi MJ et al Inhibitory effects
Crocus sativusan
dinitiation
prom
otion sk
inof Nigella sativaan
d saffron
Nigella sativaex
tracts
carcinog
enesis O
ral ad
ministration
(Crocus sativus) on ch
emical
Crocus sativa Oral dose
restricted
tum
or inc
iden
ce to 10
carcinog
enesis in mice N
utrition
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
437
(continued)
of 100
mg
kg w
eigh
t IP
compared
with 10
0 in 20
-Can
cer 19
9116(1)67ndash
72
dose Nigella sativaIP
methy
lcho
lanthr
ene (M
CA)-treated
100 mg
kg w
eigh
tco
ntrols Both Nigella sativaan
dCrocus sativusrestricted
tumor
inciden
ce to 33
3 and
10
resp
ective
ly c
ompared
with 10
0 in
MCA-treated
con
trols
Crocus sativus
Saffron ex
tracted w
ith
Mice
Oral ad
ministration of saffron
Nair SC
et al Antitum
or activity of
etha
nol (95
) an
dincrea
sed the
lifespa
n of sarco
ma-
saffron (Crocus sativus) Can
cer
purified
Dose of
180 Ehrlic
h ascites Carcino
ma an
dLett 19
91157(2)109
ndash114
20
0 mg
kg w
eigh
tDaltonrsquos lympho
ma ascites tumor
bearing mice to 111
83
5 a
nd11
25
respe
ctively
Cum
inum
Allium
cepa Allium
27 healthy
Tolbu
tamide Cucurbita ficifolia
Rom
an R
R e
t al Antihyp
erglyc
emic
cyminum
L
sativa Brassica
rabb
its
Phaseolus vulgaris Opuntia
effect of some ed
ible plants
UMBEL
LIFERAE
oleracea Cucurbita
streptacantha Spinacea oleracea
JEthno
pha
rm 199548
(1)2
5ndash32
Jeerak
aficifolia Cum
inum
Cucum
is sativusan
d Cum
inum
Cum
in seed
cyminum
Cucum
iscyminum
decreased significantly the
sativus Lactuca sativa
area und
er the
gluco
se toleran
ce curve
Opuntia streptacantha
and the
hyp
erglyc
emic pea
k Brassica
Phaseolus vulgaris
oleracea Allium
cepaan
d Allium
Psidum guajava
sativum
only decreased
the
Spinacea oleracea
hype
rglycemic pea
k The
glycemic
decreases cau
sed by Psidum guajava
Brassica oleracea
and Lactuca sativa
were no
t sign
ifican
tCum
inum
cyminum
Rats fed for 8 w
eeks
the
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K Srinivasan
K Influe
nce of
follo
wing plan
ts
principles w
ere ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or their active
Brassicasp
ecies
possible influen
ce on the digestive
principles on digestive
enz
ymes
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
uco
sa Dietary
of small intestinal m
uco
sa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcum
in caps
aicin piperine an
dInt J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash
59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprominen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
Trigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetidabrou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
phos
phatases and
sucrase The
positive
influen
ces of a goo
d num
ber
of spices on
terminal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
addition
al feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
438
Cum
inum
cyminum
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
dCum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
rats
sanctum
leav
es Papaver somnifera
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
seed
s sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian plan
t produc
ts Fo
od C
hem
asafoetida Ocimum
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to be
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
sanctum Moringa
valuab
le anticarcino
gens
oleifera Papaver
somniferaPiper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants did not sho
w any
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Effect of
zeylanica Cum
inum
cholesterol decreasing effect w
hen
cumin c
inna
mon
ginge
r m
ustard
cyminum
Zingiber
included
in the no
rmal and
and tam
arind in induced hyp
er-
officinale
hyperch
olesterolemia-ind
ucing diet at
cholesterolemic rats N
ahru
ng 199
1ab
out five
fold normal human
intak
e35
(1)4
7ndash51
leve
lCum
inum
cyminum
Two capsu
les of 450 m
g20
case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a
each
Coccinia indica
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mean
composite he
rbal dru
g in the
Cum
inum
cyminum
mellitus
bloo
d suga
r va
lues
trea
tmen
t of D
iabe
tes mellitus
Eugenia jambolana Gymnema
(Mad
humeh
a) A
ryav
aidya
n sylvestre Momordica
1991
5(1)3
6ndash46
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Cum
inum
cyminum
Cumin seeds
Swiss mice
Cum
in seeds increa
sed the
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
glutathion
e-S-tran
sferase activity by
Plan
t products as protective ag
ents
more than
78
in stom
ach liver and
agains
t canc
er Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
esop
hagu
s high en
ough
to be
1990
28(11
)100
8ndash10
11
cons
idered
protective ag
ents aga
inst
carcinog
enesis Glutathione
lev
els
were also significantly inc
reased
in
the three tissue
s
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
439
(continued)
Cum
inum
cyminum
Spice pr
inciples c
apsaicin
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Influen
ce
curcumin p
iperine
liver m
icrosomal cytochr
ome P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
Plan
ts Brassica
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepa
tic mixed
fun
ction ox
ygen
ase
Cinnamomum
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
Cum
inum
cyminum
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 1989
26(4)254
ndash258
Ferula foetida Tamarindus
graecum
also stimulated the
lev
els of
indica Trigonella
cytoch
rome P450 an
d b5 Cum
inum
foenum
-graecum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
Zingiber officinale
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Cum
inum
cyminum
Petroleum ether
Female
The
alcoh
olic extract of Cum
inum
Garg SK
Antifertility screen
ing of
alcoho
l an
d aqu
eous
albino
rats
cyminum
seed
s sh
owed
100
plantsmdash
Effect of fou
r indigen
ous
extracts of cu
min seeds
antifertility effect at a dose of 150
plants of early pregn
ancy
in female
mg
kg
albino
rats Ind
ian JM
ed R
es
1976
64(8)113
3ndash11
35
Cum
inum
cyminum
Cum
inum
cyminum
and
Matur
eCum
inum
cyminum
has a proliferative
Agraw
alaa
IP e
t al Galactogo
gue
Nigella sativapo
wders
female
action
on the brea
st tissu
e bu
t no
action
of Cum
inum
cyminum
and
albino
rats
galactog
ogue
(increa
se in milk
yield
Nigella sativa Ind
JMed
Res 196
8of lactating
mothe
r) action
56(8)8
41ndash8
44
Curcuma longaL
Hyd
roch
loric acid
Human
trial
A significant decrease in the
lev
els of
Ram
irez
-Bos
ca A
et al Antioxidan
t ZIN
GIBERACEAE
extracts of Curcuma
health
serum lipid perox
ides w
as
curcum
a ex
tracts decrease the
Haridra
longa Equ
ivalen
t daily
human
sdem
onstrated
bloo
d lipid perox
ide leve
ls of
Turm
eric
dose of 20 mg cu
rcumin
human
subjects A
ge 199
518
(4)
167ndash
169
Curcuma longa
Rats fed for 8 weeks the
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
follo
wing plan
ts
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or their active
Brassica sp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
ucosa D
ietary
of small intestinal m
uco
sa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcum
in capsaicin p
iperine an
dInt J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash
59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprominen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
Trigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetida
brou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
pho
spha
tases an
d sucrase The
positive influen
ces of a goo
d numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
440
Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa15 g
day
Clin
ical trial
Curcuma longasign
ifican
tly redu
ced
Kalpa
gam P et al Effect of turm
eric
for 30
day
ssm
okers
urina
ry excretion
of mutage
ns in
on urina
ry m
utage
ns in sm
okers
nons
mok
ers
smok
ers In no
n-sm
okers there was
Mutag
enesis 199
27(2)107
ndash109
as con
trols
no cha
nge
Curcuma longa
Ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Tox
icities studies were don
e N
oQuresh
i S et al Tox
icity stud
ies on
rhizom
es of Alpinia
sign
ifican
t mortality co
mpared
to
Alpinia galanga
and Curcuma longa
galangaan
d Curcuma
controls w
as noted
The
gain in
Planta Med
199
258
(2)1
24ndash1
27
longa
Acu
te dos
ages
weigh
ts of sexu
al organ
s an
d05 10 an
d 3 gkg
bod
yincrea
sed spe
rm m
otility and
spe
rmweigh
t Chron
ic dosag
ecounts were ob
served
in bo
th group
s10
0 mg
kg per day
The
se cha
nges w
ere high
ly significant
in the
Alpinia galanga-treated
group
Both ex
tracts failed to sh
ow any
spermatotox
ic effects
Curcuma longa
Azadirachta indicaan
dPilo
t stud
yIn 97
of the scab
ies cases a cur
eCha
rles V
Cha
rles SX T
he use and
Curcuma longapa
ste
814 patients
was obtaine
d w
ithin 3ndash
15 day
s of
efficacy
of Azadirachta indicaADR
with scab
ies
trea
tmen
t(lsquoNeemrsquo) and
Curcuma longa
(lsquoTurm
ericrsquo) in scab
ies A
pilo
tstudy Trop Geo
gr M
ed 199
244
17
8ndash18
1Curcuma longa
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
d rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Siva
ramak
rish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
sanctum
leav
es Papaver somnifera
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
seed
s sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian plant products Foo
d C
hem
asafoetida O
cimum
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to be
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
sanctum M
oringa
valuab
le anticarcino
gens
oleifera Papaver
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Curcuma longa
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Osteo
arthritis patients were rand
omly
Kulkarni R
R e
t al Treatmen
t of
450 mg Boswellia
placeb
o-allocated to receive the placebo
or the
osteoa
rthr
itis w
ith a he
rbal
serrataOleo gu
m resin
controlle
dhe
rbom
ineral formulation
Aform
ulation
a dou
ble-blind
100 mg Curcuma longa
trial 42
sign
ifican
t drop was noted
in the
placebo
-con
trolled c
ross-ove
r rhizom
e 50
mg and
pa
tien
tsseve
rity of pain (p
000
1) and
study JEthno
pha
rm 199
133
(1ndash2
)zinc
com
plex 50 mg
disab
ility sco
re (p
005
)91
ndash95
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
441
(continued)
Curcuma longa
Spice pr
inciples
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Influen
ce
capsaicin cu
rcum
in
liver m
icrosomal cytochr
ome P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
piperine Plants
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepa
tic mixed
fun
ction ox
ygen
ase
Brassica Cinnamomum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian J Bioch
em
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 1989
26(4)254
ndash258
cyminum
Ferula
graecum
also stimulatd the
lev
els of
foetida Tamarindus
cytoch
rome P450 an
d b5 Cum
inum
indica Trigonella
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
foenum
-graecum
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Zingiber officinale
Curcuma longa
50 extract of Curcuma
Rats
The
extracts increased H
DL-total
Dixit V
P e
t al Hyp
olipidaemic
longaan
d Nardostachys
cholesterol ratio an
d also caus
ed a
effects of Curcuma LongaL and
jatamansi
(who
le plant)
sign
ifican
t decrease in the
ratio of
Nardostachys jatamansi D
C in
total ch
olesterolpho
spho
lipid
triton
-ind
uced
hyp
erlip
idae
mic
Curcuma longaex
hibited better
rats Ind
ian JP
hysiol Pha
rmacol
cholesterol an
d triglyc
eride
1988
32(4)299
ndash304
decreasing activity tha
n Nardostachys
jatamansi
Curcuma longa
Ethan
olic extract
Human
trial
A decrease in smell (90
) an
d in
Kuttan R e
t al T
urm
eric and
Curcuma longaan
d an
62 patients
itch
ing in alm
ost all cases was noted
cu
rcumin as topical ag
ents in canc
er
ointmen
t of curcumin
with
Dry lesions
were ob
served
in 70
therap
y Tumori 19
877329
ndash31
extern
alan
d 10
had
a decrease in lesion size
canc
erou
san
d pain
lesion
sCurcuma longa
1-phe
nyl-1-hy
drox
y-N-
Human
and
Both plasm
a an
d secretin co
ncen
tration
Che
w W
Y e
t al Effect of
pentan
e a syn
thetic
anim
al trial
and pan
crea
tic bicarbon
ate ou
tput
1-phe
nylpen
tano
l on
release of
derivative of Curcuma
Fasting dog
sincrea
sed significantly S
ugg
ests usage
secretin and
exo
crine pa
ncreatic
longa
and human
sfor su
bjects w
ith achlorhy
dria sev
ere
secretion in dog
s an
d human
shy
posecretory state or total
Gastroe
nterolog
y 19
8384(6)
gastrectom
y15
78ndash1
584
Curcuma zedoaria
Seve
n isolated
com
pou
nds
Mice
Extracts significantly inh
ibited
stress
Watan
abe K et al Antiulcer activity
(Christm
) Rosco
efrom
8 Curcuma zedoaria
ulcer formation in restraine
d and
of extracts an
d isolated com
pou
nds
ZIN
GIBERACEAE
extracts Oral an
dwater-immersed m
ice Sugg
ests a
from
zed
oary (ga
jutsu) cu
ltivated
Sh
ati
subc
utane
ous
poten
t inhibition
of acute
in Y
akush
ima (Jap
an) Yak
uga
ku
Rou
nd zed
oary
administration
experim
ental ga
stric ulcers
Zassh
i 19
86106
(12)113
7ndash11
42
Curcuma zedoaria
Pow
der from dried
Mice rats
Powder significantly inh
ibited
the
Hatsu
yo M
et al Pha
rmacolog
ical
subterrane
an stem
intestinal trans
it of ch
arco
al in mice
effects of the
pow
der from
Curcuma zedoariaOral
and significantly inc
reased
the
bile
Curcuma zedoaria R
osco
e on
the
ad
ministration of the
secretion in rats an
d slig
htly inh
ibited
gastro-intestina
l tract of exp
eri-
powder
the stom
ach secretion in rats
men
tal an
imals Y
akuga
ku Z
assh
i 19
84104
(6)6
40ndash6
43
Curcuma zedoaria
Flou
r prep
ared
from
Rats chick
sThe
high-protein flour prove
d highly
Latif MA e
t al T
oxicity of sho
ti
rhizom
es of Curcuma
toxic to 5-w
eek-old rats an
d cau
sed
(Ind
ian arrowroot Curcuma
zedoaria
100
mortality within 6 day
s whe
nzedoaria) for rats and
chick
s
442
give
n 32
0 g
kg diet
Br JN
utr 197
941
(1)5
7ndash63
Cyperus rotundus L
Xiao W
ei Y
an Pow
der
Ran
dom
ized
After 2ndash4
mon
ths ad
ministration total
Liu X
R et al Treatmen
t of intestina
l CYPER
ACEAE
Mixture of seve
ral he
rbs
controlle
deffective rate of intestinal m
etap
lasia
metap
lasia an
d atypical hyp
erplasia
Mus
taka
including Bletilla
trial 13
8an
d atypical hy
perplasia was 913
of gastric m
ucosa with xiao
wei
Nutgrass
striata Caesalpinia
with
and 9216 r
espe
ctively The
yan po
wder [Chine
se] Chu
ng-K
uosappan Cyperus
intestinal
placebo
groups were 21
3 and
Chu
ng H
si i C
hieh
Ho Tsa C
hih
rotundus Glycyrrhiza
metap
lasia
1446
resp
ective
ly Animal
1992
12(10
)580
60
2ndash60
3oralensis Hedyotis
104 with
expe
rimen
ts rev
ealed no toxic side
diffusae Paeonia alba
atyp
ical
effect
Smilax glabrae
hype
rplasia
Taraxacum
mongolicum
Oral dose 5ndash
6 g tid
Cyperus rotundus
b-sitosterol IP
dos
e 160
Rats m
ice
b-sitosterol was fou
nd to possess
Gupta MB e
t al Anti-inflam
matory
and 320
mg
kgpoten
t an
ti-inflammatory activity
and antipyretic activities of
oral dose 32
0 mg
kg
simila
r to hyd
roco
rtison
e an
db-sitosterol JM
ed Plant R
es
Carrage
enan
-ind
uced
oxyp
hen-bu
tazo
ne b
-sitosterol was
1980
3915
7ndash16
3ed
ema cotton pe
llet
also orally
effective
aga
inst ind
uced
implan
t an
d Brewerrsquos
edem
a an
d po
ssessed antipyretic
yeast induced pyrex
ia in
activity sim
ilar to acetyl-salic
yclic
rats
acid
Datura metel
L
Datura seed extract
Albino rats
Treatmen
t caused an increase in activity
Hasan
SS K
ush
wah
a AKS C
hron
ic
SOLANACEAE
12 mg
kg IP
of brain lipid perox
idase an
d catalase
effect of Datura seed extract on the
Dha
ttura
Datur
a caused a decrease in the
activity
brain of albino rats Jap
an J
Tho
rnap
ple
of f-dipho
spha
te aldolase an
d g-6-
Pha
rmacol 198
744
1ndash6
pho
spha
te deh
ydroge
nase enz
yme that
are related w
ith gluc
ose metab
olism
Daucus carota
L
Petroleum ether extract
Mice
The
extract arrested the
normal estru
sMajum
der PK et al Anti-steroidal
UMBELLIFERAE
and fraction 5 (fatty
cycle an
d cau
sed a significant
activity of the petroleum ether
Garija
raacids) of carrot seeds
decrease in the
weigh
t of ova
ries
extract an
d fraction 5 (fatty acids)
Carrot
Cho
lesterol and
ascorbic acid con
tent
of carrot (Daucus carota
L) seed
s in ova
ries w
ere sign
ifican
tly increa
sed
in m
ouse ova
ry JE
thno
pharm
due to the
treatmen
t with ex
tract an
d19
9757(3)209
ndash212
fraction
5 (fatty acids) of carrot seeds
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
443
(continued)
Daucus carota
Carrot co
nsum
ption
Hos
pital-
Dietary intak
e an
d m
esothe
lioma
Muscat JE H
unc
harek M Dietary
based case-
inciden
ce w
as studied The
results
intake
and
the
risk of m
aligna
nt
controlle
dsu
pport the hy
pothe
sis that pro-
mesothe
lioma Br J Can
cer 19
96
trial 94
with
vitamin A
or
b-caroten
e-co
ntaining
73(9)1
122ndash
1125
maligna
ntfruits an
d veg
etab
les may
decrease
mesothe
lioma
mesothe
lioma
and 64
controls
Daucus carota
Carrot ex
tract
Mice
Pretreatmen
t with carrot extract on
Bish
ayee A
et al Hep
atop
rotective
carbon
tetrach
loride-induc
ed acu
teactivity of carrot (Daucus carota
L)
liver dam
aged
mice decreased
agains
t carbon
tetrach
loride
increa
sed serum enz
ymes lev
els
intoxication
in mou
se liver J
sign
ifican
tly
Ethno
pha
rm 199
547
(2)6
9ndash74
Daucus carota
Vitam
in-free drink
for 3
Human
trial
Vitam
in-rich food
supplem
ents
Abb
ey M
et al Dietary
weeks
the
n vitamin-rich
15 normo-
sign
ifican
tly increa
sed plasm
a leve
lssu
pplemen
tation
with oran
ge and
drink
of oran
ge ju
ice
lipidem
icof beta carotene
Malon
dialdeh
yde
carrot ju
ice in cigarette smok
ers
(145
mg vitamin C
) an
dciga
rette
one en
d product of ox
idation w
aslowers ox
idation products in
carrot ju
ice (16 mg
b-
smok
ers
sign
ifican
tly lower in co
pper-oxidized
coppe
r-ox
idized
low
-den
sity
carotene
)with no
LDL after vitam
in supp
lemen
tation
lip
oproteins JAm D
iet Assoc
vitamin
1995
95(6)671
ndash675
su
pplem
ents
Daucus carota
Carrot co
nsum
ption
Case-co
ntrol
Risk of vulva
r canc
er w
as inv
ersely
Parazz
ini F et al Se
lected
foo
d
trial
related to green ve
getables and
carrot
intake
and
risk of vulvar can
cer
cons
umption D
ata indicated
the
risk
Can
cer 19
95176(11
)229
1ndash22
96
of vulvar can
cer was related
to a
numbe
r of nutritiona
l an
d dietary
factors
Daucus carota
Water green pep
per
Con
trolled
After con
sumption of a diet low in
Helser MA e
t al Influen
ce of fruit an
dpine
apple tom
ato
clinical trial
nitrate an
d ascorbic acid (18
day
s)
vege
table juices on the en
dog
enou
sstrawbe
rry carrot an
d16
men
Carrot sign
ifican
tly inhibited N
-form
ation of N
-nitrosoprolin
ecelery ju
ices 4
6nitrosop
rolin
e form
ation relative
to
and N-nitroso
thiazo
lidine-4-
mg pe
r 10
0 mL in ascorbic
controls Results dem
onstrated that
carbox
ylic acid in hu
man
s on
acid by ad
dition of
carrot ju
ice ha
s ab
ility to inhibit
controlle
d diets Carcino
gene
sis
distille
d w
ater or
endog
enou
s nitrosation than
wou
ld be
1992
13(12
)227
7ndash22
80
ascorbate
expected based
solely on
ascorba
teco
nten
tDaucus carota
Carrots and
Raphanus
Human
trial
Con
sumption
of plant products
Sivu
k AK Effect of plant produc
ts of
sativustops
75 g
d for
(rad
ish an
d carrot tops
) for as lon
g as
nutrition (rad
ish an
d carrot tops
) as lon
g as 28 day
s28
day
s did not produce any
adve
rse
on various
ind
icators of
chan
ges in protein fat an
dmetab
olism in hu
man
s [R
ussian
] carboh
ydrate m
etab
olic param
eters
Kos
m Biol Aviak
osm M
ed 198
9ex
amined
23
(2)5
6ndash59
444
Daucus carota
Twelve
plants used for
Mice
Of the 12
plants Agaricus bisporus
and Ilex
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Glycemic
the trad
itiona
l treatm
ent
guayusash
owed
poten
tial antidiabe
tic
effects of traditiona
l Eur
opea
n of diabe
tes ad
ministered
effect
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
as decoction
s or
Studies in normal and
infusion
s for 28 day
sstreptozo
tocin diabe
tic mice
Agaricus bisporus
Diabe
tes Res 198
910
(2)6
9ndash73
Anacardium
occidentale Arctum
lappa Catharanthus
roseus D
aucus carota
Hum
ulus lupulus Ilex
guayusa Salvia
officinale Sambucus
nigra Taraxacum
officinale Trigonella
foenum
-graecum
Urtica
dioica
Dolichos biflorus L
Lectins
Arachis
Con
trolled
Dolichos biflorus Glycine max
Maz
umdar S e
t al Bind
ing pa
ttern
LEGUMIN
OSA
Ehypogaea Dolichos
human
trial
Lotus tetragonolobus Ricinus
of eight different lectins
in he
althy
Kulitha
biflorus Glycine max
11 w
ith
communis Ulex europaeussh
owed
subjects and
patients with
Horse gram
Lotus tetragonolobus
norm
al oral
very stron
g to stron
g bind
ing in
dys
plastic an
d m
aligna
nt lesions
of
Ricinus communis Ulex
muco
sa
healthy oral m
ucosa bu
t no
or ve
rythe oral cav
ity Int J O
ral
europaeus
conc
anav
alin
5 with
wea
k bind
ing in squ
amou
s cell
Max
illofacial Su
rg 199
322
(5)
A w
heat germ
leuk
oplakia
carcinom
a O
ther lectins
inv
estiga
ted
301ndash
305
with
may
be us
ed as probe
s to determine
dysplasia
the dys
plastic and
maligna
nt status of
12 w
ith oral
the oral m
ucosal ep
ithe
lium
muco
sal
squa
mou
scell
carcinom
aDolichos biflorus
Varying
extracts of
Female
All the plan
ts sho
wed
marke
d but
Prak
ash AO e
t al Anti-
Acrostichum
aureum
albino
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
implantation activity of some
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implantation activity
indigen
ous plants in rats A
cta
Citrulus colocynthus
Eur Fe
rtil 19
8516(6)441
ndash448
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
445
(continued)
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipiticus Ruta
graveolens
Eclipta alba(L)
Eclipta alba Ocimum
sanctum
Hyp
erglyc
emic
The
herba
l form
ulation ha
d little
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
Hassk
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rats
effect on bloo
d suga
r co
ncen
trations
Trasina
an
Ayu
rved
ic herba
l COMPO
SITAE
Tinospora cordifolia
but doses ind
uced
a dose-related
form
ulation
on pan
crea
tic islet
Bhr
inga
raj
Withania somnifera
decrease in strep
tozo
tocin (STZ)
supe
roxide dismutase activity in
Bhr
inga
raj
Doses 100 200
mg
kg
hype
rglycemia and
atten
uation
of
hype
rglycemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
PO 1
3 per day
for
SZT ind
uced
a decrease in islet
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
28 day
ssu
peroxide dismutase activity in
euglyc
emic rats
Eclipta alba
Ethan
olwater (1
1)Rats
Eclipta albasign
ifican
tly co
unteracted
Saxena
AK e
t al H
epatop
rotective
extract of Eclipta alba
induc
ed inh
ibition of the
hep
atic
effects of Eclipta albaon
sub
cellu
lar
microsomal dru
g metab
olizing en
zyme
leve
ls in rats J
Ethno
pha
rmam
idop
yrine N-dem
ethy
lase and
19
9340(3)155
ndash161
mem
bran
e bo
und G
-6-pho
spha
tase
Eclipta alba
1 caps
ule 3
3pe
r day
30 patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
composite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs o
n containing
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus
50 m
gur
eters or
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata10
0 mg
blad
ders
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
Eclipta alba100 mg
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
Myristica fragrans 10 mg
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
Tinospora cordifolia
100 mg
grea
ter than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
Tribulus terrestris
50 m
g
Withania somnifera
50 m
gEclipta alba
Eclipta albaair dried
and
Rats
Eclipta albawas fou
nd to co
unteract
Cha
ndra T et al Effect of Eclipta alba
powdered
Oral dose
an inc
rease of liver w
eigh
t he
patic
on inflammation an
d liv
er injury
of pow
der of 50
0 1000
lipid perox
idation liver g-glutamyl
Fitoterapia 198
7LVIII(1)23ndash
32
and 150
0 mg
kg per day
tran
spep
tidase serum alanine
tran
sferase activities an
d serum
alan
ine pho
spha
tase Impaired
seru
m A
G ratio in induced C
CL4
hepatic intox
ication was normalized
by treatmen
t Eclipta albash
owed
anti-inflammatory activity
446
Elephantopus
Water extracts derived
Rats with
After treatmen
t with crude ex
tract
Lin C
C e
t al The
eva
luation of
scaber
L
from
the
entire plan
ts of
induc
edresu
lts indicated
tha
t the seru
mhe
patop
rotective effects of Taiwan
COMPOSITAE
Elephantopus scaber
acute
glutamate-ox
alate-tran
saminase leve
lsfolk m
edicine lsquoTen
g-Kha
i-Ursquo
Gojihiva
Elephantopus mollis
hepa
tic
caus
ed b-D-galactosamine an
dJ Ethno
pha
rm 199
545
(2)1
13ndash1
23
Prick
ly lea
ves
and Pseudoelephantopus
dam
age
acetom
inop
hen to d
ecrease
spicatus
sign
ifican
tly
Elephantopus
Decoction
of dried
Male W
istar
The
acu
te inc
rease of serum
Lin C
C e
t al The
pha
rmacolog
ical
scaber
Elephantopus scaber
albino
rats
tran
saminase can be
significantly
and patho
logical studies on
su
bspe
cies
with CCL4
reduced w
hen trea
ting
with
Taiwan
folk med
icine (V
I)
oblanceolata
induc
edElephantopus scaber H
epatic fatty
The
effects of Elephantopus scaber
Elephantopus mollis
and
hepa
totoxicity
metam
orph
osis and
necrosis of cen
tral
subsp oblanceolata E mollis
and
Pseudoelephantopus
lobu
le w
ere im
prove
d by treatm
ent
Pseudo-elephantopus spicatus
Am J
spicatus
Chine
se M
ed 199
1XIX
(1)4
1ndash50
Elephantopus
Aqu
eous an
dMice rats
Both ex
tracts ind
uced
writhing loss
Poli A e
t al Prelim
inary pha
rmaco-
scaber
hydroalco
holic
extracts
of m
uscle ton
e ataxia prostration
and
logic ev
aluation of cru
de who
le
of w
hole plant of
dea
th B
oth reduc
ed brewerrsquos yeast-
plant extracts of Elephantopus scaber
Elephantopus scaber
induc
ed hyp
erthem
ia but w
hen give
nPa
rt I in vivo
studies J Ethno
pharm
Dose 03ndash6 gkg
IP
orally did not affect it Aqu
eous
1992
3771
ndash76
extract reduced intestina
l tran
sit time
while the
hyd
roalco
holic
extract
increa
sed it Given
IV b
lood
pressure
and heart rate were reduced
Elephantopus
Elephantopus scaber
Con
trolled
To ev
aluate the po
tential diuretic
Laran
ja SM e
t al E
valuation of acu
te
scaber
75 g pe
r 10
0 mL and
A
human
effect of tw
o na
tural su
bstanc
es 1
0ad
ministration of natur
al produc
ts
speciosa
08 g per 100
mL
trial
volunteers and
the
effects w
ere
with po
tential diuretic effects in
10 hea
lthy
compared
to thos
e of a placebo
No
human
s M
emorias do Instituto
volunteers
effect on electrolytes or rena
l func
tion
Osw
aldo
Cruz 19
9186(Su
ppl 2)
and con
trols
param
eter w
as observe
d for
237ndash
240
Elephantopus scaber
Elettaria
Oil ex
tracted from
Male albino
Com
parative
study of seed ex
tract an
dal-Z
uhair H et al Pha
rmacolog
ical
cardamomum
(L)
Elettaria cardamomum
rats m
ice
indom
etha
cin ag
ains
t acute ind
uced
studies of cardam
om oil in animals
Maton
seed
s D
oses of 17
5 an
dplanter edem
a prove
d to be
marke
d
Pha
rmacol R
es 199
634
(1ndash2
)79ndash
82
ZIN
GIBERACEAE
280 mLkg
and
Extract produced 50
protection
Elach
hoti
indo
metha
cin 30
mg
kgag
ains
t the writhing induced by IP
Cardam
omad
ministration of a 002
solution
of
p-ben
zoqu
inon
e
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
447
(continued)
Elettaria
Cardam
om seeds
Mice
Each
extract w
as exa
mined
for
Oku
yama T e
t al Stud
ies on
can
cer
cardamomum
extracted with n-he
xane
an
titumor-promoting activity
bioc
hemop
reve
ntion of natur
al
ethy
l acetate an
dCardam
om seed w
as a highly po
tent
resources X 1
inhibitory effect
metha
nol
inhibitor of ind
uced m
ouse ear
of spices on TPA-enh
anced
edem
a3H
-cho
line inco
rporation in
pho
spho
lipids of C
3H10
T1
2cells
and
on TPA-ind
uced mou
seea
r ed
ema C
hine
se Pha
rmaceu
t J
1995
47(5)421
ndash430
Elettaria
Dried
pow
der m
ixture
Con
trolled human
All three cytoge
nic en
dpo
ints
Dav
e BJ C
ytog
enic studies rev
eal
cardamomum
containing
Areca
trial pa
n-dem
onstrated a statistically significant
increa
sed gen
omic dam
age am
ong
catechunu
t catech
uco
nsum
ing
increa
se amon
g the lsquopan
masalarsquo
lsquopan
masalarsquo con
sumers
lime Elettaria
and hea
lthy
cons
umers as com
pared
with the no
n-Mutage
nesis 19
916(2)1
59ndash1
63
cardamomum
and
nonc
onsu
ming
cons
uming co
ntrols
flav
oring ag
ents used in
controls
prep
aration of lsquopa
nrsquoEmbelia ribes
Embelia ribes Glycyrrhiza
Sing
le-blin
dEa
ch thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
Bru
m f
glabra Holarrhena
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plic
ations
of he
rbal formulation
s MYRSINACEAE
antidysenterica
compa
rative
mixtures Successful treatm
ents in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Vidan
gaNardostachys jatamansi
stud
y 49
grou
ps A
and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative
study
Vidan
gaPhyllanthus emblica
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
J Med
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Santalum
album
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Terminalia bellirica
adults with
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s T
heTerminalia chebula
mild
to
mecha
nism
s of action remain
Zingiber officinale
mod
erate
unk
nown
facial acn
eEmbelia ribes
Embe
lin (isolated
from
Male albino
rats
Whe
n em
belin
was administered to
Chitra M et al Protective action
of
dried
berries of Embelia
rats s
ignificant tum
or reg
ression an
dem
belin
aga
inst lipid perox
idation
ribes) 50 mg an
dprolong
ed sur
viva
l time was rev
ealed
on tum
our be
aring rats F
itoterap
ia
100 mg
kg per day
1994
65(4)317
ndash321
orally for 20 day
sEmbelia ribes
Cru
de pow
der m
ixture
75 patients
The
cure rate in group A
was 80
Sa
rma BP O
jha D T
he m
anag
emen
t of equ
al parts of
with va
riou
sgrou
p B treated
with meb
endaz
ole
of G
andupa
da krim
i (Ascaris
Ailanthus excelsa Butea
worm
was 92
an
d group C w
as 76
lumbricoides) w
ith indigen
ous dr
ugs
monosperma Embelia
infestations
Cur
e rate sho
wed
neg
ative Ascaris
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
70ndash1
72
ribes Erythrina indica
lumbricoidesov
a in the
stool rep
ort
Mallotus philippensis
for 3 co
nsecutive
day
sOrxylum
indicum
Embelia ribes
Oral ad
ministration of
Adult m
ale rats
Embe
lin administration caused a
Gupta S et al Effects of em
belin
a
embe
lin 75 mg
kg daily
sign
ifican
t increase in the uptak
e of
male an
tifertility age
nt o
n for 15
and
30 day
sD-gluco
se L
-alanine
L-leu
cine
and
absorp
tive
and
digestive
fun
ctions
calcium in sm
all intestine segm
ents
of rat intestine
JEthno
pha
rmThe
autho
rs sugg
ested tha
t em
belin
1991
3320
3ndash21
2works at the metab
olic lev
el on the
grow
th of intestines and
possibly the
numbe
r an
d divisions
of ep
ithe
lial
cells
448
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin administered
Male albino
rats
After administration significant
Gupta S et al R
eversible ch
ange
s in
subc
utan
eous
ly 20 mg
kg
impairm
ent in lipid m
etab
olism in
lipid m
etab
olism in testis and
or by ga
stric ga
vage
of
testis liv
er b
rain kidne
ys and
othe
r tissue
s induc
ed by em
belin
75
mg
kg for 15 or
chan
ges in liver func
tion
test
Fitope
rapia 19
90LXI(4)297ndash3
05
30 day
sparam
eters was noted
The
se results
may
exp
lain the
antifertility
anti-
spermatog
enic effects in an
imals
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin administered
Male albino
rats
Embe
lin rev
eals significant impairm
ent
Gupta S et al Inh
ibition of
subc
utan
eous
ly 20 mg
kg
in carbo
hydrate m
etab
olism in the
reproduc
tive
tissu
e carboh
ydrate
body weigh
t for 15 and
primary an
d secon
dary repr
oductive
metab
olism and
rev
ersibility of
30 day
stissues
the effects of embe
lin a
plant
benz
oquinon
e of antifertility
poten
tial F
itoterap
ia 199
0LXI(2)
133ndash
143
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin 20 mg
kg bod
yMale rats
Embe
lin cau
sed an increa
se in the up
take
Gupta S et al C
hang
es in gluc
ose
weigh
t pe
r day
daily for
of D-gluco
se L
-alanine
L-leu
cine
and
am
ino acidc
alcium uptak
e an
d
15 and
30 day
scalcium in the sm
all intestine
brus
h-bo
rder m
embran
e-associated
segm
ents T
reatmen
t also cau
sed a
enzy
mes in rat sm
all intestine after
sign
ifican
t increase in the microso
mal
the ad
ministration of embe
lin
g-6-ph
ospha
tase and
the
cytosolic
(plant ben
zoqu
inon
e) a
nd
enzy
me lactate deh
ydroge
nase
antifertility age
nt J
Nutr Sci
Vitam
inol 199
036
153
ndash164
Embelia ribes
Embelia ribes
dry be
rry
Rats m
ice
Lack of any
adve
rse effects high
Atal CK e
t al Non
-narco
tic orally
powder and
extracted
therap
eutic index
and
absen
ce of the
effective cen
trally acting an
alge
sic
with n-he
xane
ab
stinen
ce syn
drome confers a long
-from
an Ayu
rved
ic dru
g J
Potassium embe
late 200
term
safety on
potassium
embe
late for
Ethno
pha
rm 198
411
309
ndash317
mg pe
r 10
mLkg
and
400
use as an
ana
lgesic com
pared
to
mg pe
r 10
mLkg
morph
ine
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin administered at
Rats
Imped
ed ability to impregn
ant was
Prak
ash AO A
ntifertility
50 and
100
mg
kgdem
onstrated Embe
lin provo
ked anti-
inve
stigations
on em
belin
an oral
implantation activity w
hen
contraceptive of plant origin Part
administered and
also reduc
edI-Biological prope
rties Planta
sign
ifican
tly the nu
mbe
r of
Med
JMed
Plant R
esim
plantations
(p
001
)19
814125
9ndash26
6
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
449
(continued)
Emblica officinalis
Emblica officinalis
fresh
Atherog
enic
Seru
m cho
lesterol triglyc
erides
Mathu
r R et al Hyp
olipidaemic
Gaertn
juice 5 mLk
g bo
dy
rabb
its
pho
spho
lipid and
LDL lev
els were
effect of fruit ju
ice of Emblica
EUPHORBIA
CEAE
weigh
t for 60
day
sreduc
ed by 82
6
6 77
a
nd 90
officinalis
in cho
lesterol-fed
rab
bits
Amla
resp
ective
ly T
he tissu
e lip
id lev
els
J Ethno
pharm 199650
61ndash
68
Emblic m
yrob
ala
show
ed a significant decrease
follo
wing Emblica officinalis
juice
administration A
ortic plaqu
es w
ere
regressed
Emblica officinalis
A m
ixture of Andrographis
Human
trial
Herba
l mixture w
as administered to
Ram
ji et al E
ffect of K
almeg
ha and
paniculata
and Emblica
35 patients
patients with Hep
atitis B
1 B
2 a
ndAmlaki com
pou
nd on viral he
ptitis
officinalis
hepatitis
post he
patitis syn
drome The
mixture
(Koshtha
-Sha
khashrita Kam
ala)
B1
dem
onstrated efficacy in red
ucing
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
64ndash1
69
hepatitis B
2
clinical sym
ptoms improving
liver
and post-
func
tion
and
albumin
hepatitis
synd
rome
Emblica officinalis
Dried
fru
it of Emblica
Human
Objective
impr
ovem
ent in m
ean
Sharma PK
et al Clin
ical eva
luation
officinalis
trial 18
values of the free and
total acid
of amalak
i ch
urna
in the treatm
ent
patien
tsco
ncen
tration were grad
ually red
uced
of amlapitta A
ryav
aidya
nwith ga
stro-
both in fasting an
d stimulated states
1990
4(2)1
20ndash1
22
intestinal
(p5
001
)tract disea
seEmblica officinalis
Haritak
i Terminalia
Rab
bits
Whe
n ch
olesterol was fed
to all
Tha
kur CP e
t al The
Ayu
rved
ic
chebula Emblica
grou
ps ch
olesterol leve
ls w
ere
med
icines H
aritak
i Amla and
officinalis Terminalia
sign
ifican
tly reduc
ed in the 3
Bah
ira reduc
e ch
olesterol-induced
bellirica
trea
tmen
t grou
ps tha
n in the
con
trol
athe
rosclerosis in rab
bits Int J
grou
p The
sam
e was tru
e for
Cardiology
198
821
(2)1
67ndash1
75
reduc
tion
in ch
olesterolemia
Emblica officinalis
Emblica officinalis
raw
Con
trolled human
Treatmen
t with Emblica officinales
Jaco
b A e
t al Effect of the
fruit for 28 day
strial 15
normal
reduc
ed cho
lesterol in bo
th normal
Indian go
oseb
erry (am
la) on
and 20 hy
per-
and hyp
erch
olesterolaem
ic subjects
seru
m cho
lesterol lev
els in m
ench
olesterolemic
After 2 w
eeks
withd
rawal from
aged
35ndash
55 yea
rs E
ur JC
lin N
utr
subjects
fruit total ch
olesterol leve
l of the
1988
41(11
)939
ndash944
hy
percho
lesterolem
ic sub
jects
increa
sed significantly alm
ost to
initial leve
ls
Eugenia jambolana
Extract of jaman
pulp
Rats
Emblica jambolana
pulp sho
wed
Ach
reka
r S et al H
ypog
lycemic acti-
Lam
from
the
fru
it of
hypo
glyc
emic effect Ficus
vity of Eugenia jambolana
and Ficus
MYRTACEAE
Emblica jambolana
and
benghalensis
bark extract cau
sed
benghalensismecha
nism
ofaction
ex
tracts of ba
rk of Ficus
reduc
tion
in bloo
d sug
ar lev
el O
ral
In V
ivo 19
915(2)1
43ndash1
47
Blackbe
rry
benghalensis
administration of the
extracts resu
lted
in enh
ancemen
t in serum ins
ulin
leve
ls in no
rmog
lycemic and
diabe
tic
rats
450
Eugenia jambolana
Two capsu
les of 450
20 case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a com-
mg each
Coccinia
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
nposite he
rbal dru
g in the
treatmen
tindica Cum
inum
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
sof Diabetes mellitus
(Mad
humeh
a)
cyminum
Eugenia
Aryav
aidya
n 19
915(1)3
6ndash46
jambolana Gymnema
sylvestre Momordica
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Eugenia jambolana
Olean
olic acid (C3-
Male albino
rats
The
extract decreased
fertiliz
ing
Rajasek
aran
M et al Antifertility
0H48
O3) isolated from
capacity witho
ut an
y sign
ifican
teffect in male rats of olea
nolic
acid
flow
ers of Emblica
chan
ges in bod
y weigh
t or
a triterpe
ne from Eugenia jambolana
jambolana administered
repr
oduc
tive
organ
weigh
ts T
heflow
ers J Ethno
pha
rm 198
824
(1)
for 60
day
sex
tract arrested
spermatog
enesis but
115ndash
121
did not cau
se any
abn
ormality to
spermatog
enic cells Ley
dig
interstitial a
nd Sertoli cells
Ferula foetida
Rats fed for 8 weeks the
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Srinivasan
K
Bung
e)Reg
elfollo
wing plan
ts
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irInflue
nce of dietary spices
UMBELLIFE
RAE
Brassicasp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
or the
ir active princ
iples on
Hingu
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
ucosa D
ietary
digestive
enz
ymes of sm
all
Asafoetida
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcum
in capsaicin p
iperine an
dintestinal m
ucosa in rats Int J
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprominen
tly
Food
Sci N
utr 199
547
(1)5
5ndash59
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
Trigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetida
brou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
pho
spha
tases an
d sucrase The
positive influen
ces of a goo
d numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
451
(continued)
Ferula foetida
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
dCum
inum
cyminum
seeds Ocimum
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan
Cum
inum
cyminum
rats
sanctum
leav
es an
d Papaver
VM Anticarcino
genic
Curcuma longa Ferula
somnifera
seed
s sign
ifican
tly
effects of som
e Indian
plant
asafoetida Ocimum
inhibited neo
plasia alon
e The
sepr
oducts Foo
d C
hem Tox
icsanctum Moringa
plan
ts m
ay prove
to be
valuab
le19
9230(11
)953
ndash956
oleifera Papaver
anticarcinog
ens
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Ferula foetida
Cuminum
cym
inum
Swiss mice
All these plants leave
s and
herbs
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
seed
s Papaver
increased glutathione
-S-trans
ferase
Plan
t produc
ts as protective
somnifera seedsFerula
activity by more than
78
in the
agen
ts aga
inst can
cer Ind
ian JE
xp
foetida Curcuma longa
stom
ach liver and
esoph
agus
high
Biol 19
9028(11
)100
8ndash11
11
kand
athipili
enou
gh to be
con
sidered
protective
Azadirachta indica
agen
ts aga
inst carcino
gene
sis
flow
ers m
anatha
kkali
leav
es d
rumstick leav
es
Ocimum
sanctum
leav
esan
d pon
naka
nni leav
esFerula foetida
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-Influe
nce of spices an
dcyminum
Ferula
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
spice pr
inciples on
hep
atic m
ixed
foetida Tamarindus
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
func
tion
oxy
gena
se system in
indica Trigonella
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
rats Indian JB
ioch
em Bioph
ysfoenum
-graecum
graecum
also
stimulated the
lev
els of
1989
26(4)254
ndash258
Zingiber officinale
cytoch
rome P4
50 and
b5 Cum
inum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated
N-dem
ethy
lase activity
Ferula foetida
Piper nigrum
powder in
Human
Results sh
owed
Piper nigrum pow
der
Desai H
G K
alro R
H E
ffect of black
dos
es of 02 04 gh
trial 20
doe
s no
t dam
age the hu
man
gastric
peppe
r an
d asafoetida on
the
DNA
and Ferula foetidain
healthy
muc
osa w
hereas Ferula foetidadoe
sco
nten
t of gastric asp
irates Ind
Jdos
es of 01 02 a
nd 04
human
based on the rate of ex
folia
tion
of the
Med
Res 198
582
(1)3
25ndash3
29
gh on
different day
svo
lunteers
surface ep
ithe
lial cells
of hu
man
gastric muco
sa
Ficus benghalensis L
Dim
etho
xy ether of
Rats
Administration of the
extract sho
wed
Che
rian
S A
ugu
sti KT
MORACEA
Eleucope
largon
din-3-0-
abou
t a 12
hyp
oglycemic action in
Insu
lin sparing action
of
Vata
alph
a-L rham
noside
norm
al rats The
results indicate an
leuc
opelargo
nidin derivative
Ban
yan tree
from
bark of the
Ficus
insu
lin-spa
ring
action of the
isolated
from Ficus benghalensis
benghalensis
(100
leuc
opelargo
nin if used in
Linn Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
mg
kg orally
)co
mbina
tion
with insu
lin
1995
33(8)608
ndash611
Ficus benghalensis
Dim
etho
xy ether of
Diabe
tic
The
com
pou
nd sho
wed
significant
Augu
sti KT e
t al Effect
leucope
largon
din-3-0-
dog
shy
pog
lycemic and
serum
ins
ulin
of leu
copelargo
nin derivatives
alph
a-L rham
noside
increased action in normal and
from
Ficus benghalensisLinn on
isolated
from the
bark of
mod
erately diabe
tic dog
s (ind
uced by
diabe
tic dog
s Ind
ian JM
ed R
esFicus benghalensis
alloxa
n) during
a period of 2 ho
urs
1994
9982
ndash86
(100 m
gkg
oral
administration)
452
Ficus benghalensis
Extract of jaman
pulp
Rats
Emblica jambolana
pulp sho
wed
Ach
reka
r S et al H
ypog
lycemic
from
the
fru
it of
hypo
glyc
emic effect Ficus
activity of Eugenia jambolana
and
Emblica jambolana
and
benghalensis
bark extract cau
sed
FicusbenghalensisM
echa
nism
of
extracts of ba
rk of Ficus
reduction in blood
suga
r leve
l Oral
action
In V
ivo 19
915(2)1
43ndash147
benghalensis
administration of the
extracts resu
lted
in enh
ancemen
t in serum
ins
ulin
leve
ls in no
rmog
lycemic and
diabe
tic
rats
Ficus benghalensis
Isop
roteinou
s diets
Wea
nling
The
effect of inc
orporation of w
hole
Aga
wam
V C
hatham
BM E
ffect
containing
1
rats
plants pa
rts in feed intak
e w
eigh
tof feeding so
me plan
t food
s ch
olesterol an
d 10
gain feed efficienc
y ratio (FER) dry
as sou
rce of dietary fibre on
fibe
r derived
from
matter digestibility (D
MD) an
d tru
ebiolog
ical utilisation of diet in
Cappers deciduas Ficus
protein digestibility (TPD
) was
rats P
lant Foo
ds Hum
Nutr
religious Ficus
studied Inc
lusion
did not effect
1989
39(2)161
ndash167
glomeration Ficus
weigh
t ga
in significantly but all othe
rbenghalensisan
dparam
eters were influen
ced to a
Prsopsis cinceria
varying ex
tent Fo
ods rich
in lig
nin
were fed for 40 day
sha
d relatively lower FER D
MD a
ndTPD w
hereas cellulose and
pectin-rich
food
s ha
d an increased D
MD
and TPD
Ficus benghalensis
Dietary fiber con
tent of
Rats
Dietary fiber from the
se plants food
sAga
rwal V
Cha
uha
n BM A
study
Capparis decidua
fed at 10
dietary lev
el ind
uced an
of com
position
and
hyp
olipidem
ic
Ficus benghalensis
increa
sed resistanc
e to hyp
erlip
idem
iaeffect of dietary fibre from som
e Ficus glomerata Ficus
than
cellulose The
dietary fiber
plant foo
ds Plant Foo
ds H
um N
utr
religiosaa
nd Prsopsis
influen
ced total lipids cho
lesterol
1988
38(2)189
ndash197
cinceria
varied
from
triglycerides a
nd pho
spho
lipids of the
385 to 557
liver to va
rying ex
tents
Ficus religiosa L
Isop
roteinou
s diets
Wea
nling
The
effect of inc
orporation of w
hole
Aga
rwal V
Cha
uha
n BM E
ffect of
MORACEAE
containing
1
rats
plants pa
rts in feed intak
e w
eigh
tfeed
ing so
me plan
t food
s as sou
rce
Asw
atha
cholesterol an
d 10
gain F
ER D
MD a
nd TPD w
asof dietary fibre on biolog
ical utilisa-
Sacred
fig
fibe
r derived
from
studied Inc
lusion
did not effect
tion
of diet in rats Plant Foo
ds
Capparis decidua Ficus
weigh
t ga
in significantly but all othe
rHum N
utr 198
939
(2)1
61ndash1
67
religiosa Ficus
param
eters were influen
ced to a
glomerata Ficus
varying ex
tent Fo
ods rich
in lig
nin
benghalensisan
dha
d relatively lower FER D
MD a
ndPrsopsis cinceria
were
TPD w
hereas cellulose and
pectin-
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
453
(continued)
fed for 40 day
srich
foo
ds ha
d an increased D
MD and
TPD
Ficus religiosa
Dietary fiber con
tent of
Rats
Dietary fiber from the
se plants food
sAga
rwal V
Cha
uha
n BM
A study of
Capparis decidua
fed at 10
dietary lev
el ind
uced an
compo
sition
and
hyp
olipidem
ic
Ficus benghalensis
increased resistanc
e to hyp
erlip
idem
iaeffect of dietary fibre
from
som
e Ficus glomerata Ficus
than
cellulose T
he dietary fiber
plan
t food
s Plant Foo
ds H
um N
utr
religiosaan
d Prsopsis
influe
nced
total lipids cho
lesterol
1988
38(2)189
ndash197
cinceria
varied
from
triglycerides an
d pho
spho
lipids of the
385 to 55
7
liver to va
rying ex
tents
Foeniculum
Ethan
olic extracts of
Mice
The
extracts caused no sign
ifican
tSh
ah A
H e
t al Tox
icity studies
vulgareMill
Foeniculum
vulgare fru
it
acute or ch
ronic mortality as
in m
ice of ethan
ol extracts of
UMBELLIFERAE
Short-term
doses 05 1
0
compa
red to co
ntrols
Foeniculum
vulgare fru
it and
Sa
tupus
pa
and 3 gkg
lon
g-term
Ruta chalepensisae
rial parts J
Fenn
eldose was 100
mg
kg
Ethn
opha
rm 199
134
(2)1
67ndash1
72
per day
Foeniculum
vulgare
Aqu
eous ex
tracts of
Pentob
arbital-
Intrav
enou
s ad
ministration of the
Abd
ul-G
hani A
S A
min R
The
Foeniculum
vulgare
anae
sthe
tized
extract prod
uced a sign
ifican
t dose-
vascular action
of aq
ueo
us ex
tracts
leav
es tha
t were
rats
related red
uction
in arterial blood
of Foeniculum vulgare
leav
es
lyop
hiliz
ed and
boiled
pressu
re witho
ut affecting the he
art
JEthno
pharm 198
824
213
ndash218
rate or resp
iratory rate T
he non
-boiled
aqueo
us ex
tract sh
owed
very little
hypoten
sive
activity
Foeniculum
vulgare
Oral ad
ministration of
Male an
dIn m
ale rats total protein con
centration
Malini T e
t al Effect of Foeniculum
aceton
e ex
tract of
female rats
was fou
nd to be
significantly
vulgareMill seed
extract on the
Foeniculum
vulgare
decreased
in testes and
vas deferen
s
genital orga
ns of male an
d fem
ale
seed
s for 15 day
san
d inc
reased
in seminal vesicles
rats Indian J Phy
siol Pha
rmacol
and prostate glan
d In fem
ale rats
1985
29(1)21ndash
26
the ex
tract led to va
gina
l co
rnification
and estru
s cy
cle
Foeniculum
vulgare
Herb co
mbina
tion
of
Human
trial
As a resu
lt of the trea
tmen
t sp
ontane
ous
Cha
kurski I e
t al Treatmen
t of
Calendula officinalis
24 patients
and palpab
le pains
along
the
large
ch
ronic co
litis w
ith an
herba
l Foeniculum
vulgare
with ch
ronic
intestine disap
pea
red in 95
83
of the
combina
tion
of Taraxacum
officinale
Hypericum
perforatum
nons
pecific
patien
ts by the 15
th day
of their
Hipericum
perforatum M
elissa
Melissa officinalis
colitis
admission
to the clinic and
treatmen
t officinalis Calendula officinalis
and
Taraxacum
officinale
with he
rbal com
bina
tion
Foeniculum
vulgare
[Bulga
rian
]Vutr Boles 198
120
(6)5
1ndash54
Glycyrrhiza glabra L
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach three trea
tmen
t grou
ps were
Paran
jpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
LEGUMIN
OSA
EGlycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plications
of he
rbal formulation
s Yashtim
adhu
Holarrhena
comparative
mixtures Suc
cessful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgarisA
sing
le-blin
d
Licorice
antidysenterica
study 49
grou
ps A and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative stud
y J
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
Med
icinal A
romatic Plant Sci 199
7Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d19
414
ndash418
Santalum
album
ad
ults with
othe
r comed
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
mecha
nism
s of action remain
Terminalia chebula
mod
erate
unkn
own
Zingiber officinale
facial acn
e
454
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Chine
se m
edicine
Rats
Rats were injected
with this formula
Wan
g W
K et al Collective effect
form
ula of Paeoniae
to obs
erve
blood
pressur
e ch
ange
sof a C
hine
se formulamdash
A study
lactiforaeroot
The
formula ha
d an effect on the
of xiao-jia
n-zh
ong-tang
Am JChin
Astralagus
Fourier com
pone
nts of the
blood
Med
199
523
(3ndash4
)299ndash3
04
Cinnamomum
pressure w
ave simila
r to the
linea
rzeylanicum
Glycyrrhiza
combina
tion
of the three he
rb group
sglabra Fructus jujubae
whe
n used separately
Saccharum granorum
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhizine
150
Human
trial
Glycy
rrhizine
in low doses on hy
per-
Muraka
mi T U
chikaw
a T E
ffect of
mg
d8 no
n-insu
lin-
kalemia N
IDDM patients sh
owed
the
glyc
yrrh
izine on
hyp
erka
lemia due
dep
enden
tmea
n seru
m potassium con
centration
to
to hyp
oren
inem
ic hyp
oaldos-
Diabetes
decrease sign
ifican
tly to 44 m
Eq
L
teronism
in Diabetes mellitusLife
mellitus
with 15
0 mg
d
Sci 19
9153(5)63ndash
68
(NID
DM)
patien
tsGlycyrrhiza glabra
Plants includ
e leave
s of
Mice
Treatmen
t with Agrimonia eupatoria
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK e
t al Traditiona
l Agrimonia eupatoria
Medicago sativa Coriandrum
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
Alchemilla vulgaris
sativum Eucalyptus globulus
and
Studies in normal and
strep
to-
bulbs of Allium
sativum
Juniperus communis
reduced the
lev
elzo
tocin diabe
tic mice D
iabe
tologia
Chelidonium majus
of hyp
erglyc
emia during
dev
elop
men
t19
9033(8)462
ndash464
Convallaria majalis
of strep
tozo
tocin diabe
tes in m
ice
seed
s ofCoriandrum
This was assoc
iated w
ith reduced
sativum Eucalyptus
polyd
ipsia (excep
t Coriandrum
globulusr
oots of
sativum) an
d a red
uced
rate of w
eigh
tGlycyrrhiza glabra
loss (ex
cept Agrimonia eupatoria)
dried
berries of
Juniperus communis
Medicago sativa Rubus
fraticosus
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhizin
Ran
dom
ized
Results sho
wed
impr
ovem
ent of liver
Su X
et al Clin
ical and
lab
oratory
controlle
dfunc
tion
Fo
r bo
th acu
te and
chron
icob
servation on
the
effect of
trial 88
cases in the
sho
rt-term glyc
yrrh
izin
glyc
yrrh
izin in acute and
chr
onic
patien
tssh
owed
statistically significant
viral he
patitis JTrad C
hin Med
with ch
ronic
improve
men
t19
844(2)1
27ndash1
32
hepa
titis
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
455
(continued)
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Deg
lycyrrhizinize
dCon
trolled
After 4 w
eeks
no
differenc
e was
Bard
shan
KD e
t al C
linical trial of
licorice or placebo
clinical
found
in ga
stric ulcers be
tween the
deg
lycy
rrhizinised liq
uorice in
trial 96
placebo
and
treatmen
t grou
pga
stric ulcer Gut 19
781977
9ndash78
2pa
tien
tswith ga
stric
ulcers
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Com
parison
of
Ran
dom
ized
Both are effective
in the treatm
ent of
DrsquoImpe
rio N e
t al Dou
ble-blind
Cim
etidine an
ddou
ble-
duod
enal ulcers
trial in duod
enal and
gastric
deg
lycy
rrhizinize
dblind trial
ulcersCim
etidine an
d de
gly-
licorice
30 patients
cyrrhizinize
d liq
uorice A
cta Gastro-
with
Enterolog
ica Belgica X
LI 19
78
duo
den
al42
7ndash43
4ulcers
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Deg
lycyrrhizinize
dRetrosp
ective
Healin
g of the
ulcerations
was
observed
La
rkworthy W
Holga
te PFL
lic
orice
survey
in all pa
tien
ts A
fter 16 weeks
78
Deg
lycy
rrhizinized liquorice in
32 patients
had end
osco
pic ev
iden
ce tha
t the
the trea
tmen
t of chr
onic d
uoden
al
with ch
ronic
ulceration ha
d healed
ulcer P
ractitione
r 19
75215
787
ndash792
duo
den
alulcer history
Gossypium
Gossy
pol compou
ndDou
ble-blind
A m
ale an
tifertility drug was tested
Liu G
et al Trial of Gossy
pol as a
herbaceum
L
isolated
from seed stem
clinical trial
and a 92
efficacy rate w
as ach
ieve
dmale co
ntraceptive
In Gossy
pol A
MALVACEA
Eor roo
t of Gossypium
64 gos
sypol
The
inc
iden
ce of fatigu
e decreased
Potential C
ontracep
tive
for M
en
Karpa
sherbaceum
and 74
libido and
gastrointestina
l distur-
Sega
l S Ed New
York
Plenu
mIndian cotton
placeb
oba
nce of the
two grou
ps show
edPress 19
859ndash1
6no
statistical differenc
eGossypium
Gossy
pol acetic acid
Female rats
Gos
sypol acetic acid at a high
er dose
Lei HP et al S
tudies of G
ossypol
herbaceum
(80 mg
kg) co
uld interru
pt early
on the
fem
ale In A
dv C
hine
se M
ed
pregn
ancy
in female rats P
rolong
edMaterials R
es C
hang
HM
et al
administration (30 mg
kg) led to
Eds W
orld Scien
tific Philadelphia
atrophy
of the rat en
dom
etrium
19
85639
ndash645
Gossypium
Gossy
pol 20 m
gd for
Human
Gos
sypol had
a profoun
d effect on
Frick J Dan
ner C
198
5 Effect of
herbaceum
3 mon
ths
trial 5 men
spermatog
enesis tha
t was fully
Gossy
pol on
human
testicu
lar
reve
rsible after termination of
func
tion
Eva
luation of sem
inal and
trea
tmen
t Infertility lasted 4ndash6
horm
onal param
eters In G
ossy
pol
mon
ths
A Poten
tial C
ontracep
tive
for M
en
Sega
l S Ed Plen
um Press NY
1985
17ndash
23
Gossypium
20 m
gd gos
sypol
Human
trial
Gos
sypol inh
ibited
spermatog
enesis
Cou
tinh
o EM
et al Bipha
sic action
of
herbaceum
mon
acetic acid for 4
12 m
enin m
en at a dose leve
l that in the
Gossy
pol in m
en In Gos
sypol A
mon
ths the
nsh
ort-term
treatmen
t ap
pea
rs to be
Poten
tial C
ontracep
tive
for M
en
60 m
g weekly for 4ndash
6free of side effects
Sega
l S Ed New
York Plenu
mmon
ths
Press 19
8525ndash
31
456
Gymnema sylvestre
Gymnema sylvestre ex
tract
Rats
Gymnema sylvestreex
tract did not
Tom
inag
a M e
t al Effects of seishin-
(Retz)S
chult
120 mg
kg per day
improve
ins
ulin
resistanc
e in
rens
hiin and
Gymnema sylvestreon
ASC
LEPIADACEAE
streptozo
tocin-induc
ed diabe
tic rats
insu
lin resistanc
e in strep
tozo
tocin-
Mesha
sringi
induc
ed diabe
tic rats D
iabe
tes Res
Gurm
arClin
Pract 199
529
(1)1
1ndash17
Gymnema sylvestre
Two caps
ules of 450
20 case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of
mg ea
ch Coccinia
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
nco
mposite he
rbal d
rugs
in the
indica Cum
inum
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
strea
tmen
t of D
iabe
tes mellitus
cyminum
Eugenia
(Mad
humeh
a) Aryav
aidya
n jambolana Gymnema
1991
5(1)3
6ndash46
sylvestre Momordica
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Gymnema sylvestre
Pep
tide
iso
lated from
Rats
Inhibitory effect on
the
sweet resp
onses
Imoto T e
t al A nov
el pep
tide
Gymnema sylvestre
appea
red after treating tong
ue surface
isolated
from the
lea
ves of
leav
es Dosag
e pep
tide
with Gymnema sylvestrepep
tide
Gymnema sylvestremdash
I Cha
racter-
at a con
centration
more
ization an
d its sup
pressive
effect
than
1 3
10(2
6)M
on the
neu
ral resp
onses to sweet
taste stim
uli in the
rat C
omp
Bioch
em Phy
siol A
199
110
0(2)
309ndash
314
Gymnema sylvestre
GS4
an ex
tract from
Hum
an trial
Dur
ing GS4
sup
plemen
tation
aBaska
ran K e
t al A
ntidiabe
tic
leav
es of Gymnema
22 typ
e II
sign
ifican
t de
crea
se in bloo
d gluco
se
effect of a leaf extract from
sylvestre 400
mg
dpa
tien
ts w
ith
glyc
osylated
hem
oglobin an
d plasm
aGymnema sylvestre in non
-ins
ulin
-18ndash2
0 mon
ths as
diabe
tes
proteins was noted
Con
ventiona
ldep
enden
t diabe
tes mellitus
su
pplem
ent to
dru
g dos
e co
uld be decreased
23
patients J E
thno
pharm 199
030
(3)
conv
ention
al dru
g(522
) disco
ntinue
d com
pletely
295ndash
300
therap
y of glib
enclam
ide
conv
ention
al dru
g therap
yor tolbu
tamide
Gymnema sylvestre
GS4
an ex
tract from
Con
trolled hu
man
Insu
lin req
uirem
ents decreased
with
Shan
mug
asund
aram
ER e
t al Use
leav
es of Gymnema
trial 27
patients
fasting bloo
d gluco
se as did
of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract
sylvestre 400
mg
dwith insu
lin-
glyc
osylated
hem
oglobin an
d plasm
ain the
con
trol of bloo
d gluco
se in
dep
enden
tproteins and
serum
lipid lev
els
insu
lin-dep
enden
t diab
etes m
ellitus
Diabetes
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
030
(3)2
81ndash2
94
mellitusmdash
trea
ted group
and non
treated
grou
p
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
457
(continued)
Gymnema sylvestre
GS3
and
GS4
extracts
Streptozo
tocin
Herba
l therap
y ap
pears to bring
abo
utSh
anmuga
sund
aram
ER e
t al
from
Gymnema
rats
bloo
d gluco
se hom
eostatis
Possible rege
neration
of
sylvestreleav
esthe islets of Lan
gerhan
s in
streptozo
tocin-diabe
tic rats given
Gymnema sylvestreleaf extracts
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
030
(3)2
65ndash2
79
Gymnema sylvestre
GS4
extracted
from
Non
diabe
tic an
dResults sugg
est us
efulne
ss of Gymnema
Oka
baya
shi Y e
t al Effect
Gymnema sylvestre
streptoz
ocin-
sylvestrein the
treatmen
t of certain
of Gymnema sylvestre R
Br on
leav
es 1 gkg
bod
yinduc
ed m
ildly
classes of non
-ins
ulin dep
enden
t gluco
se hom
eostasis in rats
weigh
tdiabe
tic rats
Diabetes mellitus
Diabe
tes Res C
lin Pract
1990
9(2)1
43ndash1
48
Gymnema sylvestre
Pow
dered
lea
ves of
Rats
Gymnema sylvestrepr
otected the
animals
Prak
ash AO e
t al E
ffect of feeding
Gymnema sylvestre
from
low
blood
gluco
se lev
els seen
Gymnema sylvestreleav
es on bloo
d
in rats receiving be
ryllium nitrate
gluco
se in be
ryllium
nitrate treated
alon
erats J Ethno
pha
rm 198
618(2)1
43ndash
146
Gymnema sylvestre
Oral ap
plication of
Clin
ical trial
Sweetness pe
rcep
tion
of the load
was
Brala PM Hag
en R
L Effects of
Gymnema sylvestre
factorial design
reduced in 50
of the su
bjects by oral
sweetness perception
and
caloric
extracts
118 hu
man
application of the
extract L
ess total
value of a preload
on sh
ort term
vo
lunteers
and sweet calories w
ere co
nsum
ed by
intake
Phy
siol Beh
av 198
330
(1)1
ndash9
thos
e with a reduc
ed sweetness
perception
Hemidesmus
Plants lack
ing
Feed
ing trials
All plan
ts produc
ed hep
atic lesions
tha
t Arseculeratne SN
et al Studies of
Indicus(L) W
T
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
in rats
includ
ed cen
tral vein ab
norm
alities
med
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Ation
Aegle marmelos
Terminalia chebula and
Withania
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eASC
LEPIADACEAE
Hemidesmus indicus
somnifera
produced m
ark rena
l lesion
strad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs J
Sariva
Terminalia chebula
Ethno
pharm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
Indian Sa
saparilla
Withania somnifera
Hemidesmus
Air dried
roo
ts of
Mice
Hemidesmus indicus
was tested on mice
Gupta PN Anti-leprotic action
of
indicus
Hemidesmus indicus
infected
with M leprae The
dru
g may
an
extract from ldquoAna
ntam
ulrdquo
simple distilla
tion
with
caus
e a delay
in multiplic
ation of
(Hemidesmus Indicus
RB
r) Lep
r
water
orga
nism
s in the
mou
se foo
t pa
ds
India 198
153
(3)3
54ndash3
59
Holarrhena
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach of the
thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps were
Paranjpe P E
valuation of top
ical
antidysenterica
Glycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered differen
t he
rbal
applications
of he
rbal formulations
(R
oxb Ex Fleing
) Holarrhena
comparative
mixtures Successful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Wall Ex A
DC
antidysenterica
study 49
grou
ps A and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative study
APO
CYNACEAE
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
JMed
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
119
Kutaja
Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Kur
chi tree
Santalum
album
ad
ults w
ith
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
trea
tmen
t prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
sTerminalia chebula
mod
erate
of action remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
facial acn
eHolarrhena
Ethan
ol extract of
Mice
Holarrhena antidysentericaap
peared
Atal CK e
t al Im
mun
omod
ulating
antidysenterica
Holarrhena
to stimulate pha
gocy
tic func
tion
while
agen
ts of plan
t origin IP
relim
inary
antidysenterica
inhibiting
the
humoral com
pon
ent of
screen
ing JEthno
pharm 198
6the im
mun
e sy
stem
18
(2)1
33ndash1
41
458
Holarrhena
Bark po
wder of Holarrhena
Clin
ical trial
Effects of Holarrhena antidysenterica
Cha
turved
i GN S
ingh
KP Sideeffects
antidysenterica
antidysentericain three
11 patients
is not tho
roug
hly atox
ic and
may
lea
dof a traditiona
l indigen
ous dru
g-divided
doses of 4 g for
with intestinal
to sev
eral sub
jective symptoms an
dKutaja (Holarrhena antidysentirica)
15 day
sam
oebiasis and
hypo
tens
ion
Letter to the
editorInd
ian J
giardiasis
Phy
siol Pha
rmacol 198
325
5ndash25
6Holarrhena
Plants screen
ed for
Rats
Feed
ing trials produced liv
er lesions
Arseculeratne SN
et al Studies on
antidysenterica
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
and histopatho
logy
in the lung
s an
dmed
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Crotalaria verrucosa
kidne
ys com
patible with the action
of
Occur
renc
e of pyrroliz
idine alka
loids
Holarrhena antidysenterica
pyrroliz
idine alka
loids
and hep
atotox
ic properties in
and Cassia auriculata
some trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs
J Ethno
pha
rm 198
14(2)159
ndash177
Hydrocotyle asiaticaL
Dried
upr
ipe fruit po
wder
Ran
dom
ized
Treatmen
t with all these plan
ts did not
Haide
r R et al Eva
luation of ind
ige-
UMBE
LLIFE
RAE
of Aegle marmelos d
ried
doub
le-blin
dsh
ow any
clin
ical improv
emen
t or
nous
plants in the
treatmen
t of
Zup
ha
powder plant of Hydrocotyle
clinical trial
bacteriological cu
re as compa
red to
acute sh
igellosis Trop Geo
rgr Med
Hyssop
asiatica dried
pow
der of
82 m
en w
itham
picillin
1991
43(3)266ndash2
70
Poederia foetida
shigellosis
Hygrophila
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats with
A significant hep
atop
rotective activity
Sing
h A Han
da SS
Hep
atop
rotective
auriculata
the seed
s of Apium
paracetamol-
of the
metha
nolic
extract of the seed
sactivity of Apium
graveolensan
d (Sch
umach)H
eine
graveolens
and
induc
edof both plan
ts w
as rep
orted
Hygrophila auriculataag
ains
t parac-
ACANTHACEAE
Hygrophila auriculata
liver
etam
ol and
thioa
cetamideintoxi-
Kok
ilaks
ha
dam
age
catio
n in rats JEthn
opha
rmTalmak
hana
1995
49(3)119
ndash126
Juniperus communis
L
Juniper decoction
at dosag
e Normog
lycemic and
Junipe
r decoc
tion
red
uced
glycemic
Sanc
hez de Med
ina F et al Hyp
o-CUPRESS
ACEAE
of 250 m
gkg
and
125
streptoz
otocin
leve
ls in no
rmog
lycemic rats
glyc
emic activity of ju
niper
Hap
usa
mg
kgdiabe
tic rats
Administration to diabe
tic rats for 24
ldquoberriesrdquo Planta Med
199
460
(3)
Juniper berry
day
s resu
lted
in a sign
ifican
t decrease
197ndash
200
both in bloo
d gluco
se lev
els an
d in
the mortality index
as well as the
preve
ntion of loss of bod
y weigh
tJuniperus
Plants include
leav
es of
Mice
Treatmen
t with Agrimonia eupatoria
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Tradition
al
communis
Agrimonia eupatoria
Medicago sativa Coriandrum
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
Alchemilla vulgaris
sativum Eucalyptus globulus
and
Stud
ies in normal and
strep
tozo
tocin
bulbs of Allium
sativum
Juniperus communis
reduced the
lev
eldiabe
tic mice D
iabe
tologia 1990
Chelidonium majus
of hyp
erglyc
emia during
dev
elop
men
t33
(8)4
62ndash4
64
Convallaria majalis
of strep
tozo
tocin diabe
tes in m
ice
seed
s of Coriandrum
This was assoc
iated w
ith redu
ced
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
459
(continued)
sativum Eucalyptus
polyd
ipsia (excep
t Coriandrum
globulusroots of
sativum) an
d a red
uced
rate of w
eigh
tGlycyrrhiza glabra
loss (ex
cept Agrimonia eupatoria)
dried
berries of
Juniperus communis
Medicago sativa Rubus
fraticosus
Juniperus
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plan
ts sho
wed
marke
d but
Prak
ash AO e
t al Anti-im
plantation
communis
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of some indigen
ous plan
ts
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implantation activity
in rats A
cta Eur Fertil 19
8516(6)
Citrulus colocynthus
441ndash
448
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
Linum usitatissimum
L
Ground
raw
flaxseed 50
Human
trial
Autho
rs con
clude that up to 50
gCunn
ane SC
et al High alph
a-LIN
ACEAE
gd for 4 w
eeks
healthy
high
-a-linolen
ic acid flaxseedday
linolen
ic acid flaxseed (Linum
Uma Linseed
female
is palatab
le safe an
d m
ay be
usitatissimum
) some nu
tritiona
l vo
lunteers
nutritiona
lly ben
eficial in human
s by
prope
rties in hum
ans Br JN
utr
increa
sing
n-3 fatty acids in plasm
aMar199
369
(2)4
43ndash3
an
d erythrocytes an
d by de
creasing
postprand
ial gluco
se respo
nses
Linum
Freeze-dried
extracts of
Wistar albino
Linum usitatissimum
and Symphytum
Shipochliev T et al A
nti-inflammatory
usitatissimum
Calendula officinalis
rats
officinaledid not inh
ibit inflammation
action
of a grou
p of plant extracts
Hypericum
perforatum
but they
did suppr
ess the leuk
ocyte
[Bulgarian] Vet M
ed N
auki 198
1Linum usitatissimum
infiltration
at the third and
fou
rth ho
ur18
(6)8
7ndash94
Matricaria chamomilla
of the
ind
uced
inflammation
Plantago lanceolata
Calendula officinalis H
ypericum
Symphytum
officinale
perforatum
Matricaria chamomilla
and Plantago lanceolata
suppressed
both inflammatory effect and
leuko
cyte infiltration
Luffa cylindrical
Two glyc
oproteins with
Mice
The
proteins were capa
ble of ind
ucing
Ng TB e
t al T
wo proteins with
M R
oem
a molecular w
eigh
t of
midterm
abo
rtion in m
ice inh
ibiting
ribo
some-inactiv
ating cytotox
ic
CUCURBITACEAE
28000
and
2850
0protein syn
thesis in a cell-free system
and abo
rtifactant activities from
Dha
marga
raisolated
from seeds
of
and sup
pressing
thy
midine uptak
e by
seed
s of Luffa cylindricaRoe
m
Spon
ge gou
rdLuffa cylindrica
human
cho
rioc
arcino
ma cells
(C
ucurbitaceae) Bioch
em Int 199
227
(2)1
97ndash2
07
460
Luffa cylindrica
Bryon
olic acid iso
lated
Rats m
ice
Bryon
olic acid inh
ibited
hom
olog
ous
Tan
aka S et al A
nti-allergic effect
from
the
cultured cells
passive
cutane
ous an
aphy
laxis more
of bryon
olic acid from
Luffa cylindrica
of Luffa cylindrica
strong
ly tha
n glycyrrhetinic acid from
cell su
spen
sion
cultures Planta
Administered to rats IP
licorice Bryon
olic acid sho
wed
little
Med
199
157
(6)5
27ndash5
30
600 mg
kgtoxicity and
no visible side effects on
mice
Mallotus
Dried
pow
der fruit of
Goa
tsMallotus philippensisfruit is no
tJost C
C et al Kam
ala (Mallotus
philippensis(Lam
)Mallotus philippensis
effective in elim
inating direct life-
philippensis) fruit is ineffective as
Mue
ll(250
375
50
0 an
d 750
cycle ga
strointestinal nem
atod
es in
an anthe
lminthic aga
inst gastro-
EUPHORBIA
CEAE
mg
kg com
pared
to
goats
intestinal nem
atod
es in go
ats
Kam
pilla
fenb
enda
zole [10
mg
kg])
indigen
ous to Baloc
histan
Pa
kistan
Rottlera
Small Rum
inan
t Res 199
620
(2)
147ndash
153
Mallotus
Crude pow
der mixture
75 patients
The
cure rate in group
A w
as 80
Sa
rma BP O
jha D T
he m
anag
e-philippensis
of equ
al parts of
with va
riou
sgrou
p B treated with meb
endaz
ole
men
t of G
andup
ada krim
i (Ascaris
Ailanthus excelsa Butea
worm
was 92
an
d group C
was 76
lumbricoides)
with indigen
ous dru
gs
monosperma Embelia
infestations
Cure rate sho
wed
neg
ative Ascaris
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
70ndash172
ribes Erythrina indica
lumbricoidesov
a in the
stool rep
ort
Mallotus philippensis
for 3 co
nsecutive
day
sOrxylum
indicum
Mentha arvensis
L
Petroleum ether and
Mice
Interruption of nidation oc
curred
at 5
Garg P et al A
lteration in the
uterine
LABIA
TAE
benz
ene
mg per m
ouse per day
A statistically
pho
spha
tase of the mou
se after
Puthea
chromatog
raphic
sign
ifican
t de
crea
se in the alka
line
administration of con
trag
estative
Corn mint
fraction
of the petroleum
and acid pho
spha
tase con
tent of the
dose of chr
omatog
raphic fraction
of
ethe
r ex
tract of Mentha
uteru
s on
day
12 postcoitum w
aspetroleum ether extract of mint
arvensis
leav
esno
ted B
enzene
and
chloroform w
ere
(Mentha arvensis) leav
es J A
dvan
ced
ineffective in altering alka
line an
dZoo
logy
199
516
(2)8
5ndash87
acid pho
spha
tase
Mentha arvensis
Essen
tial oils
of
Guinea
pigs
Five
essen
tial oils
by form
ulation
of
Kisho
re N
et al Fu
ngitox
icity of
Artemisia nelagrica
ointmen
ts w
ere ab
le to cu
reessential oils aga
inst dermatop
hytes
Caesulia axillaris
expe
rimen
tal ring
worm in gu
inea pigs
Myc
oses 199
336
(5ndash6
)211
ndash215
Chenopodium
within 7ndash
12 day
s A
rtem
isia oil was
ambrosioides
found
to be
the
mos
t effective
Cymbopogon citratus
essential oil
Mentha arvensis
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
461
(continued)
Mentha arvensis
50 ethan
olic extract of
Rats
Extract of Mentha arvensis
has be
enMathu
r R Fruc
tolysis effect of
Mentha arvensis
leav
esfound
to decrease the fruc
tose
50 ethan
olic extract of Mentha
synthe
sis ve
sicles A
s a resu
lt the
arvensis
Linn (leav
es) in sem
inal
viab
ility of sp
ermatoz
oa seemed
to be
vesicles of rat Acta Eur Fertil
altered F
ertility reve
aled
sterile
1991
22(4)219
ndash220
matings
until 30
day
s of last treatm
ent
Mentha arvensis
Fraction
of Mentha arvensis
Rats
Subc
utane
ous ad
ministration of the
Kan
jana
pothi D
et al Postcoital
uterotonic fraction
to rats pregn
ant
antifertility
effect of Mentha arvensis
from
day
1ndash1
0 caused a significant
Con
tracep
tion
198
124
(5)5
59ndash5
67
interrup
tion
in pregn
ancy
Mentha arvensis
Essential oils of Mentha arvensis
Molds an
dThe
se oils
were fung
istatic or
Sarbho
y AK et al Efficacy of som
e Mentha piperita Anethum
fung
us
fung
icidal to on
e or the
other m
olds
essential oils and
the
ir con
stituen
ts
sowa Cymbogopon winterianus
dep
ending up
on the
con
centration
son
few
ubiqu
itou
s molds Z
entralbl
Nardostachys jatamansi
Bak
teriol [Natur
wiss] 197
813
3(7ndash
8)
and Commiphora mukul
723ndash
725
Moringa oleifera
Edible portion
s of
6 male wea
nling
The
exten
t of calcium absorption
from
Pank
aja N Pr
akash J Ava
ilability of
Lam
Moringa oleifera
and
albino
rats
Moringa oleifera
and Amaranthus tricolor
calcium from kilk
eerai (Amaranthus
MORIN
GACEAE
Amaranthus tricolor
and m
ilk w
as eva
luated
Results
tricolor) an
d dru
mstick (Moringa
Sigru
reve
aled
tha
t calcium abs
orption
and
oleifera) greens
in wea
nling rats
Horseradish tree
calcium reten
tion
from m
ilk w
ere
Nah
rung
199
438
(2)1
99ndash2
03
sign
ifican
tly increa
sed com
pared
to
Moringa oleifera
and Amaranthus
tricolor The
presenc
e of oxa
lates
inhibited intestina
l ab
sorption
of
calcium
Moringa oleifera
Lea
f ex
tracts of
Human
trial
Top
ical app
lication resu
lted
in us
ers
Fabiyi JP e
t al Traditiona
l therap
y Adansonia digitata
human
s with
perceived
relief of pain an
d
of dracu
nculia
sis in the
state of
Calotropis procera
guinea
worms
accelerated exp
ulsion of w
orms
Bau
chi-Nigeria [Fren
ch] Dak
arMoringa oleifera
and hea
ling pr
ocess
Med
199
338(2)1
93ndash1
95
Tamarindus indica
Ziziphus jaozeiro
Moringa oleifera
Hot w
ater infusion
s of
Rats with induced
The
seed infusion
sho
wed
a signifi-
Caceres A
et al Pha
rmacolog
ic
flow
ers lea
ves roo
ts
hind
paw
edem
acant inh
ibition of acetylcho
line-
prope
rties of M oleifera
2seed
s an
d stalks of bark
induc
ed con
traction
with an
ED
50of
Screen
ing for an
tisp
asmod
ic an
ti-
of Moringa oleifera
656 m
gmL ba
th con
centration
inflam
matory an
d diuretic activity
Doses are exp
ressed
as
inhibition
of induced ed
ema and
J Ethno
pharm 199236
(3)2
33ndash2
37
equiva
lent of dried
diuretic activity at 10
0 mg
kg
starting
plant m
aterial
462
Moringa oleifera
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally dosed
Aqu
eous
or 90
ethan
ol extracts of the
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used
of pow
dered
plant
for 10
day
splants were stud
ied in rats for 10
Indian
abo
rtifacient plants with
material Adhatoda vasica
day
s after insemination with sp
ecial
special referenc
e to the
irAbrus precatorius Acacia
referenc
e to effects of fetal
teratologic effects in rats J
arabica Aloe
dev
elop
men
t Leaf ex
tracts of
Ethno
pha
rm 199
236
147
ndash154
barbadensis Anethum
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
sowa Apium
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
petroselinium Banbusa
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
arundensis Blepharis
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
edulis Butea
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
monosperma Hibiscus
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
at the
dos
es tested
sativum M
esua ferrea
Moringa oleifera
Mucuna pruriens
Raphanus sativus Sida
cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
Moringa oleifera
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
dCum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Siva
ramak
rish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
rats
sanctum
leav
es Papaver somnifera
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
seed
s sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian
plant products Foo
d C
hem
asafoetida Moringa
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to be
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
oleifera O
cimum
valuab
le anticarcino
gens
sanctum Papaver
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylamum
nigrum
Moringa oleifera
Biosy
nthe
tically
and
Albino mice
Based
on mutag
enicity tests in albino
Villasen
or IM et al Mutag
ens from
ch
emically related
mice structur
e-activity correlation
roasted seeds of M
oringa
oleifera
compo
und
s isolated
studies that 4 (
a-L-rha
mno
syloxy
)Mutat R
es 198
9224(2)209
ndash212
from
the
roa
sted
seeds
phe
nyl-aceton
itrile 4-hy
droxy
-of Moringa oleifera
phe
nylacetonitrile
and
4-
hydroxy
phe
nylacetamide ex
hibited
mutage
nic activity
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
463
(continued)
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Ova
riectomized
To assess the
histologic effect of the
Shukla S et al H
istoarch
itecture of
Moringa oleifera
roots
rats
antifertility m
ode of action it w
asthe ge
nital tract of ova
riectomized
found
tha
t the ex
tract stim
ulated the
rats treated
with an
aqu
eous
uterine
histoarch
itecture by an
extract of Moringa oleifera
roots
increa
se in the he
ight of luminal
J Ethno
pha
rm 198
925
(3)2
49ndash2
61
epithe
lium well-dev
elop
ed gland
sloose stroma and
rich va
scularity The
cervix sho
wed
metap
lastic cha
nges
In the
vag
ina cornification
was
prominen
t ru
gae increased an
dstroma was loo
se
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Female rats
Initial ad
ministration of Moringa
Shukla S et al B
ioch
emical and
Moringa oleifera
roots
oleifera
stim
ulated
the
uterine
phy
siolog
ical alterations
in female
stru
ctur
es c
aused m
etap
lastic cha
nges
reproduc
tive
organ
s of cyc
lic rats
in the
cervical ep
ithe
lium and
treated w
ith aq
ueo
us ex
tract of
provo
ked con
siderab
le cornification
Moringa oleifera
Lam
Acta Eur
in the
vag
inal epithe
lium At a later
Fertil 19
8819(4)225
ndash232
duration
significant inh
ibition in the
histoa
rchitectur
e was obs
erve
d
Bioch
emical observa
tion
s an
dhistolog
ic findings correlated w
ith
anti-implantation action
of the
aqueo
us extract
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Ova
riectomized
The
roo
t was inv
estiga
ted for its
Shukla S et al A
ntifertility pr
ofile
Moringa oleifera
roots
rats
estrog
enic a
ntiestroge
nic proge
sta-
of the
aqu
eous ex
tract of Moringa
tion
al an
d antiproge
stationa
loleifera
roots JEthno
pha
rmactivities T
he antifertility effect
1988
22(1)51ndash
62
appe
ars to be due to m
ultiple
attributes
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Ova
ry of rat
Treated
rats remaine
d in the
cyc
licPr
akash AO O
varian
respo
nse to
Moringa oleifera
roots
dur
ing early
cond
itions
as ne
wly formed
corpo
raaq
ueo
us ex
tract of Moringa oleifera
preg
nanc
ylutea were ob
served
Non
treated
during
early pregn
ancy
in rats
ovaries of con
trol rats sh
owed
well
Fitoterapia 198
8LIX
(2)8
9ndash96
dev
elop
ed corpora lutea Sev
eral
othe
r features sh
owed
tha
t the ex
tract
could not ind
uce any
histologic
featur
es in the ov
ary as obs
erve
d in
pregn
ancy
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tracts of the
Female ad
ult
Both ex
tracts are effective
in
Shukla S et al A
nti-im
plan
tation
roots an
d bark of
rats
preve
nting im
plantation R
esults also
efficacy
of Moringa oleifera
Lam
Moringa oleifera
and
show
ed anti-im
plan
tation
activity of
and Moringa concacensis
Nim
mo
Moringa concacensis
Moringa oleifera
root w
as con
sisten
trats Int J C
rude Dru
g Res 198
826
rega
rdless of its time an
d place of
29ndash3
2colle
ction
464
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Pregn
ant rats
Adm
inistration of extract to pregn
ant
Praka
sh A
O e
t al Uterine
histo-
Moringa oleifera
roots
rats cou
ld not stimulate the
uteru
s that
arch
itecture during
pre- an
d pos
t-remaine
d non
receptive throug
hout
implan
tation
periods of rats trea
ted
the period of treatm
ent therefore the
with aq
ueo
us ex
tract of Moringa
fertilize
d egg
s may
not be welco
med
oleifera
Lam
Acta Eur Fe
rtil 19
87
by the
unp
repared
uteru
s18
(2)1
29ndash135
Mucuna pruriens
Stab
le stan
dardized
Multicenter
Using
the
Unified
Parkins
onrsquos D
isease
Man
yam BV et al An altern
ative
(L) DC
prepa
ration
from
clinical trial
Rating Scale (U
PDRS) a sign
ifican
tmed
icine trea
tmen
t for Parkins
onrsquos
LEGUMIN
OSA
Een
doc
arp of Mucuna
60 w
ith
decrease in sco
res from
baseline to
disease Results of a multicen
ter
Kap
ikachc
hha
pruriens
bean
s (H
P-20
0)Pa
rkinsonrsquos
the en
d of the 12
-week study
clinical trial JA
ltern Com
plem
ent
Cow
-itch plan
tdisease
indicated
a significant improve
men
tMed
199
51(3)249
ndash255
in the
ir Parkins
onrsquos con
ditions
Mucuna pruriens
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally dosed
Aqu
eous
or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D et al Com
mon
ly used Ind
ian
of pow
dered
plant
for 10
day
sthe plants were studied in rats for 10
abortifacien
t plan
ts w
ith sp
ecial
material Adhatoda
day
s after insemination with sp
ecial
referenc
e to the
ir teratolog
ic effects
vasica Abrus
referenc
e to effects of fetal
in rats J Ethno
pharm 199
236
precatorius Acacia
dev
elop
men
t Lea
f ex
tracts of
147ndash
154
arabica Aloe
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
barbadensis Anethum
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
sowa Apium
equiva
lent to 17
5 mg
kg starting dr
ypetroselinium Banbusa
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
arundensis Blepharis
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
edulis Butea
appeared to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
monosperma Hibiscus
at the
doses tested
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
sativum Mesua ferrea
Moringa oleifera
Mucuna pruriens
Raphamus sativus
Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
465
(continued)
Myristica fragrans
Ethan
olic extract of
Albino rabb
its
Total cho
lesterol LD
L triglycerides
Ram
A e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic effect
Hou
tt
Myristica fragrans 500
and con
trols
and cho
lesterol w
ere all sign
ifican
tly
of Myristica fragransfruit extract in
MYRISTIC
ACEAE
mg
kg orally
daily for
reduc
ed T
he extract also sh
owed
rabb
its JEthno
pharm 199
655
(1)
Jatiph
alam
60 day
splatelet an
tiag
greg
atory ab
ility and
a49
ndash53
Nutm
egsign
ifican
t decrease in lev
els of total
cholesterol in hea
rt and
liver
Myristica fragrans
Myristica fragransseed
Hyp
erch
o-The
extract red
uced serum and
LDL
Sharma A e
t al Pr
even
tion
of hy
per-
extract
lesterolem
icch
olesterol by
691
and
763
ch
olesterolemia and
atherosclerosis
rabb
its
resp
ective
ly S
ignificant decrease in
in rab
bits after supp
lemen
tation
of
cholesterolph
osph
olipid ratio by
Myristica fragransseed
extract
312 and
an increase in the HDL-
Indian J Ph
ysiol Pha
rmacol 199
5ratio The
extract preve
nted
39(4)4
07ndash4
10
accu
mulation of cho
lesterol
pho
spho
lipid and
triglyc
eride in the
liver h
eart and
aorta E
xtract
dissolved
atherom
atou
s plaqu
es of
aorta by
709ndash76
5 Fe
cal ex
cretion
of cho
lesterol and
pho
spho
lipids were
sign
ifican
tly increa
sed
Myristica fragrans
Aril of the
plant
Mice proge
nyThe
possible tran
sfer of the active
Cha
bra SK
Rao
AR Trans
mam
mary
Myristica fragrans
princ
iple of mace through
trans
-mod
ulatio
n of xen
obiotic metab
oliz-
Aqu
eous
susp
ension
at
mam
mary route and
its ability to
ing en
zymes in liv
er ofmou
se
dose of 0025
or 01 g pe
rmod
ulate he
patic xeno
biotic
pup
s by
mace (Myristica fragrans
anim
al per day
metab
olizing en
zymes in the F1
Hou
tt) JEthno
pha
rm 199
4ad
ministered by oral
proge
ny w
as studied O
nly 14-day
-old
42(3)1
69ndash1
77
gava
ge to dam
s day
1 of
pup
s of dam
s receiving either m
ace
lactation an
d con
tinu
eddose sh
owed
significantly inc
reased
for 14
21 day
she
patic glutathion
e pe
roxidase leve
ls
Myristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg D
ose of
Mice
Mod
ifying
poten
tial of areca nu
t on
Sing
h A R
ao A
R M
odulatory effect
05
or 1
mace
the induc
tion
of the he
patic
of A
reca nut in the
action of m
ace
detox
ification sy
stem
in mice by
(Myristica fragrans H
outt) on
the
mace was studied At 05
and
1
hepa
tic detox
ification sy
stem
in
mace in the
diet areca nu
t reduc
edmice Foo
d C
hem T
oxicol 199
3mace-induc
ed inc
reases in he
patic
31(7)5
17ndash5
21
glutathion
e S-tran
sferase an
dsu
lfhy
dryl lev
els an
d eleva
ted furthe
rincrea
ses in lev
els of cytoc
hrom
e b5
and P45
0
466
Myristica fragrans
1 caps
ule 3
3per day
30 patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR C
linical eva
luation of
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
compo
site A
yurved
ic dru
gs on
co
ntaining
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus50
mg
ureters or
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urinary blad
der Aryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
blad
ders
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
mg Eclipta alba
100
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
mg Myristica fragrans
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
10 m
g Tinospora
greater than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
cordifolia10
0 mg
Tribulus terrestris5
0mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gMyristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg Oral
Mice with
Declin
e in the
inc
iden
ce of carcinom
as
Hus
sain SP R
ao A
R C
hemop
reve
ntive
administration of 10 mg
induc
edwas highly sign
ifican
t co
mpared
to
action
of mace (Myristica fragrans
per m
ouse per day
for 7
carcinog
enesis
controls
Hou
tt) on
methy
lcho
lanthren
e-day
s be
fore and
90 day
sin uterine
induced carcino
gene
sis in the
after carcinog
en threa
dcervix
uterine cervix in mice C
ancer Le
ttinserted
1991
56(3)231
ndash234
Myristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg Animals
Mice
A significant declin
e of skin pa
pillo
ma
Jann
u LN e
t al Che
mop
reve
ntive
received
diet of 1
inciden
ce com
pared
to co
ntrols
action
of mace (Myristica fragrans
mace
was obs
erve
d
Hou
tt) on
DBMA-ind
uced pa
pillo-
mag
enesis in the skin of mice
Can
cer Lett 19
9156(1)59ndash
63
Myristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg 1
or
Mice
A significant inc
rease in glutathione
Kumari MV Rao
AR Effect of
2 m
ace diet for 10
S-tran
sferase activity and
in acid
mace (Myristica fragrans
Hou
tt)
day
ssoluble su
lfhy
dryl grou
ps in the
liver
on cytosolic glutathione
S-
was noted
tran
sferase activity and
acid soluble
sulfhy
dryl leve
l in m
ouse liver
Can
cer Lett 19
891546
(2)8
7ndash91
Nardostachys
Each tablet con
tains 10
039
patients with
Preparation was eva
luated
for clin
ical
Ran
i PU
Naidu UR S
ubjective an
djatamansi
(D
mg of alcoh
olic extract
insomnia
efficacy
and
safety in ins
omnia by
polyso
mno
grap
hic ev
aluation of a
Don
) DC
of roo
t of Rauwolfia
subjective
and
polysom
nograp
hic
herbal prepa
ration
in insomnia
VALERIA
NACEAE
serpentina 10
0 mg of
metho
d The
prepa
ration
produc
edPh
ytom
edicine 19
985(4)2
53ndash2
57
Jataman
sirh
izom
e pow
der of
sign
ifican
t im
prov
emen
t in sleep
Musk roo
tNardostachys jatamansi
parameters The
preparation did not
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
467
(continued)
and 100
mg aq
ueou
sproduc
e an
y feeling of han
gove
r or
extract of roo
t stem
day
tim
e sleeplessn
ess 11 pa
tien
tsleaf of Tinospora
complained
of mild
epigastric distress
cordifolia
2 tab
lets at
after the test dru
g It can be
con
cluded
bedtime for 21
day
sthe prepa
ration
had
goo
d hyp
notic
activity and
can
be us
ed in insomnia
Nardostachys
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of
topical
jatamansi
Glycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plic
ations of he
rbal formulations
Holarrhena
comparative
mixtures Successful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
antidysenterica
study 49
grou
ps A
and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative
study
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
JMed
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Santalum
album
ad
ults with
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
trea
tmen
t prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
sTerminalia chebula
mod
erate
of action remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
facial acn
eNardostachys
Alcoh
olic extract of the
Male albino
The
se data indicate an
ove
rall
Prab
hu V
et al E
ffects of Nardostachys
jatamansi
roots of Nardostachys
Wistar rats
sign
ifican
t increase in the leve
ls of
jatamansi
on bioge
nic am
ines and
jatamansi
central mon
oamines and
inh
ibitory
inhibitory amino acids in the
rat
amino acids
brain Planta Med
199460(2)1
14ndash117
Nardostachys
50 extract of Curcuma
Rats
The
extracts increased H
DL-total
Dixit V
P e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic
jatamansi
longaan
d Nardostachys
cholesterol ratio an
d also caus
ed a
effects of Curcuma LongaL and
jatamansi
(who
le plant)
sign
ifican
t decrease in the
ratio of
Nardostachys jatamansi D
C in
total ch
olesterolph
ospho
lipid
triton
-ind
uced
hyp
erlip
idae
mic
Curcuma longaex
hibited better
rats Ind
ian JP
hysiol Pha
rmacol
cholesterol an
d triglyc
eride decreas-
1988
32(4)299
ndash304
ing activity tha
n Nardostachys
jatamansi
Nardostachys
Essen
tial oils
of Mentha
Molds an
dThe
se oils
were fung
istatic or
Sarbho
y AK et al Efficacy of som
e jatamansi
arvensis M
entha
fung
usfung
icidal to on
e or the
other m
olds
essential oils and
the
ir con
stituen
ts
piperita Anethum
sowa
dep
ending on
the
con
centration
son
few
ubiqu
itous
molds
Zen
tralbl
Cymbogopon winterianus
Bak
teriol [Natur
wiss] 197
813
3(7ndash
8)
Nardostachys jatamansi
723ndash
725
and Commiphora mukul
Nardostachys
Active princ
iple of
Rab
bits d
ogs
Antiarrhy
thmic action of Nardostachys
Arora R
B M
adan
BR A
ntiarrhy
th-
jatamansi
Nardostachys jatamansi
cats mice
jatamansi
and quinidine were
mics Part III Antiarrhy
thmic
inve
stigated
Com
pared
on the electro-
activity of Nardostachys jatamansi
card
iogram
Nardostachys jatamansi
(an Indian indigen
ous dr
ug)
caus
ed a decrease in the
prolong
ation
Ind J M
ed R
es 195
644
(2)2
59ndash2
69
of refractory period and
a decreased
slow
ing of con
duction a distinc
tad
vantag
e ov
er quinidine Nardostachys
jatamansi
may
be us
eful in cases of
auricu
lar flutter
468
Nelum
bo nucifera
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats
The
extract produced a significant
Mukh
erjee PK
et al Antipyretic
Gaertn
Nelum
bo nucifera
dose-dep
enden
t decrease of normal
activity of Nelum
bo nucifera
rhizom
e NELUMBONACEAE
rhizom
e D
oses of 20
0bo
dy temperatur
e an
d a yea
st-
extract Indian
J Exp
Biol 19
9634(3)
Kam
al30
0 or 40
0 mg
kgprovo
ked inc
rease of bod
y27
5ndash27
6Sa
cred
lotus
temperature The
effect produc
ed w
ascomparab
le w
ith the an
tipy
retic dru
gparacetam
ol
Nelum
bo nucifera
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats an
dThe
extract w
as fou
nd to cause a
Mukh
erjee PK
et al Studies on
rhizom
es of Nelum
bomice
reduc
tion
in sp
ontane
ous activity a
psych
opha
rmacolog
ical effects of
nucifera
decrease in exp
loratory beh
avioral
Nelum
bo nucifera
Gaertn rhizo
me
patterns a decrease in m
uscle relax
ant
extract JE
thno
pharm 199
654
(2ndash3
)activity and
it sign
ifican
tly
63ndash6
7poten
tiated
the
pen
toba
rbiton
einduc
ed sleep
ing time
Nelum
bo nucifera
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats
The
extract-treated
animals sh
owed
Mukh
erjee PK
et al Antidiarrho
eal
rhizom
es of Nelum
bosign
ifican
t inhibitory activity ag
ains
tev
alua
tion
of Nelum
bo nucifera
nucifera
castor oil induced diarrhe
a an
drhizom
e ex
tract Indian
J Pha
rmacol
inhibited significantly PGE-2induced
1995
27(4)262
ndash264
en
teropoo
ling in rats It also sho
wed
sign
ifican
t decreases in ga
strointestinal
motility after a cha
rcoa
l mea
lNelum
bo nucifera
Decoction
of Crataegus
Human
sThe
decoc
tion
produced a red
uction
La Cou
r B e
t al Traditiona
l Chine
se
cuneata Nelum
boof triglyc
eride an
d cho
lesterol
med
icine in treatmen
t of hyp
er-
nucifera
and
lipidae
mia J Ethno
pharm 1995
Gynostemma
46(2)1
25ndash1
29
pentaphylla
Nelum
bo nucifera
Pow
dered
sun-dried
Normal
Study of gluco
se toleran
ce cur
ves sh
ows
Hur
alikuppi A
B et al Anti-diabe
tic
flow
ers (test dru
g) and
albino
that duration
of hy
perglyc
emia w
as
effect of Nelum
bo nucifera
(Gae
rtn)
aqueo
us an
d alco
holic
rabb
its
notably reduc
ed com
pared
with co
ntrols
Part I prelim
inary stud
ies in rab
bits
extracts of Nelum
boThe
extracts effects were co
mpa
rable
Phy
tother R
es 199
15(2)54ndash
58
nucifera
to tha
t pr
oduc
ed by 25
0 mg
kg of
tolbutamide The
extracts sign
ifican
tly
dep
ressed
hyp
erglyc
emia ind
uced
by
adrena
line hy
droch
loride
Nelum
bo nucifera
Air-dried
flowers of
Normal rats
Lon
g-term
administration of extracts
Hur
alikuppi JC et al Antidiabe
tic
Nelum
bo nucifera
diabe
tic
did not produce sustaine
d fall of fasting
effect of Nelum
bo nucifera
(Gae
rtn)
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPH
ARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
469
(continued)
fine
ly pow
dered
rabb
its
bloo
d suga
r leve
ls altho
ugh
daily
extract Part II P
hytother R
es 199
1aq
ueo
us an
d alcoh
olic
doses cau
sed hyp
oglycemia as an
521
7ndash22
3ex
tracts
acute effect The
extracts sh
owed
acute and
chron
ic effects in su
ppress-
ing hy
perglycemia bu
t were less
potent tha
n stan
dard dru
gs T
heextract sign
ifican
tly im
prov
ed gluco
setoleranc
eNelum
bo nucifera
Nefereine
alkaloid extracted
Cats
The
results ind
icate that neferine an
dLi GR e
t al Effects of ne
ferine
on
from
the
green
seed
quinidine ha
ve sim
ilar effects on
heart
heart electrom
echa
nical activity in
embryo
of Nelum
bo
electrom
echa
nical activity
anae
sthe
tized cats [Chine
se]
nucifera D
ose of 1ndash1
0 Chu
ng-K
uo Yao
Li Hsu
eh Pao
-mg
kg IV
Acta Pha
rmacolog
ica Sinica 199
011
158
ndash161
Nyctanthes arbor-
Water soluble fraction
of
Mice
Oral ad
ministraton
of the ex
tract sh
owed
Pau
l BN Sa
xena
AK Dep
letion
of
tristisL
the etha
nolic
extract of
a co
nsistent dep
letion
of tumor necrosis
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
in
OLEACEAE
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
factor-a
(TNF-
a) from
the
host plasma
mice by
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Parijata
Varying
doses of 1 10
The
extract also reduced plasma
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
756
(2)1
53ndash1
58
Night ja
smine
50 a
nd 100
mg
interferon
-g lev
el but the plasm
a im
mun
oglobu
lin M
(IgM) an
d immuno
-glob
ulin G
(IgG) leve
ls w
ere no
t affected
The
extract m
ay be effective
in clin
ical disorders in the
man
agem
ent
of TNF-
a
Nyctanthes arbor-
50 ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Strong
stimulation
of an
tige
n sp
ecific
Pur
i A et al Im
muno
stim
ulant
tristis
seed
s flowers an
dan
d non
specific immun
ity was noted
activity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
leav
es of Nyctanthes
Max
imum activity foun
d in seed
s in
L J Ethno
pha
rm 199
442
(1)
arbor-tristisOral do
sewhich
the
active princ
iple app
eared
31ndash3
7of 25 mg
kg per day
for
asso
ciated
with lip
ids In flow
ers an
d7 day
sleav
es the
major activity was fou
ndin the
aqu
eous fraction
of the 50
etha
nol ex
tract
Nyctanthes arbor-
Water-solub
le portion
of
Rats
The
extract exh
ibited
significant asp
irin-
Saxena
RS et al A
nalgesic a
ntipyretic
tristis
an ethan
olic extract of
like an
tino
ciceptive
activity bu
t faile
d
and ulcerog
enic activity of
leav
es of Nyctanthes
to produce m
orph
ine-lik
e an
alge
sia
Nyctanthes arbor-tristisleaf extract
arbor-tristis
The
ex
tract was also foun
d to possess
JEthno
pharm 198
719
(2)1
93ndash2
00
antipyretic activity an
d produ
ced gastric
ulcers
Nyctanthes arbor-
Water-solub
le portion
of
Rats
The
extract inh
ibited
acu
te inflammatory
Saxe
na R
S et al S
tudy of anti-inflam
-tristis
an ethan
olic extract of
edem
a induced in the hind
paw and
matory activity in the leav
es of
the leav
es of Nyctanthes
sign
ifican
tly decreased
acu
te inflam-
Nyc
tanthe
s arbo
r tristis Linn
arbor-tristis
Ex
tract
matory sw
ellin
g on
the
kne
e joint
mdashAn Indian med
icinal plant J
administered orally
in
Acu
te and
chron
ic pha
ses of ind
uced
Ethno
pharm 198
411
(3)3
19ndash3
30
doses ran
ging
from 05
arthritis an
d the
inflammation produc
ed
to 80 gkg
by immuno
logic metho
ds were also
sign
ifican
tly inhibited
470
Ocimum
sanctum
L
Aqu
eous
extract of the
Mice
The
extract administered with radio-
Gan
asou
ndari A et al Mod
ification
LABIATAE
leav
es of Ocimum
therap
y ga
ve a highe
r stem
cell
of bon
e marrow rad
iosens
itivity
Tulsi
sanctum
survival rate (p
005
) co
mpa
red to
by m
edicinal plant extracts Br J
Holy ba
sil
WR-272
1 an
d rad
iotherap
y W
hile
Rad
iol 19
9770(83
4)599
ndash602
W
R-272
1 ha
d a tox
ic effect Ocimum
sanctum
trea
tmen
t sh
owed
no su
cheffect
Ocimum
sanctum
Ocimum
sanctum
fixe
dInduc
edOcimum
sanctum
oil an
d linoleic acid
Sing
h S M
ajumdar D
K E
valuation
oil
paw
edem
awere found
to po
ssess sign
ifican
tof antiin
flam
matory activity of
antiinflam
matory activity
fatty acids of Ocimum
sanctum
fixe
d oil Ind
ian J Exp
Biol 19
97
35(4)3
80ndash3
83
Ocimum
sanctum
Ethan
olic extract of
Rats
Treatmen
t with the extract preve
nted
Sembu
linga
m K
et al Effect of
Ocimum
sanctum
chan
ges in the
plasm
a leve
l of
Ocimum
sanctum
Linn on
noise
corticosterone
ind
uced exp
osur
e to
induced cha
nges in plasma
both acu
te and
chr
onic noise stress
tico
steron
e leve
l Indian JP
hysiol
Pha
rmacol 199
741
(2)1
39ndash1
43
Ocimum
sanctum
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
ergly-
The
formulation
had
little effect on
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
sanctum Picrorhiza
cemic rats
bloo
d sug
ar con
centration
s bu
t doses
Trasina
an
Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
induc
ed a dose-related decrease in
form
ulation
on pan
crea
tic islet
cordifolia Withania
streptozo
tocin (STZ) hy
perglyc
emia
supe
roxide dismutase activity in
somniferaD
oses 1
00
and atten
uation
of ST
Z ind
uced a
hyperglyc
aemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
200 mg
kg PO
13decrease in islet sup
erox
ide dismutase
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
day
for 28 day
sactivity in eu
glyc
emic rats
Ocimum
sanctum
Lea
f ex
tract of Ocimum
Mice
Ocimum
sanctum
extract sign
ifican
tly
Gan
asou
ndari A et al Protection
sanctum
reduc
ed the
gen
eration of hyd
roxy
lag
ainst radiation
-ind
uced chr
omo-
radical
some dam
age in m
ouse bon
e marrow by Ocimum
sanctum
Mutat
Res 199
737
3(2)271
ndash276
Ocimum
sanctum
Ocimum
sanctum
leaf
Diabe
tic rats
Obs
erva
tion
s indicate a sign
ifican
tRai V
et al Effect of T
ulasi (Ocimum
pow
der
hypo
glyc
emic and
hyp
olipidem
icsanctum) leaf pow
der supp
lemen
ta-
effect on diabe
tic rats
tion
on bloo
d sug
ar lev
els serum
lip
ids an
d tissu
e in diabe
tic rats
Plant Foo
ds Hum
Nutr 19
9750(1)
9ndash16
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
471
Ocimum
sanctum
Fixe
d oil of Ocimum
Induc
ed paw
Oil of Ocimum
sanctum
was fou
nd to
Sing
h S et al Ev
aluation of anti-
sanctum
edem
a in rats
possess significant anti-inflam
matory
inflam
matory poten
tial of fixe
d oil
activity aga
inst carrage
enan
- an
d other
of Ocimum
sanctum
(Holy ba
sil)
med
iator-induced paw
edem
a in rats
and its pos
sible mecha
nism
of
action
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
654
(1)
19ndash2
6Ocimum
sanctum
Extract of Ocimum
Con
trolled
Results indicated
a significant decrease
Agraw
al P e
t al Ran
domized
sanctum
sing
le blin
din fasting
pos
tprand
ial bloo
d gluco
se
placebo
-con
trolled s
ingle blind
trial hu
man
sleve
ls dur
ing trea
tmen
t with ho
ly basil
trial of holy ba
sil leav
es in patients
leav
es com
pared
to trea
tmen
t with
with no
nins
ulin
-dep
enden
t Diabetes
placebo
leave
smellitus Int JC
lin Ph
armacol The
r 19
9634(9)406
ndash409
Ocimum
sanctum
Alcoh
olic extract of Ocimum
Mice
The
extract significantly inc
reased
Ban
erjee S et al M
odulatory
sanctum
leav
es 40
0 an
d
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d glutathione
influen
ce of alco
holic
extract of
800 mg
kg bod
y weigh
t S-tran
sferase leve
ls tha
t are
Ocimum leave
s on
carcino
gen-
for 15 day
sim
portant in the detox
ification of
metab
olizing en
zyme activities and
carcinog
ens as w
ell as m
utag
ens
reduc
ed glutathione
lev
els in m
ouse
Nutr C
ancer 19
9625(2)205
ndash217
Ocimum
sanctum
Water and
aqu
eous
Albino mice
The
water extract w
as m
ore radio-
Dev
i PU G
anasou
ndari A R
adio-
etha
nolic
extract of
protective than
the
aqu
eous
protective effect of leaf extract on
Ocimum
sanctum
etha
nolic
extract and
less toxic
Indian med
icinal plant Ocimum
sanctum Indian J Exp
Biol 19
95
33(3)2
05ndash2
08
Ocimum
sanctum
Fresh leav
es of Ocimum
Albino rats
Sign
ifican
t redu
ction in serum
total
Sarkar A
et al Cha
nges in the bloo
d
sanctum
mixed
as 1 g
cholesterol triglyceride
s pho
spho
-lip
id profile after administration of
and 2 g in 10
0 g
lipid and
LDL a
nd significantly
Ocimum sanctum
(Tulsi) leav
es in the
of diet for 4 weeks
increa
sed H
DL and
total fecal
norm
al albino rabb
its Ind
ian J Ph
ysiol
sterol con
tents was obs
erve
d
Pha
rmacol 199
438
(4)3
11ndash3
12
Ocimum
sanctum
Ethan
olic extract of Ocimum
Mice with indu
ced
Sign
ifican
t redu
ction in tumor inc
iden
ce
Prasha
r R et al Che
mop
reve
ntive
sanctum
leav
es Top
ical
skin pap
illom
aav
erag
e nu
mbe
r of tumors
tumor-
action
by an
extract from Ocimum
administration
gene
sis
bearing mice an
d cumulative nu
mbe
r sanctum
on m
ouse skin pap
illom
a-of pap
illom
as w
as observe
d
gene
sis an
d its
enh
ancemen
t of skin
glutathion
e S-tans
ferase activity
and
acid solub
le sulfyd
ryl leve
l Anti-
canc
er D
rugs
199
45(5)567
ndash572
Ocimum
sanctum
Alcoh
olic extract of Ocimum
Diabe
tic rats
Marke
d lowering of blood
suga
r leve
l in
Cha
ttop
adhy
ay R
R Hyp
oglycemic
sanctum
leav
es admin-
norm
al gluco
se fed
hyp
erglyc
emic and
effect of Ocimum
sanctum
leaf
istered orally
streptozo
tocin induced diab
etic rats was
extract in normal and
strep
to-
noted T
he extract poten
tiated
action of
zotocin diabe
tic rats Indian
exog
enou
s insu
lin in no
rmal rats
JExp
Biol 19
9331(11
)891
ndash893
Ocimum
sanctum
Extract of Ocimum
Rats
The
extract red
uced ulcer index
free an
d
Man
dal S et al Ocimum
sanctum
sanctum
total acidity on
sho
rt-term and
lon
g-Linnmdash
A study on
gastric ulceration
term
administration
and gastric secretion
in rats Ind
JPhy
siol Pha
rmacol 199
337
(1)
91ndash9
2
(continued)
472
Ocimum
sanctum
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
d rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
sanctum
leav
es an
d Papaver
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
somnifera
seed
s sign
ifican
tly
Indian plan
t produc
ts Fo
od C
hem
asafoetida Moringa
inhibited neo
plasia alon
e The
seTox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
oleifera O
cimum
plan
ts m
ay prove
to be
valuab
lesanctum Papaver
anticarcinog
ens
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Ocimum
sanctum
Ethan
ol extract of the
Mice an
d rats
Ocimum
sanctum
extract was screene
d
Sakina
MR e
t al Pr
elim
inary
leav
es of Ocimum
for its effect on the central ne
rvou
s ps
ycho
pha
rmacolog
ical eva
luation
sanctum
system
Halop
eridol and
sulpride D
2 of Ocimum
sanctum
leaf ex
tract
receptor an
tago
nists whe
n give
n JE
thno
pharm 199
028
143
ndash150
with Ocimum
extract fully
block
ed
the effect of the latter sugg
esting
a po
ssible D
2 receptor mecha
nism
for Ocimum
extract
Ocimum
sanctum
Metha
nol ex
tract an
d an
Albino rats
The
results of the
study
sugg
est a
God
hwan
i S et al Ocimum
sanctum
mdashaq
ueo
us su
spen
sion
of
immuno
stim
ulant cap
ability for
A prelim
inary stud
y ev
aluating its
Ocimum
sanctum
leav
esOcimum
sanctum
that m
ay be
immuno
regu
latory profile in
contribu
tory in ex
plaining
the
albino
rats JEthn
opha
rmad
aptoge
nic action
of the plan
t19
882419
3ndash19
8Ocimum
sanctum
Metha
nol an
d aqu
eous
Rats an
d m
ice
Both ex
tracts inh
ibited
acu
te as well
God
hwan
i S et al Ocimum
sanctum
su
spen
sion
of Ocimum
as chr
onic inflammation in rats The
An ex
perim
ental study ev
alua
ting
sanctum
anti-inflammatory resp
onse of 50
0its an
ti-inflammatory ana
lgesic
mg
kg of metha
nol ex
tract an
dan
d antipyretic activity in animals
aque
ous su
spen
sion
was com
parab
leJE
thno
pharm 198
721
153
ndash163
to the
respon
se observe
d w
ith 30
0mg
kg of so
dium salicylate
Oryza sativaL
Oryza sativa-water
Rat m
odel of
All so
lution
s either decreased
cho
lera
Rolston
DD et al Fo
od-based
GRAMIN
EAE
Eleusine coracana
-secretory
toxin-induc
ed net w
ater secretion
solution
s are a viab
le alterna
tive
Sa
liwater Maranta
diarrh
ea(Maranta arundinacea) or rev
ersed it
to gluco
se-electrolyte solutions
for
Sali
arundinacea Cocos
to net absorption
Eleusine coracana
oral hyd
ration
in acute diarrho
eamdash
mucifera-w
ater W
HO-
water produc
ed m
axim
um net w
ater
Stud
ies in a rat m
odel of secretory
oral reh
ydration
abso
rption
significantly greater tha
ndiarrho
ea Trans
R Soc
Trop M
edso
lution
(ORS)
the W
HO-O
RS
Hyg
iene
199
084
(1)1
56ndash1
59
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
473
Oryza sativa
Water extract of Oryza
Mice
The
extract significantly red
uced the
Hikino H et al Isolation an
d hyp
o-sativa
bran
IP
plasma su
gar leve
l Fraction
ation an
dglyc
emic activity of oryza
bran
s A
administration
mon
itoring the activity of furn
ishe
dB C an
d D
glyc
ans of Oryza sativa
4 glyc
ans oryza
-brans
A B
C an
d D
bran
Plan
ta M
ed 198
854
1ndash3
resu
lted
The
se polysacch
arides
exerted marke
d hyp
oglycemic effects
in normal and
ind
uced hy
perglyc
emic
mice
Oryza sativa
Rice pow
der
Con
trolled
Rice po
wder oral rehy
dration
solution
Moh
an M
et al Rice pow
der
ORS co
mpa
red to
rand
omized
is safe effective
and
an acceptable
oral reh
ydration
solution
as an
stan
dard gluco
se-
trial 50
male
altern
ative to stand
ard W
HO gluco
se-
altern
ative to gluco
se electrolyte
electrolyte
child
ren
electrolyte so
lution
for the
treatmen
tso
lution
Indian JM
ed R
es 198
8of acu
te diarrhe
a in infan
ts and
87234
ndash239
ch
ildren
Paederia foetidaL
Butano
l fraction
of a
Rats
The
extract produ
ced a significant
De S et al Inv
estiga
tion
of the an
ti-
RUBIACEAE
metha
nol ex
tract of the
inhibition
of gran
ulation
tissu
e for-
inflam
matory effects of Paederia
Prada
rini
defatted lea
ves of
mation in cotton-pe
llet im
plan
ted rats
foetida J Ethno
pha
rm 199
443
(1)
Chine
se flower
Paederia foetida 100
and inh
ibited
the
eleva
tion
of seru
m31
ndash38
plant
and 20
0 mg
kg IP
orosom
ucold lev
els R
esults indicate a
injection daily for 7 day
sration
al for the
use of the ex
tract to
trea
t inflam
matory disorders
Paederia foetida
Water soluble fraction
Rats an
d m
ice
Anti-inflam
matory activity obs
erve
dSing
h S et al Anti-inflam
matory
of Paederia foetida
in ind
uced
edem
a in rats an
d m
ice
activity of Paederia foetida
also in long
-term m
odels of adjuva
ntFitoterapia 199
464
(4)3
57ndash3
62
and formaldeh
yde arthritis
Paederia foetida
Dried
unripe fruit pow
der
Ran
dom
ized
Treatmen
t with all these plan
ts did not
Haide
r R et al Eva
luation of ind
ige-
of Aegle marmelos dried
dou
ble-blind
show
any
clin
ical improve
men
t or
nous plants in the
treatmen
t of
pow
der plant of
clinical trial
bacteriological cu
re as compared
to
acute sh
igellosis Trop Geo
gr M
ed
Hydrocotyle asiatica
82 m
en w
ith
ampicillin
1991
43(3)266
ndash270
dried
pow
der of
shigellosis
Paederia foetida
Peucedanum
Peucedanum graveolensan
dHum
an con
sump-
Loc
ally grown food
was studied for
Desai S et al Com
pen
dium of
graveolens
(L)
Chenopodium
album
astion
its
b-caroten
e co
nten
t to preve
ntdietary sou
rces of vitamin A
in the
CB Clarke
a food
sou
rce
nutritiona
l blindne
ss W
omen
of west
Tha
r desert Indian JO
phtha
lmol
UMBELLIFERAE
Rajasthan
were interviewed
to
1992
40(4)106
ndash108
Misroya
determine co
mmon
dietary items O
fSa
tapu
shpi
food
s selected
on
ly Peucedanum
Indian dill
graveolens
and Chenopodium
album
at 100
g provided
RDA for a 1ndash3
-ye
ar-old-child
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plan
ts significantly inh
ibited
the
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of som
e Indian
Roy
le ex Ben
th
Picrorhiza kurrooa
carcinog
en och
ratoxin-indu
ced
herbs on
macroph
age func
tion
s SC
ROPH
ULA
RIA
CEA
ETinospora cordifolia
supp
ression of che
motactic activity
in och
ratoxin A treated
mice J
Katula K
atki
Withania somnifera
and the
produc
tion
of interleu
kin-1
Ethno
pha
rm 199
758
15ndash
20
Kuru
and TNF-
aby
macroph
ages
(continued)
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
erglye
mic
Herba
l form
ulation
had
little effect on
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
sanctum Picrorhiza
rats
bloo
d suga
r co
ncen
trations
but dos
esTrasina
an Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
induced a dose-related decrease in
form
ulation
on pa
ncreatic islet
cordifolia W
ithania
STZ hyp
erglyc
emia an
d atten
uation
superox
ide dismutase activity in
somniferaDoses 100
of STZ ind
uced a decrease in islet
hyperglyc
aemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
200 mg
kg PO
13su
peroxide dismutase activity in
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
per day
for 28 day
seu
glyc
aemic rats
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
(12
mg
kg P
O)
Rats
After exp
osur
e to alcoh
ol Picroliv
Rastogi R
et al Picroliv
protects
an iridoid glyco
side
reduced the
deg
ree of cha
nge in m
ost
agains
t alco
hol-induced chron
ic
fraction
of Picrorrhiza
of the
param
eters induced by alco
hol
hepatotox
icity in rats Planta Med
kurrooa
1996
62(3)283
ndash285
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroside 1 an
d 2
Ran
dom
ized
The
present study ha
s sh
own a
Vaidya
AB e
t al Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picrorhiza kurrooaroot
dou
ble-blind
biolog
ical plausibility of efficacy of
(Kutaki) Roy
le ex Ben
th as a
pow
der 375
mg 33
placebo
-Picrorhiza kurrooaas supp
orted by
hepatop
rotective ag
entmdash
per day
was given
for
controlle
dclinical trial in viral he
patitis
Exp
erim
ental amp
clinical studies J
2 weeks
(n
515
) or a
trial patients
hepatop
rotection in animal m
odel
Postgrad
Med
199
642
(4)1
05ndash108
match
ing placebo
with acute
and an ap
proach for stan
dardizing
(n5
18)
viral he
patitis
extracts based
on picroside
con
tent
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were pr
ophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Proph
ylactic therap
y Boerhavia diffusa
septicemia
administered pos
tinfective
pr
einfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicem
ia in
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
Salmonella
sing
le and
multiple doses of ex
tract
mice with a trad
itiona
lly prescribe
d
Terminalia chebula
typhi
and had
a significant the
rape
utic
crude dru
g form
ulation JEthno
-Tinospora cordifolia
effect in reducing
sep
ticemia
pharm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aq
ueo
us alco
hol etha
nol
1 stock
solution
used
to prepare dilu
tion
sOral or sub
cutane
ous
administration
Picrorhiza kurrooa
50 ethan
olic extract
Exp
erim
ental
The
extract w
as fou
nd to stim
ulate
Sharma ML et al Immuno
stim
ulatory
Picrorhiza kurrooa
anim
als
cell-med
iated and
hum
oral
activity of Picrorhiza kurrooaleaf
doses ran
ged from 25ndash
compo
nents of the
immune
system as
extract J Ethno
pharm 199
441
(3)
200 mg
kgwell as pha
gocy
tosis
185ndash
192
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv Iridoid glyco
side
Rats
Picroliv
can
rev
erse D-galactosamine- or
Dwived
i Y et al Perfusion
with
fraction
of Picrorhiza
thioacetam
ide-induced he
patic dam
age
picroliv rev
erses bioc
hemical
kurrooa
chan
ges induced in liv
ers of rats
474
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
toxicated w
ith ga
lactos
amine
or thioc
etam
ide Planta Med
199
359
(5)4
18ndash4
20
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Picroliv w
as given
to aflatoxin B1 toxicated
Dwived
i Y e
t al Picroliv
protects
fraction
of Picrorhiza
rats the
majority of the
bioch
emical
against aflatoxin B1
acu
tehe
patotox-
kurrooa25
mg
kg for 7
and histological ch
ange
s were sign
ifican
tly
icity in rats Pha
rmacol R
es
day
sprotected
19
9327(2)189
ndash199
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Mice
Picroliv significantly inc
reased
immuno
-Pu
ri A
et al Im
mun
ostimulan
t fraction
of Picrorhiza
stim
ulant activity
activity of Picroliv
the
iridoid
kurrooa 10
mg
kg
glyc
oside fraction
of Picrorhiza
for 7 da
yskurrooa and
its protective action
ag
ains
t Leish
man
ia don
ovan
i infection in ham
sters Planta Med
1992
58(6)528
ndash532
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Sign
ifican
tly pr
even
ted bioch
emical
Dwided
i Y e
t al Picroliv and
its
fraction
of Picrorhiza
chan
ges in liver and
serum of
compon
ents kutkoside an
dkurrooa12
mg
kg for
galactos
amine-toxicated rats
picroside I protect liver aga
inst
7 day
sga
lactos
amine-induced da
mag
ein rats Pha
rmacol Tox
icol
1992
71(5)383
ndash387
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Pretreatmen
t with picroliv preve
nted
the
Ans
ari RA et al Antihep
atotox
ic
fraction
of Picrorhiza
hepatotox
ic effect of paracetam
ol and
properties of picroliv
and
active
kurrooa6ndash
12 m
gkg
galactos
amine as eviden
ced by va
riou
s fraction
from rhizo
mes of Picrorhiza
bioc
hemical and
histopatho
logic
kurrooa JEthno
pha
rm 199
134
ob
servations
61ndash6
8Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Whe
n picroliv w
as administered w
ith
Dwived
i Y e
t al Picroliv
protects
fraction
of Picrorhiza
mon
ocrotalin
e alterations
in most of
agains
t mon
ocrotalin
e-induced
kurrooa25
mg
kgthe bioc
hemical param
eters alon
ghe
patic dam
age in rats Pha
rmacol
with histop
atho
logic ch
ange
s in
Res 199
123
(4)3
99ndash4
07
liver cau
sed by mon
ocrotolin
e were
preve
nted
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats an
d guine
a Picroliv sho
wed
a dose-dep
enden
tSh
ukla S et al C
holeretic effect of
fraction
of Picrorhiza
pigs
choleretic effect an
d possessed
aprico
liv the
princ
iple of he
pato-
kurrooa15ndash12
mg
kgmarke
d anticho
lestatic effect ag
ains
tprotective Picrorhiza kurrooa
paracetam
ol- an
d ethyn
ylestrad
iol-
Planta Med
199
157
(1)2
9ndash33
induc
ed cho
lestasis Picroliv
was
found
to be
more po
tent tha
nsilymarin
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Picroliv preve
nted
most of the
Dwived
i Y e
t al Picroliv
affords
fraction
of Picrorhiza
bioc
hemical cha
nges ind
uced
by
protection ag
ains
t thioacetam
ide-
kurrooa12
5ndash1
2 mg
kgthiocetamide in liver and
serum
induc
ed hep
atic dam
age in rats
Picroliv
was fou
nd to be
com
parab
lePlanta Med
199
157
(1)2
5ndash28
to sily
marin
475
(continued)
Picrorhiza kurrooa
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sha
rma RK Man
agem
ent of
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica Patients with
cong
estive
cardiac failure w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic heart disease
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
card
iomyo
pathy
and
cor pulmon
ale
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash1
26
Cedrus deodara
were give
n pow
der of Inula
Picrorhiza kurrooa
racemosa
while patients with
Terminalia chebula
rheu
matic heart disease w
ere give
nTinospora cordifolia
Commiphora mukul After 2 w
eeks
Trichosantes lobata
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Inula racemosa2 g 8
completely 2 had
bradyc
ardia a
ndho
urly Commiphora
2 were refractory
mukul1
2 g 8 ho
urly
Urgenic indica10
0 mg
8 ho
urly
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picrolex
Hum
an trial
Vitiligo
cau
ses pigmen
tary disfigu
re-
Bed
i KL e
t al Picrorhiza kurrooa an
30 patients
men
t of the
skin due to defective
Ayu
rved
ic herb m
ay poten
tiate
ages 6ndash4
2func
tion
ing of m
elan
ocytes A
ll patients
pho
toch
emothe
rapy in vitiligo
J
resp
onded
to treatm
ent with picrolex
Ethno
pharm 198
927
(3)3
47ndash3
52
except 3
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Pow
dered
tub
erou
s root
Prelm
inary
Picrorhiza kurrooain bronc
hial asthm
a Rajaram
D A
prelim
inary clinical
of Picrorhiza kurrooa
clinical trial
show
ed tha
t of 36 pa
tien
ts 1
9 patients
trial of Picrorhiza kurrooain
75 m
g 23
per day
36 patients
had goo
d relief 9 sh
owed
satisfactory
bron
chial asthma Bom
bay Hosp
relie
f an
d 8 had
no relie
fJ1
97618
(2)6
6ndash69
Piper longum
L
Pippali Rasay
ana an
Con
trolled
Com
plete disap
pearan
ce of Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al Man
agem
ent of
PIPERACEAE
Ayu
rved
ic dru
gclinical trial
from
stools in 23
25 patients resu
lted
giardiasis by
a herba
l dru
g lsquoPippali
Pipali
prep
ared
from Butea
25 patients
Symptom
s of ill he
alth a
bdom
inal
Rasay
anarsquo A clin
ical study J
Lon
g pe
ppe
rmonospermastem
s an
dwith giardiasis
disco
mfort pr
esen
ce of muc
us pu
s cells
Ethno
pharm 199
756
(3)2
33ndash2
36
leav
es and
Piper longum
25 con
trols
and red
blood
cells w
as significantly
dried
fruits A
dministered
reduced Sp
ontane
ous reco
very in 20
at 1 g orally
33
per day
of the
cases w
as recorded
in placebo
for 15
day
sco
ntrol
Piper longum
Fruits of Piper longum
Rat
The
ethan
olic extract and
piperine
Gho
shal S e
t al Antiamoe
bic activity
etha
nol ex
tract an
dcu
red 90
and
40
of rats w
ith
of Piper longum
fruits aga
inst
piperine a pure
caecal amoe
biasis resp
ective
ly
Entam
oeba
histolytica in vitro an
d
compou
nd from the
vivo
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
650
(3)
plan
t16
7ndash17
0
476
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Piper longum
Rats fed for 8 w
eeks
the
Rat
Com
mon
spices or their active
princ
iples
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
follo
wing plants
were ex
amined
for the
ir pos
sible
dietary spices or the
ir active
Brassica species
influen
ce on the digestive
enz
ymes of
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes of
Capsicum annum
intestinal m
uco
sa Dietary curcumin
small intestinal m
ucosa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
caps
aicin piperine and
ginge
r prominen
tly
Int J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash59
Curcuma longa Ferula
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
foetida Piper longum
also the
disacch
aridases sucrase an
d
Piper nigrum
maltase D
ietary cum
in fenu
greek
Trigonella foenum-
mustard and
asafoetida brou
ght ab
out
graecum Zingiber
decreases in the leve
ls of pho
spha
tases
officinale
and suc
rase The
pos
itive influen
ces of
a go
od num
ber of spices on these term
inal
enzy
mes of the digestive
process cou
ld
be an ad
ditiona
l featur
e of species that
are ge
nerally
well recogn
ized
to
stim
ulate digestion
Piper longum
Pippali Rasay
ana
Two grou
ps
Mice infected
with Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al Man
agem
ent of
prep
ared
from Butea
of m
ice with
trop
hozo
ites produc
ed up to 98
giardiasis by an
immun
omod
ulatory
monospermastem
s an
da co
ntrol
reco
very from the
infection
he
rbal dru
g Pippa
li rasaya
na
leav
es and
Piper longum
JEthno
pha
rm 199
444
(3)1
43ndash1
46
dried
fru
its ad
ministered
orally
Piper longum
Piperine an active
Mice
The
princ
iple exerted
significant protec-
Kou
l IB K
apil A E
valuation of the
alka
loidal con
stituen
t of
tion
aga
inst ind
uced
hep
atox
icity
liver protective of piperine an
the ex
tract from
Piper
by decreasing bo
th in vitroan
d in
active
princ
iple of black an
d lon
g longum
and Piper
vivo
lipid perox
idation decreasing
pep
pers Planta Med
199
359
(5)
nigrum
enzy
matic lea
kage
an
d by preve
nting
413ndash
417
dep
letion
of GSH
and
total thiols
Piper longum
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
d rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
sanctum
Aru
na K
Siva
ramak
rish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
leav
es a
nd Papaver somnifera
seed
s Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian plant products Foo
d C
hem
asafoetida M
oringa
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
oleifera Ocimum
be valuab
le anticarcino
gens
sanctum Papaver
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Piper longum
Mixture of Glycyrrhiza
Rats
Duo
den
al ulcerated
rats trea
ted w
ith the
Nad
ar TS Pillai M
M Effect of
glabra Terminalia
mixture recov
ered
faster with co
ncom
itan
t Ayu
rved
ic m
edicines on be
ta-
chebula Piper longum
increa
se in
b-glucu
ronidase activity in the
glucu
ronidase activity of Bru
nnerrsquos
Bru
nnerrsquos gland
glan
ds during
recov
ery from
cy
stea
mine induced duod
enal
ulcers in rats Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
1989
27(11
)959
ndash962
477
(continued)
Piper longum
Spice princ
iples cap
saicin
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
liver
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
curcum
in pipe
rine
Plants
microso
mal cytoc
hrom
e P4
50-dep
enden
t of spices and
pice princ
iples on
Brassica Cinnamomum
aryl hyd
roxy
lase Cum
inum
cyminum
he
patic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
Zingiber officinalean
d Trigonella foenum-
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
cyminum
Ferula foetida
graecum
also stimulated
the
lev
els of
Bioph
ys 198
926
(4)2
54ndash2
58
Tamarindus indica
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
Trigonella foenum-graecum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
Zingiber officinale
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Piper longum
Eithe
r sing
le oral dose
Crossov
er trial
Results obtaine
d rev
ealed tha
t a sing
leBan
o G et al Effect of piperine on
(300
mg) of phe
nytoin
5 he
althy
daily dose of piperine for 7 day
spha
rmok
inetics of phe
nytoin in
alon
e or in co
mbina
tion
vo
lunteers
sign
ifican
tly reduced the
absorption
healthy vo
lunteers P
lanta Med
with multiple dos
es of
half-life prolong
ed the
elim
ination
19875356
8ndash56
9piperine
half-life and
produc
ed a significantly
high
er area und
er the
dru
g conc
en-
tration cu
rve of phe
nytoin in co
mpa
r-ison
to phe
nytoin alone
Piper longum
Piper longum Piper nigrum
Rats
Piperine increased the
blood
lev
els of
Atal CK e
t al Scientific eviden
ce on
and Zingiber officinale
vasicine
by ne
arly 233
Und
er the
the role of Ayu
rved
ic herba
ls on
influen
ce of piperine the
active
bioa
vaila
bility of dru
gs J
princ
iple of Pipersp
ecies sparteine
Ethno
pharm 198
14(2)229
ndash232
bloo
d lev
els increa
sed more than
100
Piper nigrum
L
Rats were fed the
following
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Sriniva
san K Influen
ce of
PIPERACEAE
plan
ts for 8 w
eeks
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or the
ir active
Maricha
Brassicasp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes of
Black pep
per
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
uco
sa D
ietary
small intestinal m
ucosa in rats Int
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcumin capsaicin p
iperine an
dJ Fo
od Sci N
utr 199
547
(1)5
5ndash59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprom
inen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases sucrase an
dTrigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species and
Ferula foetidabrou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
478
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
pho
spha
tases an
d su
crase T
hepositive influe
nces of a go
od numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
Piper nigrum
Piperine an active
Mice
The
princ
iple exe
rted
significant
Kou
l IB K
apil A E
valuation of the
alka
loidal con
stituen
t of
protection ag
ains
t indu
ced hep
atox
icity
liver protective of piperine an
the extract from
Piper
by decreasing bo
th in vitroan
d in
active
princ
iple of black an
d lon
g longum
and Piper
vivo
lipid perox
idation decreasing
pep
pers Planta Med
199
359
(5)
nigrum
enzy
matic leaka
ge an
d by preve
nting
413ndash
417
dep
letion
of GSH
and
total thiols
Piper nigrum
Piperine safrol an
d tan
nic
Mice
Safrol and
tan
nic acid w
ere weak
Wrba H e
t al Carcino
genicity
acid con
stituen
ts of Piper
carcinog
ens co
mpared
with methy
l-testing of som
e co
nstituen
ts of
nigrum
cholan
threne
tha
t was used as a
black pep
per (Piper nigrum) Exp
carcinog
enic con
trol substanc
e Force
Tox
icol Patho
l 19
9244(2)61ndash
65
feed
ing of d-lim
onen
e (a pep
per
terp
enoid) reduced the
ir carcino
genic
activity w
hile force feeding of
piperine (a black pep
per alkaloid) was
ineffective
Piper nigrum
Piperine a m
ajor
Rats
The
alkaloid poten
tiated
pen
toba
rbiton
e Mujumdar A
M e
t al Effect of
alka
loid iso
lated
sleeping time w
ith pea
k effects at 30
piperine on
pen
toba
rbiton
e from
Piper nigrum
minutes Blood
and
brain lev
els were
induced hyp
nosis in rats Ind
ian
high
er in piperine trea
ted animals
JExp
Biol 19
9028(5)486
ndash487
Piperine-treated rats treated
lon
g-term
with ph
enob
arbitone
significantly
poten
tiated
phe
noba
rbiton
e sleeping
time co
mpa
red to co
ntrols
Piper nigrum
Piper nigrum
fruit
Albino rats
A dose-dep
enden
t statistically
significant
Tripathi P et al Thy
roge
nic resp
onse
alco
holic
extract
enha
ncem
ent of the
tissu
e-ox
ygen
uptake
of Piper nigrum Fitoterapia 198
9was observe
d The
perox
idase activity
LX(6)5
39ndash5
42
in the
thy
roid tissu
e increa
sed at the
dose of 40 mg an
d 80 mg
kg Plasma
triio
dothy
ronine
and
thy
roxine
lev
els
were dos
e-dep
enden
t an
d significantly
increa
sed com
pared
to co
ntrols
Piper nigrum
Sing
le oral dose (300
mg)
Crossov
er trial
Results obtaine
d rev
ealed single daily
Ban
o G et al Effect of piperine on
of phe
nytoin alone
or in
5 he
althy
dose of piperine for 7 day
spha
rmok
inetics of phe
nytoin in
combina
tion
with multiple
volunteers
sign
ifican
tly decreased
the
abs
orption
healthy vo
lunteers P
lanta Med
doses of piperine
half-life prolong
ed the
elim
ination
19875356
8ndash56
9ha
lf-life and
produc
ed a significantly
high
er area und
er the
dru
gco
ncen
tration cu
rve of phe
nytoin in
compa
rison to phe
nytoin alone
479
(continued)
Piper nigrum
Piper nigrum
pow
der in
Hum
anResults sho
wed
Piper nigrum
powder
Desai H
G Kalro R
H Effect of black
doses of 02 04 gh
trial 20
doe
s no
t dam
age the hu
man
gastric
pep
per and
asafoetida on
the
DNA
and Ferula foetidain
healthy
muco
sa w
hereas Ferula foetidadoe
sco
nten
t of gastric asp
irates Ind
doses of 01 02 and
04
human
based on
the
rate of exfoliation
of the
JMed
Res 198
581
325
ndash329
g
h on
different day
svo
lunteers
surface ep
ithe
lial cells
of hu
man
gastric muc
osa
Piper nigrum
Piper longum Piper
Rats
Piperine increased the
blood
lev
els of
Atal CK e
t al Scientific eviden
ce on
nigrum
and Zingiber
vasicine
by ne
arly 233
Und
er the
the role of Ayu
rved
ic herba
ls on
officinale
influen
ce of piperine the
active
bioa
vaila
bility of dru
gs J Ethno
-princ
iple of Piper
species spa
rteine
pha
rm 198
14(2)229
ndash232
bloo
d lev
els increa
sed m
ore than
100
Prunus amygdalus
25 g almon
d seed and
Albino
Rab
bits sho
wed
a definite hy
pog
lycemic
Teo
tia S Singh
M H
ypog
lycemic
Batsch
its pr
oportion
ate
rabb
its
action
during
the
2-m
onth study
effect of Prunus amygdalusseed
s ROSA
CEAE
fraction
s 122 g defatted
in albino rabb
its Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
Bad
ama
seed
and
128 g oil
1997
35(3)295
ndash296
Alm
ond
Prunus amygdalus
Brassica rapa Prunus
Animals
All these plan
ts sho
wed
no toxicity
Quresh
i S et al Stud
ies on
herba
l amygdalus and
Zingiber
during
acu
te tox
icity tests A
ll plant
aphr
odisiacs used in Arab system
officinale
extracts significantly inc
reased
the
of m
edicine A
m J C
lin M
ed 1989
sperm m
otility and
spe
rm con
tents in
17(1ndash2
)57ndash
63
the ep
ididym
ides and
vas deferen
switho
ut pr
oduc
ing sp
ermatotox
iceffect
Pueraria tuberosa
DC
Butano
l extracts of
Rats
The
butano
l ex
tract ap
pears to be
Shukla S T
oxilo
gical studies of
LEGUMIN
OSA
EPueraria tuberosa
gene
rally
safe in rats at the
se acu
tePueraria tuberosa a po
tent anti-
Vidari
Dose of 150
mg
kgan
d sub
acute dos
age regimen
sfertility plant Int J Pha
rmacog
nosy
Vidari
administered for 6 1
2
1995
33(4)324
ndash329
18 an
d 24 day
sPueraria tuberosa
Butano
lic extracts of
Rats
Administration caused a sign
ifican
tSh
ukla S et al B
utano
lic extract of
Pueraria tuberosa
increa
se in the glyc
ogen
con
tents
Pueraria tuberosa
DC Ph
ysiological
protein con
centration
activity of acid
resp
onse in the ge
nital tract of
and alkaline ph
ospha
tase and
total
cyclic fem
ale rats P
hytother R
es
cholesterol in the
ova
ry uterus
1989
3(1)5
ndash10
cervix an
d vag
ina A
dministration
480
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
caus
ed m
etap
lastic cha
nges in
cervical epithe
lium w
ith marke
dke
ratinization
and
provo
ked
corn
ification in vag
inal epithe
lium
The
se cha
nges hav
e be
en correlated
with an
ti-implan
tation
action of the
butano
lic extract
Pueraria tuberosa
Butano
lic extracts of
Rats
Bioch
emical findings
supp
orted by
Shukla S et al P
hysiolog
y an
d bio-
Pueraria tuberosa
the histolog
ical observa
tion
s furthe
rch
emistry of fem
ale ge
nital tract of
confirm the
extroge
nic mod
e of action
ovariectom
ized
rats trea
ted w
ith
of the
butano
lic extract of Pueraria
butano
lic extract of Pueraria tuberosa
tuberosa
in adult ov
ariectom
ized
rats
Fitoterapia 1987LVII(1)9
ndash22
Pueraria tuberosa
Tube
rs of Pueraria
Rats m
ice and
Fraction
s of Pueraria tuberosa
possessed
Prak
ash AO et al Con
tracep
tive
tuberosa
hamsters
sign
ifican
t estrog
enic activity
poten
cy of Pueraria tuberosa
DC
and its hormon
al status A
cta Eur
Fertil 19
8516(1)59ndash
65
Pueraria tuberosa
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plants sh
owed
marke
d but
Prak
ash AO et al Anti-im
plan
tation
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of so
me indigen
ous plan
tsAdhatoda vasica
anti-implan
tation
activity
in rats A
cta Eur Fe
rtil 19
8516(6)
Citrulus colocynthus
441ndash44
8Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
Pueraria tuberosa
Cru
de pow
der pe
troleu
m
Rats
To study the co
ntraceptive
poten
cy of
Mathu
r R e
t al Effect of Pueraria
ethe
r an
d ben
zene
and
the ex
tract pe
troleu
m ether and
tuberosa
DC on the oe
strous cy
cle
etha
nolic
extracts of
benz
ene ex
tracts trans
form
ed the
of adult rats A
cta Eur Fertil 19
84
Pueraria tuberosa
diestru
s ph
ase into a prolong
ed15
(5)3
93ndash3
94
corn
ified stage
and
persisted
until the
last day
of treatm
ent The
cru
de
pow
der an
d ethan
olic extract also
induced cornification
but after day
thirteen
the
cornified
stage
cha
nged
to
the diestru
s stag
e
481
(continued)
Pueraria tuberosa
100 mg pue
raria for 2
Prosp
ective
Patients were trea
ted w
ith pue
raria for
Xiuxian
G Xiuqin L Rad
ix puerarie
years
coho
rt study
2 ye
ars The
ove
rall effective rate
in m
igraine C
hin Med
J19
7992(4)
53 patients
(migraine sy
mptoms reduced) was
260ndash
262
with migraine
83 w
itho
ut side effects
head
ache
s
Punica granatum
L
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plants sh
owed
marke
d bu
tPraka
sh A
O et al Anti-im
plantation
PUNIC
ACEAE
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of some indigen
ous plants
Dad
ima
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implan
tation
activity
in rats A
cta Eur
Fertil 19
8516(6)
Pomeg
rana
teCitrulus colocynthus
441ndash
448
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
Randia dumetorum
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plants sh
owed
marke
d bu
tPraka
sh A
O et al Anti-im
plantation
(Retz) Lam
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of some indigen
ous plants
RUBIA
CEAE
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implan
tation
activity
in rats A
cta Eur
Fertil 19
8516(6)
Mad
ana
Citrulus colocynthus
441ndash
448
Emetic nut
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
482
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Raphanus sativus L
Semipurified
dietary
Rats
The
effects of the three dietary fiber
Sann
oumaru Y et al Effects of
CRUCIFERAE
fibe
r (D
F) from
prepa
ration
s on
fecal steroid
semi-pu
rified
dietary fibers isolated
Moo
laka
Lagenaria siceraria
excretions
som
ewha
t differed
from
Lagenaria siceraria Raphanus
Rad
ish
Raphanus sativusan
ddep
ending on
the
dietary factors Fu
r-sativusan
d Lentinus edodes
on
Lentinus edodes
ther studies are warranted
to ex
amine
fecal steroid excretion
s in rats
continuo
usly for a total
if the
inten
se respon
se of the
JNutr Sci V
itam
inol (Tok
yo) 19
96
of 7 w
eeks
litho
cholicdeo
xych
olic acid ratio to
42(2)9
7ndash11
0the tested
dietary fiber preparations
and fat in the present study will also
be sho
wn in other dietary fibers
Raphanus sativus
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally dosed
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used Ind
ian
of pow
dered
plant m
aterial
the plants were stud
ied in rats for 10
abortifacien
t plants with sp
ecial
Adhatoda vasica A
brus
day
s after insemination with sp
ecial
referenc
e to the
ir teratolog
ic effects
precatorius Acacia arabica
referenc
e to effects of fetal
in rats J Ethno
pha
rm 199
236
Aloe barbadensis Anethum
dev
elop
men
t Leaf extracts of
147ndash
154
sowa Apium
petroselinium
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
Banbusa arundensis
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
Blepharis edulis Butea
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
monosperma Hibiscus
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
sativum M
esua ferrea
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
Moringa oleifera Mucuna
at the
dos
es tested
pruriens Raphanus
sativus Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
Raphanus sativus
Daucus carota
and Raphanus
Hum
an trial
Con
sumption
of plant products (rad
ish
Sivu
k AK Effect of plant produc
ts of
sativustops
75 g
d for
and carrot tops) for as long
as 28
day
s nu
trition (rad
ish an
d carrot tops
) as lon
g as 28 day
sdid not produce any
adve
rse ch
ange
s on
various
indicators of metab
olism
in the
protein fat a
nd carbo
hydrate
in human
s [R
ussian
] Kosm Biol
metab
olic param
eters ex
amined
Aviak
osm M
ed 198
923
(2)5
6ndash59
Rheum
emodi
Chine
se herba
l dru
g R
heum
Con
trolled clin
ical
Album
in significantly inc
reased
Zha
ng JH e
t al Clin
ical effects of
Wallic
hE and
or C
aptopr
il an
trial 30
patients
during
the
follow-up pe
riod
in trea
ted
Rhe
um and
Cap
topril on
preve
nting
POLYGONACEAE
angioten
sin co
nverting
12
con
trols
patients before more marke
d in bo
thprogression
of ch
ronic rena
l failu
re
Amlauetasa
enzy
me on
chr
onic
Rhe
um E and
Rhe
um E 1
Cap
topril
Chine
se M
ed J 199
010
3(10
)788
ndash793
Indian rhuba
rbrena
l failu
regrou
ps It w
as con
cluded
tha
t long
-term
oral low-dose Rhe
um E
is
bene
ficial to ch
ronic rena
l failu
re The
effect is be
tter tha
n that of Cap
topr
ilThe
reg
ime of R
heum
e E and
Cap
topr
ilis a preferable ch
oice in the long
-term
treatm
ent for preve
nting progression
483
(continued)
Ricinus communis
L
Leav
es of Ricinus communis
8 sh
eep and
Clin
ical patho
logy
in sh
eep w
asBez
erra M
JG B
rito M
F Exp
erim
ental
EUPH
ORBIA
CEAE
Administered orally
to
6 go
ats
characterized by ne
uromuscular
poiso
ning
of sh
eep an
d goa
ts by
Erand
a
4 sh
eep at 20 g
kg
disturban
ces su
ch as un
stea
dy ga
itthe leav
es Ricinus communis
Castor oil plan
t4 sh
eep at 30 g
kg
and slig
ht instability Three she
ep tha
t(Eup
horbiaceae
) Pe
squisa Veterin
3 go
ats 30
gk
g 35 g
kg
received
30 g
kg died In go
ats
Brasileira 19
9515(3)27ndash
34
3 sh
eep 40
gk
gsymptoms were discrete A
ll go
ats
reco
vered No sign
ifican
t macroscop
ic or
microscop
ic alterations
were seen
in
three sh
eep tha
t died
Ricinus communis
05
Ricinus communis
Brown Hisex
Symptom
s lesions
an
d cha
nges in
El-Bad
wi SM
A et al Com
parative
seed
of 05
Jatropha
chicks
grow
th h
ematolog
y an
d clin
ical
toxicity of Ricinus communis
and
curcas
seed
chem
istry were inve
stigated
High
Jatropha curcasin Brown Hisex
mortality an
d m
ore seve
re cha
nges
chicks
Deu
tche
Tieraerztlic
he
occu
rred
in ch
icks on Ricinus
diet
Woc
hens
chrift 199
510
2(2)75ndash
77
than
Jatrophafeed
Ricinus communis
Lectins Arachis
Con
trolled hum
anDolichos biflorus Glycine max Lotus
Maz
umdar S B
inding pa
ttern of
hypogaea D
olichos
trial 11
with
tetragonolobus Ricinus communis
eigh
t different lectins
in he
althy
biflorus Glycine max
norm
al oral
Ulex europaeussh
owed
very strong
subjects and
patients with
dys
plastic
Lotus tetragonolobus
muco
sa 5
with
to stron
g bind
ing in hea
lthy
oral
and m
aligna
nt lesions
of the oral
Ricinus communis U
lex
leuko
plak
ia w
ith
muc
osa bu
t no
or ve
ry w
eak bind
ing
cavity Int J O
ral Max
illofacial Su
rgeuropaeus
conc
anav
alin
dys
plasia 1
2 in squ
amou
s cell carcinom
a O
ther
1993
22(5)301
ndash305
A whe
at germ
with
oral muc
osal
lectins inve
stigated
may
be used as
squam
ous cell
probe
s to determine the dysplastic and
carcinom
a maligna
nt status of the
oral muc
osal
epithe
lium
Ricinus communis
Ricin o
ral dos
age of
Rats
Rats intoxicated orally
with ricin sh
owed
Ishigu
ro M
et al B
ioch
emical studies
30 m
gkg
clear sign
s of sickn
ess an
d all died w
ithin
of oral toxicity of ricin I R
icin
36 hou
rs
administered orally
can
impa
irsu
gar ab
sorp
tion
by rat sm
all
intestine C
hem Pha
rm Bull 19
83
31(9)3
222ndash
3227
Rubia cordifolia
L
An an
titumor sub
stan
ce
Clin
ical trial
Cha
nges in card
iac func
tion
were no
ted
Yoshida F et al Stud
y of cardiac
RUBIA
CEAE
RA-700
isolated from
pha
se I
in both grou
ps Sev
eral cardiac param
eters
func
tion
in first stag
e ex
amination
Man
jista
Rubia akane
or Rubia
neop
lastic
tend
ed to be
more ex
trem
e in group 2
of R
A-700
RA-700
Clin
ical Study
484
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Indian mad
der
cordifolia
grou
p 1
patien
tsBecau
se of the sm
all sample no relatio
nship
Group [Jap
anese] Gan
To Kag
aku
injected
onc
e with RA-
betw
een the ch
ange
s in cardiac func
tion
Ryo
ho 199
421
(2)1
99ndash2
07
700 group
2 injected
and injection
dos
es of RA-700
can
be mad
eRA-700
for 5
cons
ecutive
day
sRubia cordifolia
RA-700
iso
lated from Rubia
Clin
ical trial
The
max
imum
tolerated
dose was 14
Majim
a H e
t al Ph
ase I Stud
y of
akaneor Rubia cordifolia
ph
ase I 14
mg
m2for the 5-day
sch
edule
RA-700
RA-700
Clin
ical Study
02ndash14 mg
m2in single IV
patien
tsad
ministration
Group [Jap
anese] Gan
To
dose 04ndash2
0 m
gm
2in
Kag
aku Ryo
ho 199
320
(1)6
7ndash78
5 day
IV doses
Rubia cordifolia
RA-700
a cy
clic hex
apep
tide
Mice
The
antitum
or activity of R
A-700
was
Kato T et al Antitum
or activity an
d
isolated
from Rubia cordifolia
simila
r to tha
t of deo
xybo
uva
rdin and
toxicity in mice of R
A-700
a cy
clic
was com
pared
with deo
xy-
vinc
ristine ag
ains
t P3
88 leu
kemia
hexa
pep
tide A
ntican
cer Res 198
77
bouva
rdin and
vincristine
(3 Pt B)329
ndash334
Rubia cordifolia
Cyclic
hexap
eptides (RA-V
II
Mice
Stud
ies sh
owed
pep
tide
s ex
hibited
Itok
awa H e
t al Isolation an
d
RA-V
RA-IV and
RA-III)
sign
ifican
t activity aga
inst leu
kemias
antitumor activity of cyc
lic
isolated
from Rubia
and ascites tumors P-388
L1210
B-
hexa
pep
tides isolated from
cordifolia
16 m
elan
oma an
d solid tum
ors colon
Rubis Rad
ix Che
m Pha
rm Bull
38 L
ewis lung
carcino
ma an
d Ehr
lich
1984
32(1)284
ndash290
carcinom
a R
A-V
had
an espe
cially
poten
t effect on MM2 mam
mary
carcinom
aSalvadora persica L
Extracts of Salvadora persica
Ran
dom
ized
(Abs
tract no
t av
ailable)
Quinlan R et al A study co
mparing
SALVADORACEAE
controlle
d trial
the efficacy
of a toothp
aste con
tain-
Pilu
ing extract of Salvadora persica
with
aPeelu
stan
dard fluoride toothp
aste NZ
Soc Periodon
tal 19
94777ndash
14
Salvadora persica
Roo
ts of the Arak tree
Com
parative
The
frequ
ent us
e of lsquoMiswak
rsquo was
al-K
hateeb
TL et al P
eriodon
tal
Salvadora persica
human
study
associated
with a lower need for
trea
tmen
t ne
eds am
ong Sa
udi
480 ad
ults
periodon
tal care
Arabian
adu
lts and
the
ir relationship
to the
use of the Miswak
Com
-mun
ity D
ent Hea
lth 19
918(4)
323ndash
328
Salvadora persica
Extracts of Salvadora persica
Mice
Mice injected
with Salvadora persica
Sulaim
an M
I et al Effects of
extracts sho
wed
a significant decrease
Salvadora persicaex
tracts on mice
in exp
loratory loc
omotor activity
exploratory loc
omotion activities
param
eters
J Ethno
pha
rm 198
617
(3)2
63ndash2
68
Santalum
album
L
Sand
al w
ood oil 5 in
Mice
Sand
alwoo
d oil trea
tmen
t sign
ifican
tly
Dwived
i C A
bu-G
haza
leh A C
hemo-
SANTALACEAE
aceton
e from
Santalum
reduc
ed pap
illom
a inciden
ce by 67
preve
ntive effects of san
dalwoo
d
Cha
ndan
amalbum
multiplic
ity by
96
an
d ind
uced
oil on
skin pa
pillo
mas in mice Eur
White San
dalwoo
dornithine decarbo
xylase activity
JCan
cer Pr
ev 199
76(4)399
ndash401
by
70
Oil may
be an
effective
che
mo-
preve
ntive ag
ent ag
ains
t sk
in can
cer
485
(continued)
Santalum
album
Embelia ribes Glycyrrhiza
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
glabra Holarrhena
rand
omized
administered different herba
l mixtures
applic
ations
of he
rbal formulations
antidysenterica
comparative
Successful treatm
ents in grou
ps A and
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Nardostachys jatamansi
study 49
B prove
d effective
aga
inst both inflam
-rand
omized
com
parative
study
Phyllanthus emblica
adolescent
matory (pim
ples) an
d non
inflam
matory
JMed
icinal A
romatic Plant Sci
Santalum
album
to you
ng(black
head
s an
d othe
r co
med
ones)
1997
1941
4ndash41
8Terminalia bellirica
adults w
ith
lesion
s T
he treatmen
t pr
eparations
rsquo Terminalia chebula
mild
to
mecha
nism
s of action remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
mod
erate
facial acn
eSantalum
album
Ban
gshil prep
aration contains
Hum
an trial
Ban
gshil was administered to 35 patients to
Sharma BP G
oswam
i P U
rina
ry tract
Asp
haltum 6
0 mg
35 patients
treat urina
ry tract infection
Bacteriolog
ic
infection an
d its m
anag
emen
t by
Balsamodendron mukul
cure w
as obtaine
d in 889
and
sym
pto-
bang
shil A
ryav
aidya
n 19
958(4)
40 m
g Ferrisu
lphu
ratum
matic relief in 824
21
2ndash21
530 m
g K
asisa bh
asma 60
mg Bambu manna12
mg
Tin Bha
sma
Sand
alwoo
d oil 5 m
gSantalum
album
Santalum
album
oil Oral
Swiss albino
mice
A significant enh
ancemen
t of glutathione
-Ba
nerje
e S et al M
odulatory influen
ce
feed
ing each
day
with
S-tran
sferase activity and
acid soluble
of san
dalwoo
d oil on
mou
se
5 an
d 15
mL san
dalwoo
dsu
lphy
dryl leve
ls w
as noted
The
he
patic glutathione
S-trans
ferase
oil for 10
and
20 day
spossible ch
emop
reve
ntive action
of
activ
ity and
acid soluble su
lphy
dryl
oil on
carcino
gene
sis may
be due to a
leve
l Can
cer Lett 19
9368(2ndash
3)
bloc
king
mecha
nism
10
5ndash10
9
Saraca indicaL
(-)-ep
icatechin an extract
Mice
Papillom
a form
ation was inh
ibited
by
Vargh
ese CD e
t al E
ffect of asoka
LEGUMIN
OSA
Efrom
bark of Saraca indica
topical ap
plic
ation of extract
on the
intracellu
lar glutathion
e leve
lsAsoka
Top
ical app
lication an
d
Oral ad
ministration sign
ifican
tly
and skin tumor promotion in m
ice
Asoka
tree
oral adm
inistration of
restricted
tum
or growth
Can
cer Lett 19
9369(1)45ndash
50100 mg
kg w
eigh
tSaussurea lappa
Saussurea lappa-50
0 mg
Hum
an trial 4
0 A significant cha
nge in fasting
blood
sug
ar
Sing
h DC Sh
arma BP M
anag
emen
t (D
ecne
) CB
capsu
les 23
per day
patien
tsbe
fore versu
s after treatm
ent with bo
th
of m
adhu
meh
a (Diabetes mellitus)
Clarke
and Pterocarpus marsupium
plants was noted
by
ind
igen
ous dru
gs-bija
yasar an
dCOMPO
SITAE
100-mL decoc
tion
23
kustha
Aryav
aidy
an 19904(1)21ndash23
Kus
htha
per day
both for 30
day
sCostus
486
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Saussurea lappa
Saussurea lappaan
d Inula
Clin
ical study
In stable an
gina
pectoris patients
Dwived
i S et al Role of Inula
racemosacrude root
60 patients
Saussurea lappareduc
ed the
racemosaan
d Saussurea lappa
in
powder
freq
uen
cy of an
gina
(20
) bu
t did not
man
agem
ent of A
ngina Pectoris
produce any
other cha
nges Inula
Int JC
rude Dru
g Res 198
927
(4)
racemosa was sho
wn to pos
sess
217ndash
222
sign
ifican
t an
tian
gina
l prope
rty It
lowered
diastolic blood
pressure
plasm
a co
rtisol a
nd catecho
lamines
Saussurea lappa
Seve
ral fraction
s Saussurea
Various an
imals
Some of lactone
fractions
and
delactonize
dGup
ta O
P G
hatak BJR P
harm
aco-
lapparoot oil were
oil exhibit hy
poten
sive
sp
amolytic and
logical inve
stigations
on Saussurea
inve
stigated
bron
chod
ilatory effects n
o an
titussive
lappa(C
larke) Indian JM
ed R
esactivity w
as detected w
ith an
y fraction
19
6755(10
)107
8ndash10
83
but a slight diuretic pr
operty obs
erve
d
Sesamum
indicum
L
Rats fed a diet that differed
Rats
Sesamin-feeding sign
ifican
tly
Kam
al-Eldin A
et al Se
samin (a
PEDALIA
CEAE
only in their co
nten
ts of
increa
sed g-toc
ophe
rol an
dco
mpou
nd from sesam
e oil)
Tila
sesamin 0 025 05 1
0
g
a-toc
ophe
rol ratios
in
increa
ses toco
pherol lev
els in
Sesame
20 and
40 gk
gplasm
a liver an
d lung
s Sug
gested
rats fed
ad libitum L
ipids 19
95
bioa
vaila
bility of
g-toc
ophe
rol is
30(6)4
99ndash5
05
enha
nced
in ph
enol-con
taining diets
compared
with pu
rified
diets
Sesamum
indicum
Sesame flow
ers co
llected
at
Case stud
ies
Sesame flow
ers used to treat com
mon
Wan
g HT T
reatmen
t of com
mon
daw
n whe
n dew
on plant
250 cases of
wart 228 cu
red and
22 im
prove
dwart with sesame flow
ers Bull
Flow
ers rubb
ed on wart
common
wart
(100
respon
se rate) One
-yea
rChin Mat M
ed 198
914
(6)3
56
33pe
r day
follo
w-up of 217
resulted in an
effective rate of 97
2
Sida cordifolia
L
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of the
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used
MALVACEAE
of pow
dered
plant m
aterial
dosed
plants were stud
ied in rats for 10 day
s Indian ab
ortifacien
t plan
ts w
ith
Bala
Adhatoda vasica A
brus
after insemination with sp
ecial referenc
e sp
ecial r
eferen
ce to their teratologic
Cou
ntry m
allow
precatorius Acacia arabica
to effects of fetal dev
elop
men
t Leaf
effects in rats J Ethno
pharm
Aloe barbadensis Anethum
extracts of Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
1992
3614
7ndash15
4sowa Apium
petroselinium
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
Banbusa arundensis
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
Blepharis edulis Butea
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
monosperma Hibiscus
arabicaan
d Hisiscus rosa-sinensis
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
appe
ared
to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
sativum M
esua ferrea
at the
dos
es tested
Moringa oleifera M
ucuna
pruriens Raphanus
sativus Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
487
(continued)
Solanum nigrum
L
Solanum nigrum
as a foo
dCon
trolled trial
Esopha
geal can
cer pa
tien
ts w
ith
Sammon
AM A
case-control stud
y SO
LANACEAE
100 with
extens
ive inqu
iries into diet an
d soc
ial
of diet an
d soc
ial factors in can
cer
Kak
amachi
esop
hage
alha
bits w
as studied Sign
ifican
t risk
of the
esoph
agus
in Trans
kei Can
cer
Black
nightsh
ade
canc
er 1
00factors foun
d w
ere use of Solanum
1992
69(4)860
ndash865
co
ntrols
nigrum
as a foo
d sm
oking and
use of
trad
itiona
l med
icines
Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum
(aerial parts)
Rats
Solanum nigrum
reduced ulcer ind
exAkh
tar MS M
unir M
Eva
luation of
pow
der and
its m
etha
nolic
sign
ifican
tly The
activity may
be due
the ga
tric antiulcerog
enic effects
extract
to inh
ibition of acid and
pep
sin
of Solanum
nigrum Brassica oleracea
secretions
and
or their in vitro
ability
and Ocimum
basilicum in rats J
to bind
Ethno
pharm 198
927
(1ndash2
)163
ndash176
Strychnos nux vomica
Cru
de alkoloid fraction of
Mice
Administration dem
onstrated antinoc
i-Cai B et al Processing of nux vo
mia
L
Strychnos nux-vomica
ceptive
effects of the alka
loid
VII A
ntinoc
icep
tive
effects of
STRYCHNACEAE
crude
alkaloids from
seeds of
Kup
ilu
Strychnos nux vomicain m
ice Biol
Nux
vom
ica
Pha
rm Bull 19
9619(1)127
ndash131
Strychnos nux vomica
Strych
nine
dose 032
Case
Non
ketotic hy
perglycinem
ia w
asW
arbu
rton
D e
t al N
onke
totic
hyp
er-
mg
kgd
stud
ies
diagn
osed
The
rapy
with strych
nine
glyc
emia Effects of therap
y with
infant twins
resu
lted
in a grea
t reduction in C
SFstrych
nine
Am JDis C
hildr 19
80
and plasm
a glyc
ine leve
ls improve
-13
4(3)273
ndash275
men
t in m
uscle tone
resp
iration
and ability to suck
Strychnos nux vomica
Strych
nine
nitrate daily
Case studies
The
rapeu
tic failu
re proba
bly indicated
von Wen
dt L e
t al Fa
ilure of
dosag
e of 02ndash0
9 m
gkg
3 infants
that strychn
ine trea
tmen
t doe
s no
tstrych
nine
treatmen
t during
the
solve the therap
eutic pr
oblems of
neon
atal period in three Finn
ish
seve
re forms of non
ketotic
child
ren with no
nketotic hyp
er-
hyperglyc
inem
ia
glyc
inem
ia Pe
diatrics 19
8065(6)
1166
ndash116
9Swertia chirata
Swertia chiratain doses of
Albino rats
Hep
atop
rotective effect of Swertia
Mukh
erjee S et al Hep
atop
rotective
(Wall) C
B
20 5
0 100 m
gkg
bod
y chiratawas studied T
reatmen
t with
effect of Swertia chirataon
rat
Clarke
weigh
tSwertia chirata
and C
Cl4 cau
sed
Ind JExp
Biol 19
9735(4)384
ndash388
GENTIA
NACEAE
improve
men
t at both bioc
hemical and
Kirata tikta
histop
atho
logic param
eters ve
rsus
Chireta
CCl4 treatmen
t alon
e The
most effec-
tive
dose was 50 mg
kg bod
y weigh
t
488
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Swertia chirata
Aqu
eous ex
tract of Swertia
Rats
Swertia chirataex
hibited significant
Islam C
N e
t al Pr
elim
inary studies
chiratatotal xa
ntho
nes
antiinflam
matory activity Swertia
on the
antiin
flam
mtory effects of
prep
ared
from plant aerial
chiratawas fou
nd less effective
Swertia chiratain albino rats Ind
ian
parts O
ral dos
e 50
mg
kg
compared
with stan
dard
J Ph
armacol 199
527
(1)3
7ndash39
bo
dy weigh
tan
tiinflam
matory dru
gs
Swertia chirata
Ethan
olic extract of Swertia
Rats
The
extract significantly red
uced the
Rafatullah S et al P
rotective effect of
chirata
intens
ity of gastric m
uco
sal da
mag
eSwertia chirataag
ains
t indom
etha
cin
produc
ed a significant decrease in
and othe
r ulcerog
enic age
nt-
gastric secretion and
pretrea
tmen
tinduc
ed gastric ulcers D
rugs
Exp
sign
ifican
tly preve
nted
ind
uced
Clin
Res 199
319
(2)6
9ndash73
ga
stric wall mucu
s dep
letion
and
restored
the
non
-protein sulfhyd
ryl
conten
t in gland
ular stom
achs
The
find
ings sup
port the
use of Swertia
chiratafor the trea
tmen
t of gastric
ulcer
Swertia chirata
Two capsu
les of 450
mg
20 case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a
each
Coccinia indica
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
ncomposite he
rbal dru
g in the
Cum
inum
cyminum
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
strea
tmen
t of Diabetes mellitus
Eugenia jambolana
(Mad
humeh
a) Aryav
aidya
n Gymnema sylvestre
19915(1)3
6ndash46
Momordica charantia
Phyllanthus niruri
Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Swertia chirata
95 ethan
ol extract and
Rats
The
optim
um dose (250
mg
kg) pr
oduced
Seka
r BC et al Effect of different
four
fractions
of Swertia
a sign
ifican
t decrease of blood
sug
arfraction
s of Swertia chirayitaon
chirata O
ral dose at 250
in fed
glucose-loa
ded
an
d tolbu
tamide-
the bloo
d sug
ar lev
el of albino
rats
mg
kgpretrea
ted animal m
odels but no
t in
JEthno
pha
rm 198
721
175
ndash181
fasted
rats
Syzgium aromaticum
Hot w
ater extracts of Geum
Mice
Anti-cy
tomeg
alov
irus (C
MV) activity
Yuk
awa TA et al Proph
ylactic
(L) Merr amp
LM
japonicum Rhus javanica
in vivowas exa
mined
Geum japonicum
trea
tmen
t of cytom
egalov
irus
Perry
Syzgium aromaticum
Syzygium
aromaticum
an
d Terminalia
infection with trad
itiona
l he
rbs
MYRTACEAE
and Terminalia chebula
chebulasign
ifican
tly su
ppressed
CMV
Antiviral R
es 199
632
(2)6
3ndash70
Lav
anga
yields in lung
s of treated
mice co
mpa
red
Dev
apus
pa
with water-treated
mice
Clove
Syzygium
Geum japonicum
Rhus
Mice
Extracts sho
wed
significant antiherpes
Kur
okaw
a M e
t al Efficacy of
aromaticum
javanica Syzgium
simplex
virus
typ
e I activity Extracts
trad
itiona
l he
rbal m
edicines in co
m-
aromaticum
Terminalia
limited
dev
elop
men
t of skin lesion
s bina
tion
with acyc
lovir ag
ains
t chebula
Acy
clov
ir
ando
r pr
olon
ged m
ean su
rvival
herpes sim
plex virus
typ
e 1 infection
andor herba
l ex
tract
times of infected
mice co
mpared
in vitro and
in vivo
Antiviral R
es
administered
with bo
th A
cyclov
ir and
the
herba
l19
9527(1ndash
2)19ndash
37
extract alon
e
489
(continued)
Tamarindus indica L
Tam
arindus fruit extract
Hum
an trial
A statistically significant inc
rease in
Mustap
ha A
et al Effect of
LEGUMIN
OSA
E6 he
althy
plasm
a leve
ls of aspirin an
d salic
yclic
Tamarindus indica
L on
the
bio-
Amlik
a vo
lunteers
acid w
as noted
whe
n a mea
lav
ailability of asp
irin in he
althy
Tam
arind
containing
tam
arind fru
it extract w
ashu
man
volunteers Eur
J D
rug
administered w
ith aspirin tab
lets
Met Pha
rm 199
621
(3)2
23ndash2
26
take
n und
er a fasting
state
Tamarindus indica
Tam
arind seed
Mice
The
results dem
onstrated tha
t tamarind
Sano
M e
t al Lack of carcino
genicity
polysaccha
ride
seed
polys
acch
aride is not carcino
genic
of tam
arind seed polys
acch
aride
in B6C
3F1 mice of eithe
r ge
nder
in B6C
3F1 mice Foo
d Che
m Tox
icol
1996
34(5)463
ndash467
Tamarindus indica
Seed
s of Delonix regia
Mice an
d rats
Acu
te tox
icity test of water extracts of
Kad
iri M e
t al Tox
icolog
ical screen-
Cassia tora Sesbania
the five
leg
umes produced no visible
ing of som
e Nigerian wild
leg
umes
sesban Crotalaria
side effects Inc
reased
weigh
ts w
ere a
Rev
ista de Biologia Tropical
naragutensis
resu
lt as co
mpa
red to co
ntrols fed
1995
44(1)269
ndash274
Tamarindus indica
distille
d w
ater S
imila
r resu
lts were
obtained
in prolon
ged tox
icity
screen
ing
Tamarindus indica
Thr
ee Sud
anese
Hum
an trial
The
results indicate a statistically
Mah
mou
d BM e
t al S
ignific
ant reduc
-be
verage
s Aradaib
healthy males
sign
ifican
t de
crea
se in the AUC and
tion
in ch
loroqu
ine bioa
vaila
bility
(Tamarindus indica)
Cmax
of chloroq
uine
as a resu
lt of a
follo
wing co
administration with
Karka
di (Hibiscus
coad
ministration with Tamarindus
the Su
dan
ese be
verage
s Aradaib
sabdarifa
) an
d lem
onindica A
parallel decrease in the
Karka
di and
Lem
on J Antim
icrob
(Citrus lim
etta) with 60
0dru
grsquos an
timalarial efficacy m
ight be
Che
mothe
r 19
9433(5)100
5ndash10
09
mg ch
loroqu
ine
expe
cted
Tamarindus indica
Extracts leav
es of
Hum
an trial
Top
ical app
lication resu
lted
in us
ers
Fabiyi JP e
t al Traditiona
l therap
y Adansonia digitata
human
s with
perceived
relief of pain accelerated
of dracu
nculia
sis in the
state
Calotropis procera
guinea w
orms
expu
lsion of w
orms and
a faster
of Bau
chi-Nigeria [Fren
ch] Dak
arMoringa oleifera
healing process
Med
199
338
(2)1
93ndash1
95
Tamarindus indica
Ziziphus jaozeiro
Tamarindus indica
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants did not sho
w any
cho
lesterol
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K E
ffect of
zeylanica Cum
inum
decreasing effect w
hen include
d in the
cumin cinn
amon
ging
er m
ustard
cyminum
Zingiber
norm
al and
hyp
erch
olesterolemia-
and tam
arind in induc
ed hyp
er-
officinale
induc
ing diet at abo
ut five
fold normal
cholesterolemic rats N
ahru
ng 199
1hu
man
intak
e leve
l35
(1)4
7ndash51
490
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Tamarindus indica
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Influen
ce
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
cyminum
Ferula
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepa
tic mixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
foetida Tamarindus
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
indica Trigonella
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 19
8926(4)254
ndash258
foenum
-graecum
graecum
also stimulated the
lev
els of
Zingiber officinale
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Taraxacum
officinale
Herb infusion
s of Verbena
Rats
Main ur
olithiasis risk factors were
Grases F et al U
rolithiasis and
W
eber ex
officinalis Lithospermum
evaluated
Ben
eficial effects caused
phy
totherap
y Int U
rol Nep
hrol
FH W
igg
officinale Taraxacum
by herb infusion
s can be
attribu
ted to
1994
26(5)507
ndash511
COMPO
SITAE
officinale Equisetum
a disinfectan
t action
possibly to the
Dugh
a feni
arvense Aarctostaphylos
presenc
e of sap
onins
Dan
delion
uva ursi Arctium
lappa
Silene saxifraga
Taraxacum
Six kind
s of C
hine
seSc
ald m
ice
Polygonum
cuspidatum Taraxacum
officinale
Luo
ZH The
use of Chine
se
officinale
trad
itiona
l he
rbs
and Oidenlandia diffusa show
ed improve
dtrad
itiona
l med
icine to improve
im
paired immune
func
tion
effects in scald
impaired immune
func
tion
s in
mide Effects
varied
according to the
scald m
ice [C
hine
se] Chu
ng H
ua
dosag
e of the
dru
gs
Che
ng H
sing
Sha
o Sh
ang W
ai K
o Tsa C
hih 19
939(1)5
6ndash58
Taraxacum
Twelve
plants ad
ministered
Mice
Of the 12
plants us
ed for the
traditiona
lSw
anston
-Flatt SK et al Glycaem
ic
officinale
as decoction
s or infusion
s
treatm
ent of diabe
tes Agaricus bisporus
effects of traditiona
l Eur
opea
n 28 day
s Agaricus bisporus
and Ilex guayusash
owed
poten
tial anti-
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
Anacardium occidentale
diabe
tic effect
Studies in normal and
Arctum lappa Catharanthus
streptozo
tocin diabe
tic mice
roseus D
aucus carota
Diabe
tes Res 198
910
(2)6
9ndash73
Hum
ulus lupulus Ilex
guayusa Salvia officinale
Sambucus nigra
Taraxacum
officinale
Trigonella foenum-
graecum U
rtica dioica
Taraxacum
Who
le d
ried
and
pow
dered
Rab
bits
Powders of both plants produced
Akh
tar MS et al E
ffects of Portulaca
officinale
plan
ts of Portulaca oleracae
sign
ifican
t hy
pog
lycemic effects in
oleracae
(Kulfa) and
Taraxacum
an
d Taraxacum
officinale
norm
al rab
bits but no
t in allo
xan-
officinale (D
hudha
l) in no
rmo-
treated rab
bits
glyc
aemic and
allo
xan-trea
ted
hype
rglycaem
ic rab
bits JPM
A J
Pak
Med
Assoc
198535
(7)
207ndash
210
491
(continued)
Taraxacum
Herb co
mbina
tion
of
Hum
an trial
As a resu
lt of the trea
tmen
t sp
ontane
ous
Cha
kurski I e
t al T
reatmen
t of
officinale
Calendula officinalis
24 patients
and palpab
le pains along
the
large
chronic co
litis w
ith an
herba
l Foeniculum
vulgare
with ch
ronic
intestine disap
peared in 95
83
co
mbina
tion
of Taraxacum
officinale
Hypericum
perforatum
nons
pecific
of the
patients by
the
15th day
of
Hipericum
perforatum Melissa
Melissa officinalis
colitis
their ad
mission
to the clinic and
officinalisCalendula officinalis
and
Taraxacum
officinale
treatm
ent with the he
rbal com
bina
tion
Foeniculum
vulgare
[Bulgarian]
Vutr Boles 198
120
(6)5
1ndash54
Tephrosia purpurea
Two caps
ules of 450
mg each
20
case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a
(L) Pe
rs
Coccinia indica Cum
inum
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
nco
mposite he
rbal d
rug in the
LEGUMIN
OSA
Ecyminum
Eugenia
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
strea
tmen
t of Diabetes mellitus
Sarapun
kha
jambolana Gymnema
(Mad
humeh
a) Aryav
aidya
n Purple Tep
hrosia
sylvestre Momordica
1991
5(1)3
6ndash46
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Terminalia arjuna
50 ethan
olic extract of
Rab
bits
Induced hyp
erlip
idem
ic rab
bits receive
d
Ram
A e
t al Hyp
ocho
lesterolae
mic
(Rox
b Ex DC)
Terminalia arjunatree
the ex
tract A significant decrease in
effects of Terminalia arjunatree
Wrigh
t amp
Arn
bark in doses of 10
0total ch
olesterol LDL and
LDLHDL
bark J Ethno
pharm 199
755
(3)
COMBRETACEAE
mg
kg and
500 m
gkg
ratio was dem
onstrated T
he extract did
165ndash
169
Arjuna
compared
to co
ntrols
not ad
versely effect bioch
emical tests
of liver rena
l func
tion
and
hem
atolog
ic
param
eters
Terminalia arjuna
Terminalia arjunaba
rkClin
ical ran
dom-
Terminalia arjunaco
mpa
red to placeb
o Bha
rani A
et al Sa
lutary effect of
500 mg 8 hou
rly
ized
con
trolled
therap
y was assoc
iated w
ith im
prove
-Terminalia arjunain patients with
dou
ble-blind
men
t in sym
ptoms an
d significant signs
seve
re refractory he
art failu
re
trial 12
with
of hea
rt failure On long
term eva
luation
Int JC
ardiol 19
9549(3)191
ndash199
co
ngestive
(pha
se II) p
atient con
tinu
ed to sh
owhe
art failu
re
improve
men
t in sym
ptoms signs
NYHA C
lass IV
effort toleran
ce an
d N
YHA class
Terminalia arjuna
Bark po
wder of
Hum
an trial 1
5Results sugg
est that m
onothe
rapy
Dwived
i S A
garw
al M
P A
nti-
Terminalia arjuna
stab
le and
with Terminalia arjunawas fairly
angina
l an
d cardioprotective
5 un
stab
leeffective in patients with symptom
s of
effects of Terminalia arjuna an
angina
patients
stab
le ang
ina pe
ctoris How
ever it
indigen
ous dru
g in co
rona
ry artery
has a lim
ited
role in uns
table an
gina
disea
se JA
ssoc
Phy
sician
s India
1994
42(4)287
ndash289
492
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Terminalia arjuna
Terminalia arjunaba
rkRab
bits
Rab
bits receiving
Terminalia arjunaalon
g Tiw
ari AK e
t al Effect of Terminalia
powder sus
pen
ded in
with a high
cho
lesterol diet sh
owed
arjuna
on lipid profiles of rab
bits
water in an
oral dose of
slow
er inc
rease in total cho
lestrol
fed hyp
erch
olesterolemic diet
250 mg
kg bod
y weigh
ttriglycerides and
no ch
ange
in HDL
Int JC
rude Res 199
028
(1)4
3ndash47
23
day
than
rab
bits receiving
only a high
ch
olesterol diet Hyp
erch
olesterolemic
rabb
its receiving Terminalia arjunash
owed
more marke
d decreases in total ch
olesterol
triglycerides a
nd an increase in HDL than
the hy
perch
olesterolemic con
trols
Terminalia arjuna
50 aqu
eous etha
nol
Rats
The
extracts show
ed resorptive activity but
Gupta DN e
t al Po
st coital
hexa
ne and
butan
ol and
were dev
oid of an
tiim
plan
tation
activity
contraceptive
efficacy of
2 flav
ones of Terminalia
Terminalia arjunain albino rats
arjuna
bark
Fitoterapia 198
0LX(3)2
75ndash2
76
Terminalia
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
bellirica
(Gaertn)
Glycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered different herba
l mixtures
applic
ations
of he
rbal formulations
Rox
bHolarrhena
comparative
Successful treatm
ents in grou
ps A and
B
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
COMBRETACEAE
antidysenterica
study 49
prove
d effective
aga
inst both inflam
matory
rand
omized
com
parative
study J
Vibhitaka
Bha
ira
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
(pim
ples) and
non
inflam
matory an
d
Med
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Belleric myrob
alan
Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngno
ninflammatory (black
head
s an
d other
414ndash
418
Santalum
album
ad
ults w
ith
comed
ones) lesion
s The
treatmen
t Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
s of action
Terminalia chebula
mod
erate
remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
facial acn
eTerminalia bellirica
Haritak
i Terminalia chebula
Rab
bits
Whe
n ch
olesterol was fed
to all grou
ps
Tha
kur CP e
t al The
Ayu
rved
ic
Emblica officinalis
leve
ls w
ere sign
ifican
tly reduced in
med
icines H
aritak
i Amla and
Terminalia bellirica
the three trea
tmen
t grou
ps than
Bah
ira reduce cho
lesterol-ind
uced
in the
con
trol group
The
sam
e was
athe
rosclerosis in rab
bits Int J
true for redu
ction in cho
lesterolem
ia
Cardiology
198821
(2)1
67ndash1
75
Terminalia bellirica
Oil ex
tract from
kerne
lsMice
Mice receiving either Terminalia
Dha
r HL et al Studies on
purgative
of Terminalia bellirica
bellirica
oil or castor oil ha
d usu
ally
action
of an
oil ob
tained
from
loose stoo
ls w
hereas animals give
nTerminalia belerica Ind
ian JM
ed
coco
nut oil ha
d normal stools R
esults
Res 196
857
(1)1
03ndash1
05
obtained
with castor oil an
d treated
grou
p (Terminalia bellirica) w
ere
sign
ifican
tTerminalia chebula
Embelia ribes Glycyrrhiza
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
Retz
glabra Holarrhena
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plic
ations
of he
rbal formulations
COMBRETACEAE
antidysenterica
comparative
mixtures Successful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Haritak
iNardostachys jatamansi
study 49
grou
ps A
and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative
study
Che
bulic
Phyllanthus emblica
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
JMed
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Myrob
alan
Santalum
album
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Terminalia bellirica
adults w
ith
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia chebula
mild
to
treatm
ent prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
sZingiber officinale
mod
erate
of action remain un
know
nfacial acn
e
493
(continued)
Terminalia chebula
Boerhavia diffusa
Golden
The
formulation
had
a m
axim
um cure
Sohn
i YR Bha
tt R
M Activity of a
Berberis aristata
hamsters
rate of 73
at a dose of 800
crude ex
tract form
ulation in
Tinospora cordifolia
with he
patic
mg
kg per day
in he
patic amoe
biasis
experim
ental he
patic amoe
biasis
Terminalia chebula
amoe
biasis
reduc
ing the av
erag
e deg
ree of
and in im
muno
mod
ulation stud
ies
Zingiber officinale
infection to 14 com
pared
to 42 for
J Ethno
pharm 199654
(2ndash3
)119
ndash124
Dried
and
pulverized
controls
plants ex
tracted in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually M
etronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
yTerminalia chebula
Hot w
ater extracts of
Mice
Anti-CMV activity in vivowas exa
mined
Yuka
wa TA e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic
Geum japonicum
Rhus
Geum japonicum
Syzygium aromaticum
trea
tmen
t of cytom
egalov
irus
javanica Syzygium
and Terminalia chebula
sign
ifican
tly
infection with trad
itiona
l he
rbs
aromaticum
an
dsu
ppr
essed C
MV yields in lun
gs of
Antiviral R
es 199
632
(2)6
3ndash70
Terminalia chebula
trea
ted m
ice compa
red w
ith water-
trea
ted m
ice
Terminalia chebula
Geum japonicum
Rhus
Mice
Extracts sh
owed
significant
Kur
okaw
a M e
t al Efficacy of
javanica Syzygium
antihe
rpes sim
plex
virus type I
trad
itiona
l he
rbal m
edicines in
aromaticum
Terminalia
activity E
xtracts lim
ited
combina
tion
with acyc
lovir ag
ains
t chebula
Acy
clov
irdev
elop
men
t of skin lesion
s an
dor
herp
es sim
plex
virus
typ
e 1
andor herba
l ex
tract
prolon
ged m
ean su
rvival tim
es of
infection in vitro and
in vivo
ad
ministered
infected
mice co
mpa
red w
ith bo
thAntiviral R
es 199
527
(1ndash2
)19ndash
37
Acy
clov
ir and
the
herba
l ex
tract alon
eTerminalia chebula
Boerhavia diffusa
Rats with caecal
Form
ulation ha
d a cur
ative rate of
Sohn
i YR e
t al T
he anti-am
oebic effect
Berberis aristata
amoe
biasis
89 w
ith av
erag
e deg
ree of infection
of a cru
de dru
g in formulation of
Tinospora cordifolia
(cae
cal am
oebiasis) (A
DI) red
uced
to
herbal extracts ag
ains
t Entam
oeba
Terminalia chebula
04 in a group
dosed
with 50
0 mg
kg
histolytica in vitro
and in vivo
Zingiber officinale
per day
as co
mpa
red w
ith ADI of 38
JEthno
pha
rm 1
99545
(1)4
3ndash52
Dried
and
pulverized
for co
ntrols
plants ex
tracted in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individu
ally M
etronidazole
administered as stan
dard
therap
y
494
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Terminalia chebula
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
iaad
ministered po
stinfective preinfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
Salmonella
sing
le a
nd m
ultiple doses of ex
tract an
d
in m
ice with a trad
itiona
llyTerminalia chebula
typhi
had a significant the
rape
utic effect in
prescribe
d crude dr
ug form
ulation
Tinospora cordifolia
reducing
sep
ticemia
JEthno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aque
ous alco
hol etha
nol
1 stock solution us
edto prepa
re dilu
tion
sOral or subc
utane
ous
administration
Terminalia chebula
A decoction
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoc
tion
Sati R
B Sha
rma RK Man
agem
ent
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica Patients with
of con
gestive card
iac failu
re
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic hea
rt disease
with certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
card
iomyo
pathy
and
cor pulmon
ale
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash1
26
Cedrus deodara
were give
n pow
der of Inula
Picrorhiza kurrooa
racemosa w
hile patients with
Terminalia chebula
rheu
matic hea
rt disease w
ere give
nTinospora cordifolia
Commiphora mukul After two weeks
Trichosantes lobata
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Inula racemosa2 g 8
completely 2 had
bradyc
ardia a
ndho
urly Commiphora
2 were refractory
mukul1
2 g 8
hourly Urgenic indica
100 mg 8 hou
rly
Terminalia chebula
Mixture of Glycyrrhiza
Rats
Duo
den
al ulcerated
rats trea
ted w
ith
Nad
ar TS Pillai M
M Effect of
glabra Terminalia
the mixture recov
ered
faster with
Ayu
rved
ic m
edicines on be
ta-
chebula Piper longum
conc
omitan
t increase in
b-
glucu
ronidase activity of Bru
nnerrsquos
glucu
ronidase activity in the
glan
ds dur
ing reco
very from
Bru
nnerrsquos gland
cysteamine induc
ed duo
den
al ulcers
in rats Ind
ian JE
xp Biol 19
8927(11)
959ndash
962
Terminalia chebula
Haritak
i Terminalia
Rab
bits
Whe
n ch
olesterol was fed
to all
Tha
kur CP e
t al The
Ayu
rved
ic
chebula Emblica
grou
ps lev
els were sign
ifican
tly
med
icines H
aritak
i Amla and
officinalis Terminalia
reduced in the three trea
tmen
t grou
psBah
ira reduce cho
lesterol-ind
uced
bellirica
than
in the co
ntrol grou
p T
he sam
e was
athe
rosclerosis in rab
bits Int J
true for reduc
tion
in ch
olesterolemia
Cardiol 19
8821(2)167
ndash175
Terminalia chebula
Thr
ee plants lack
ing
Feed
ing trials in
All plan
ts produc
ed hep
atic lesions
Arseculeratne SN
et al Studies of
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
rats
that inc
luded
cen
tral vein
med
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Aegle marmelos
abno
rmalities Terminalia chebula
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eHemidesmus indicus
and Withania somnifera
prod
uced
trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs J
Terminalia chebula
mark rena
l lesion
sEthno
pharm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
Withania somnifera
495
(continued)
Tinospora
Each tablet con
tains 10
039
patients with
Prepa
ration
was eva
luated
for clin
ical
Ran
i PU
Naidu UR S
ubjective an
dcordifolia
Miers
mg of alcoh
olic extract
insomnia
efficacy
and
safety in ins
omnia by
polyso
mno
grap
hic ev
aluation of
MENISPE
RMACEAE
of roo
t of Rauwolfia
subjective
and
polys
omno
grap
hic
a he
rbal prepa
ration
in insomnia
Guduc
hiserpentina
100 m
g of
metho
d The
prepa
ration
produc
edPh
ytom
edicine 1998
5(4)2
53ndash2
57
Guduc
hirhizom
e pow
der of
sign
ifican
t im
prov
emen
t in sleep
Nardostachys jatamansi
parameters The
preparation did not
and 100
mg aq
ueo
us
prod
uce any
feelin
g of han
gove
r or
extract of roo
t stem
day
tim
e sleeplessne
ss 11
patients
leaf of Tinospora
complaine
d of mild
epiga
stric distress
cordifolia
2 tablets at
after the test dru
g It can be
con
clud
edbe
dtime for 21
day
sthe pr
eparation ha
d goo
d hyp
notic
activity and
can
be used in inso
mnia
Tinospora
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
erglyc
emic
The
herba
l form
ulation
had
little
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
cordifolia
sanctum Picrorhiza
rats
effect on bloo
d suga
r conc
entrations
Trasina
an Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
but dos
es ind
uced a dos
e-related
form
ulation
on pa
ncreatic islet
cordifolia Withania
decrease in STZ hyp
erglyc
emia and
superox
ide dismutase activity in
somniferaDoses 100
attenu
ation of STZ ind
uced a decrease
hyperglyc
aemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
200 mg
kg PO
in islet supe
roxide dismutase activity in
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
13
per day
for 28 day
seu
glyc
aemic rats
Tinospora
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plants sign
ifican
tly inhibited the
carci-
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of so
me Indian
cordifolia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
noge
n oc
hratox
in-ind
uced supp
ression of
herbs on
macropha
ge fun
ctions
in
Tinospora cordifolia
chem
otactic activity and
the
production
ochratox
in A
treated
mice J
Withania somnifera
of interleukin-1 an
d tumor necrosis
Ethno
pharm 199
758
15ndash
20
factor or TNF-
aby
macropha
ges
Tinospora
Boerhavia diffusa
Golden
ham
sters
The
formulation ha
d a m
axim
um cure
Sohn
i YR B
hatt R
M Activity of a
cordifolia
Berberis aristata
with he
patic
rate of 73 at a dose of 800
mg
kg
crude ex
tract form
ulation in
Tinospora cordifolia
amoe
biasis
per day
in he
patic amoe
biasis
expe
rimen
tal he
patic am
oebiasis
Terminalia chebula
reducing
the
ave
rage
deg
ree of
and in im
muno
mod
ulation studies
Zingiber officinale D
ried
infection to 14 com
pared
to 42 for
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
654
(2ndash3
)119
ndash124
an
d pulverized
plants
controls
extracted in etha
nol
toge
ther and
ind
ividua
lly
Metronidaz
ole ad
ministered
as stand
ard the
rapy
496
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Tinospora
Boerhavia diffusa
Rats with caecal
Form
ulation
had
a curative
rate of
Sohn
i YR e
t al T
he antiamoe
bic effect
cordifolia
Berberis aristata
amoe
biasis
89 w
ith av
erag
e deg
ree of infection
of a cru
de dru
g in formulation
of
Tinospora cordifolia
(caecal am
oebiasis) (A
DI) red
uced to
herbal extracts ag
ains
t Entam
oeba
Terminalia chebula
04 in a group dos
ed w
ith 50
0histolytica in vitro
and in vivo J
Zingiber officinale
mg
kg per day
as co
mpa
red w
ith ADI
Ethno
pharm 199
545
(1)4
3ndash52
Dried
and
pulverized
of 38 for con
trols
plan
ts extracted
in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually
Metronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
yTinospora
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically admin-
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
cordifolia
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
ia from
istered postinfective
pr
einfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Salmonella typhi
sing
le a
nd m
ultiple doses of ex
tract
in m
ice with a trad
itiona
llyTerminalia chebula
and had
a significant the
rapeu
tic
prescribe
d crude dru
g form
ulation
Tinospora cordifolia
effect in reduc
ing septicemia
JEthno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aq
ueo
us alcoho
l etha
nol
1 stock
solution
used
to prepa
re dilu
tion
sOral or subc
utane
ous
administration
Tinospora
Alcoh
olic extracts of the
Rats
In rat brains Tinospora cordifolia
was
Sarm
a DNK et al Effect of Tinospora
cordifolia
roots of Tinospora
found
to po
ssess no
rmalizing activity
cordifolia
on brain neu
rotran
smitters
cordifolia
against stress-ind
uced cha
nges in
in stressed rats Fitoterap
ia 199
5no
repinep
hrine dop
amine
66(5)4
21ndash4
22
5-hy
droxy
tryp
tamine an
d 5-
hydroxy
indolea
cetic acid lev
els
Tinospora
Tinospora cordifolia
Rats
Treatmen
t with Tinospora cordifolia
Nag
arka
tti DS et al Mod
ulation of
cordifolia
indicated
a significant impr
ovem
ent
Kup
ffer cell activity by Tinospora
in K
upffer cell func
tion
and
a trend
cordifolia
in liver dam
age J
towards no
rmalization
Postgrad M
ed 199
440
(2)6
5ndash67
Tinospora
Tinospora cordifolia
16Ran
dom
ized
Septicemia did not occur in the
Reg
e N e
t al Im
mun
othe
rapy with
cordifolia
mg
kg per day
orally
controlle
dtrea
ted group as op
posed
to 50
in
Tinospora cordifolia
a new
lea
d in
trial 30
with
the untreated
group Pos
toperative
the man
agem
ent of obs
tructive
maligna
ntsu
rvival rate was 40
versu
s 92
4
jaun
dice Ind
ian JG
astroe
nterol
obstru
ctive
in untreated
versu
s trea
ted group
199312(1)5ndash8
jaund
ice
resp
ective
ly Tinospora cordifolia
appe
ared
to im
prove
surgical outcom
eby
stren
gthe
ning
host de
fens
es
497
(continued)
Tinospora cordifolia
Aqu
eous alcoho
lic a
ndAllo
xan-diabe
tic
The
extract exe
rted
a significant
Wad
ood N
et al Effect of Tinospora
chloroform
extracts of
rabb
its
hypo
glyc
emic effect in normal and
cordifolia
on blood
gluco
se and
leav
es of Tinospora cordifolia
alloxa
n-treated rabb
its Tinospora
total lip
id lev
els of normal and
Dose 50 100
150
and
cordifolia
had an insu
lin-like action
alloxa
n-diabe
tic rabb
its Planta Med
200 mg
kg bod
y weigh
tan
d can
significantly decrease bloo
d19
9258(2)131
ndash136
glucose but no
t total lip
id lev
els in
norm
al and
allo
xan-trea
ted rab
bits
Tinospora cordifolia
1 caps
ule 3
3pe
r day
with
30 patients with
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
luke
warm w
ater
calculi on
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
composite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs o
n containing
Asparagus
kidne
ys ureters
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus 5
0 mg
blad
ders
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n 19
92
Bergenia ligulata
100
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
6(2)104
ndash108
mg Eclipta alba
100
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
mg Myristica fragrans
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
10 m
g Tinospora
grea
ter than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
cordifolia1
00 m
gTribulus terrestris50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gTinospora
cordifolia
Pretreatm
ent of m
ice
Mice
Pretreatmen
t with Tinospora cordifolia
Tha
tte UM et al Im
muno
therap
eutic
with Tinospora cordifolia
or gen
tamicin decreased
mortality
mod
ification of Escherichia coli
in m
ice injected
with E coli from
100
periton
itis and
bacteremia by
in con
trols to 178
and
111
resp
ec-
Tinospora cordifolia
JPostgrad
tive
ly Pr
etreatmen
t sign
ifican
tly im
prove
d
Med
199
238
(1)1
3ndash15
ba
cterial clearanc
e as w
ell as improve
dpha
gocytic an
d intracellular ba
ctericidal
capa
cities of ne
utrop
hils in Tinospora
cordifolia
treated group
Tinospora cordifolia
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sh
arma RK Man
agem
ent
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Ugenic indica Pa
tien
ts w
ith
of con
gestive card
iac failu
re w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic hea
rt disease card
iomyo
pathy
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
and cor pulm
onale were give
n pow
der
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash126
Cedrus deodara
of Inula racemosa
while patients with
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rheu
matic hea
rt disease w
ere give
nTerminalia chebula
Commiphora mukulAfter 2 w
eeks
Tinospora cordifolia
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
498
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Trichosantes lobata
completely 2
had
bradyc
ardia a
ndInula racemosa2 g 8
2 were refractory
hourly Commiphora
mukul1
2 g 8
hourly Urgenic indica
100 mg 8 hou
rly
Tinospora cordifolia
Water extract of
Rats
The
extract impr
oved
cellular im
mune
Reg
e NN e
t al Mod
ulation of
Tinospora cordifolia
func
tion
s M
ortality rate following
immuno
supp
ression in obs
truc
-100 mg
kg for 7 day
sE coliinfection was red
uced
The
study
tive
jaund
ice by
Tinospora cordifolia
sh
owed
cho
lestasis resulted in im
muno
-Indian J Med
Res 198
990
478
ndash483
su
ppression an
d ind
icated
a need for
an immuno
mod
ulator to m
anag
e ob
stru
ctive jaund
ice
Tinospora cordifolia
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
Whe
n co
mpared
to co
ntrol grou
ps
Tha
tte UM Dah
anuka
r SA
Com
par-
Tinospora cordifolia
all four
dru
gs preve
nted
to va
rying
ative study of immuno
mod
ulating
gluc
an and
lithium
for
deg
rees leu
cope
nia Both indigen
ous
activity of Indian
med
icinal plants
15 day
splants were po
tent immuno
stim
ulants
lithium carbo
nate and
glucan
with effects co
mpa
rable to lithium
Metho
ds Find
Exp
Clin
Pha
rmacol
and glucan
1988
10(10
)639
ndash644
Tinospora cordifolia
Various ex
tracts of
Rats an
d rab
bits
Oral ad
ministration of alcoh
olic
Gupta SS
et al Anti-diabe
tic effects
Tinospora cordifolia
extracts cau
sed a decrease in fasting
of Tinospora cordifolia
Part I Effect
bloo
d sug
ar in rabb
its an
d rats D
aily
on fasting
blood
suga
r leve
l ad
ministration increa
sed the gluco
segluco
se toleran
ce and
adrena
line
toleranc
e in albino rats
induc
ed hyp
erglyc
aemia Ind
ian J
Med
Res 196
755
(7)7
33ndash7
45
Tribulus terrestris
LTribulus terrestris
Mice
Tribulus terrestris
polys
acch
arides had
Liu Q
et al A study of the
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
polysaccha
rides
no m
utag
enic effect on
mice but
protective effects of Tribulus
Gok
shura
protected
chrom
osom
e an
d D
NA
terrestris
polysaccha
ride on
Small caltrops
from
ind
uced
dam
age
gene
tic dam
age Z
hong
guZho
ngya
o Zaz
hi-C
hina
JChine
seMater M
ed 199
520
(7)4
27ndash4
29 44
9Tribulus terrestris
Aqu
eous extract of
Male rats
Metab
olism of ox
alate was studied
Sa
ngeeta D
et al Effect of Tribulus
Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus terrestris
administration
terrestris
on oxa
late m
etab
olism in
produced a significant decrease in
rats J
Ethno
pha
rm 199
444(2)
urina
ry oxa
late excretion
and
a61
ndash66
sign
ifican
t increase in urina
ryglyo
xylate excretion
com
pared to
sodium glyco
late fed
animals
Tribulus terrestris
Ethan
olic extract of fruits
Albino rats
Tribulus terrestris
show
ed significant
Ana
nd R
et al Activity of certain
of Tribulus terrestris
dose-dep
enden
t protection ag
ains
tfraction
s of Tribulus terrestris
fruits
uroliths
ind
uced
by glass be
adag
ains
t ex
perimen
tally
ind
uced
implantation in albino rats
urolithiasis in rats Ind
ian JE
xpBiol 19
9432(8)548
ndash552
499
(continued)
Tribulus terrestris
1 caps
ule 3
3pe
r day
30 patients with
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation
with luke
warm w
ater
calculi on
kidne
ys
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also in
of com
posite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
containing
Asparagus
ureters or
slow
ly disintegrating bo
th calcium
-on
calcu
li in the kidne
y an
d
racemosus5
0 mg
blad
ders
oxalate an
d calcium carbo
nate
the urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
crystals in a sp
an of 72
hou
rs and
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
mg Eclipta alba
100
complete disch
arging
of crystals
mg Myristica fragrans
within 15
ndash30 day
s C
omplete
10 m
g Tinospora
disch
arge
occur
red in grea
ter than
cordifolia 1
00 m
g80
of the pa
tien
ts
Tribulus terrestris 50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gTribulus terrestris
Dried
plant m
aterial of
Pregn
ant ew
es
The
inc
iden
ce of fetal brea
thing
Walke
r D e
t al So
me effects of
Tribulus terrestris
and the
ir
mov
emen
ts w
as significantly red
uced
feed
ing Tribulus terrestris Ipomoea
Ipomoea lonchophylla
fetuses
and did not sho
w a normal day
-night
Ionchophylla and
the
seed of
and Abelmoschus
variation in treated
groups
com
pared
Abelmoschus ficulneus
on fetal
ficulneus
to con
trols R
esults ind
icated
plants
dev
elop
men
t an
d the
outco
me of
may
con
tain sub
stan
ces that affect
pregn
ancy in sh
eep R
eproduc
func
tion
al dev
elop
men
t of fetal brain
Fertility D
ev 19924(2)135
ndash144
Altho
ugh inge
stion did not appe
ar to
affect the
outco
me of pregn
ancy
Tribulus terrestris
Sapo
nin of Tribulus
Con
trolled clin
ical
The
total efficacious
rate of rem
ission
Wan
g B e
t al 40
6 cases of ang
ina
terrestris
trial 40
6 cases
angina
pectoris was 823
It was
pectoris in coron
ary he
art disease
angina
pectoris
high
er tha
n the control grou
p with a
trea
ted w
ith sapon
in of Tribulus
67 treated
as
sign
ifican
t total effective rate (TER) of
terrestris
[Chine
se] Chu
ng H
si
controls
672 The
TER of ECG improve
men
t Chieh
Ho Tsa C
hih 19
901085
ndash87
(527
) was eve
n high
er tha
n that of
the co
ntrol grou
p (358
)Tribulus terrestris
Extract of the fruits of
Ana
esthetized
Ether extract produced diuresis an
dSing
h RCP Sisod
ia C
S Effect of
Tribulus terrestris
dog
sincrea
sed creatinine rena
l clearanc
eTribulus terrestris
fruit extracts on
that sugg
ests an increa
sed glomerular
chloride an
d creatinine rena
l filtration
rate The
aqu
eous
extract of
clearanc
es in dog
s Ind
ian JP
hysiol
the fruits produced no sign
ifican
tPha
rmacol 197
115
93ndash
96
effect
500
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Trigonella foenum-
Isoc
aloric diets w
itho
ut
Con
trolled clin
ical
Inge
stion of fen
ugreek
seed pow
der
Sharma RD e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic
graecum
L
and w
ith fenu
greek for 7
trial 60
resu
lted
in a sign
ifican
t reduction of
effect of fenu
greek seed
sA
LEGUMIN
OSA
Ean
d 24 weeks D
ose 25
gNID
DM
total ch
olesterol LDL VLDL and
chronic stud
y in non
-ins
ulin
Med
hika
fenu
greek seed
pow
der
subjects
triglyceride leve
ls T
he results
dep
enden
t diabe
tic pa
tien
ts P
hyto-
Fenu
greek
indicated
the
ben
eficial effect of
therap
y Res 199
610
332
ndash334
fenu
greek seed
s in diabe
tic su
bjects
Trigonella foenum-
Rats fed for 8 w
eeks the
Rat
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
graecum
follo
wing plants
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or the
ir active
Brassica sp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes of
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
uco
sa D
ietary
small intestinal m
ucosa in rats Int
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcumin capsaicin p
iperine an
dJ Fo
od Sci N
utr 199
547
(1)5
5ndash59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinalepr
ominen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases sucrase an
dTrigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetidabrou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
pho
spha
tases an
d sucrase The
positive influe
nces of a go
od numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
Trigonella foenum-
Extract of at lea
st 90
Normal and
The
se sap
onins sign
ifican
tly en
hanc
ed
Petit PR
et al Steroid sap
onins from
graecum
of steroid sap
onins from
diabe
tic rats
food
con
sumption
and
motivation to
fenu
greek seed
s Extraction pur
ifica-
the seed
of Trigonella
eat an
d red
uced
plasm
a ch
olesterol
tion and
pha
rmacolog
ical inv
estig
a-foenum
-graecum
125
leve
l in rats
tion
on feed
ing be
havior and
mg
d per 300 g w
eigh
tplasm
a ch
olesterol Steroids 19
95
60(10)674
ndash680
Trigonella foenum-
Pow
der of Trigonella
Normal and
The
extract and
residue
had
significant
Ali L e
t al Cha
racterization of the
graecum
foenum
graecum
seed
sdiabe
tic
hypo
glyc
emic effects w
hen fed sim
ul-
hypo
glyc
emic effects of Trigonella
metha
nol ex
tract an
dmod
el rats
tane
ously with gluc
ose
foenum
graecum
seed
Planta Med
residue remaining
after
1995
61(4)358
ndash360
metha
nol ex
traction
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek seed
sNormal and
Both unroa
sted
and
roa
sted
forms
Kho
lsa P e
t al E
ffect of Trigonella
graecum
unroasted and
roa
sted
alloxa
n-produced a significant red
uction in
foenum
graecum
(Fe
nugreek) on
powdered
seeds
indu
ced
total ch
olesterol triglyceride LDL an
dseru
m lipids in normal and
diabe
tic
low-dose 2 gkg
diabe
tic rats
VLDL in no
rmal rats decreased
the
irrats Ind
ian J Pha
rmacol 199
527
(2)
high
-dose 8 gkg
raised
lev
els and
inc
reased
HDL in
89ndash9
3diabe
tic rats
Trigonella foenum-
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Normal and
A significant dos
e-related decrease in
Kho
lsa P e
t al E
ffect of Trigonella
graecum
administered at 2 an
dalloxa
n-bloo
d gluco
se both in the
normal as
foenum
graecum
(Fe
nugreek) on
8 g
kg dose orally
indu
ced
well as diabe
tic rats a
nd an
bloo
d gluco
se in no
rmal and
diabe
tic rats
hypo
glyc
emic effect was observe
d
diabe
tic rats Ind
ian J Phy
siol
Pha
rmacol 199
539
(2)1
73ndash1
74
501
(continued)
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek seed
extract
Male W
istar rats
The
results sh
owed
lon
g-term
oral
Petit P e
t al E
ffects of a fenu
greek
graecum
administered orally
10
administration of fen
ugreek ex
tract
seed
extract on feed
ing be
haviou
r an
d 100
mg
day per 300
sign
ifican
tly increased foo
d intake
in the
rat Metab
olic end
ocrine
g weigh
tan
d the
motivation to eat T
he extract
correlates P
harm
acol Bioch
em
also ind
uced hyp
erinsu
linem
ia and
Beh
av 199
345
(2)3
69ndash3
74
hypoc
holesterolem
ia
Trigonella foenum-
Ethan
olic extract from
Hyp
erch
ol-
Red
uction
s in plasm
a ch
olesterol
Stark A Mad
ar Z
The
effect of
graecum
defatted fen
ugreek
esterolemic
leve
ls ran
ged from 18
ndash26
and
aan
ethan
ol extract derived
from
seed
s 30 or 50 g
rats
tend
ency
for low
er con
centration
s of
fenu
greek (Trigonella foenum-
etha
nolic
extractkg
for
liver cho
lesterol w
as observe
d
graecum) on
bile
acid absorption
a 4-week period
and cho
lesterol lev
els in rats
Br J Nutr 199
369
(1)2
77ndash2
87
Trigonella foenum-
100 g deb
ittered fen
ugreek
Clin
ical study 10
Inge
stion resu
lted
in a sign
ifican
tSh
arma RD e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic
graecum
powder for 20 day
shy
perlipidem
icdecrease in the
serum total cho
les-
effect of fenu
greek seed
s
terol LDL V
LDL an
d triglyc
eride
A clin
ical study Phy
tother R
es
leve
ls HDL lev
els were no
t altered
19915145
ndash147
bu
t the ratio with total ch
olesterol an
dLDL and
VLDL w
ere sign
ifican
tly
increa
sed
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek seed
pow
der
Ran
dom
ized
The
fen
ugreek diet sign
ifican
tly
Sharma RD e
t al Effect of fen
ugreek
graecum
(100
g) In 2 eq
ual doses
controlle
ddecreased
fasting
blood
sug
ar and
seed
s on
blood
gluco
se and
at lun
ch and
dinne
r for
trial 10
improve
d the
gluco
se toleran
ce test
seru
m lipids in typ
e I diabe
tes
10 day
sinsu
lin-
Seru
m total cho
lesterol LDL and
Eur JC
lin N
utr 199
044
(4)3
01ndash3
06
dep
enden
tVLDL and
triglyc
erides w
ere also
(typ
e I)
sign
ifican
tly reduced
diabe
tics
Trigonella foenum-
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
graecum
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
cyminum
Ferula
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepatic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
foetida Tamarindus
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
indica Trigonella
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Bioph
ys 198
926
(4)2
54ndash2
58
foenum
-graecum
graecum
also stimulated
the
lev
els of
Zingiber officinale
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
502
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Trigonella foenum-
Trigonella foenum-
Male rats
Daily oral trea
tmen
t with Trigonella
Ahs
an SK et al Effect of Trigonella
graecum
graecum
seed
for 4
foenum
-graecum
sign
ifican
tly decreased
foenum
-graecum
and Ammi majus
on
weeks
the qu
antity of calcium oxa
late dep
osited
calcium oxa
late urolithiasis in rats
in the
kidne
ys thu
s su
pporting
its use
JEthno
pharmacol 198926
(3)2
49ndash254
in Sau
di folk m
edicine
Trigonella foenum-
Twelve
plants used for
Mice
Of the 12
plants Agaricus
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Glycaem
ic
graecum
the trad
itiona
l treatm
ent
bisporus
and Ilex guayusash
owed
effects of traditiona
l Eur
opea
n of diabe
tes ad
ministered
poten
tial antidiabe
tic effect
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
as decoc
tion
s or
Stud
ies in normal and
strep
tozo
tocin
infusion
s for 28
day
sdiabe
tic mice D
iabe
tes Res 198
9Agaricus bisporus
10(2)6
9ndash73
Anacardium
occidentale Arctum
lappa Catharanthus
roseus D
aucus carota
Hum
ulus lupulus Ilex
guayusa Salvia
officinale Sambucus
nigra Taraxacum
officinale Trigonella
foenum
-graecum
Urtica
dioica
Trigonella foenum-
Pow
dered
fen
ugreek
Con
trolled clinical
Powdered
fen
ugreek seed
significantly
Mad
ar Z
et al G
luco
se-low
ering
graecum
seed
(15
g) so
aked
in
trial 21
decreased
subseq
uen
t po
stprand
ial
effect of fenu
greek in non
-ins
ulin
water
individuals
gluco
se lev
els The
plasm
a insu
lin
dep
enden
t diabe
tics Eur
JClin
with no
n-also ten
ded
to be
decreased
in
Nutr 198
842
51ndash
54
insu
linNID
DM but witho
ut a statistical
dep
enden
tdifferenc
e Fen
ugreek ha
d no
Diabetes
effect on lip
id lev
els 3 ho
urs after
mellitus
the mea
l toleranc
e test
(NID
DM)
Trigonella foenum-
Subfraction ldquoardquo co
ntains
Allo
xan-diabe
tic
Whe
n the ex
tract was added
to insu
linRibes G
et al Antidiabe
tic effects of
graecum
the testa end
osperm
dog
strea
tmen
t it resulted in a clear
subfractions
from fen
ugreek
in
and fibers of Trigonella
decrease of hyp
erglyc
emia and
diabe
tic dog
s Proc So
c Ex
p Biol
foenum
-graecum
glyc
osuria accom
panied
by a decrease
Med
198
618
2(2)159
ndash166
of the
high plasma gluc
agon
and
somatostatin leve
ls
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek
30 rats
Addition of fen
ugreek seed
s during
Mital N
Gop
aldas T E
ffect of
graecum
pregn
ancy
and
lactation
did not hav
efenu
greek (Trigonella foenum
any be
neficial effect on
growth of
graecum) seed
based
diets on
pup
s ov
er and
abo
ve tha
t seen
in
the lactationa
l pe
rforman
ce in
control grou
ps
albino
rats N
utr R
eports Int 198
633
(3)4
77ndash4
84
Trigonella foenum-
Defatted fractions
of
Dog
sThe
fraction decreased
the
basal
Ribes G
et al Effects of fenu
greek
graecum
fenu
greek seed
sbloo
d gluco
se lev
el plasma glucago
nseed
s on
end
ocrine
pan
crea
tic
somatostatin leve
ls a
nd decreased
the
secretions
in dog
s A
nn Nutr
orally ind
uced
hyp
erglyc
emia
Metab
198
428
(1)3
7ndash43
503
(continued)
Trigonella foenum-
Fraction
s of fen
ugreek
Dog
sAddition of fen
ugreek
fraction to the
Valette G
et al Hyp
ocho
lesteroa
emic
graecum
seed
food
of diabe
tic hy
percho
lesterolem
iceffect of fenu
greek seed
s in dog
sdog
s caused a significant decrease in
Atherlosclerosis 19
8450(1)105
ndash111
ch
olesterolemia an
d a decrease in
hyperglyc
emia The
defatted portion
of fen
ugreek
seed ind
uced an
hypoc
holesterolem
ic effect
Trigonella foenum-
Stem
s leave
s an
d seeds
Normal a
lloxa
n-
Trigo
nella
acetone
extract appe
ared
to
Gha
fgha
zi T e
t al Antag
onism of
graecum
of Trigonella foenum-
and cad
mium-
act at the
cellular leve
l to produ
ce its
cadm
ium and
allo
xan-indu
ced
graecum
were extracted
trea
ted rats
hypog
lycemic effects on no
rmal rats
hype
rglycemia in rats by Trigonella
for 3 day
s with water
or tho
se treated
with cadmium or
foenum
graecum
Pah
lavi M
ed J
aceton
e and
by soxh
let
alloxa
n19
778(1)1
4ndash25
70degC
Valeriana
450 or 900
mg of an
Ran
dom
dou
ble-
The
re w
as a significant decrease in
Leathw
ood PD C
hauffard F A
queo
usjatamansi
Jone
saq
ueou
s ex
tract of
blind study
sleep laten
cy w
ith 45
0 mg va
lerian
extract of valerian reduces latenc
y VALERIA
NACEAE
valerian
roo
tvo
lunteers
compa
red to placebo
The
highe
r dose
to fall asleep
in man
Planta Med
Indian squill
with mild
of valerian pr
oduced no
furthe
r19
852144
ndash148
Tag
ara
insomnia
improve
men
t in sleep
laten
cy
Indian va
lerian
Valeriana
jatamansi
Valeren
ic acid isolated
Mice
The
extract affected rotarod
and
Hen
driks
H e
t al C
entral nervo
us
from
Valeriana
traction
perform
ance of mice simila
rdep
ressan
t activity of va
lerenic
officinalis
to the
effect of pen
toba
rbital w
ith
acid in the mou
se P
lanta Med
Dose at IP01 mL per 20 g
chlorp
romaz
ine an
d diaze
pam
as
1985
128ndash
31
body weigh
treferenc
e su
bstanc
es It w
as con
-co
ncluded
tha
t va
lerenic acid had
specific
central ne
rvou
s dep
ressan
t properties
Valeriana
jatamansi
Aqu
eous
extract (450
Hum
an trial
Both dos
es red
uced pe
rceive
d sleep
Balderer G
Borbe
ly A
A Effect of
and 900 mg) of va
lerian
18 hea
lthy
latenc
y an
d w
ake time after sleep
valerian
on hu
man
sleep
root
subjects (10
onset In the
lab
only high
er doses
Psych
opha
rmacolog
y 19
8587
slep
t at hom
e
tested
no sign
ifican
t differenc
es from
406ndash
409
8 slep
t at
placebo
were ob
tained
Results
labo
ratory)
indicated
aqu
eous extract exerted
mild
hyp
notic action
504
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Valeriana
jatamansi
Decoc
tion
of Valeriana
Ran
dom
ized
Within 72
hou
rs cessation
of diarrhe
aChe
n S et al Infantile
rotav
irus
jatamansi G
roup A
trial 74
with
in groups
A B
C were 73
9 4
167
enteritis trea
ted w
ith he
rbal
treated w
ith Valeriana
rotaviru
san
d 5625
r
espe
ctively R
etur
n to
Valeriana jatamansi
(VJ) J
Trad
jatamansi g
roup B
enteritis (und
er
norm
al tem
perature w
as 9064
60
Chin Med
198
44(4)297
ndash300
co
ntrol with vitamins
2 ye
ars)
and 9230
r
espe
ctively sugg
esting
grou
p C stand
ard
antipyretic effect of Valeriana
allopa
thic treatmen
tjatamansi
Valeriana
jatamansi
Extract of va
lerian
roo
tDou
ble blind
Valerian pr
oduc
ed a significant
Cha
uffard F e
t al Detection
of
rand
omized
improve
men
t in sleep
qua
lity an
d the
mild
sed
ative effectsva
lerian
trial 12
8effect w
as m
ost marke
d in poo
ran
d sleep
in man
Exp
erientia
volunteers
sleepers smok
ers an
d hab
itua
l co
ffee
19813762
2drink
ers In co
ntrast sleep laten
cy
nigh
t aw
aken
ings
dream
recall an
dso
mno
lenc
e ne
xt day
were relative
lyuna
ffected
Vanda roxburghii
Glyco
side crys
tals
Rats
Vanda roxburghiiha
d no effect on
Prasad
DN A
chari G A study
R Br
obtained
from roo
ts of
acute reaction
following form
alde-
of anti-arthritic action
of Vanda
ORCHID
ACEAE
Vandra roxburghii
hyde injection bu
t effectively pr
e-roxburghiiin albino rats J
Rasna
Dose of 20 mg
kgve
nted
dev
elop
men
t of secon
dary
Indian Med
Assoc
196
646
(5)
Rasna
proliferative ch
ange
s in the
ank
le23
4ndash23
9joint an
d other small joints
Viola odorata
L
Hex
ane chloroform and
Rab
bits
Sign
ifican
t oral antipyretic activity
Kha
ttak
SG et al Antipyretic studies
VIO
LACEAE
water-solub
le extracts of
was exh
ibited
by ex
tracts of Artemisia
on som
e indigen
ous Pa
kistan
i Ban
aphs
haArtemisia absinthium
absinthium
Viola odorata Melia
med
icinal plants JEthno
pha
rmW
ild violet
Viola odorata M
elia
azadirachta
and Fum
aria parviflora
198514(1)45ndash
51
azadirachta
and
compa
rable to asp
irin N
o ob
viou
sFumaria parviflora
toxic effects were no
ted for any
plant
extracts
Vitis vinifera
L
D-glucaric acid dietary
Rats
The
D-glucarates reduced total serum
Walaszek Z et al
D-glucaric acid
VITACEAE
sources inc
lude grap
esch
olesterol in rats by
up to 14
conten
t of various
fru
its an
d
Draksha
and lettuce for exa
mple
(p
005
) an
d low
ered
LDL by up to
vege
tables and
cho
lesterol-low
ering
Grape
s35
(p
005
) bu
t ha
d no effect on
effects of dietary D-glucarate in the
HDL
rat Nutr Res 199
616(4)6
73ndash6
81
Vitis vinifera
Vitis vinifera
seed
sRats
The
extract inh
ibited
the
carrage
en-
Zafirov
D e
t al A
ntiexu
dative
and
pu
rified
and
enriche
dinduced hind paw
edem
a The
secapilla
ritonic effects of procy
ani-
fraction
Procy
anidines
compo
unds also inh
ibited
the
dex
tran
-dines isolated from grape seed
dose 2 mg
kg for 3
3induced edem
a 4 ho
urs after the
(Vitis vinifera) Acta Phy
siol
per day
for 6 day
sdev
elop
men
t of the
process
Pha
rmacol Bulg 199
016
(3)5
0ndash54
Withania
Aqu
eous
susp
ension
of
Stress-ind
uced
Simultane
ous oral administration of
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of ash
wag
andha
somnifera
(L)
root extract of 10
0rabb
its an
dWithania somnifera
preve
nted
the
rise
on lipid perox
idation in stress-
Duna
lmg
kg Withania
mice
in lipid perox
idation in rab
bits and
induced animals J Ethno
-SO
LANACEA
Esomnifera
mice
pha
rm 199
860
173
ndash178
Ashwag
andha
Winter ch
erry
505
(continued)
Withania somnifera
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plan
ts significantly inh
ibited
the
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of som
e Indian
Picrorhiza kurrooa
carcinog
en och
ratoxin-induced
herbs on
macroph
age
Tinospora cordifolia
supp
ression of che
motactic activity
func
tion
s in och
ratoxin A treated
Withania somnifera
and the
produc
tion
of interleu
kin-1
mice J Ethno
pha
rm 199
758
an
d TNF-
aby
macroph
ages
15ndash2
0Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
root
Mice
The
extract atten
uated the
dev
elop
men
t of
Kulkarni SK N
inan
I Inhibition
of
extract
toleranc
e to the
ana
lgesic effect of
morph
ine toleranc
e an
d
morph
ine A
lso up
pressed m
orphine
-dep
enden
ce by Withania somnifera
swithd
rawal ju
mps a sign of dep
enden
cein m
ice J Ethno
pha
rm 199757
(3)
to opiate
213ndash
217
Withania somnifera
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
erglye
mic
The
herba
l form
ulation ha
d little
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
sanctum Picrorhiza
rats
effect on bloo
d suga
r co
ncen
trations
Trasina
an
Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
but doses ind
uced
a dose-related
form
ulation
on pan
crea
tic islet
cordifolia W
ithania
decrease in STZ hyp
erglyc
emia and
supe
roxide dismutase activity in
somniferaD
oses 100
attenu
ation of STZ ind
uced
a decrease
hype
rglycaem
ic rats Ind
ian J
200 mg
kg PO 1
3in islet supe
roxide dism
utase activity in
Exp
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
pe
r day
for 28 day
seu
glyc
aemic rats
Withania somnifera
75 m
etha
nolic
extract
Mice
The
extract w
as fou
nd to sign
ifican
tly
Kuttan
G Use of Withania somnifera
of Withania somnifera
decrease total white blood
cell co
unt
L Dun
al as an
adjuva
nt during
an
d red
uce leu
copen
ia ind
uced by
radiation
the
rapy Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
subletha
l do
ses of gam
ma radiation
19
9634(9)854
ndash856
Withania somnifera
Roo
ts of Withania
Mice
A significant m
odulation of immun
eZiauddin M
et al Studies on the
somnifera
reactivity w
as observe
d as was
immuno
mod
ulatory effects of
immuno
stim
ulatory activity
Ashwag
andh
a J Ethn
opha
rm19
9650(2)69ndash
76
Withania somnifera
Witha
ferin A a
steroidal
Mice
Witha
ferin A w
as effective
in inhibiting
Sh
arad
a AC et al Antitumor and
lacton
e from
Withania
grow
th of Ehrlic
h ascites tumor in
radiosens
itizing effects of w
itha
-somnifera
mou
se
ferin A on mou
se Ehr
lich ascites
carcinom
a in vivo A
cta Onc
ol
1996
35(1)95ndash
100
Withania somnifera
Witha
ferin A a
steroidal
Mice
Witha
ferin A inh
ibited
tum
or growth
Dev
i PU e
t al In vivo grow
th
lacton
e from
Withania
and inc
reased
tum
or free su
rvival in a
inhibitory and
rad
iosens
itizing
somnifera
dose-dep
enden
t man
ner
effects of w
itha
ferin A on mou
se
Ehr
lich ascites carcinom
a C
ancer
Lett 19
9595(1ndash
2)189
ndash193
506
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Withania somnifera
Aqu
eous extract of
Mice
Withania somnifera
show
ed significant
Grand
hi A
et al A
com
parative
powdered
roo
t of
antistress activity an
d significant
pha
rmacolog
ical inv
estiga
tion
of
Withania somnifera
anab
olic activity
Ash
wag
andha
and
Ginseng
JE
thno
pha
rm 199
444
131
ndash135
Withania somnifera
Alcoh
ol extract from
Mice an
d rats
LD
50calculated
as 12
60 m
gkg
bod
ySh
arad
a AC e
t al Tox
icity of
roots of Withania
weigh
t for 30
day
s resu
lted
in no
Withania somnifera
root extracts in
somnifera
mortality or cha
nges in pe
riph
eral
rats and
mice Int J Pha
rmacog
bloo
d con
stituen
ts
1993
31(3)205
ndash212
Withania somnifera
Alcoh
olic roo
t ex
tract of
Mice
The
extract had
a tumor inh
ibiting
Dev
i PU
et al Antitumor and
Withania somnifera
effect a
cted
as a radiosens
itizer a
ndradiosens
itizing effects of Withania
heat enh
anced the
se effects
somnifera
(Ash
wag
andha
) on
a
tran
splantab
le m
ouse tum
or
Sarcom
a 18
0 Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
1993
3160
7ndash61
1Withania somnifera
1 capsu
le 3
3pe
r day
30 patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
composite Ayu
rved
ic d
rugs
on
containing
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus5
0 mg
ureters or
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
blad
ders
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
6(2)199
210
4ndash10
8mg Eclipta alba
100
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
mg Myristica fragrans
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
10 m
g Tinospora
greater than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
cordifolia
100
mg
Tribulus terrestris50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gWithania somnifera
Metha
nolic
fraction of
Rats
Anti-inflam
matory activity retaine
d in
Al-H
inda
wi MK e
t al A
nti-g
ranu
loma
aerial parts of Withania
the ex
tract an
d w
as com
parab
le to that
activity of Iraq
i Withania somnifera
somnifera
of a 5 m
gkg
dos
e of hyd
roco
rtison
eJ Ethno
pha
rm 199
237
113
ndash116
so
dium succinate
Withania somnifera
Witha
ferin A
Rats
Treatmen
t with W
itha
ferin A aga
inst
Sudhir S Bud
hiraja R
D Com
parison
CCl4 ind
uced
hep
atotox
icity
of the
protective effect of With
afferin
possessed
significant protective
lsquoArsquo an
d hyd
roco
rtison
e ag
ains
t effect W
itha
ferin A w
as sho
wn to be
CCL4 induc
ed hep
atox
icity in rats
as effective
as hy
droco
rtison
e dose
Indian
JPhy
siol Pha
rmacol 199
2per dos
e36
(2)1
27ndash1
29
Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Osteo
arthritis patients were rand
omly
Kulka
rni RR e
t al Treatmen
t of
450 mg Boswellia
placeb
o-allocated to receive the placebo
or the
osteoa
rthr
itis w
ith a he
rbal
serrataOleo gu
m resin
controlle
dhe
rbom
ineral formulation
Aform
ulation
A dou
ble-blind
100 mg Curcuma longa
trial 42
sign
ifican
t drop was noted
in the
placebo
-con
trolled c
ross-
rhizom
e 50
mg and
patien
tsseve
rity of pain (p
000
1) and
over study JEthno
pharm
zinc
com
plex 50 mg
disab
ility sco
re (p
005
)19
9133(1ndash
2)91ndash
95
507
(continued)
Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Withania somnifera
was supe
rior in
Karnick
CR A dou
ble-blind placebo
-po
wder extract D
ose
placeb
o-effect to gins
eng root pow
der relative
controlle
d clin
ical study on
the
250 mg 23
per day
controlle
dto baseline perform
ance integrated
effects of Withania somnifera
La
nd
for 40 day
sclinical trial
sens
ory-motor func
tion
an
d au
ditory
Panax ginseng extracts on
psy
cho-
30 hea
lthy
reaction
Both Withania somnifera
motor perform
ance in he
althy
male an
dan
d Panax ginseng
grou
ps pe
rformed
Indian
volun
teers Ind
ian Med
females
statistically
better co
mpa
red to
1991
3(23)1
ndash5
placebo
in men
tal arithm
etic and
motor fun
ction
Withania somnifera
80 ethan
olic extract of
Rats with
Results sho
wed
tha
t the plants possessed
Al-Hindaw
i MK e
t al Anti-inflam
-Achillea santolina
carrag
eena
n-va
rying deg
rees of an
tiinflam
matory
matory activity of so
me Iraq
i Apium
graveolens
indu
ced
activity in the follo
wing descend
ing
plants using
intact rats J
Matricaria chamomilla
paw edem
aorder Withania somnifera Apium
Ethno
pha
rm 198
926
(2)1
63ndash1
68
Myrtus communis
graveolens Achillea santolina Matricaria
Withania somnifera
and
chamomilla Myrtus communis
acetylsalic
ylic acid used
as stand
ard dru
gWithania somnifera
Thr
ee plants lack
ing
Feed
ing trials
All plan
ts produc
ed hep
atic lesions
Arseculeratne et al S
tudies of
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
in rats
that inc
luded
cen
tral vein
med
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Aegle marmelos
abno
rmalities Terminalia chebula
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eHemidesmus indicus
and Withania somnifera
produced
trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs J
Terminalia chebula
marke
d ren
al lesions
Ethno
pha
rm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
Pow
dered
dried
roo
t of
Human
trial
The
extract w
as effective
in a nu
mbe
rBector NP e
t al R
ole of Withania
Withania somnifera
63 patients
of acu
te rhe
umatoid arthritis cases
somnifera
L (A
shwag
andha
) in
and in some with ch
ronic rheu
matoid
variou
s type
s of arthr
opathies
arthritis with acute exa
cerbations
Ind JM
ed R
es 1
96856(10)158
1ndash15
83
TPA tissu
e plasm
inog
en activator H
MG C
oA h
ydroxy
methy
l glutaryl coen
zyme A U
SAN U
nited States Adop
ted N
ames IV intrav
enou
sly IP intraperiton
eally
ED
50 m
edian effective do
se P
GE2 prostag
land
in E
2 G
SH g
lutathione
CSF
AUC C
max L
D50 m
edian lethal dose bid twice daily tid thr
ee tim
es daily
508
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 509
KHAN AND BALICK510
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 511
KHAN AND BALICK512
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 513
KHAN AND BALICK514
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 515
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 407
als such as minerals and animal products Inmany parts of the world traditional medicineis still used to provide the major part of pri-mary health care The World Health Organiza-tion has estimated that the majority of theworldrsquos population depends on botanical med-icines for basic health care needs (Akerele1985) Reasons for this include the fact thatthese local systems are culturally acceptablecheaper for many conditions as compared tobiomedicine and efficacious in many of the cir-cumstances in which they are used
In a recent editorial in the New England Jour-nal of Medicine the editors cautioned against the
use of herbal medicines as ldquoa reversion to irra-tional approaches to medical practicerdquo (Angelland Kassirer 1998) In this paper we have at-tempted to dispel the all-too-commonly heldnotion that no clinical or other evidence existsto support the use of plants used in traditionalmedical systems We acknowledge that someof the studies are not as rigorous as desired be-cause of resource or other limitations How-ever the work described in this review canserve to help guide future studies by pointingout promising therapies and thus research av-enues for specific conditions In the case ofAyurvedic medicine Indian journals often re-
FIG 1 Ayurvedic medicinal plant uses classified according to the treatment categories (Based on human studiesn 5 66)
FIG 2 US Pharmacopoeia drug uses classified according to the treatment categories From Cox 1994
gional or those published by individual re-search centers are rich in experimental studiesas well This exercise has also pointed out theneed for access to such publications via greaterinternational cooperation involving informa-tion exchange
This study has been limited by our own ac-cess to information and there are numerous ad-ditional journals that contain information onplants and complex mixtures of plants pre-pared according to traditional formulationsused in the Ayurvedic medical system Wehave undertaken this task in the hope that someof the initial studies presented may help to di-rect research on plants deserving of more in-tensive evaluation as clinical therapies
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful to Scott Gerson MD PhDmedical director of the National Institute ofAyurvedic Medicine Brewster NY for pro-viding us with a listing of the species ofAyurvedic medicinal plants discussed in thispaper We would like to thank the followingthe NAPRALERT staff for providing informa-tion on clinical trials The New York BotanicalGarden Library (for interlibrary loans) JenniferCooper of Naturersquos Herbs for providing refer-ences on some of the plants The Asian Eco-nomic Botany Fund of The New York BotanicalGarden (for funding travel and SK salary) andThe New York Botanical Garden Institute of
Economic Botany Bronx NY staff and internsJan Stevenson Kate Armstrong (1998 EverettPublic Service Intern) Kelvin Chan (volunteer)with special thanks to Rebekka Stone (ResearchAssistant) and Roberta Lee MD We wouldalso like to express our gratitude to GerryBodeker EdD for his thoughtful commentson the piece and to Jackie Wootton MEd andKim Jobst MA DM MRCP MFHom
We are also grateful to The Philecology Trustand The Metropolitan Life Foundation for theirgenerous support of Michael Balickrsquos researchprogram in ethnomedicine
REFERENCES
Angell M Kassirer JP Alternative medicine The risks ofuntested and unregulated remedies [editorial] N Eng-land J Med 1998339839ndash841
Akerele O The WHO Traditional Medicine ProgrammePolicy and Implementation International TraditionalHealth Newsletter Geneva Switzerland World HealthOrganizations 198511
Balick MJ Good Botanical Practices In Eskinazi D (ed)Botanical Medicine Efficacy Quality Assurance andRegulation Larchmont NY Mary Ann Liebert Inc1999121ndash125
Barrett B Kiefer D Rabago D Assessing the risks andbenefits of herbal medicine An overview of scientificevidence Altern Ther Health Med 19995(4)40ndash49
Cox P The ethnobotanical approach to drug discoveryStrengths and limitations In Chadwick D Marsh J(eds) Ethnobotany and the Search for New Drugs JohnWiley amp Sons 199425ndash36
Address reprint requests toMichael J Balick PhD
The New York Botanical GardenBronx NY 10458
E-mail mbalicknybgorg
KHAN AND BALICK408
The Foundation for the Revitilization of Local HealthTraditions (wwwfrlht-indiaorg) founded by DarshanShankar in 1991 is one such pioneering organization ded-icated to the conservation of Indian biodiversity and lo-cal health traditions and cultures
409
APPENDIX toTherapeutic Plants of AyurvedaTables 1 and 2 and Illustrations
410
TABLE 1 AYURVEDIC PLANTS WITH HUMAN STUDIES
Aegle marmelos Irritable bowel syndromeShigellosis
Allium cepa ColicHyperlipidemiaScar treatmentStomach carcinoma
Aloe barbendensis AntidiabeticBurn woundsPsoriasis
Andrographis paniculata Common cold (23)Fever sore throatHepatocellular jaundicePyuria hematuriaStenosis restenosisViral hepatitis
Areca catechu Diphyllobothrium latum infectionInflammatory bowel disease
Artemisia vulgaris Postoperative blood loss bacteriuriaAsparagus racemosus Calculi on kidney urinary bladder
Gastric emptyingAzadirachta indica Congestive heart failure
Mosquito repellant (23)ScabiesVaginal contraceptiveVitiligo
Bacopa monnieri Irritable bowel syndromeBoerhavia diffusa Congestive heart failureBoswellia serrata Ulcerative colitis
OsteoarthritisRheumatoid arthritis
Butea monosperma GiardiasisWorm infestations Ascaris lumbricoides
Capsicum annuum Cluster headaches (23)Diabetic neuropathy (23)Herpes zosterHerpetic neuralgia (33)Local stump pain due to amputationPost herpetic neuralgia (23) Postmastectomy pain syndromeSmall fiber function
Carum carvi ObstipationCedrus deodara Congestive heart failureCocos nucifera Coronary heart disease
ImmunotherapyOral rehydration therapy
Cuminum cyminum Diabetes mellitusCurcuma longa Cancerous lesions (external)
Gastric ulcersOsteoarthritisScabiesSerum lipid peroxides (decrease)Urinary mutagens (decrease)
Cyperus rotundus Intestinal metaplasia atypical hyperplasia of gastricmucosa
Daucus carota Inhibition of endogenous nitrosationMalignant mesotheliomaMetabolic parameters (no adverse changes)Oxidation in copper-oxidized LDL (decrease)Risk of vulvar cancer (decrease)
Dolichos biflorus Binding to healthy oral mucosaEmbelia ribes Acne vulgaris
Worm infestation Ascaris lumbricoidesEmblica officinalis Gastrointestinal disease
Serum cholesterol levelsViral hepatitis
Eugenia jambolana Decreases in mean blood sugar valuesFoeniculum vulgare Chronic nonspecific colitis
411
Glycyrrhiza glabra Acne vulgarisChronic duodenal ulcers (23)Chronic hepatitisHyperkalemia in Diabetes mellitus
Gossypium herbaceum Male antifertility (33)Gymnema sylvestre Mean blood sugar values (decrease) (23)
Serum lipids (decrease)Sweetness perception (decrease)
Holarrhena antidysenterica Facial acneHydrocotyle asiatica ShigellosisLinum usitatissimum N-3 fatty acids (increase)
Postprandrial glucose (decrease)Mallotus philippensis Worm infestations Ascaris lumbricoidesMoringa oleifera Perceived pain relief accelerated expulsion of wormsMucuna pruriens Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMyristica fagrans Calculi in kidneys and urinary bladderNardostachys jatamansi Facial acneNelumbo nucifera HyperlipidemiaOcimum sanctum Non-insulin dependent Diabetes mellitusOryza sativa Oral rehydration therapyPaederia foetida ShigellosisPeucedanum graveolens Vitamin Ab-carotene contentPicrorhiza kurrooa Bronchial asthma
Congestive heart failureViral hepatitisVitiligo
Piper longum Bioavailability of certain drugs (increase)Disappearance of Giardia lamblia
Piper nigrum No damage to human gastric mucosaPueraria tuberosa Migraine headachesRaphanus sativus No adverse effects to metabolic parametersRheum emodi Prevent chronic renal failureRicinus communis Binding of healthy oral mucosaRubia cordifolia Cardiac functionSalvadora persica Peridontal diseaseSantalum album Facial acne
Urinary tract infectionSaussurea lappa Reduced frequency of anginaSesamum indicum WartsStrychnos nux-vomica Nonketotic hyperglycemiaSwertia chirata Decrease in mean blood sugar valuesTamarindus indica Bioavailability of drugs (increase) (23)
Decrease pain accelerated expulsion of wormsTaraxacum officinale Chronic colitisTephrosia purpurea Decrease in mean blood sugar valuesTerminalia arjuna Severe refractory heart failure
Stable angina pectorisTerminalia bellirica Acne vulgarisTerminalia chebula Acne vulgaris
Congestive cardiac failureTinospora cordifolia Calculi on kidney or urinary bladder
Congestive heart failureManagement of obstructive jaundice
Tribulus terrestris Calculi on kidney and urinary bladderRemission of angina pectoris
Trigonella foenum-graecum Hypolipidemic effect (23)Postprandial glucose levels (decrease)Total cholesterol LDL VLDL triglycerides (decrease)
Valeriana jatamansi Infantile rotavirus enteritisMild hypnotic actionMild insomnia decrease sleep latencySleep quality
Withania somnifera Calculi on kidney and urinary bladderOsteoarthritisPsychomotor performanceRheumatoid arthritis
LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol VLDL very low-density lipoprotein cho-lesterol
412
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Acorus calamus
L
Alcoh
olic extract of dried
Rats
Decrease in sev
erity of m
axim
um
Martis G et al Neu
roph
armacolog
ical
ACORACEAE
rhizom
es 1 kg
coa
rse
electric sho
ck ind
uced seizu
res in rats
activity of Acorus calamus
L
Vacha
pow
der
was dem
onstrated
Fitoterapia LXII 1
991433
1ndash33
7Sw
eet Flat
Acorus calamus
Ethan
olic extract of Acorus
Rats m
ice
Extract has sho
wn sedative ana
lgesic
Voh
ora SB
et al Cen
tral nervo
uscalamus rhizo
mes H
ot
mod
erately hy
potensive an
dsy
stem
studies on an
ethan
ol
extract distilla
tion
33
resp
iratory qu
alities
extract of Acorus calamus
L
poo
led c
oncentrated
rhizom
es J E
thno
pharm
and dried
1990
2853
ndash62
Aegle marmelos
Dried
unr
ipe fruit pow
der
Ran
domized
Treatmen
t of shige
llosis with these
Haider R
et al Eva
luation of ind
ige-
(L) Correcirca
of Aegle marmelos
dou
ble-blind
plan
ts did not sho
w any
clin
ical
nous plan
ts in the trea
tmen
t of
RUTACEAE
dried
pow
der plant of
clinical trial
impr
ovem
ent or bacteriolog
ical cure
acute shige
llosis Trop G
eogr M
edBilu
aHydrocotyle asiatica
82 m
en w
ith
as com
pared to am
picillin
1991
43(3)266
ndash270
Bael tree
dried
pow
der of Poederia
shigellosis
foetida
Aegle marmelos
Metha
nolic
extract of root
Mice
Extract inh
ibited
the
spo
ntan
eous
Kak
iuch
i N et al Effects of co
nstitu-
bark Aegle marmelos
beating rate of cu
ltured m
ouse
ents of Beli (Aegle marmelos
L) on
10
0 mg
mL
myo
card
ial cells
by ap
proximately
spon
tane
ous be
ating an
d calcium-
50
paradox
of myo
card
ial cells
Plan
ta
Med
199
157
(1)4
3ndash46
Aegle marmelos
Ayu
rved
ic preparation
Clin
ical trial
In 57 pa
tien
ts A
yurved
ic prepa
ration
Yad
av SK e
t al Irritable bo
wel syn
-Aegle marmelos
and
rand
omized
was effective
in 649 w
hile stand
ard
drome the
rapeu
tic ev
alua
tion
of
Bacopa monnieri
controlle
d
therap
y (w
ith clidinium bromide
indigen
ous dru
gs Ind
ian J Med
Res
169 pa
tien
tsch
lord
iaze
poxide isaph
aghu
lla) in
1989
9049
6ndash50
3with irritable
60 patients was useful 78
3 L
ong-
bowel
term
follow-up sh
owed
both form
s of
synd
rome
therap
y were no
better than
placebo
in lim
iting the relaps
e
Aegle marmelos
Plants lack
ing pyrroliz
idine
Feed
ing
To test tox
icity of plants plants
Arseculeratne
SN e
t al Stud
ies
alka
loids Aegle marmelos
trials in rats
prod
uced
hep
atic lesions
tha
t included
of m
edicinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Hemidesmus indicus
central ve
in abn
ormalities Terminalia
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eTerminalia chebula
chebulaan
d Withania somnifera
trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs
JWithania somnifera
prod
uced
marke
d ren
al lesions
Ethno
pha
rm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
413
(continued)
Aegle marmelos
Aqu
eous decoc
tion
s of
Lab
oratory
All plan
ts dem
onstrated significant
Karuna
naya
ke EH e
t al Oral hy
po-
Aegle marmelos
anim
als
hypo
glyc
emic effect in the
ir ability to
glyc
emic activity of som
e med
icinal
Momordica charantia
decrease the fasting bloo
d gluco
seplants of Sri Lan
ka J Ethno
pha
rm
Salacia reticulata
leve
l an
d impr
ove gluc
ose toleranc
e19
8411(2)223
ndash231
Momordica charantia
had the
highe
steffect w
hile Salacia reticulataha
d the
lowest
Alangium
Extracted
with n-
Mice ex
tract
Sage
is a po
tent inh
ibitor of TPA-ind
uced
Oku
yama T et al Studies on
can
cer
salviifolium
(Lf)
hexa
ne ethy
l acetate
exam
ined
mou
se ear edem
a A
ntitum
or
bioc
hemop
reve
ntion of natural
Wan
gerin
and m
etha
nol
on TPA-
promoting activity guided
the
resourcesX
1
inhibitory effect of
ALA
NGIA
CEAE
Alls
pice b
asil bay
induc
ed ear
separation of the
relatively active
spices onTPA
-enh
anced 3H-cho
line
Ank
ola
leav
es card
amom
seed
edem
asp
ices and
led
to the isolation of
inco
rporation in pho
spho
lipids of
Sage
leave
scinn
amon
cu
min d
illursolic acid from sag
e A
ll plan
tsC3h
10T1
2 cells
and
on TPA
-seed
dry ginge
rwere high
ly poten
t inhibitors of TPA
-induc
ed m
ouse ear edem
a
ging
er h
orseradish
induc
ed m
ouse ear edem
aChin Pha
rm J 199
547
(5)4
21ndash4
30
marjoram oreg
ano
parsley pink pep
per
red pe
ppe
r ros
emary
sage
tarrag
on thym
eturm
eric w
hite pep
per
Allium
cepaL
Allium
cepaintake
Mailed
To assess relations
hips am
ong
Lus
t KD e
t al Materna
l intake
of
ALL
IACEAE
question
naire
compon
ents of the materna
l diet an
dcruc
iferou
s ve
getables and
other
Palan
du
272 mothe
rs
presenc
e of colic sym
ptom
s am
ong
food
s an
d colic sym
ptom
s in
Onion
infants
527
3ex
clusive
ly breast-fed infan
ts S
tudy
exclusive
ly breast-fed infan
ts J A
m
reve
aled
initial eviden
ce tha
t materna
lDietetic Assoc
199
696(1)4
6ndash48
intake
of on
ions
during
exclusive
breast-feeding is assoc
iated w
ith co
licsymptoms in you
ng infan
ts
Allium
cepa
Allium
cepaan
d Allium
Nethe
rlan
ds
Strong
inv
erse assoc
iation
between on
ion
Doran
t E et al Con
sumption of onion
sativum
cons
umption
Coh
ort Study
cons
umption an
d stomach carcinom
aan
d red
uced risk of stomach
on diet an
d
carcinom
a G
asterolenterolog
y canc
er n
519
96110
(1)1
2ndash20
12
085
2 men
an
d w
omen
55
ndash69 ye
ars
Allium
cepa
Aqu
eous
extracts of
Rats
Garlic
and
onion
can
be inge
sted
Bordia T
et al An ev
aluation of
Allium
cepaor Allium
freq
uen
tly in low
dos
es w
itho
ut an
yga
rlic and
onion
as an
tithrombo
tic
sativum
administered
side
effects a
nd can
still pr
oduc
e a
agen
ts P
rostag
land
ins Le
uko
Essen
torally or intrap
eri-
sign
ifican
t an
tithrombo
tic effect
Fatty Acids 19
9654(3)183
ndash186
tone
ally d
aily for
4 weeks
414
Allium
cepa
Con
tractube
x ge
lClin
ical trial 3
8In C
ontractube
x grou
p e
valuation of
Marag
akis M
et al Possibilities of
(Mertz 1
Co D-
child
ren with
therap
eutic resu
lt w
as ldquogo
odrdquo an
dscar treatmen
t after thoracic
Fran
kfurtMain)
scar formation
ldquovery go
odrdquo in 84
of cases as
surgery D
rugs
Und
er Exp
Clin
containing
10
onion
after thoracic
compared
to 59
of untreated
cases
Res 199
521
(5)1
99ndash2
06
extract 50
U sod
ium
surgery
In treated
group
scar size w
ashe
parin
g of gel and
1
Con
tract-
marke
dly low
er q
uicke
r paling and
allantoin
ubex
-treated
conv
ersion
to hy
pertroph
ic or ke
loidal
and 27
scars was less freq
uen
t Sc
ar specific
untrea
ted
effects of C
ontractube
x persisted
after
compared
the en
d of trea
tmen
tAllium
cepa
S-methy
l cy
steine
Allo
xan-
Administration of SM-C
S sign
ifican
tly
Kumari K et al Antidiabe
tic an
d
sulpho
xide (SM-C
S)diabe
tic rats
controlle
d blood
gluco
se lip
id serum
hy
polip
idem
ic effects of S-methy
l isolated
from onion
an
d altered
the
activities of liver
cysteine
sulfox
ide isolated
from
Oral ad
ministration
hexo
kina
se g
luco
se 6-pho
spha
tase
Allium
cepaLinn Ind
J Bioch
emdaily at a dose of 200
and H
MG C
oA red
uctase toward
Biophy
sics 199
532
(1)4
9ndash54
mg
kg bod
y weigh
t for
norm
al Effects of SM-C
S were
45 day
sco
mparab
le to those of glib
enclam
ide
and ins
ulin
Allium
cepa
Allium
cepa Allium
27 hea
lthy
Tolbu
tamide Cucurbita ficifolia Phaseolus
Rom
an R
R et al Antihyp
erglyc
emic
sativa Brassica oleracea
rabb
its
vulgaris Opuntia streptacantha Spinacea
effect of some ed
ible plants
Cucurbita ficifolia
oleracea Cucum
is sativusa
nd Cum
inum
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
548
(1)2
5ndash32
Cum
inum
cyminum
cyminum
sign
ifican
tly decreased
the
Cucum
is sativus Lactuca
area und
er the
gluco
se toleran
ce cur
vesativa Opuntia
and the
hyp
erglyc
emic pea
k Brassica
streptacantha Phaseolus
oleracea Allium
cepa an
d Allium
vulgaris Psidum guajava
sativum
only decreased
the
Spinacea oleracea
hype
rglycemic peak The
glycemic
decreases cau
sed by Psidum guajava
Brassica oleracea
and Lactuca sativa
were no
t sign
ifican
tAllium
cepa
Oral ad
ministration of
Allo
xan-
Diabe
tic co
ndition ch
aracterized by
Sheela C
G et al Anti-diabe
tic
onion su
lfox
ide am
ino
diabe
tic rats
glucose intoleran
ce w
eigh
t loss
effects on
onion
and
garlic
acids
dep
letion
of liv
er glyco
gen im
prove
dsu
lfox
ide am
ino acids in rats
compared
to rats treated
with
Planta Med
ica 19
9561(4)356
ndash357
gliben
clam
ide an
d ins
ulin
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
415
(continued)
Allium
cepa
Allium
cepaaq
ueou
sMice
A significant inc
rease in the
weigh
t of
Al-Bek
airi A
M e
t al Tox
icity studies
extract give
n to m
ice for
testes and
epididym
us of the
treated
on Allium
cepa its effect on
3 mon
ths at a dose of
anim
als was observe
d Sp
erm cou
ntestrad
iol trea
ted m
ice an
d on
100 mg
kg in the
was significantly inc
reased
supp
orting
ep
ididym
al spe
rmatoz
oa
drink
ing water
an aphr
odisiac poten
tial Allium
cepa
Fitoterapia LXII 1
991430
1ndash30
6did not sho
w an estrog
enic or
antiestrog
enic activity an
d w
as dev
oid
of spermatotox
ic poten
tial
Allium
cepa
Ether extract of Allium
Albino rats
Extract sign
ifican
tly pr
even
ted an increa
se
Lata S e
t al Ben
eficial effects of
cepa
in serum
cho
lesterol and
triglyc
eride
Allium
sativum
Allium
cepaan
d
leve
ls c
aused by an
atherog
enic diet
Com
mipho
ra m
ukul on
The
extract provided
significant
experim
ental hy
perlip
idem
ia and
protection ag
ains
t athe
roge
nic diet-
athe
rosclerosismdash
A com
parative
induc
ed atherosclerosis
evalua
tion
JPostgrad Med
199
1(3)1
32ndash1
35
Allium
cepa
10ndash1
000
0 mg Allium
cepa
Mice
The
tum
or yield and
inc
iden
ce of
Belm
an S O
nion
and
garlic
oil inhibit
oil an
d Allium
sativum
pho
rbol-m
yristate-acetate promotion
tumor production C
arcino
gene
sis
oil ap
plied 3
3per w
eek
were inhibited in a dose-dep
enden
t19
834(8)1
063ndash
1065
man
ner ov
er the
ran
ge of 10
ndash100
000
mg
of onion
oil G
arlic
oil was also
inhibitory but was less effective
Allium
cepa
Extracted
onion
or ga
rlic
Human
trial
Onion
and
garlic
had
a significant
Bord
ia A
et al E
ffect of the
essen
tial
juice or equ
ivalen
t of
10 hea
lthy
protective action
aga
inst fat-ind
uced
oils of ga
rlic and
onion
on alim
en-
ethe
r-ex
tracted essen
tial
subjects
increa
ses in serum cho
lesterol and
tary hyp
erlip
idem
ia A
therosclerosis
oils a
dministered 4
plasm
a fibrinog
en and
a decrease in
1975
21(1)15ndash
19
rand
omly different day
sco
agulation time an
d fibrino
lytic
during 1 week
activity
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe barbadensisa poly-
Rats an
d m
ice
Benz
o[a]pyren
e-DNA adduc
t form
ation
Kim
HS Lee BM Inh
ibition of
Mill
saccha
ride fraction
extract
was significantly inh
ibited
in
benz
o[a]pyren
e-DNA adduc
t ASP
HODELA
CEAE
Mice ad
ministered oral
variou
s orga
ns (p
000
1) w
hen mice
form
ation by
Aloe barbadensis
Kumari
dose of 10 mg follo
wed
were pretrea
ted w
ith aloe
The
se results
Miller C
arcino
gene
sis 19
9718(4)
Aloe ve
rawith 16
day
s of treatmen
t su
ggest a ch
emop
rotective effect
771ndash
776
at 50 mg per m
ouse
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
juice prep
ared
Placebo
-Bloo
d suga
r leve
ls and
triglyc
eride
Yon
gcha
iyud
ha SV e
t al
from
aloe ge
l 1 tablespoo
n co
ntrolle
dleve
ls w
ere decreased
significantly
Antidiabe
tic activity of Aloe vera
23pe
r day
for at least
and single-
Whe
n give
n Aloe vera
juice
L juice I Clin
ical trial in ne
w2 weeks
blind trial
cases of diabe
tes mellitus
50
men
22
Phy
tomed
199
63(3)241
ndash243
wom
en w
ith
diabe
tes
416
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
gel ve
rsus
no
Phase III
Dermatitis sco
res were virtua
lly iden
tical
Williams MS et al Pha
se III
trea
tmen
tdou
ble-blind
on both trea
tmen
t arms dur
ing bo
th
dou
ble-blind eva
luation of an
rand
omized
the trials T
his dose sche
dule of an Aloe
aloe
vera ge
l as a proph
ylactic
trial Trial 1
vera
gel doe
s no
t pr
otect ag
ains
t ag
ent for radiation
-ind
uced
skin
194 wom
en
radiation
toxicity Int J R
adiat Onc
ol B
iol
Trial 2 10
8Phy
sics 199
636
(2)3
45ndash3
49
wom
enAloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
extract cream 05
Dou
ble-blind
Patien
ts w
ith slight to mod
erate ch
ronic
Syed
TA e
t al M
anag
emen
t of
100 g of placebo
or active
placebo
-plaqu
e-type
psoriasis w
ere treated
psoriasis w
ith Aloe ve
ra extract in
ingred
ient 3
3 daily for
controlle
d
By the en
d of the study 25
30a hy
drophilic
cream
A placebo
5 co
nsecutive
day
s pe
r study 60
(833
) were cu
red com
pared to 2
30co
ntrolle
d dou
ble-blind study
week (m
axim
um 4 w
eeks)
patients with
(66) in the
placebo
group Pso
riasis
Trop Med
Int H
ealth 19
961(4)
psoriasis
and A
rea an
d Sev
erity Index
sco
re50
5ndash50
9decreased
to a mea
n of 22
Aloe barbadensis
CARN 750
is a po
lydispersed
Mye
losu
p-Su
bcutan
eous ad
ministration sign
ifican
tly
Egg
er SF et al Hem
atop
oietic
b(14)-lin
ked acetylated
pressed
(7 Gy)
increased splenic an
d periphe
ral bloo
d
augm
entation
by a be
ta-(14)-
man
nan isolated
from
C57BL6 mice
cellu
larity a
s well as hem
atop
oietic
linke
d m
anna
n C
ancer Im
mun
ol
Aloe barbadensis
proge
nitors in sp
leen
and
bon
e marrow
Immuno
ther 1
99643(4)1
95ndash2
05
(hem
atop
oietic aug
men
tation
)Aloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
gel
Clin
ical and
Patien
ts w
ere treated w
ith Aloe vera
Visuthiko
sol V et al Effect of
histolog
icge
l co
mpared
with va
selin
e ga
uze
Aloe ve
ra gel to he
aling of burn
study
The
aloe trea
ted-group
hea
led
wou
nd and
clin
ical and
histologic
27 patients
sign
ifican
tly faster in 11
98 day
sstudy JMed
Assoc
Tha
iland
199
5with partial
whe
reas petroleum
jelly
-treated
group
78(8)4
03ndash4
09
thickn
ess bu
rns
healed
in 18
19 day
s (p
000
2)Aloe barbadensis
Top
ical applic
ation of
Mice
Top
ical app
lication of gel impr
oved
Strick
land
FM e
t al Pr
even
tion
of
016
7ndash167
aloe ge
lUV-ind
uced
immune
suppr
ession
by
ultraviolet rad
iation
-ind
uced
after each
irrad
iation
a mecha
nism
tha
t doe
s no
t invo
lve
supp
ression of con
tact and
delay
edDNA dam
age or rep
air
hypersens
itivity by
Aloe barbadensis
gel ex
tract JInv
est Dermatol 199
410
2(2)197
ndash204
Aloe barbadensis
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used
of pow
dered
plant
dosed
for 10
the plants were studied
in rats for 10
Indian ab
ortifacien
t plants with
material Adhatoda vasica
day
sday
s after insemination with sp
ecial
special referenc
e to the
ir teratolog
ic
Abrus precatorius Acacia
referenc
e to effects of fetal
effects in rats J Ethno
pharm 199
2arabica Aloe barbadensis
dev
elop
men
t Leaf ex
tracts of
36147
ndash154
Anethum
sowa Apium
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
petroselinium Banbusa
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
417
(continued)
arundensis Blepharis
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
edulis Butea monosperma
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Lepidum sativum
Mesua
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
ferrea Moringa oleifera
at the
doses tested
Mucuna pruriens
Raphanus sativus Sida
cordifolia Trachyspermum
ammai
Aloe barbadensis
Aceman
nan the
USA
NMice rats
No sign
ifican
t sign
s of intox
ication an
d
Foglem
an R
W e
t al Tox
icolog
ic
accepted
nam
e for the
and dog
sno
dea
ths oc
curred
in an
imals trea
ted
evaluation of injectable acem
anna
n long
-cha
in polyd
ispe
rsed
with
the
single injection of A
ceman
nan
in the
mou
se rat an
d dog
Vet
b-(14)-acetylated
at dosag
es of 80
mg
kg IV or 20
0 mg
Hum Tox
icol 199
234
(3)2
01ndash2
05
polyman
nose w
ith
kg IP in m
ice 15 mg
kg or 50 m
gkg
interspersed o-acetylated
IP in rats an
d 10 mg
kg IV or 50
mg
grou
ps extracted
from
kgIP in dog
sAloe barbadensis 1 m
gmL
solution
eithe
r as a 1
dose or rep
eated at
4-day
interva
ls for 8
doses by IV
or IP rou
tes
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe barbadensis
Mice m
urine
Sarcom
as grew in 10
0 of the co
ntrol
Peng
SY e
t al Decreased
mortality
Aceman
nan lon
g ch
ain
sarcom
a cells
an
imals an
d resulted in mortality in
of N
orman
mur
ine sarcom
a in
polydispersed b
(14)-
subc
utan
eously
20ndash4
6 day
s dep
ending on
the
num
ber
mice trea
ted w
ith im
muno
-lin
ked m
anna
n polym
ers
implan
ted
of cells implan
ted 4
0 of an
imals
mod
ulator Aceman
nan M
ol
with rand
om O
-acetyl
trea
ted w
ith Aceman
nan su
rvived
Biother 199
13(3)79ndash
87
grou
ps give
n IP
Aloe barbadensis
Gastric administration of
Rab
bits
Results sho
wed
tha
t tolbutamide an
dRom
an-R
amos
R e
t al Exp
erim
ental
water tolbu
tamide or a
studied plants excep
t Aloe barbadensis
study of the
hyp
oglycemic effect
plan
t preparation
decreased
significantly the
area un
der
of som
e an
tidiabe
tic plan
ts A
rch
the gluco
se toleran
ce curve in
Inve
st M
ed (Mex
) 19
912287ndash9
3relation
to the water con
trol group
Aloe barbadensis
Exu
date of Aloe barbadensis
Allo
xan-diabe
tic
Hyp
oglycemic effects of aloe
on seru
m
Ajabn
oor MA Effect of aloes on
leav
es and
bitter
mice
gluc
ose leve
ls w
ere insign
ifican
t bloo
d gluco
se lev
els in normal
principle A
dministered
whe
reas the
bitter pr
inciple w
as
and allo
xan diabe
tic mice
orally 50
0 mg
kg
high
ly significant and
exten
ded ove
r a
JEthno
pha
rm 199
028
(2)2
15ndash2
20
The
bitter pr
inciple w
asperiod of 24
hou
rs The
max
imum
ad
ministered IP 5 m
gkg
decrease in plasm
a gluc
ose leve
l was
observed
at day
5 in bo
th cases
Alpinia galanga
Ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Alpinia galanga
trea
tmen
t sign
ifican
tly
Quresh
i S et al Effect of Alpinia
(L) Sw
Alpinia galanga
decreased
the
effect of ind
uced
galangatrea
tmen
t on
cytolog
ical
ZIN
GIBERACEAE
rhizom
es Minim
um
micronu
clea
ted polyc
hrom
atic
and bioch
emical cha
nges ind
uced
Malay
avacha
effective dose was 125
erythr
ocytes (MPE
) witho
ut altering
by cyc
lopho
spha
mide in m
ice
Java
galan
gal
mg
kg bod
y weigh
tcy
totoxicity B
ioch
emical cha
nges
Int J Ph
armacog
199
432
(2)1
71ndash1
77
caus
ed by MPE in the liv
er w
ere
also significantly inh
ibited
418
Alpinia galanga
Ethan
olic extract of
Rats
Sign
ifican
t decrease in the
inten
sity of
Al-Yah
ya M
A et al Gastric
Alpinia galanga
at a
muco
sal dam
age was gastric observe
d
antisecretory antiulcer and
dose of 500 m
gkg
Alpinia galanga
prod
uced a significant
cytoprotective properties of
decrease in gastric secretion
in py
loru
s etha
nolic
extract of A galanga
ligated
rats an
d a highly sign
ifican
t W
illd in rats P
hytother R
es 199
0cy
toprotective effect aga
inst ind
uced
4(3)112
ndash114
cy
todestruction
Alpinia galanga
Ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Tox
icities studies were don
e N
oQuresh
i S et al Tox
icity studies on
rhizom
es of Alpinia
sign
ifican
t mortality co
mpared
to
Alpinia galanga
and Curcuma longa
galangaan
d Curcuma
controls w
as noted
The
gain in
Planta Med
199
258
(2)1
24ndash1
27
longa A
cute dos
ages
weigh
ts of sexu
al organ
s an
d05 10 an
d 3 gkg
bod
yincrea
sed spe
rm m
otility and
spe
rmweigh
t Chr
onic dos
age
counts were ob
served
in bo
th groups
100 mg
kg per day
The
se cha
nges w
ere high
ly significant
in the
Alpinia galanga-treated
group
Both ex
tracts failed to sh
ow any
spermatotox
ic effects
Ananas comosus
Bromelain a proteolytic
Piglets
Administration of bromelain can
Myn
ott TL e
t al Oral ad
ministration
(L) Merr
extract ob
tained
from
inhibit Enterotox
igen
ic Escherichia
of protease inhibits enterotox
igen
ic
BROMELIA
CEAE
pine
apple stems
coli(ETEC) receptor activity in vivo an
dEscherichia colireceptor activity in
Ana
nas
may
be us
eful for preve
ntion of K
881
piglet small intestine G
ut 199638(1)
Pineapple
ETEC-ind
uced
diarrhe
a28
ndash32
Ananas
Enz
yme fraction
s derived
12
rats with
Results ind
icate de
bridem
ent (the
Row
an A
D et al Deb
ridem
ent of
Comosus
from
the
stem of
full thickn
ess
remov
al of un
healthy tissue) of the
experim
ental full-thickn
ess sk
in
pine
apple
skin burns
injury cou
ld be effected
rap
idly
burns of rats with en
zyme fraction
s (w
ithin 4 ho
urs) Pineapple ha
sderived
from pinea
pple stems
poten
tial as a no
nsurgical deb
riding
Burns 19
9016(4)243
ndash246
ag
ent
Andrographis
Kan
Jan
g herba
l extract
Ran
dom
ized
No sign
ifican
t differenc
e in the
occurren
ceCaceres D
D et al Preve
ntion of
paniculata
principle ing
redient is
dou
ble-blind
of colds be
tween the study grou
p an
dco
mmon
colds with Andrographis
(Burmf) Nees
Andrographis paniculata
study 107
the placebo
con
trol In the third m
onth
paniculata
dried
extract A
pilo
tACANTHACEAE
approximately 2 tablet
healthy vo
l-there was a significant decrease in the
dou
ble blind trial P
hytomed
icine
Kirta
per day
of 10
0 mg ea
chun
teers all
occu
rren
ce of co
ld in the stud
y grou
p19
974(2)1
01ndash1
04
King of Bitters
approximately
compared
to the placebo
18
yea
rs old
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
419
(continued)
Andrographis
Kan
jang
tab
lets s
tand
ardized
Con
trolled
A decrease of the
subjective
sym
ptom
s Melch
ior J et al Con
trolled clin
ical
paniculata
Andrographis paniculata
dou
ble-blind
and dur
ation of sym
ptoms of the
study of stand
ardized
Andrographis
extract
pilot study
common
cold w
ere sign
ifican
tly
paniculata
extract in com
mon
coldmdash
50 patients
reduc
ed (p
002
5)a pilo
t trial Phy
tomed
icine 19
96
1997
3(4)3
15ndash3
18
Andrographis
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Spon
tane
ously
Dose-dep
enden
t hy
poten
sive
effect on
Zha
ng C
Y T
an BK H
ypoten
sive
paniculata
Andrographis paniculata
hypertens
ive
systolic blood
pressur
e was studied
activity of aq
ueou
s ex
tract of
Chr
onic IP infusion
s rats and
Plasm
a an
gioten
sin-co
nverting
Andrographis paniculata
in rats
by osm
otic pum
ps
Wistar-
enzy
me activities as well as kidne
yClin
Exp
Pha
rm Phy
s 19
9623(8)
Kyo
to rats
thioba
rbitur
ic acid lev
el w
ere
675ndash
678
sign
ifican
tly decreased
in ex
tract-
trea
ted versu
s co
ntrols
Andrographis
Adrographis paniculata
Dog
mod
elFind
ings
ind
icate that Andrographis
Guo ZL et al An ex
perimen
tal
paniculata
paniculata
may
decrease the ne
gative
study of the
mecha
nism
of
effects of ische
mic rep
erfusion
(by
Andrographis paniculata
Nees(APN)
decreasing the ha
rmful effects of free-
in alle
viating the Ca(21
)-ov
er-
radical dam
age)
load
ing in the
process of myo
- card
ial isch
emic rep
erfusion
J
Ton
gji Med
Univ 1995
15(4)205
ndash208
Andrographis
Andrographis paniculata
Clin
ical trial
Results sho
w tha
t post Extraco
rporea
lMuan
gman
V e
t al The
usage
of
paniculata
tablets (250
mg)
100 patients
Shoc
k W
ave Litho
tripsy (ESW
L)
Andrographis paniculata
follo
wing
4 tablets tid 25 patients
with rena
lpyu
ria an
d hem
aturia in patients
Extraco
rporea
l Sh
ock W
ave
give
n co
trim
oxazole
ston
es and
receiving Andrographis paniculata
Litho
tripsy
(ESW
L) J Med
2 tablets bid 2
5 patients
norm
al ren
alwere reduced to 069
and
055
Assoc
Tha
iland
199
578
(6)3
10ndash3
13
received
norflox
acin
func
tion
compared
to pre-ESW
L value
200 mg bid
Authors co
nclude Andrographis
paniculata
is ben
eficial for post-
ESW
L urina
ry tract infection
Andrographis
Extract of Andrographis
Clin
ical trial
Extract can
significantly alle
viate
Wan
g DW
Hua
YZ Prev
ention
of
paniculata
paniculata
patien
tsathe
rosclerotic sten
osis and
resteno
sis
athe
rosclerotic arterial steno
sis
with sten
osis
after ex
perimen
tal an
giop
lasty A
4-
and resteno
sis after an
giop
lasty
week follo
w-up show
ed dila
ted ilia
cwith Andrographis paniculata
arteries in co
ntrol grou
p all ha
d sev
ere
nees and
fish oil Chine
se M
ed J
resten
osis b
ut Andrographis
(Eng
lish Ed) 19
94107
(6)4
64ndash4
70
paniculata-treated
group
had
no or
only m
ild resteno
sis oc
cur
Andrographis
Andrographis paniculata
Ran
dom
ized
Efficacy of paracetam
ol or high
dose
Tha
mlik
itku
l V e
t al Efficacy
of
paniculata
3 g
d or 6 g
d for
dou
ble-blind
of Andrographis paniculata
was
Andrographis paniculata N
ees for
7 da
ys or Pa
racetamol
study
15
2sign
ifican
tly more effective than
low
pha
ryng
oton
sillitis in adults J Med
ad
ults with
dose of Andrographis paniculata
atAssoc
Tha
iland
199
174
(10)437
ndash442
ph
aryn
go-
day
3 in term
s of the
relief of fev
ertons
illitis
and sore throat
420
Andrographis
And
rograp
holid
e a
Rats
Andrographis paniculata
exhibited stron
g Tripathi G
S T
ripathi Y
B C
holeretic
paniculata
diterpe
ne iso
lated from
choleratic action whe
n ad
ministered
action
of And
rograp
holid
e ob
tained
Andrographis
IP The
sub
stan
ce ind
uced an increa
se
from
Andrographis paniculata
in
paniculata
in bile
flow and
a cha
nge in phy
sical
rats P
hytother R
es 199
1517
6ndash17
8properties of bile secretion
Andrographis
A m
ixture of Andrographis
Hum
an trial
Herba
l mixture w
as administered to
Ram
ji et al E
ffect of K
almeg
ha and
paniculata
paniculata
and Emblica
35 patients
patients with Hep
atitis B
1 B
2 a
ndAmlaki com
pou
nd on viral
officinalis
hepa
titis B
1
post he
patitis syn
drome The
mixture
hepatitis (Kos
htha
-Sha
khashr
ita
hepa
titis B
2
dem
onstrated efficacy in red
ucing
Kam
ala) A
ryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)
and post-
clinical sym
ptom
s improving
liver
164ndash
169
hepa
titis
func
tion
an
d album
in
synd
rome
Andrographis
Decoc
tion
of Andrographis
Hum
anHep
atoc
ellular jaund
ice was m
onitored
Tom
ar G
S Singh
RN Treatmen
t of
paniculata
paniculata
of 60 ml
trial 60
Yellow color of the co
njunc
tiva
he
patoc
ellular jaund
ice with
day
(eq
uiva
lent to 40
gpa
tien
tsim
prove
d 100 ten
der hep
atic
Kalmeg
h (Andrographis paniculata)
of cru
de drug) in 3
with he
pato-
enlargem
ent decreased
in 96
w
ithin
Aryav
aidya
n 19
9011(3ndash
3)156
ndash162
divided
dos
es A
verage
cellu
lar
20 day
s of treatmen
t Loss of
trea
tmen
t 23
12
4 day
sjaund
ice
appetite in 100
w
as improve
d after
4ndash5 da
ys S
everal tests w
ere high
lysign
ifican
t after trea
tmen
t seru
mbilirubin alkaline pho
spha
tase s
erum
tran
sferase
Andrographis
Alcoh
ol extract of
Guinea
pigs
Extract ex
hibited sign
ifican
t an
tidiarrhe
alGupta S et al A
ntidiarrho
eal activity
paniculata
Andrographis
and rab
bits
activity aga
inst Escherichia coli en
terotoxins
of diterpen
es of Andrographis
paniculata
in animal m
odels
paniculata
(Kal-M
egh) aga
inst
Escherichia colien
terotoxin in in
vivo
mod
els Int JCru
de Drig Res
1990
(4)2
73ndash2
83
Andrographis
Andrographis
Rats
Rep
eated administration of leaf
Cho
udhu
ry BR et al In vivoan
d
paniculata
paniculata
leaf extract
extract positively effected
microsomal
in vitro
effects of K
almeg
h an
d and
rograp
holid
edru
g metab
olizing en
zyme system
s of
(Andrographis paniculata) ex
tract an
dthe rat liv
er (he
patic m
icroso
mal
andrograp
holid
e on
hep
atic
aniline
hydroxy
lase N
-dem
ethy
lase
microsomal dru
g metab
olizing
and O
-dem
ethy
lase enz
ymes)
enzy
mes P
lanta Med
198
753
13
5ndash14
0
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
421
(continued)
Apium
graveolens L
Aqu
eous celery extract
Rats
Seru
m cho
lesterol con
centration
was
Tsi D
Tan
BK E
ffects of celery
UMBELLIFE
RAE
administered
sign
ifican
tly decreased
(p
005)
extract an
d 3-N
-butylphtha
lide
Ajm
oda
intrap
eriton
eally
compared
to co
ntrols Celery ex
tract
on lipid lev
els in gen
etically
Celery
was effective
in prev
enting
the
rise of
hype
rcho
lesterolae
mic (RIC
O) rats
cholesterol leve
l in rats
Clin
Exp
Pha
rmacol Phy
siol
1996
23(3)214
ndash217
Apium
graveolens
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats with
A significant hep
atop
rotective activity
Sing
h A H
anda SS
Hep
atop
rotective
the seed
s of Apium
paracetamol-
of the
metha
nolic
extract of the seed
sactivity of Apium
graveolensan
dgraveolens
and
induced
of both plants was rep
orted
Hygrophila auriculataag
ains
tHygrophila auriculata
liver
paracetam
ol and
thioa
cetamide
dam
age
intoxication
in rats JE
thno
pharm
1995
1549
(3)1
19ndash1
26
Apium
graveolens
Aqu
eous celery extract
Wistar rats
At the en
d of 8 weeks a
significant
Tsi D
et al Effects of a aq
ueou
s 2 grou
ps fed high fat
decrease was fou
nd in total seru
m
celery (Apium
graveolens) extract
diets 1
group also fed
cholesterol LD
L ch
olesterol an
d
on lipid param
eters of rats fed a
aqueo
us celery extract
triglyceride co
ncen
trations
high
fat diet Plan
ta M
ed 199
561(1)
18ndash2
1Apium
graveolens
From
celery seed
oil 3-
Mice with
After treatmen
t with co
mpou
nds
Zhe
ng G
Q et al Che
mop
reve
ntion
n-bu
tylphtha
lide
benz
o[a]
tumor inc
iden
ce w
as decreased
from
of ben
z-[a]pyren
e-induc
ed fore-
sedan
olide and
pyrene
-68
to 30 and
11
A red
uction in
stom
ach canc
er in mice by
natur
al
p-men
tha-28-dien-1-ol
induced
tumor m
ultiplic
ity of 67
and
83
phtha
lides from celery root seed
were tested
tumorigen
esis
was observe
d w
ith 3-n-bu
tylphtha
lide
oil Nutr C
ancer 19
9319(1)77ndash
86
and sed
anolide D
ata indicate bo
thwere active
in tumor inh
ibition
Apium
graveolens
80 ethan
olic extract of
Rats with
Results sh
owed
tha
t the plan
tsAl-Hindaw
i MK e
t al Anti-
Achillea santolina
carrag
eena
n-possessed
varying
deg
rees of an
ti-
inflam
matory activity of some
Apium
graveolens
induced
inflam
matory activity in the follo
wing
Iraq
i plants using
intact rats
Matricaria chamomilla
paw edem
adescend
ing order W
ithania somnifera
JEthno
pha
rm 198
926
(2)1
63ndash1
68
Myrtus communis
Apium
graveolens Achillea santolina
Withania somnifera
and
Matricaria chamomilla Myrtus communis
Acetylsalicylic acid used
as stand
ard drug
Areca catechu
L
Betel nut ch
ewing
Mailed question
-11
6 resp
onses to question
naire
Lee CN et al Betel nut an
d sm
oking
PALMAE
naire 223
co
mpared
to he
althy mem
bers of the
Are the
y bo
th protective in
Poo
gapa
tien
ts w
ith
community It ap
pears that smok
ing
ulcerative co
litis A pilo
t study
Areca nut
inflam
matory
and betel nut ch
ewing reduce the
risk
Arquivos de Gastroe
nterol
bowel disea
seof dev
elop
ing ulcerative
colitis
1996
33(1)3ndash5
Areca catechu
Betel nut ch
ewing
Con
trolled
A significant inc
rease in m
itom
ycin C
Trive
di AH e
t al Eleva
ted m
utag
en
clinical
(MMC)-induc
ed sister ch
romatid
suscep
tibility in cultured
trial 40
exch
ange
(SC
E)cell va
lues w
ere
lymph
ocytes of oral can
cer
oral can
cer
observed
amon
g oral can
cer patients
patie
nts A
ntican
cer Res 199515
(6B)
40 tob
acco
(betel nut ch
ewers) as co
mpared
to
2589
ndash259
2ch
ewers 40
healthy no
nche
wer con
trols
healthy
individuals
422
Areca catechu
Betel quid che
wing
Hum
anRea
ctive ox
ygen
spe
cies O
H rad
ical
Nair UJ et al Ortho
- an
dcons
isting
of be
tel leaf
trial 5
are form
ed in the hu
man
oral cavity
metatyros
ine form
ation from
areca qu
id catech
u an
dvo
lunteers
during
betel quid che
wing an
d m
ay be
phe
nylalanine
in hu
man
saliva as
slak
ed lim
e (w
itho
ut
implic
ated
in the ge
netic dam
age that
a marke
r of hyd
roxy
l radical
toba
cco)
has be
en obs
erve
d in oral epithe
lial
gene
ration
during be
tel qu
idcells
of ch
ewers
chew
ing C
arcino
gene
sis
(Oxford) 19
9516(5)119
5ndash11
98
Areca catechu
Che
wing an
d smok
ing
Case-controlle
dIncreased risk of oral su
bmuco
us
Mah
er R
Role of areca nut in the
habits and
oral
clinical
fibros
is w
as obs
erve
d for areca nu
tcaus
ation of oral su
bmuco
us
subm
uco
us fibrosis
trial 15
7ch
ewing W
hen the ha
bit was
fibros
is a case-con
trol study in
(OSF
)cases an
dpracticed
alone
app
eared to ha
vePak
istan JOral Patho
l Med
199
415
7 co
ntrols
high
est risk followed
by ldquop
aanrdquo
with
23(2)6
5ndash69
or w
itho
ut toba
cco D
aily con
sumption
rates ap
pea
red to be
more im
portant
with resp
ect to risk than
lifetim
e duration
of ha
bit
Areca catechu
Areca nut pow
der added
Mice
Areca nut decreased
mace-indu
ced
Sing
h A Rao
AR Mod
ulatory effect
to feed
increa
ses in hep
atic glutathione
-S-
of areca nut on
the
action of m
ace
tran
sferase an
d sulphh
ydryl leve
ls and
(Myristica fragrans H
outt) on
the
elev
ated
fur
ther inc
reases in the leve
lshe
patic detox
ification sy
stem
in
of cytochr
ome b5
and
P-450
mice Foo
d C
hem Tox
ic 199
331
(7)
517ndash
521
Areca catechu
Oral ha
bits
Retrosp
ective
Ana
lyses confirmed
an association
van W
yk C
W et al The
areca nut
study
betw
een nu
t ch
ewing an
d che
ekch
ewing ha
bit an
d oral sq
uamou
s 14
3 men
canc
er T
he data sh
owed
tha
t areca
cell carcinom
a in Sou
th A
frican
an
d w
omen
nut ha
bit with or w
itho
ut toba
cco use
Indians
A retrosp
ective
study
with oral
is important in the dev
elop
men
t of
South A
frican
Med
J 199
383
(6)
squa
mou
soral squ
amou
s carcinom
a42
5ndash42
9carcinom
aAreca catechu
Areca nut decoction
Case stud
yA case stud
y dem
onstrated the
Fu H
H e
t al Areca nut in the
effectiven
ess of areca nut decoc
tion
in
trea
tmen
t of diphy
llobo
thrium
the trea
tmen
t of Diphyllobothrium
latum infection
Rep
ort of a
latum
infection
case study C
hin Med
J 195
169
40
7ndash40
9
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
423
(continued)
Artemisia vulgaris L
Infusion
Urtica dioica
Human
An he
rbal infusion
used to irriga
te the
Dav
idov
MI et al Po
stad
enom
ectomy
COMPO
SITAE
Hypericum
trial 22
blad
der after prostate ad
enom
ectomy
phy
toperfusion
of the blad
der
Nag
adam
niperformatum
pa
tien
ts post-
reduc
ed post op
erative bloo
d loss
Urologiya
INefrologiya
199
50(5)
Mug
wort
Matricaria recutita
pros
tate
bacteriuria preve
nted
hem
orrh
agic
19ndash2
0Plantaginis majoris
aden
omectomy
and puru
lent inflammation
Herba millefolii
Betula Artemisia
vulgaris Fragaria vesca
Asparagus
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plan
ts significantly inh
ibited
the
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of som
e Indian
racemosus
Willd
Picrorhiza kurrooa
carcinog
en och
ratoxin-induced
herbs on
macroph
age func
tion
s ASP
ARAGACEA
ETinospora cordifolia
supp
ression of che
motactic activity
in och
ratoxin A treated
mice J
Shatau
ari
Withania somnifera
and the
produc
tion
of interleu
kin-1
Ethno
pha
rm 199
758
(5)1
5ndash20
Asp
arag
us
and tumor necrosis factor-a
bymacroph
ages
Asparagus
1 capsu
le 3
3pe
r day
30
patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
racemosus
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also in its
composite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs o
ncontaining
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
ability to slow
ly disintegrate bo
thcalculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus5
0 mg
ureters or
calcium-oxa
late and
calcium
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
blad
ders
carbon
ate crys
tals in a sp
an of 72
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
mg Eclipta alba
100
hours and
com
plete disch
arging
of
mg Myristica fragrans
crystals w
ithin 15
ndash30 day
s C
omplete
10 m
g Tinospora
disch
arge
occur
red in grea
ter than
cordifolia1
00 m
g80
of the patients
Tribulus terrestris 50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gAsparagus
2 g pow
dered
roo
t of
Clin
ical crossov
erBasal gastric emptying t12
was 159
9Dalvi SS et al Effect of Asparagus
racemosus
Asparagus racemosus
study
8
that w
as red
uced by Asparagus
racemosus
(Sha
tava
ri) on
gastric
compa
red to stan
dard
norm
alracemosus
to 101
(p
000
1) and
by
emptying time in normal hea
lthy
treatm
ent of 10 mg
healthy male
metoc
lopr
amide to 853 (p
000
1)
volunteers J Postgrad M
ed 199
0tablet m
etoclopramide
volunteers
Asparagus racemosus
and
36(2)9
1ndash94
metoc
lopr
amide did not differ
sign
ifican
tly in the
ir effect
Asparagus
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
Whe
n co
mpared
with co
ntrol grou
ps
Tha
tte UM Dah
anuka
r SA
racemosus
Tinospora cordifolia
all four
dru
gs preve
nted
to va
rying
Com
parative stud
y of
glucan an
d lithium
for
deg
rees leuc
open
ia Both indigen
ous
immuno
mod
ulating activity of
15 day
splants were poten
t im
muno
stim
ulants
Indian
med
icinal plants lithium
with effects comparab
le to lithium
carbon
ate an
d glucan M
etho
ds
and glucan
Find
Exp
Clin
Pha
rmacol
1988
10(10
)639
ndash644
Azadirachta indica
Pur
ified ne
em extracts
Rats bab
oons
Pr
egna
ncy was terminated
(with oral
Talwar G
P et al Ind
uced
termination
A Juss
orally delivered
and m
onke
ysne
em) su
ccessfully in roden
tsof pregn
ancy
by pur
ified extracts
MELIA
CEAE
and primates w
ith no
significant side
of Azadirachta indica(N
eem)
Arish
taeffects
Mecha
nism
s invo
lved
Am J
Neem
Rep
rod Immun
ol 199737(6)4
85ndash4
91
424
Azadirachta indica
Lea
f po
wder of
Male albino
rats
Results sugg
est a po
ssible rev
ersible
Joshi AR e
t al Effect of Azadirachta
Azadirachta indica
antian
droge
nic pr
operty of the leav
es
indica
leav
es on testis and
its
reco
very in albino
rats Ind
ian
JExp
Biol 19
9634(11
)109
1ndash10
94
Azadirachta indica
Neem oil in m
ixed
in
Con
trolled
Results rev
ealed 81
ndash91
mosqu
ito
Mishr
a AK e
t al Use of ne
em oil as
coconu
t oil (1ndash4)
field study
repellant action during
12-ho
ur pe
riod
a mosqu
ito repe
llent in tribal
exposed
of observa
tion
from bites of
villa
ges of M
andla district Mad
hya
body pa
rts
anop
helin
e mosqu
itoe
sPradesh Ind
ian J Malariol 19
95
of hum
an32
(3)9
9ndash10
3vo
lunteers
Azadirachta indica
Neem cream
Con
trolled
App
lication of neem cream
to ex
posed
Dua
VK Rep
ellent action of neem
field study
body parts sho
wed
78
89
a
nd
cream aga
inst m
osqu
itoe
s Ind
ian J
exposed
944 protection ag
ains
t Aed
es
Malariology
199
532
(2)4
7ndash53
bo
dy pa
rts
Culex
and
Ano
phe
les mos
quitoe
sof hum
anresp
ective
ly Sign
ifican
t differenc
evo
lunteers
was observe
d between ne
em cream
-trea
ted and
untreated
group for Aed
emos
quitoe
sAzadirachta indica
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
iaad
ministered postinfective
preinfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia in
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
sing
le and
multiple dos
es of ex
tract
mice with a trad
itiona
lly prescribe
d
Terminalia chebula
Salmonella
and had
a significant the
rapeu
tic
crud
e dru
g form
ulation
J
Tinospora cordifolia
typhi
effect in reduc
ing septicemia
Ethno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aque
ous alco
hol etha
nol
1 stock solution us
edto prepa
re dilu
tion
sOral or subc
utane
ous
administration
Azadirachta indica
Extracts of neem lea
ves
Rats
Neem dose dep
ende
ntly decreased
gastric
Garg GP et al The
gastric antiulcer
ulcer sev
erity in rats ub
jected
to stress
effects of the
lea
ves of the
Neem
and also decreased
ethan
ol provo
ked
tree Plan
ta M
ed 199
359
215
ndash217
ga
stric muc
osal dam
age
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
425
(continued)
Azadirachta indica
Azadirachta indicaan
dPilo
t stud
yIn 97
of the cases a cur
e of scabies w
as
Cha
rles V
Cha
rles SX T
he use and
Curcuma longapa
ste
814 patients
obtained
within 3ndash
15 day
s of treatmen
tefficacy
of Azadirachta indicaADR
with scab
ies
(ldquoNeemrdquo) and
Curcuma longa
(ldquoTurm
ericrdquo) in scab
iesA pilo
tstudy Trop G
eogr M
ed 199
244
17
8ndash18
1Azadirachta indica
A decoc
tion
of the follo
wing
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoc
tion
and
Sati R
B Sh
arma RK Man
agem
ent of
herbs Azadirachta indica
cong
estive
Urgenic indica Patients with isch
emic
cong
estive
cardiac failu
re w
ith
Boerhaavia diffusa Cedrus
heart failu
rehe
art disease card
iomyo
pathy
and
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
deodara Picrorhiza kurrooa
cor pulmon
ale were give
n pow
der of
Aryav
aidy
an 199
04(2)123
ndash126
Terminalia chebula Tinospora
Inula racemosa w
hile patients with
cordifolia Trichosantes lobata
rheu
matic heart disea
se w
ere give
nInula raceomosa2 g 8
Commiphora mukul A
fter 2 w
eeks
hourly Commiphora mukul
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
12 g 8 ho
urly Urgenic
completely 2
had
bradyc
ardia and
indica 100 m
g 8 ho
urly
2 were refractory
Azadirachta indica
Group I Azadirachta indica
Ran
dom
Enc
ouraging
improve
men
t in treating
Nair RP et al Clin
ical eva
luation of
powder 4 g33
day
trial 60
vitilig
o (app
earanc
e of w
hite patch
esAyu
rved
ic prepa
ration
s in vitiligo
Pa
ste of Abrus precatorius
patien
tson
the
skin) w
as noted
in bo
th group
sJR
es A
yur Siddh 19
87VIII(1ndash
2)
and Plumbago zeylanica
with vitilig
o30
ndash38
applie
d externa
llyGroup
IIPow
der of
Phyllanthus emblica
Acacia catechuan
dseed
s of Psoralea
corylifolia
4 g
33day
Azadirachta indica
Neem oil ap
plie
d w
ith
Human
and
Used intrava
gina
lly ne
em w
as 100
Sinh
a KC e
t al N
eem oil as a
an applicator
anim
aleffective in preve
nting pregn
ancy
in
vagina
l co
ntraceptive Ind
ian
trial rats
subjects
JMed
Res 198
479
131
ndash136
rhesus
mon
keys
hu
man
sBacopa monnieri
Ayu
rved
ic prepa
ration
of
Dou
ble-blind
Ayu
rved
ic preparation was effective
in
Yad
av SK et al Irritable bo
wel
(L) Pe
nnell
Aegle marmelos
and Bacopa
rand
omized
649 w
hereas stand
ard the
rapy
was
synd
rome the
rape
utic ev
alua
tion
SC
ROPH
ULA
RIACEA
Emonnierifor 6 weeks
trial 16
9useful in 783
Placebo
patients
of ind
igen
ous dru
gs Indian JM
edBrahm
ive
rsus
stand
ard the
rapy
pa
tien
ts w
ith
improve
d 327
The
rapy was
Res Sect A-Infect Dis 198
990
Brahm
iof clid
inium bromide
irritable
particu
larly be
neficial in the diarrhe
a-49
6ndash50
3ch
lord
iaze
poxide and
bowel
predom
inan
t form
of IBS
isap
hagu
llasynd
rome
(IBS)
Bacopa monnieri
Con
stituen
ts of Bacopa
Rats
Bacosides app
eared to ha
ve a significant
Sing
h HK et al Effect of Bacos
ides A
monnieriaq
ueo
us
effect on men
tal retention capa
city of
and B on av
oidan
ce respon
ses in
susp
ension
of ba
cosides
rats by im
prov
ing resp
onses
rats P
hyto R
es 198
82(2)70ndash
75
A and
B
426
Bacopa monnieri
Aqu
eous
susp
ension
of
Rats
In Sho
ck-M
otivated
Brigh
tness-
Sing
h HK Dha
wan
BN
an alcoh
olic extract of
Discrim
ination Reaction the
treated
Effect of Bacopa monniera
Bacopa monnieri(40 mg
kg
grou
p sho
wed
significant better
Linn (brah
mi) extract on
orally) for 3 or m
ore day
sacqu
isition improv
ed reten
tion
an
dav
oida
nce resp
onses in rat J
delay
ed extinction In Active
Ethno
pharm 198
25(2)205
ndash214
Con
ditione
d Flig
ht R
eaction animals
show
ed a significant sho
rter reaction
time than
con
trols in flig
ht reaction
Boerhavia diffusa L
Aqu
eous
or po
wder roo
tRats
Extract exh
ibited
marke
d protection of a
Raw
at A
K et al Hep
atop
rotective
NYCTAGIN
ACEAE
of Boerhavia diffusa
majority of serum param
eters A
queo
us
activity of Boerhaavia diffusa
L
Puna
rnau
aAqu
eous ex
tract (2 m
lkg
) form
had
more he
patop
rotective
rootsmdash
A pop
ular Indian ethn
o-Sp
read
ing
of roo
tseffect tha
n po
wder T
his may
be
med
icine J Ethno
pharm 199
756
(1)
hogw
eed
due to better ab
sorp
tion
of the liq
uid
61ndash6
6throug
h ga
strointestinal tract
Boerhavia diffusa
Boerhavia diffusa
Golden
Form
ulation
had
a m
axim
um cure rate
Sohn
i YR B
hatt R
M A
ctivity of a
Berberis aristata
hamsters
of 73
as a dose of 800
mg
kg per day
crud
e ex
tract form
ulation
in
Tinospora cordifolia
with he
patic
in hep
atic amoe
biasis The
ave
rage
expe
rimen
tal he
patic amoe
biasis
Terminalia chebula
amoe
biasis
deg
ree of infection
to 14 co
mpared
to
and in im
mun
omod
ulation
studies
Zingiber officinale
42 for controls w
as red
uced
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
654
(2ndash3
)119
ndash124
Dried
and
pulve
rize
dplan
ts extracted
in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually
Metronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
yBoerhavia diffusa
Boerhavia diffusa
Rats with caecal
Form
ulation
had
a curative
rate of 89
So
hni YR e
t al The
anti-am
oebic
Berberis aristata
amoe
biasis
with av
erag
e deg
ree of infection
effect of a crude dru
g in
Tinospora cordifolia
(cae
cal am
oebiasis) (A
DI) red
uced to
form
ulation
of he
rbal extracts
Terminalia chebula
04 in a group dos
ed w
ith 50
0 mg
kg
agains
t En
tamoe
ba histolytica in
Zingiber officinale
per day
as co
mpared
with ADI
vitroan
d in vivo J Ethno
pha
rmDried
and
pulve
rize
dof 38 for con
trols
1995
45(1)43ndash
52
plan
ts extracted
in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually
Metronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
y
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
427
(continued)
Boerhavia diffusa
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
iaad
ministered postinfective
preinfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
sing
le a
nd m
ultiple doses of ex
tract
in m
ice with a trad
itiona
llyTerminalia chebula
Salmonella
and had
a significant the
rapeu
tic
prescribe
d crude dru
g form
ulation
Tinospora cordifolia
typhi
effect in reduc
ing septicemia
JEthno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aq
ueou
s alcoho
l etha
nol
1 stock
solution us
edto prepare dilu
tion
sOral or subcutane
ous
administration
Boerhavia diffusa
Ethan
olic extract of
Pregn
ant
Extract w
as fou
nd to be
dev
oid of an
ySing
h A et al An ex
perimen
tal
Boerhavia diffusa
albino
rats
teratoge
nic effect as litter size and
evaluation of possible teratoge
nic
Daily dose of 250
mg
kgdur
ing
survival rate of fetuses were same as
poten
tial in Boerhaavia diffusa
in
period
of
the co
ntrol an
d no fetal an
omaly
Albino rats Plan
ta M
ed 199
157
(4)
gestation
could be detected
315ndash31
6Boerhavia diffusa
Alcoh
olic extract of
Rats an
d m
ice
Extract exh
ibited
hep
atop
rotective
Cha
ndan
BK et al Boerhaavia diffusa
who
le plant of
activity aga
inst ind
uced hep
atox
icity
A study of its hep
atop
rotective
Boerhavia diffusa
and sho
wed
an increa
se in no
rmal bile
activity J Ethno
pha
rm 199
131
(3)
500 mg
kg at 48
24
an
dflow
sugg
esting
a stron
g ch
oleretic
299ndash30
72 ho
urs before an
d 6
activity N
o sign
s of tox
icity with an
hours after C
C14
oral dose up
to 2 g
kg
administration
Boerhavia diffusa
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sha
rma RK Man
agem
ent of
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica Patients with
cong
estive
cardiac failure w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic heart disease card
iomyo
pathy
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
and cor pulm
onale were give
n pow
der
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash1
26
Cedrus deodara
of Inula racemosa
while patients with
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rheu
matic heart disease w
ere give
nTerminalia chebula
Commiphora mukul After 2 w
eeks of
Tinospora cordifolia
trea
tmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Trichosantes lobata
completely 2 had
bradyc
ardia a
ndInula racemosa2 g 8
2 were refractory
hourly Commiphora
mukul1
2 g 8 ho
urly
Urgenic indica10
0 mg
8 ho
urly
Boswellia serrata
Boswellia serrata
gum
Con
trolled
Patien
ts suffering from
ulcerative co
litis
Gupta I et al Effects of Boswellia
Rox
bex
Coleb
rresin prepa
ration
clinical trial
all param
eters tested
improve
d after
serratagu
m resin in pa
tien
ts w
ith
BURSE
RACEAE
Dosag
e of 350 m
g 33
per
trea
tmen
t the resu
lts be
ing simila
r ulcerative co
litis Eur
J M
ed R
es
Shallaki
day
for 6 w
eeks or as a
to con
trols 82
treated
wen
t into
19972(1)3
7ndash43
Indian oliban
um
control su
lfasalazine
remission
for the su
lfasalaz
ine-
(1 g 3
3per day
)trea
ted group 75
428
Boswellia serrata
H15
a sp
ecial ex
tract of
Con
trolled
The
extract w
as effective
in reduc
ing
Etzel R
Sp
ecial ex
tract of
the gu
m resin of Boswellia
clinical
symptom
s of rhe
umatoid arthritis in
Boswellia serrata
(H15
) in the
serrata33
2 or 3
33
trial 26
050
ndash6
0 of pa
tien
ts inv
olve
d The
retreatm
ent of rhe
umatoid arthritis
tablets as a 400
mg
patients with
was a significant red
uction
in sw
ellin
g Ph
ytom
edicine 19
963(1)9
1ndash94
extract
rheu
matoid
and pain co
mpa
red to the placeb
oarthritis
Boswellia serrata
Boswellic
acids
Rats
Boswellic
acids were found
to po
ssess
Kap
il A E
ffect of Boswellic
acids
sign
ifican
t an
ti-inflammatory an
don
com
plemen
t in adjuva
nt- an
dco
mplem
ent-inhibitory activities
carrag
eena
n-induc
ed inflammation
Inflam
mop
harm
acolog
y 1994
2
361ndash
367
Boswellia serrata
Acetyl-bo
swellic
acids
Mice trea
ted
Mice were give
n the ex
tract 1 ho
ur before
Safayh
i H e
t al Pr
otection
by
(ac-BA
) isolated
from
with ga
lactos-
administration with ga
lactosam
ine
bosw
ellic
acid aga
inst
gum resin of Boswellia
amine
endotox
in T
he extract significantly
galactosam
ine
endotox
in-
serrata
endotox
in to
reduced seru
m enz
yme activities The
induced hep
atitis in mice
induce
extractrsquos protection was interpr
eted
in
Bioch
em Pha
rmacol 199
141
(10)
hepatitis
term
s of its ability to inh
ibit the
15
36ndash1
537
form
ation of leu
kotriene
sBoswellia serrata
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Osteo
arthritis pa
tien
ts w
ere rand
omly
Kulkarni R
R et al Treatmen
t of
450 mg Boswellia
placebo
-allocated to receive the placeb
o or the
osteoa
rthr
itis w
ith a he
rbal
serrataOleo gu
m resin
controlle
dhe
rbom
ineral formulation A
significant
form
ulation
a dou
ble-blind
100 mg Curcuma longa
trial 42
drop was noted
in the seve
rity of pa
in
placeb
o-co
ntrolle
d cros
s-ov
er
rhizom
e 50
mg and
Zinc
patients
(p
000
1) and
disab
ility sco
re
stud
y JEthno
pharm 199
1complex 50
mg
(p
005
)33
(1ndash2
)91ndash
95
Boswellia serrata
Alcoh
olic extract of salai
Rats an
d m
ice
To stud
y cellu
lar an
d humoral immune
Sh
arma ML e
t al E
ffect of salai
gugg
al w
as prepared
resp
onses an
d leucocy
tes migration
gu
ggal ex-Boswellia serrata
on
as a fine ho
mog
enized
oral administration of the
extract
cellu
lar an
d hum
oral immun
e su
spen
sion
in 2
gum
strong
ly inh
ibited
antibod
y pr
oduction
resp
onses an
d leuco
cyte
acacia and
administered
and cellular resp
onses inh
ibited
the
migration
Age
nts Actions
orally
infiltration
of polym
orpho
nuclea
r 19
8824(1ndash
2)161
ndash164
leuc
ocytes a
nd decreased
the
volume
of pleural ex
udate
Boswellia serrata
Alcoh
olic extract of
Rats an
d m
ice
The
extract display
ed m
arke
d anti-
Sing
h GB A
tal CK Ph
armacolog
y of
salai gu
ggal
inflam
matory activity in carrag
eena
n-an
extract of salai gu
ggal ex-
induced edem
a in rats an
d mice It
Boswellia serrata a
new
non
-was equ
ally effective
in
steroidal anti-inflam
matory ag
ent
adrena
lectom
ised
rats
Age
nts Actions 198618
(3ndash4
)407ndash4
12
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPH
ARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
429
(continued)
Butea monosperma
Pippali Rasay
ana an
Con
trolled
Com
plete disappe
aran
ce of Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al
(Lam
) Tau
bAyu
rved
ic dru
gclinical trial
from
stools in 23
25 (92
) pa
tien
ts
Man
agem
ent of giard
iasis by
aLEGUMIN
OSA
Eprep
ared
from Butea
25 patients
resu
lted
Sy
mptom
s of ill he
alth
herbal dru
g lsquoPippali Rasay
anarsquo A
Palasa
monospermastem
s an
dwith
abdom
inal disco
mfort p
resenc
e of
clinical study
J Ethno
pharm
Bastard
tea
kleav
es and
Piper longum
giardiasis
mucu
s pus cells
and
red
blood
cells
1997
56(3)233
ndash236
dried
fru
its A
dministered
25 con
trols
sign
ifican
tly reduced Sp
ontane
ous
orally at 1 g PO
33pe
r day
recove
ry in 20
of the cases was
for 15 day
srecord
ed in the placeb
o co
ntrol grou
pButea monosperma
Pippali Rasay
ana prepa
red
Two grou
psMice infected
with Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al Man
agem
ent of
from
Butea monosperma
of m
ice with
trop
hozo
ites tha
t were trea
ted w
ith the
giardiasis by
an im
mun
omod
ulatory
stem
s an
d leav
es and
a control
herbal formula produced up to 98
he
rbal dru
g Pippa
li rasaya
na
Piper longum dried
fru
its
recove
ry from the
infection
JE
thno
pha
rm 199
444
(3)1
43ndash1
46
administered orally
Butea monosperma
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
lyof pow
dered
plant
dosed
for 10
the plants were stud
ied in rats for 10
used Ind
ian ab
ortifacien
t plants
material Adhatoda vasica
day
sday
s after insemination with sp
ecial
with sp
ecial referenc
e to the
irAbrus precatorius Acacia
referenc
e to effects of fetal
teratologic effects in rats J
arabicva Aloe barbadensis
dev
elop
men
t Leaf extracts of
Ethno
pha
rm 199
236
147
ndash154
Anethum
sowa Apium
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
petroselinium Banbusa
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
arundensis Blepharis edulis
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
Butea monosperma
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Lepidum sativum
Mesua
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
ferrea Moringa oleifera
at the
dos
es tested
Mucuna pruriens
Raphanus sativus
Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
Butea monosperma
Crude pow
der mixture
75 patients with
The
cure rate in group
A w
as 80
Sa
rma BP O
jha D T
he m
anag
emen
t of equ
al parts of
variou
s worm
grou
p B treated with meb
endaz
ole
of G
andupa
da krim
i (Ascaris
Ailanthus excelsa Butea
infestations
was 92
an
d group C
was 76
lumbricoides) w
ith indigen
ous dru
gs
monosperma Embelia
Cure rate sho
wed
neg
ative Ascaris
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
70ndash172
ribes Erythrina indica
lumbricoidesov
a in stool rep
ort for
Mallotus philippensis
three co
nsecutive da
ys
Orxylum
indicum
Butea monosperma
Alcoh
olic susp
ension
of
Albino rats
At the tw
o dos
es Butea monosperma
Seth IN e
t al T
eratolog
ical eva
luation
Butea monosperma
show
ed abo
rtifactant activity 38
46
of seed susp
ension
of Butea
seed
s D
ose of 175
and
an
d 6578 r
espe
ctively In cases
monosperma in rats Fitoterap
ia
359 mg
kg bod
y weigh
twhe
re pregn
ancy
con
tinu
ed b
irth
1990
LXI(6)547
ndash550
defects w
ere no
ticed 61
54
and
3422
resp
ective
ly
430
Butea monosperma
Butin isolated
from seeds
Adu
ltAnti-im
plantation activity in 40
70
Bha
rgav
a SK
Estroge
nic an
d
of Butea monosperma
female rats
and 90
of the treated animals
postcoital an
tico
ncep
tive
activity
Oral ad
ministration to
resu
lted
At lower doses there was a
in rats of butin iso
lated from
rats at 5 10 and
20 mg
dose-dep
enden
t term
ination of
Butea monospermaseed
J
per rat day
1ndash5
of
pregn
ancy
and
a decrease in the
Ethno
pha
rm 198
618
(1)9
5ndash10
1pr
egna
ncy
numbe
r of implantation sites
Capsicum annuum L
Rats fed the
following
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
princ
iples
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
SOLA
NACEAE
plan
ts for 8 w
eeks
were ex
amined
for the
ir pos
sible
dietary spices or the
ir active
Katuv
ira
Brassicasp
ecies
influen
ce on the digestive
enz
ymes of
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes
Span
ish Pep
per
Capsicum annum
intestinal m
ucosa D
ietary curcumin
of small intestinal m
ucosa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
caps
aicin piperine an
d Zingiber
Int J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash
59
Curcuma longa Ferula
officinaleprominen
tly en
hanc
ed
foetida Piper longum
intestinal lipase activity and
also the
Piper nigrum
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
maltase
Trigonella foenum-
Dietary Cum
inum
cyminum
Trigonella
graecum Zingiber
foemum
-graecum
Brassica sp
ecies an
d
officinale
Ferula foetida
brou
ght ab
out decreases
in the
lev
els of pho
spha
tases an
d
sucrase The
positive influen
ces of a
good
num
ber of spices on term
inal
enzy
mes of the digestive
process cou
ld
be an ad
ditiona
l featur
e of species
that are gen
erally w
ell recogn
ized
to
stim
ulate digestion
Capsicum annuum
Intran
asal cap
saicin
Dou
ble-blind
Patien
ts w
ith cluster headache
sMarks D
R e
t al A dou
ble-blind
placeb
o-received
intrana
sal caps
aicin an
dplacebo
con
trolled trial of
controlle
dex
perien
ced a significant decrease in
intran
asal cap
saicin for cluster
trial
head
ache
sev
erity relative
to co
ntrols
head
ache
Cep
halalgia 199
313
(2)
114ndash
116
Capsicum annuum
Top
ically applied
Ran
dom
ized
All efficacy
variablesrelated
to he
rpetic
Watso
n CPN e
t al A ran
dom
ized
capsaicin 0075
cream
vehicle-
neuralgia sho
wed
a significant
vehicle-co
ntrolle
d trial of topical
controlle
dim
prove
men
t at nea
rly all time po
ints
caps
aicin in treatmen
t of
trial 14
3throug
hout the study for bo
th
postherpe
tic ne
uralgia C
lin
patien
tspatient group
s red
uction in pain
The
r 19
9315(3)510
ndash526
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
431
(continued)
with ch
ronic
or cha
nges in pain seve
rity pa
in relief
post-herpetic
and func
tion
al cap
acity scale
neur
algia
Capsicum annuum
007
5 cap
saicin cream
Dou
ble-blind
Cap
saicin cream
was app
lied top
ically
The
Cap
saican
Study Group
App
lied 4
3pe
r day
for
vehicle-
to areas of pain in patients with
Treatmen
t of painful diabe
tic
8 weeks
controlle
ddiabe
tic ne
uropathy
The
cream
neuropa
thy with topical cap
saican
study
produced significant relief for patients
a multicen
ter dou
ble-blind v
ehicle-
compared
to thos
e receiving a no
nactive
control-led study A
rch Int Med
cream
1991
151
(11)222
5ndash22
29
Capsicum annuum
Nasal cap
saicin
Hum
an trial
Cluster headache
patients (11
16) ex
peri-
Raloff J Hot prosp
ects for que
lling
16
cluster
enced cessation of hea
dache
s after
clus
ter he
adache
s Sci N
ews 19
91
head
ache
treatm
ent with capsaicin solution
in the
1320ndash
21
patien
tsno
stril of the
sam
e side of the
hea
dache
Ano
ther 2 patients ex
perienc
ed 50
reduc
tion
in pa
in
Capsicum annuum
002
5 cap
saicin cream
Dou
ble-
The
study indicates 0025
cap
saicin is
Walke
r FO
Lew
is SF Som
esthetic
blinded
a safe top
ical age
nt w
ith dem
onstrable
and electroph
ysiologic effects of
controlle
dclinical effects on sm
all fibe
r func
tion
topical 002
5 cap
saicin in man
trial
but no
t on
large
fiber or au
tono
mic
Reg
Ane
sth 19
901561
ndash66
10 subjects
func
tion
Capsicum annum
Cap
saicin cream
0025
Case stud
yAfter amputation sev
ere pain dev
elop
ed
Ray
ner HC e
t al Relief of loc
al
43daily
47-year-old
in both stum
ps A
pplic
ation of cap
saicin
stump pain by
cap
saicin cream
diabe
tic
relie
ved the
pain co
mpletely after day
Lan
cet 19
892512
76ndash1
277
with be
low
7 with no
loc
al irritation O
n stop
ping
the kn
eethe cream p
ain returned
after 2 d
ays
ampu
tation
Capsicum annuum
Spice princ
iples cap
saicin
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
curcumin p
iperine Plants
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
Brassica Cinnamomum
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepatic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian J Bioch
emcymimum
Ferula foetida
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 19
8926(4)254
ndash258
Tamarindus indica Trigonella
graecum
also stimulated the
lev
els of
foenum
-graecum
cy
toch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
Zingiber officinale
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Capsicum annuum
Cap
saicin cream
or placebo
Dou
ble-blind
Sign
ifican
t increa
sed relie
f in
Berns
tein JE et al T
opical cap
saicin
trea
ted for a 6-w
eek
controlle
dcaps
aicin-treated group
com
pared
trea
tmen
t of chr
onic pos
therpetic
period
trial 32
with ve
hicle was observe
d for all
neuralgia J A
m A
cad D
ermatol
patien
tsefficacy
variables A
fter 6 w
eeks
19
892126
5ndash27
0with ch
ronic
80 of caps
aicin-treated patients
post-herpetic
expe
rien
ced som
e pa
in relief
neur
algia
432
Capsicum annuum
Cap
saicin cream
0025
2 case studies
Male 67 ye
ars old with Diabetes mellitus
Ross DR Varipap
a RJ Treatmen
t of
presented
with pa
in in the ou
ter
painful diabe
tic ne
uropa
thy with
aspe
cts of left thigh C
apsaicin treatmen
ttopical caps
aicin N
Eng
l JM
ed
33per day
resulted in total relief
1989
321
(7)4
74ndash4
75
of dys
esthesias within 5 day
s M
ale
57 yea
rs old with diabe
tic ne
uropa
thy
was treated
with caps
aicin 43
per
day
Within 2 weeks
he stated
pain
was relieve
d to a muc
h greater ex
tent
Capsicum annuum
Top
ical 0025
cap
saicin
Human
trial
After a variety of treatm
ent ap
proache
s W
atson CP e
t al T
he post-
18 patients
(to reduce pain) w
ere uns
atisfactory
mastectom
y pain sy
ndrome an
d
with post-
12 of the 14
patients co
mpleting
the effect of topical capsaicin Pain
mastectom
ytrea
tmen
t with caps
aicin sh
owed
19
893817
7ndash18
6pa
inim
prove
men
t after 4 weeks and
8 (57
)
synd
rome
were judg
ed to be
goo
d or ex
celle
nt
resp
onses
Capsicum annuum
Top
ical 0025
cap
saicin
Human
trial
39 entering the trial achiev
ed at least
Watson CP e
t al P
ost-he
rpetic
33 patients
a go
od result and
55
were im
prove
d
neur
algia an
d top
ical cap
saicin
with post-
or better 56
of the 23
patients
Pain 19
883333
3ndash34
0he
rpetic
completing
the
study ha
d goo
d or
neuralgia
excelle
nt pain relie
f after 4 weeks 78
of the
23 no
ted at least some
improve
men
t in pain
Capsicum annuum
Cap
saicin cream
0025
Case stud
yHealthy
male 66 ye
ars old p
resented
Haw
k RJ Millikan
LE Treatmen
t of
Stan
dard therap
y includ
ed
with he
rpes zos
ter A
fter 18 mon
ths
oral postherpe
tic ne
uralgia w
ith
15 mL betam
etha
sone
of stand
ard treatmen
t su
bject
topical capsaicin Int JD
ermatol
sodium pho
spha
te 1
5 m
Linitiated cap
saicin treatmen
t19
8827(5)336
triamcino
lone
acetonide
Discomfort decreased
within 2 day
s(4
3pe
r day
application) F
our weeks
after initiating
treatmen
t patient
awok
e with no
pain
Carum
carvi
L
For ob
stipation a
Human
trial
The
lax
ative he
rb com
bina
tion
was
Matev
M e
t al Use of an
herba
l UMBELLIFE
RAE
combina
tion
of Rhamus
patien
ts w
ith
effective in 100
of the pa
tien
ts
combina
tion
with laxa
tive
action
Krish
najira
frangula Citrus aurantium
duod
enal ulcer
Daily defecation in 906
of patients
on duod
enal pep
tic ulcer an
d
Caraw
ayCarum
carvi F
or m
ain
or gastrod
uo-
and eve
ry secon
d day
defecation was
gastroduod
enitis patients with a
disea
se a
com
bina
tion
of
den
itis
obtained
94 of the pa
tien
ts
conc
omitan
t ob
stipation
Symphitum
officinalis and
all with
synd
rome [Bulgarian] Vutr
Calendula officinalis
obstipation
Boles 198
120
(6)4
8ndash51
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
433
(continued)
Cassia fistula
L
Aqu
eous fraction
of
Mice
Cassia fistula
prod
uced a sign
ifican
tAve
lla E e
t al Ev
aluation of tradi-
LEGUMMIN
OSA
Eleav
es of Cassia fistula
decrease in glycemia and
in the
tion
al m
edicineEffects of Cajanus
Aragh
ada
Dosag
es of 30
0 500
and
glucose toleran
ce test
cajanL an
d of Cassia fistula
L on
Indian labu
rnum
100 mg
kgcarboh
ydrate m
etab
olism in mice
[Span
ish] R
ev M
ed Pan
ama
1991
16(1)39ndash
45
Cassia fistula
Leg
ume Cassia fistula
Albino rats
Administration of Cassia fistula produ
ced
el-Saa
dan
y SS
et al The
bioch
emical
a sign
ifican
t decrease in blood
and
role and
hyp
ocho
lesterolaemic
liver total lipids Brain s
pleen kidne
ys
poten
tial of the legu
me Cassia
and heart followed
a sim
ilar tren
d but
fistula
in hyp
erch
olesterolaem
ic
with mod
erate effect B
lood
liver
rats N
ahru
ng 199
135
(8)8
07ndash8
15
kidne
ys sp
leen
and
hea
rt total
cholesterol sign
ifican
tly decreased
The
lev
el of triglycerides w
as m
arke
dly
improve
d
Cassia fistula
Who
le seed pow
der of
Rat go
lden
Cassia fistula
was fou
nd to be
amoe
bicida
lSh
ukla SC
Das SR C
ure of
Cassia fistula
hamster and
cysticidal a
nd cur
ed exp
erim
ental
Amoe
biasis by seed
pow
der of
human
scaecal amoe
biasis he
patic am
oebiasis
Cassia fistula Int JC
rude Dru
g Res
and intestina
l am
oebiasis of hu
man
s19
8826(3)141
ndash144
Cedrus deodara
Extracts of Cedrus
Rab
bits
Extract w
as tried
aga
inst m
ixed
Sang
wan
AK et al Clin
ical efficacy
(Rox
b ex D Don
)deodaraan
d Pongamia
infestations
of Psoroptes cuniculi(ear
of a herba
l ge
l an
d ointm
ent
G D
onglabra Cha
rmil in the
cank
er) an
d Notoedres cati(m
ange
)(C
harm
il) aga
inst m
ange
in rabb
its
PIN
ACEA
Etw
in formulation
s of gel
in a colon
y of lab
oratory rabb
its Two
Indian Vet J 199
471
(9)9
25ndash9
27
Dev
adaru
and ointm
ent
applic
ations
1 w
eek ap
art cu
red the
Deo
dar
rabb
its completely
Cedrus deodara
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sh
arma RK Man
agem
ent of
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica
Patients with
cong
estive
cardiac failu
re w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic hea
rt disease card
iomyo
pathy
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
and cor pulm
onale were give
n po
wder
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash126
Cedrus deodara
of Inula racemosa
while patients with
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rheu
matic hea
rt disease w
ere give
nTerminalia chebula
Commiphora mukul After 2 w
eeks
Tinospora cordifolia
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Trichosantes lobata
completely 2
had
bradyc
ardia a
ndInula racemosa2 g 8
2 were refractory
hourly Commiphora
mukul1
2 g 8
hourly Urgenic indica
100 mg 8 hou
rly
Cedrus deodara
Him
acha
lol iden
tified
as
Cat
Intrag
astric administration of him
acha
lol
Kar K
et al Sp
asmolytic con
stituen
ts
the major antispa
smod
icor pap
averine (100
mg
kg) pr
oduced
of Cedrus deodara (R
oxb) Lo
ud
cons
tituen
t in the
woo
deq
ual inh
ibition of ind
uced
spasm of
pha
rmacolog
ical eva
luation of
of Cedrus deodara
the intestine lasting
abo
ut 2 ho
urs
himacha
lol J Pha
rm Sci 197
564
(2)
but the himacha
lol ha
d a faster
258ndash
262
onset of action
434
Cinnamomum
Aqu
eous
and
chloroform
Rats
Preg
nant fem
ale rats treated
with bo
thPe
llega
tti-Le
mon
ica I Borro-M
aced
o zeylanicum
Blume
extracts Cinnamomum
extracts presented
an increa
sed num
ber
AMR A
bortive an
dor embryo
-LAURACEAE
zeylanicum
70 m
gkg
of resorption
s A
non
sign
ifican
tfetotoxic effect of Cinnamomum
Twak
numbe
r of abn
ormalities were
zeylanicum
leaf extracts in
Cinna
mon
observed
in liv
e fetuses
pregn
ant rats F
itoterap
ia19
9465(5)431
ndash434
Cinnamomum
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants did not sho
w any
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K E
ffect of
zeylanicum
zeylanica Cum
inum
cholesterol decreasing effect w
hen
cumin cinn
amon
ging
er m
ustard
cyminum
Zingiber
includ
ed in the no
rmal and
and tam
arind in induc
ed hyp
er-
officinale
hype
rcho
lesterolem
ia-ind
ucing
diet at
cholesterolemic rats N
ahru
ng 199
1ab
out five
fold normal human
intak
e35
(1)4
7ndash51
leve
lCinnamomum
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
liver
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
zeylanicum
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
microsomal cytochrom
e P450-de
pend
ent
of spices and
spice princ
iples on
cyminum
Ferula
aryl hyd
roxy
lase Cum
inum
cyminum
he
patic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
foetida Tamarindus
Zingiber officinale
and Trigonella
system
in rats Ind
ian J Bioch
em
indica Trigonella
foenum
-graecum
also stimulated
the
lev
els
Bioph
ys 198926
(4)2
54ndash2
58
foenum
-graecum
of cytoc
hrom
e P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
Zingiber officinale
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Clitoria ternateaL
Alcoh
olic extract of
Rod
ents
No ab
stract ava
ilable
Kulkarni C
et al Effect of alcoh
olic
LEGUMIN
OSA
EClitoria ternatea
extract of Clitoria ternateaLinn on
Apa
rajita
central ne
rvou
s sy
stem
in rode
nts
Butterfly pea
Indian
J E
xp Biol 1
98826(12)957ndash960
Cocos nucifera
L
Hem
icellulose and
Rats
The
results indicate that hem
icellulose
Sind
hurani JA R
ajam
ohan
T Hyp
o-PALMAE
cellu
lose fiber from
rich
fiber from Cocos nucifera sho
wed
lip
idem
ic effect of hem
icellulose
Narikela
Cocos nucifera
a decrease co
ncen
tration of total
compon
ent of coc
onut fiber Indian
Cocon
ut plant
cholesterol LDL and
VLDL and
JExp
Biol 19
9836(8)786
ndash789
an
inc
rease in H
DL w
hile cellulose
rich
Cocos nucifera
fibe
r sh
owed
no
sign
ifican
t alteration
Cocos nucifera
Coc
onut ke
rnal
Animals
Coc
onut kerna
l thus reduc
ed the
Nalini N e
t al H
istopatho
logical
mutage
nic an
d carcino
genic effect of
and lipid cha
nges in ex
perim
ental
chili and
12-dim
ethy
lhyd
razine
co
lon canc
er effect of co
conu
t resp
ective
ly
kern
al (Cocos nucifera
Linn)
and (Capsicum annum
Linn) red
chili pow
der Ind
ian J Ex
p Biol
1997
35(9)964
ndash971
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
435
(continued)
Cocos nucifera
Coc
onut an
d cocon
ut oil
Clin
ical Trial
Con
sumption
of coco
nut or coc
onut
Kum
ar PD T
he role of coc
onut and
32
coron
ary
oil was fou
nd to be
sim
ilar in both
coco
nut oil in coron
ary he
art
heart
grou
ps The
group
s did not differ in
disease in Kerala sou
th Ind
ia
disea
sethe fat saturated fat and
cho
lesterol
Trop D
oct 19
9727(4)215
ndash217
pa
tien
ts and
cons
umption The
result im
ply no
16 m
atch
edsp
ecific role for coco
nut or coc
onut
healthy
oil in the
cau
sation
of co
rona
ry hea
rtco
ntrols
disease in this set of patients
Cocos nucifera
Diet cons
ists of tube
rs
Human
o-3 fatty acids an
d linoleic acid sho
wed
Lind
eberg S et al L
ipop
rotein
fruit c
ocon
ut fish
and
Trial 15
1poten
tially ben
eficial effect w
ith lip
o-
composition an
d serum
cho
leserol
vege
tables w
ith a
subs
istenc
ean
d apolipo-pr
oteins
Relations
of
ester fatty acids in non
western
ized
negligible influen
ce of
horticultur-
palmitic acid to seru
m lipids may
be
Melan
esians
Lipids 19
9631(2)
western foo
d and
alists 20
ndash86
explained
in term
s of end
ogen
ous fat
153ndash
158
alcoho
lye
ars
synthe
sis at a low
-fat intak
e rathe
r than
reflecting its relative
intak
eCocos nucifera
Source of m
onou
nsatur
ated
Rab
bits
The
se findings
do no
t su
pport the view
Nielsen
LB et al Rep
lacemen
t of
fatty acids oliv
e oil
that rep
lacemen
t of dietary saturated
dietary saturated fat w
ith mon
o-So
urce of saturated fatty
fat with olive oil ha
s a major impact on
uns
aturated fat effect on
acids butter Exp
t A lard
the dev
elop
men
t of atherosclerosis in
athe
roge
nesis in cho
lesterol-fed
Exp
t B c
ocon
ut oil Ex
pt C
ad
dition to tha
t acco
unted for by
rabb
its clam
ped at the same
and butter or lard
Exp
t D
chan
ges in plasm
a ch
olesterol leve
ls
plasm
a ch
olesterol leve
l Br J
Nutr 199
574
(4)5
09ndash5
21
Cocos nucifera
Low
-fat cho
w diet or
Rats
Whe
reas saturated fatty acids are
Isen
see H Jacob
R D
ifferential
one en
rich
ed w
ith 10
proarrh
ythm
ic d
iets enr
iche
d w
ith n-
effects of various oil diets on
hydroge
nated coc
onut
6 or n-3 polyu
nsatur
ated
fatty acids
the risk
of card
iac arrhythm
ias
oil co
rn oil linseed
oil
both exe
rt antiarrhy
thmic effects
in rats JCardiova
sc R
isk 19
94
or sardine oil
1(4)353
ndash359
Cocos nucifera
Hyd
roge
nated coc
onut
Rats
Com
pared w
ith rats fed
hyd
roge
nated
Bouzian
e M et al Cha
nges in fatty
oil an
d salm
on oil
coconu
t oil diets those fed salmon
oil
acid com
position
s of total serum
diets had
enh
anced LDL-H
DL1 an
dan
d lip
oprotein particles in
HDL2-3 bu
t lower V
LDL total
grow
ing rats given
protein-
apolipop
roteins
diets deficient w
ith either
hydroge
nated coc
onut or salmon
oils as fat sources B
r J Nutr 1994
71(3)3
75ndash3
87
Cocos nucifera
Cocos nucifera
pollen
Clin
ical Trial
The
clin
ical status of the
patients
Karmak
ar PR et al Placebo
-ex
tract im
mun
othe
rapy
96 patients
mea
sured by the symptom
-med
ication
controlle
d immuno
therap
y with
(CPE
-IT)
allergic to
scores dem
onstrated tha
t Cocos
Cocos nucifera
pollen ex
tract Int
Cocos nucifera
nucifera
polle
n-allergic patients ha
dArch Alle
rgy Im
muno
l 19
94103
(2)
polle
nsign
ifican
t (p
000
5) clin
ical
194ndash
201
improve
men
t after CPE-IT com
pared
to placebo
treatmen
tCocos nucifera
200 g co
nsumed
12 or
Rats
The
re w
ere no
differenc
es amon
gSa
tchithan
andam
S et al Coc
onut oil
24 sesam
e oil or
grou
ps in the distribution of
and sesame oil affect lym
pha
tic
coconu
t oil diets or a
cholesterol an
d oleic acid eithe
r in the
absorp
tion
of ch
olesterol an
d fatty
control diet (14
corn
lymph
lipop
roteins or in the lip
idacids in rats J N
utr 199
312
3(11
)oil) ad libitum for 4
classes
1852
ndash185
8weeks
436
Cocos nucifera
You
ng coc
onut water
Hum
an trial
You
ng coc
onut w
ater can
be us
ed w
ith
Adam
s W
Bratt D
E Y
oung
coc
onut
early refeed
ing as a hom
e gluco
se
water for hom
e rehy
dration
in
electrolyte oral reh
ydration
solution
ch
ildren with mild
gastroe
nteritis
in early stage
s of m
ild diarrhe
al
Trop G
eogr M
ed 199
244
(1ndash2
)disea
se It sho
uld not be used in
149ndash
153
patients with seve
re cho
lera or w
ith
thos
e who
are deh
ydrated and
or
in w
hom ren
al fun
ction is impaired
Cordia myxaL
Petroleum ether and
Rats
Results obtaine
d sho
wed
extracts ha
ve a
Ficarra R et al Lea
f extracts of some
BORAGIN
ACEAE
alco
hol extracts of
sign
ifican
t an
alge
sic antiin
flam
matory
Cordiasp
ecies ana
lgesic and
anti-
Sleshm
atak
aCordia francisci Cordia
and antiarthr
itic activity in the
rat
inflam
matory activities as well as
Sebe
sten
plum
myxaan
d Cordia
their ch
romatog
raph
ic ana
lysis
serratifolia
leav
esFa
rmaco 19
9550(4)245
ndash256
Coriandrum
Plants include
leav
es of
Mice
Treatmen
t with Agrimonia eupatoria
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Tradition
al
sativum
L
Agrimonia eupatoria
Medicago sativa Coriandrum sativum
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
UMBELLIFERAE
Alchemilla vulgaris
Eucalyptus globulus
and Juniperus
Studies in normal and
Dha
nyak
abu
lbs of Allium
sativum
communis
reduced the
lev
el of hy
per-
streptozo
tocin diabe
tic mice
Coriand
erChelidonium majus
glyc
emia during
dev
elop
men
t of
Diabe
tologia 19
9033(8)462
ndash464
Convallaria majalis
streptozo
tocin diabe
tes in m
ice This
seed
s of Coriandrum
was associated w
ith reduc
edsativum Eucalyptus
polyd
ipsia (excep
t Coriandrum
globulusroo
ts of
sativum) an
d a red
uced
rate of w
eigh
tGlycyrrhiza glabra
loss (ex
cept Agrimonia eupatoria)
dried
berries of
Juniperus communis
Medicago sativa Rubus
fraticosus
Crocus sativusL
Liposom
e en
caps
ulation
Mice
Saffron effectively en
hanc
edNair SC
et al Effect of saffron
on
IRID
ACEAE
of saffron
antitumor activity towards
Sarco
ma-
thym
ocyte proliferation intra-
Kum
kana
180 an
d Ehr
lich ascites carcinom
acellu
lar glutathion
e leve
ls and
its
Saffron
solid
tum
ors Significant inh
ibition in
anti-tum
or activity Biofactors 19
92
the grow
th of these tumors was
4(1)51ndash
54
observed
com
pared
with co
ntrols
Crocus sativus
Top
ical application of
Mice
Top
ical app
lication inhibited 2-stage
Salomi MJ et al Inhibitory effects
Crocus sativusan
dinitiation
prom
otion sk
inof Nigella sativaan
d saffron
Nigella sativaex
tracts
carcinog
enesis O
ral ad
ministration
(Crocus sativus) on ch
emical
Crocus sativa Oral dose
restricted
tum
or inc
iden
ce to 10
carcinog
enesis in mice N
utrition
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
437
(continued)
of 100
mg
kg w
eigh
t IP
compared
with 10
0 in 20
-Can
cer 19
9116(1)67ndash
72
dose Nigella sativaIP
methy
lcho
lanthr
ene (M
CA)-treated
100 mg
kg w
eigh
tco
ntrols Both Nigella sativaan
dCrocus sativusrestricted
tumor
inciden
ce to 33
3 and
10
resp
ective
ly c
ompared
with 10
0 in
MCA-treated
con
trols
Crocus sativus
Saffron ex
tracted w
ith
Mice
Oral ad
ministration of saffron
Nair SC
et al Antitum
or activity of
etha
nol (95
) an
dincrea
sed the
lifespa
n of sarco
ma-
saffron (Crocus sativus) Can
cer
purified
Dose of
180 Ehrlic
h ascites Carcino
ma an
dLett 19
91157(2)109
ndash114
20
0 mg
kg w
eigh
tDaltonrsquos lympho
ma ascites tumor
bearing mice to 111
83
5 a
nd11
25
respe
ctively
Cum
inum
Allium
cepa Allium
27 healthy
Tolbu
tamide Cucurbita ficifolia
Rom
an R
R e
t al Antihyp
erglyc
emic
cyminum
L
sativa Brassica
rabb
its
Phaseolus vulgaris Opuntia
effect of some ed
ible plants
UMBEL
LIFERAE
oleracea Cucurbita
streptacantha Spinacea oleracea
JEthno
pha
rm 199548
(1)2
5ndash32
Jeerak
aficifolia Cum
inum
Cucum
is sativusan
d Cum
inum
Cum
in seed
cyminum
Cucum
iscyminum
decreased significantly the
sativus Lactuca sativa
area und
er the
gluco
se toleran
ce curve
Opuntia streptacantha
and the
hyp
erglyc
emic pea
k Brassica
Phaseolus vulgaris
oleracea Allium
cepaan
d Allium
Psidum guajava
sativum
only decreased
the
Spinacea oleracea
hype
rglycemic pea
k The
glycemic
decreases cau
sed by Psidum guajava
Brassica oleracea
and Lactuca sativa
were no
t sign
ifican
tCum
inum
cyminum
Rats fed for 8 w
eeks
the
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K Srinivasan
K Influe
nce of
follo
wing plan
ts
principles w
ere ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or their active
Brassicasp
ecies
possible influen
ce on the digestive
principles on digestive
enz
ymes
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
uco
sa Dietary
of small intestinal m
uco
sa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcum
in caps
aicin piperine an
dInt J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash
59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprominen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
Trigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetidabrou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
phos
phatases and
sucrase The
positive
influen
ces of a goo
d num
ber
of spices on
terminal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
addition
al feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
438
Cum
inum
cyminum
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
dCum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
rats
sanctum
leav
es Papaver somnifera
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
seed
s sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian plan
t produc
ts Fo
od C
hem
asafoetida Ocimum
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to be
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
sanctum Moringa
valuab
le anticarcino
gens
oleifera Papaver
somniferaPiper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants did not sho
w any
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Effect of
zeylanica Cum
inum
cholesterol decreasing effect w
hen
cumin c
inna
mon
ginge
r m
ustard
cyminum
Zingiber
included
in the no
rmal and
and tam
arind in induced hyp
er-
officinale
hyperch
olesterolemia-ind
ucing diet at
cholesterolemic rats N
ahru
ng 199
1ab
out five
fold normal human
intak
e35
(1)4
7ndash51
leve
lCum
inum
cyminum
Two capsu
les of 450 m
g20
case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a
each
Coccinia indica
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mean
composite he
rbal dru
g in the
Cum
inum
cyminum
mellitus
bloo
d suga
r va
lues
trea
tmen
t of D
iabe
tes mellitus
Eugenia jambolana Gymnema
(Mad
humeh
a) A
ryav
aidya
n sylvestre Momordica
1991
5(1)3
6ndash46
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Cum
inum
cyminum
Cumin seeds
Swiss mice
Cum
in seeds increa
sed the
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
glutathion
e-S-tran
sferase activity by
Plan
t products as protective ag
ents
more than
78
in stom
ach liver and
agains
t canc
er Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
esop
hagu
s high en
ough
to be
1990
28(11
)100
8ndash10
11
cons
idered
protective ag
ents aga
inst
carcinog
enesis Glutathione
lev
els
were also significantly inc
reased
in
the three tissue
s
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
439
(continued)
Cum
inum
cyminum
Spice pr
inciples c
apsaicin
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Influen
ce
curcumin p
iperine
liver m
icrosomal cytochr
ome P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
Plan
ts Brassica
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepa
tic mixed
fun
ction ox
ygen
ase
Cinnamomum
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
Cum
inum
cyminum
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 1989
26(4)254
ndash258
Ferula foetida Tamarindus
graecum
also stimulated the
lev
els of
indica Trigonella
cytoch
rome P450 an
d b5 Cum
inum
foenum
-graecum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
Zingiber officinale
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Cum
inum
cyminum
Petroleum ether
Female
The
alcoh
olic extract of Cum
inum
Garg SK
Antifertility screen
ing of
alcoho
l an
d aqu
eous
albino
rats
cyminum
seed
s sh
owed
100
plantsmdash
Effect of fou
r indigen
ous
extracts of cu
min seeds
antifertility effect at a dose of 150
plants of early pregn
ancy
in female
mg
kg
albino
rats Ind
ian JM
ed R
es
1976
64(8)113
3ndash11
35
Cum
inum
cyminum
Cum
inum
cyminum
and
Matur
eCum
inum
cyminum
has a proliferative
Agraw
alaa
IP e
t al Galactogo
gue
Nigella sativapo
wders
female
action
on the brea
st tissu
e bu
t no
action
of Cum
inum
cyminum
and
albino
rats
galactog
ogue
(increa
se in milk
yield
Nigella sativa Ind
JMed
Res 196
8of lactating
mothe
r) action
56(8)8
41ndash8
44
Curcuma longaL
Hyd
roch
loric acid
Human
trial
A significant decrease in the
lev
els of
Ram
irez
-Bos
ca A
et al Antioxidan
t ZIN
GIBERACEAE
extracts of Curcuma
health
serum lipid perox
ides w
as
curcum
a ex
tracts decrease the
Haridra
longa Equ
ivalen
t daily
human
sdem
onstrated
bloo
d lipid perox
ide leve
ls of
Turm
eric
dose of 20 mg cu
rcumin
human
subjects A
ge 199
518
(4)
167ndash
169
Curcuma longa
Rats fed for 8 weeks the
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
follo
wing plan
ts
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or their active
Brassica sp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
ucosa D
ietary
of small intestinal m
uco
sa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcum
in capsaicin p
iperine an
dInt J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash
59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprominen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
Trigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetida
brou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
pho
spha
tases an
d sucrase The
positive influen
ces of a goo
d numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
440
Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa15 g
day
Clin
ical trial
Curcuma longasign
ifican
tly redu
ced
Kalpa
gam P et al Effect of turm
eric
for 30
day
ssm
okers
urina
ry excretion
of mutage
ns in
on urina
ry m
utage
ns in sm
okers
nons
mok
ers
smok
ers In no
n-sm
okers there was
Mutag
enesis 199
27(2)107
ndash109
as con
trols
no cha
nge
Curcuma longa
Ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Tox
icities studies were don
e N
oQuresh
i S et al Tox
icity stud
ies on
rhizom
es of Alpinia
sign
ifican
t mortality co
mpared
to
Alpinia galanga
and Curcuma longa
galangaan
d Curcuma
controls w
as noted
The
gain in
Planta Med
199
258
(2)1
24ndash1
27
longa
Acu
te dos
ages
weigh
ts of sexu
al organ
s an
d05 10 an
d 3 gkg
bod
yincrea
sed spe
rm m
otility and
spe
rmweigh
t Chron
ic dosag
ecounts were ob
served
in bo
th group
s10
0 mg
kg per day
The
se cha
nges w
ere high
ly significant
in the
Alpinia galanga-treated
group
Both ex
tracts failed to sh
ow any
spermatotox
ic effects
Curcuma longa
Azadirachta indicaan
dPilo
t stud
yIn 97
of the scab
ies cases a cur
eCha
rles V
Cha
rles SX T
he use and
Curcuma longapa
ste
814 patients
was obtaine
d w
ithin 3ndash
15 day
s of
efficacy
of Azadirachta indicaADR
with scab
ies
trea
tmen
t(lsquoNeemrsquo) and
Curcuma longa
(lsquoTurm
ericrsquo) in scab
ies A
pilo
tstudy Trop Geo
gr M
ed 199
244
17
8ndash18
1Curcuma longa
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
d rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Siva
ramak
rish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
sanctum
leav
es Papaver somnifera
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
seed
s sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian plant products Foo
d C
hem
asafoetida O
cimum
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to be
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
sanctum M
oringa
valuab
le anticarcino
gens
oleifera Papaver
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Curcuma longa
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Osteo
arthritis patients were rand
omly
Kulkarni R
R e
t al Treatmen
t of
450 mg Boswellia
placeb
o-allocated to receive the placebo
or the
osteoa
rthr
itis w
ith a he
rbal
serrataOleo gu
m resin
controlle
dhe
rbom
ineral formulation
Aform
ulation
a dou
ble-blind
100 mg Curcuma longa
trial 42
sign
ifican
t drop was noted
in the
placebo
-con
trolled c
ross-ove
r rhizom
e 50
mg and
pa
tien
tsseve
rity of pain (p
000
1) and
study JEthno
pha
rm 199
133
(1ndash2
)zinc
com
plex 50 mg
disab
ility sco
re (p
005
)91
ndash95
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
441
(continued)
Curcuma longa
Spice pr
inciples
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Influen
ce
capsaicin cu
rcum
in
liver m
icrosomal cytochr
ome P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
piperine Plants
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepa
tic mixed
fun
ction ox
ygen
ase
Brassica Cinnamomum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian J Bioch
em
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 1989
26(4)254
ndash258
cyminum
Ferula
graecum
also stimulatd the
lev
els of
foetida Tamarindus
cytoch
rome P450 an
d b5 Cum
inum
indica Trigonella
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
foenum
-graecum
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Zingiber officinale
Curcuma longa
50 extract of Curcuma
Rats
The
extracts increased H
DL-total
Dixit V
P e
t al Hyp
olipidaemic
longaan
d Nardostachys
cholesterol ratio an
d also caus
ed a
effects of Curcuma LongaL and
jatamansi
(who
le plant)
sign
ifican
t decrease in the
ratio of
Nardostachys jatamansi D
C in
total ch
olesterolpho
spho
lipid
triton
-ind
uced
hyp
erlip
idae
mic
Curcuma longaex
hibited better
rats Ind
ian JP
hysiol Pha
rmacol
cholesterol an
d triglyc
eride
1988
32(4)299
ndash304
decreasing activity tha
n Nardostachys
jatamansi
Curcuma longa
Ethan
olic extract
Human
trial
A decrease in smell (90
) an
d in
Kuttan R e
t al T
urm
eric and
Curcuma longaan
d an
62 patients
itch
ing in alm
ost all cases was noted
cu
rcumin as topical ag
ents in canc
er
ointmen
t of curcumin
with
Dry lesions
were ob
served
in 70
therap
y Tumori 19
877329
ndash31
extern
alan
d 10
had
a decrease in lesion size
canc
erou
san
d pain
lesion
sCurcuma longa
1-phe
nyl-1-hy
drox
y-N-
Human
and
Both plasm
a an
d secretin co
ncen
tration
Che
w W
Y e
t al Effect of
pentan
e a syn
thetic
anim
al trial
and pan
crea
tic bicarbon
ate ou
tput
1-phe
nylpen
tano
l on
release of
derivative of Curcuma
Fasting dog
sincrea
sed significantly S
ugg
ests usage
secretin and
exo
crine pa
ncreatic
longa
and human
sfor su
bjects w
ith achlorhy
dria sev
ere
secretion in dog
s an
d human
shy
posecretory state or total
Gastroe
nterolog
y 19
8384(6)
gastrectom
y15
78ndash1
584
Curcuma zedoaria
Seve
n isolated
com
pou
nds
Mice
Extracts significantly inh
ibited
stress
Watan
abe K et al Antiulcer activity
(Christm
) Rosco
efrom
8 Curcuma zedoaria
ulcer formation in restraine
d and
of extracts an
d isolated com
pou
nds
ZIN
GIBERACEAE
extracts Oral an
dwater-immersed m
ice Sugg
ests a
from
zed
oary (ga
jutsu) cu
ltivated
Sh
ati
subc
utane
ous
poten
t inhibition
of acute
in Y
akush
ima (Jap
an) Yak
uga
ku
Rou
nd zed
oary
administration
experim
ental ga
stric ulcers
Zassh
i 19
86106
(12)113
7ndash11
42
Curcuma zedoaria
Pow
der from dried
Mice rats
Powder significantly inh
ibited
the
Hatsu
yo M
et al Pha
rmacolog
ical
subterrane
an stem
intestinal trans
it of ch
arco
al in mice
effects of the
pow
der from
Curcuma zedoariaOral
and significantly inc
reased
the
bile
Curcuma zedoaria R
osco
e on
the
ad
ministration of the
secretion in rats an
d slig
htly inh
ibited
gastro-intestina
l tract of exp
eri-
powder
the stom
ach secretion in rats
men
tal an
imals Y
akuga
ku Z
assh
i 19
84104
(6)6
40ndash6
43
Curcuma zedoaria
Flou
r prep
ared
from
Rats chick
sThe
high-protein flour prove
d highly
Latif MA e
t al T
oxicity of sho
ti
rhizom
es of Curcuma
toxic to 5-w
eek-old rats an
d cau
sed
(Ind
ian arrowroot Curcuma
zedoaria
100
mortality within 6 day
s whe
nzedoaria) for rats and
chick
s
442
give
n 32
0 g
kg diet
Br JN
utr 197
941
(1)5
7ndash63
Cyperus rotundus L
Xiao W
ei Y
an Pow
der
Ran
dom
ized
After 2ndash4
mon
ths ad
ministration total
Liu X
R et al Treatmen
t of intestina
l CYPER
ACEAE
Mixture of seve
ral he
rbs
controlle
deffective rate of intestinal m
etap
lasia
metap
lasia an
d atypical hyp
erplasia
Mus
taka
including Bletilla
trial 13
8an
d atypical hy
perplasia was 913
of gastric m
ucosa with xiao
wei
Nutgrass
striata Caesalpinia
with
and 9216 r
espe
ctively The
yan po
wder [Chine
se] Chu
ng-K
uosappan Cyperus
intestinal
placebo
groups were 21
3 and
Chu
ng H
si i C
hieh
Ho Tsa C
hih
rotundus Glycyrrhiza
metap
lasia
1446
resp
ective
ly Animal
1992
12(10
)580
60
2ndash60
3oralensis Hedyotis
104 with
expe
rimen
ts rev
ealed no toxic side
diffusae Paeonia alba
atyp
ical
effect
Smilax glabrae
hype
rplasia
Taraxacum
mongolicum
Oral dose 5ndash
6 g tid
Cyperus rotundus
b-sitosterol IP
dos
e 160
Rats m
ice
b-sitosterol was fou
nd to possess
Gupta MB e
t al Anti-inflam
matory
and 320
mg
kgpoten
t an
ti-inflammatory activity
and antipyretic activities of
oral dose 32
0 mg
kg
simila
r to hyd
roco
rtison
e an
db-sitosterol JM
ed Plant R
es
Carrage
enan
-ind
uced
oxyp
hen-bu
tazo
ne b
-sitosterol was
1980
3915
7ndash16
3ed
ema cotton pe
llet
also orally
effective
aga
inst ind
uced
implan
t an
d Brewerrsquos
edem
a an
d po
ssessed antipyretic
yeast induced pyrex
ia in
activity sim
ilar to acetyl-salic
yclic
rats
acid
Datura metel
L
Datura seed extract
Albino rats
Treatmen
t caused an increase in activity
Hasan
SS K
ush
wah
a AKS C
hron
ic
SOLANACEAE
12 mg
kg IP
of brain lipid perox
idase an
d catalase
effect of Datura seed extract on the
Dha
ttura
Datur
a caused a decrease in the
activity
brain of albino rats Jap
an J
Tho
rnap
ple
of f-dipho
spha
te aldolase an
d g-6-
Pha
rmacol 198
744
1ndash6
pho
spha
te deh
ydroge
nase enz
yme that
are related w
ith gluc
ose metab
olism
Daucus carota
L
Petroleum ether extract
Mice
The
extract arrested the
normal estru
sMajum
der PK et al Anti-steroidal
UMBELLIFERAE
and fraction 5 (fatty
cycle an
d cau
sed a significant
activity of the petroleum ether
Garija
raacids) of carrot seeds
decrease in the
weigh
t of ova
ries
extract an
d fraction 5 (fatty acids)
Carrot
Cho
lesterol and
ascorbic acid con
tent
of carrot (Daucus carota
L) seed
s in ova
ries w
ere sign
ifican
tly increa
sed
in m
ouse ova
ry JE
thno
pharm
due to the
treatmen
t with ex
tract an
d19
9757(3)209
ndash212
fraction
5 (fatty acids) of carrot seeds
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
443
(continued)
Daucus carota
Carrot co
nsum
ption
Hos
pital-
Dietary intak
e an
d m
esothe
lioma
Muscat JE H
unc
harek M Dietary
based case-
inciden
ce w
as studied The
results
intake
and
the
risk of m
aligna
nt
controlle
dsu
pport the hy
pothe
sis that pro-
mesothe
lioma Br J Can
cer 19
96
trial 94
with
vitamin A
or
b-caroten
e-co
ntaining
73(9)1
122ndash
1125
maligna
ntfruits an
d veg
etab
les may
decrease
mesothe
lioma
mesothe
lioma
and 64
controls
Daucus carota
Carrot ex
tract
Mice
Pretreatmen
t with carrot extract on
Bish
ayee A
et al Hep
atop
rotective
carbon
tetrach
loride-induc
ed acu
teactivity of carrot (Daucus carota
L)
liver dam
aged
mice decreased
agains
t carbon
tetrach
loride
increa
sed serum enz
ymes lev
els
intoxication
in mou
se liver J
sign
ifican
tly
Ethno
pha
rm 199
547
(2)6
9ndash74
Daucus carota
Vitam
in-free drink
for 3
Human
trial
Vitam
in-rich food
supplem
ents
Abb
ey M
et al Dietary
weeks
the
n vitamin-rich
15 normo-
sign
ifican
tly increa
sed plasm
a leve
lssu
pplemen
tation
with oran
ge and
drink
of oran
ge ju
ice
lipidem
icof beta carotene
Malon
dialdeh
yde
carrot ju
ice in cigarette smok
ers
(145
mg vitamin C
) an
dciga
rette
one en
d product of ox
idation w
aslowers ox
idation products in
carrot ju
ice (16 mg
b-
smok
ers
sign
ifican
tly lower in co
pper-oxidized
coppe
r-ox
idized
low
-den
sity
carotene
)with no
LDL after vitam
in supp
lemen
tation
lip
oproteins JAm D
iet Assoc
vitamin
1995
95(6)671
ndash675
su
pplem
ents
Daucus carota
Carrot co
nsum
ption
Case-co
ntrol
Risk of vulva
r canc
er w
as inv
ersely
Parazz
ini F et al Se
lected
foo
d
trial
related to green ve
getables and
carrot
intake
and
risk of vulvar can
cer
cons
umption D
ata indicated
the
risk
Can
cer 19
95176(11
)229
1ndash22
96
of vulvar can
cer was related
to a
numbe
r of nutritiona
l an
d dietary
factors
Daucus carota
Water green pep
per
Con
trolled
After con
sumption of a diet low in
Helser MA e
t al Influen
ce of fruit an
dpine
apple tom
ato
clinical trial
nitrate an
d ascorbic acid (18
day
s)
vege
table juices on the en
dog
enou
sstrawbe
rry carrot an
d16
men
Carrot sign
ifican
tly inhibited N
-form
ation of N
-nitrosoprolin
ecelery ju
ices 4
6nitrosop
rolin
e form
ation relative
to
and N-nitroso
thiazo
lidine-4-
mg pe
r 10
0 mL in ascorbic
controls Results dem
onstrated that
carbox
ylic acid in hu
man
s on
acid by ad
dition of
carrot ju
ice ha
s ab
ility to inhibit
controlle
d diets Carcino
gene
sis
distille
d w
ater or
endog
enou
s nitrosation than
wou
ld be
1992
13(12
)227
7ndash22
80
ascorbate
expected based
solely on
ascorba
teco
nten
tDaucus carota
Carrots and
Raphanus
Human
trial
Con
sumption
of plant products
Sivu
k AK Effect of plant produc
ts of
sativustops
75 g
d for
(rad
ish an
d carrot tops
) for as lon
g as
nutrition (rad
ish an
d carrot tops
) as lon
g as 28 day
s28
day
s did not produce any
adve
rse
on various
ind
icators of
chan
ges in protein fat an
dmetab
olism in hu
man
s [R
ussian
] carboh
ydrate m
etab
olic param
eters
Kos
m Biol Aviak
osm M
ed 198
9ex
amined
23
(2)5
6ndash59
444
Daucus carota
Twelve
plants used for
Mice
Of the 12
plants Agaricus bisporus
and Ilex
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Glycemic
the trad
itiona
l treatm
ent
guayusash
owed
poten
tial antidiabe
tic
effects of traditiona
l Eur
opea
n of diabe
tes ad
ministered
effect
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
as decoction
s or
Studies in normal and
infusion
s for 28 day
sstreptozo
tocin diabe
tic mice
Agaricus bisporus
Diabe
tes Res 198
910
(2)6
9ndash73
Anacardium
occidentale Arctum
lappa Catharanthus
roseus D
aucus carota
Hum
ulus lupulus Ilex
guayusa Salvia
officinale Sambucus
nigra Taraxacum
officinale Trigonella
foenum
-graecum
Urtica
dioica
Dolichos biflorus L
Lectins
Arachis
Con
trolled
Dolichos biflorus Glycine max
Maz
umdar S e
t al Bind
ing pa
ttern
LEGUMIN
OSA
Ehypogaea Dolichos
human
trial
Lotus tetragonolobus Ricinus
of eight different lectins
in he
althy
Kulitha
biflorus Glycine max
11 w
ith
communis Ulex europaeussh
owed
subjects and
patients with
Horse gram
Lotus tetragonolobus
norm
al oral
very stron
g to stron
g bind
ing in
dys
plastic an
d m
aligna
nt lesions
of
Ricinus communis Ulex
muco
sa
healthy oral m
ucosa bu
t no
or ve
rythe oral cav
ity Int J O
ral
europaeus
conc
anav
alin
5 with
wea
k bind
ing in squ
amou
s cell
Max
illofacial Su
rg 199
322
(5)
A w
heat germ
leuk
oplakia
carcinom
a O
ther lectins
inv
estiga
ted
301ndash
305
with
may
be us
ed as probe
s to determine
dysplasia
the dys
plastic and
maligna
nt status of
12 w
ith oral
the oral m
ucosal ep
ithe
lium
muco
sal
squa
mou
scell
carcinom
aDolichos biflorus
Varying
extracts of
Female
All the plan
ts sho
wed
marke
d but
Prak
ash AO e
t al Anti-
Acrostichum
aureum
albino
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
implantation activity of some
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implantation activity
indigen
ous plants in rats A
cta
Citrulus colocynthus
Eur Fe
rtil 19
8516(6)441
ndash448
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
445
(continued)
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipiticus Ruta
graveolens
Eclipta alba(L)
Eclipta alba Ocimum
sanctum
Hyp
erglyc
emic
The
herba
l form
ulation ha
d little
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
Hassk
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rats
effect on bloo
d suga
r co
ncen
trations
Trasina
an
Ayu
rved
ic herba
l COMPO
SITAE
Tinospora cordifolia
but doses ind
uced
a dose-related
form
ulation
on pan
crea
tic islet
Bhr
inga
raj
Withania somnifera
decrease in strep
tozo
tocin (STZ)
supe
roxide dismutase activity in
Bhr
inga
raj
Doses 100 200
mg
kg
hype
rglycemia and
atten
uation
of
hype
rglycemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
PO 1
3 per day
for
SZT ind
uced
a decrease in islet
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
28 day
ssu
peroxide dismutase activity in
euglyc
emic rats
Eclipta alba
Ethan
olwater (1
1)Rats
Eclipta albasign
ifican
tly co
unteracted
Saxena
AK e
t al H
epatop
rotective
extract of Eclipta alba
induc
ed inh
ibition of the
hep
atic
effects of Eclipta albaon
sub
cellu
lar
microsomal dru
g metab
olizing en
zyme
leve
ls in rats J
Ethno
pha
rmam
idop
yrine N-dem
ethy
lase and
19
9340(3)155
ndash161
mem
bran
e bo
und G
-6-pho
spha
tase
Eclipta alba
1 caps
ule 3
3pe
r day
30 patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
composite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs o
n containing
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus
50 m
gur
eters or
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata10
0 mg
blad
ders
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
Eclipta alba100 mg
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
Myristica fragrans 10 mg
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
Tinospora cordifolia
100 mg
grea
ter than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
Tribulus terrestris
50 m
g
Withania somnifera
50 m
gEclipta alba
Eclipta albaair dried
and
Rats
Eclipta albawas fou
nd to co
unteract
Cha
ndra T et al Effect of Eclipta alba
powdered
Oral dose
an inc
rease of liver w
eigh
t he
patic
on inflammation an
d liv
er injury
of pow
der of 50
0 1000
lipid perox
idation liver g-glutamyl
Fitoterapia 198
7LVIII(1)23ndash
32
and 150
0 mg
kg per day
tran
spep
tidase serum alanine
tran
sferase activities an
d serum
alan
ine pho
spha
tase Impaired
seru
m A
G ratio in induced C
CL4
hepatic intox
ication was normalized
by treatmen
t Eclipta albash
owed
anti-inflammatory activity
446
Elephantopus
Water extracts derived
Rats with
After treatmen
t with crude ex
tract
Lin C
C e
t al The
eva
luation of
scaber
L
from
the
entire plan
ts of
induc
edresu
lts indicated
tha
t the seru
mhe
patop
rotective effects of Taiwan
COMPOSITAE
Elephantopus scaber
acute
glutamate-ox
alate-tran
saminase leve
lsfolk m
edicine lsquoTen
g-Kha
i-Ursquo
Gojihiva
Elephantopus mollis
hepa
tic
caus
ed b-D-galactosamine an
dJ Ethno
pha
rm 199
545
(2)1
13ndash1
23
Prick
ly lea
ves
and Pseudoelephantopus
dam
age
acetom
inop
hen to d
ecrease
spicatus
sign
ifican
tly
Elephantopus
Decoction
of dried
Male W
istar
The
acu
te inc
rease of serum
Lin C
C e
t al The
pha
rmacolog
ical
scaber
Elephantopus scaber
albino
rats
tran
saminase can be
significantly
and patho
logical studies on
su
bspe
cies
with CCL4
reduced w
hen trea
ting
with
Taiwan
folk med
icine (V
I)
oblanceolata
induc
edElephantopus scaber H
epatic fatty
The
effects of Elephantopus scaber
Elephantopus mollis
and
hepa
totoxicity
metam
orph
osis and
necrosis of cen
tral
subsp oblanceolata E mollis
and
Pseudoelephantopus
lobu
le w
ere im
prove
d by treatm
ent
Pseudo-elephantopus spicatus
Am J
spicatus
Chine
se M
ed 199
1XIX
(1)4
1ndash50
Elephantopus
Aqu
eous an
dMice rats
Both ex
tracts ind
uced
writhing loss
Poli A e
t al Prelim
inary pha
rmaco-
scaber
hydroalco
holic
extracts
of m
uscle ton
e ataxia prostration
and
logic ev
aluation of cru
de who
le
of w
hole plant of
dea
th B
oth reduc
ed brewerrsquos yeast-
plant extracts of Elephantopus scaber
Elephantopus scaber
induc
ed hyp
erthem
ia but w
hen give
nPa
rt I in vivo
studies J Ethno
pharm
Dose 03ndash6 gkg
IP
orally did not affect it Aqu
eous
1992
3771
ndash76
extract reduced intestina
l tran
sit time
while the
hyd
roalco
holic
extract
increa
sed it Given
IV b
lood
pressure
and heart rate were reduced
Elephantopus
Elephantopus scaber
Con
trolled
To ev
aluate the po
tential diuretic
Laran
ja SM e
t al E
valuation of acu
te
scaber
75 g pe
r 10
0 mL and
A
human
effect of tw
o na
tural su
bstanc
es 1
0ad
ministration of natur
al produc
ts
speciosa
08 g per 100
mL
trial
volunteers and
the
effects w
ere
with po
tential diuretic effects in
10 hea
lthy
compared
to thos
e of a placebo
No
human
s M
emorias do Instituto
volunteers
effect on electrolytes or rena
l func
tion
Osw
aldo
Cruz 19
9186(Su
ppl 2)
and con
trols
param
eter w
as observe
d for
237ndash
240
Elephantopus scaber
Elettaria
Oil ex
tracted from
Male albino
Com
parative
study of seed ex
tract an
dal-Z
uhair H et al Pha
rmacolog
ical
cardamomum
(L)
Elettaria cardamomum
rats m
ice
indom
etha
cin ag
ains
t acute ind
uced
studies of cardam
om oil in animals
Maton
seed
s D
oses of 17
5 an
dplanter edem
a prove
d to be
marke
d
Pha
rmacol R
es 199
634
(1ndash2
)79ndash
82
ZIN
GIBERACEAE
280 mLkg
and
Extract produced 50
protection
Elach
hoti
indo
metha
cin 30
mg
kgag
ains
t the writhing induced by IP
Cardam
omad
ministration of a 002
solution
of
p-ben
zoqu
inon
e
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
447
(continued)
Elettaria
Cardam
om seeds
Mice
Each
extract w
as exa
mined
for
Oku
yama T e
t al Stud
ies on
can
cer
cardamomum
extracted with n-he
xane
an
titumor-promoting activity
bioc
hemop
reve
ntion of natur
al
ethy
l acetate an
dCardam
om seed w
as a highly po
tent
resources X 1
inhibitory effect
metha
nol
inhibitor of ind
uced m
ouse ear
of spices on TPA-enh
anced
edem
a3H
-cho
line inco
rporation in
pho
spho
lipids of C
3H10
T1
2cells
and
on TPA-ind
uced mou
seea
r ed
ema C
hine
se Pha
rmaceu
t J
1995
47(5)421
ndash430
Elettaria
Dried
pow
der m
ixture
Con
trolled human
All three cytoge
nic en
dpo
ints
Dav
e BJ C
ytog
enic studies rev
eal
cardamomum
containing
Areca
trial pa
n-dem
onstrated a statistically significant
increa
sed gen
omic dam
age am
ong
catechunu
t catech
uco
nsum
ing
increa
se amon
g the lsquopan
masalarsquo
lsquopan
masalarsquo con
sumers
lime Elettaria
and hea
lthy
cons
umers as com
pared
with the no
n-Mutage
nesis 19
916(2)1
59ndash1
63
cardamomum
and
nonc
onsu
ming
cons
uming co
ntrols
flav
oring ag
ents used in
controls
prep
aration of lsquopa
nrsquoEmbelia ribes
Embelia ribes Glycyrrhiza
Sing
le-blin
dEa
ch thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
Bru
m f
glabra Holarrhena
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plic
ations
of he
rbal formulation
s MYRSINACEAE
antidysenterica
compa
rative
mixtures Successful treatm
ents in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Vidan
gaNardostachys jatamansi
stud
y 49
grou
ps A
and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative
study
Vidan
gaPhyllanthus emblica
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
J Med
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Santalum
album
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Terminalia bellirica
adults with
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s T
heTerminalia chebula
mild
to
mecha
nism
s of action remain
Zingiber officinale
mod
erate
unk
nown
facial acn
eEmbelia ribes
Embe
lin (isolated
from
Male albino
rats
Whe
n em
belin
was administered to
Chitra M et al Protective action
of
dried
berries of Embelia
rats s
ignificant tum
or reg
ression an
dem
belin
aga
inst lipid perox
idation
ribes) 50 mg an
dprolong
ed sur
viva
l time was rev
ealed
on tum
our be
aring rats F
itoterap
ia
100 mg
kg per day
1994
65(4)317
ndash321
orally for 20 day
sEmbelia ribes
Cru
de pow
der m
ixture
75 patients
The
cure rate in group A
was 80
Sa
rma BP O
jha D T
he m
anag
emen
t of equ
al parts of
with va
riou
sgrou
p B treated
with meb
endaz
ole
of G
andupa
da krim
i (Ascaris
Ailanthus excelsa Butea
worm
was 92
an
d group C w
as 76
lumbricoides) w
ith indigen
ous dr
ugs
monosperma Embelia
infestations
Cur
e rate sho
wed
neg
ative Ascaris
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
70ndash1
72
ribes Erythrina indica
lumbricoidesov
a in the
stool rep
ort
Mallotus philippensis
for 3 co
nsecutive
day
sOrxylum
indicum
Embelia ribes
Oral ad
ministration of
Adult m
ale rats
Embe
lin administration caused a
Gupta S et al Effects of em
belin
a
embe
lin 75 mg
kg daily
sign
ifican
t increase in the uptak
e of
male an
tifertility age
nt o
n for 15
and
30 day
sD-gluco
se L
-alanine
L-leu
cine
and
absorp
tive
and
digestive
fun
ctions
calcium in sm
all intestine segm
ents
of rat intestine
JEthno
pha
rmThe
autho
rs sugg
ested tha
t em
belin
1991
3320
3ndash21
2works at the metab
olic lev
el on the
grow
th of intestines and
possibly the
numbe
r an
d divisions
of ep
ithe
lial
cells
448
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin administered
Male albino
rats
After administration significant
Gupta S et al R
eversible ch
ange
s in
subc
utan
eous
ly 20 mg
kg
impairm
ent in lipid m
etab
olism in
lipid m
etab
olism in testis and
or by ga
stric ga
vage
of
testis liv
er b
rain kidne
ys and
othe
r tissue
s induc
ed by em
belin
75
mg
kg for 15 or
chan
ges in liver func
tion
test
Fitope
rapia 19
90LXI(4)297ndash3
05
30 day
sparam
eters was noted
The
se results
may
exp
lain the
antifertility
anti-
spermatog
enic effects in an
imals
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin administered
Male albino
rats
Embe
lin rev
eals significant impairm
ent
Gupta S et al Inh
ibition of
subc
utan
eous
ly 20 mg
kg
in carbo
hydrate m
etab
olism in the
reproduc
tive
tissu
e carboh
ydrate
body weigh
t for 15 and
primary an
d secon
dary repr
oductive
metab
olism and
rev
ersibility of
30 day
stissues
the effects of embe
lin a
plant
benz
oquinon
e of antifertility
poten
tial F
itoterap
ia 199
0LXI(2)
133ndash
143
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin 20 mg
kg bod
yMale rats
Embe
lin cau
sed an increa
se in the up
take
Gupta S et al C
hang
es in gluc
ose
weigh
t pe
r day
daily for
of D-gluco
se L
-alanine
L-leu
cine
and
am
ino acidc
alcium uptak
e an
d
15 and
30 day
scalcium in the sm
all intestine
brus
h-bo
rder m
embran
e-associated
segm
ents T
reatmen
t also cau
sed a
enzy
mes in rat sm
all intestine after
sign
ifican
t increase in the microso
mal
the ad
ministration of embe
lin
g-6-ph
ospha
tase and
the
cytosolic
(plant ben
zoqu
inon
e) a
nd
enzy
me lactate deh
ydroge
nase
antifertility age
nt J
Nutr Sci
Vitam
inol 199
036
153
ndash164
Embelia ribes
Embelia ribes
dry be
rry
Rats m
ice
Lack of any
adve
rse effects high
Atal CK e
t al Non
-narco
tic orally
powder and
extracted
therap
eutic index
and
absen
ce of the
effective cen
trally acting an
alge
sic
with n-he
xane
ab
stinen
ce syn
drome confers a long
-from
an Ayu
rved
ic dru
g J
Potassium embe
late 200
term
safety on
potassium
embe
late for
Ethno
pha
rm 198
411
309
ndash317
mg pe
r 10
mLkg
and
400
use as an
ana
lgesic com
pared
to
mg pe
r 10
mLkg
morph
ine
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin administered at
Rats
Imped
ed ability to impregn
ant was
Prak
ash AO A
ntifertility
50 and
100
mg
kgdem
onstrated Embe
lin provo
ked anti-
inve
stigations
on em
belin
an oral
implantation activity w
hen
contraceptive of plant origin Part
administered and
also reduc
edI-Biological prope
rties Planta
sign
ifican
tly the nu
mbe
r of
Med
JMed
Plant R
esim
plantations
(p
001
)19
814125
9ndash26
6
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
449
(continued)
Emblica officinalis
Emblica officinalis
fresh
Atherog
enic
Seru
m cho
lesterol triglyc
erides
Mathu
r R et al Hyp
olipidaemic
Gaertn
juice 5 mLk
g bo
dy
rabb
its
pho
spho
lipid and
LDL lev
els were
effect of fruit ju
ice of Emblica
EUPHORBIA
CEAE
weigh
t for 60
day
sreduc
ed by 82
6
6 77
a
nd 90
officinalis
in cho
lesterol-fed
rab
bits
Amla
resp
ective
ly T
he tissu
e lip
id lev
els
J Ethno
pharm 199650
61ndash
68
Emblic m
yrob
ala
show
ed a significant decrease
follo
wing Emblica officinalis
juice
administration A
ortic plaqu
es w
ere
regressed
Emblica officinalis
A m
ixture of Andrographis
Human
trial
Herba
l mixture w
as administered to
Ram
ji et al E
ffect of K
almeg
ha and
paniculata
and Emblica
35 patients
patients with Hep
atitis B
1 B
2 a
ndAmlaki com
pou
nd on viral he
ptitis
officinalis
hepatitis
post he
patitis syn
drome The
mixture
(Koshtha
-Sha
khashrita Kam
ala)
B1
dem
onstrated efficacy in red
ucing
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
64ndash1
69
hepatitis B
2
clinical sym
ptoms improving
liver
and post-
func
tion
and
albumin
hepatitis
synd
rome
Emblica officinalis
Dried
fru
it of Emblica
Human
Objective
impr
ovem
ent in m
ean
Sharma PK
et al Clin
ical eva
luation
officinalis
trial 18
values of the free and
total acid
of amalak
i ch
urna
in the treatm
ent
patien
tsco
ncen
tration were grad
ually red
uced
of amlapitta A
ryav
aidya
nwith ga
stro-
both in fasting an
d stimulated states
1990
4(2)1
20ndash1
22
intestinal
(p5
001
)tract disea
seEmblica officinalis
Haritak
i Terminalia
Rab
bits
Whe
n ch
olesterol was fed
to all
Tha
kur CP e
t al The
Ayu
rved
ic
chebula Emblica
grou
ps ch
olesterol leve
ls w
ere
med
icines H
aritak
i Amla and
officinalis Terminalia
sign
ifican
tly reduc
ed in the 3
Bah
ira reduc
e ch
olesterol-induced
bellirica
trea
tmen
t grou
ps tha
n in the
con
trol
athe
rosclerosis in rab
bits Int J
grou
p The
sam
e was tru
e for
Cardiology
198
821
(2)1
67ndash1
75
reduc
tion
in ch
olesterolemia
Emblica officinalis
Emblica officinalis
raw
Con
trolled human
Treatmen
t with Emblica officinales
Jaco
b A e
t al Effect of the
fruit for 28 day
strial 15
normal
reduc
ed cho
lesterol in bo
th normal
Indian go
oseb
erry (am
la) on
and 20 hy
per-
and hyp
erch
olesterolaem
ic subjects
seru
m cho
lesterol lev
els in m
ench
olesterolemic
After 2 w
eeks
withd
rawal from
aged
35ndash
55 yea
rs E
ur JC
lin N
utr
subjects
fruit total ch
olesterol leve
l of the
1988
41(11
)939
ndash944
hy
percho
lesterolem
ic sub
jects
increa
sed significantly alm
ost to
initial leve
ls
Eugenia jambolana
Extract of jaman
pulp
Rats
Emblica jambolana
pulp sho
wed
Ach
reka
r S et al H
ypog
lycemic acti-
Lam
from
the
fru
it of
hypo
glyc
emic effect Ficus
vity of Eugenia jambolana
and Ficus
MYRTACEAE
Emblica jambolana
and
benghalensis
bark extract cau
sed
benghalensismecha
nism
ofaction
ex
tracts of ba
rk of Ficus
reduc
tion
in bloo
d sug
ar lev
el O
ral
In V
ivo 19
915(2)1
43ndash1
47
Blackbe
rry
benghalensis
administration of the
extracts resu
lted
in enh
ancemen
t in serum ins
ulin
leve
ls in no
rmog
lycemic and
diabe
tic
rats
450
Eugenia jambolana
Two capsu
les of 450
20 case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a com-
mg each
Coccinia
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
nposite he
rbal dru
g in the
treatmen
tindica Cum
inum
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
sof Diabetes mellitus
(Mad
humeh
a)
cyminum
Eugenia
Aryav
aidya
n 19
915(1)3
6ndash46
jambolana Gymnema
sylvestre Momordica
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Eugenia jambolana
Olean
olic acid (C3-
Male albino
rats
The
extract decreased
fertiliz
ing
Rajasek
aran
M et al Antifertility
0H48
O3) isolated from
capacity witho
ut an
y sign
ifican
teffect in male rats of olea
nolic
acid
flow
ers of Emblica
chan
ges in bod
y weigh
t or
a triterpe
ne from Eugenia jambolana
jambolana administered
repr
oduc
tive
organ
weigh
ts T
heflow
ers J Ethno
pha
rm 198
824
(1)
for 60
day
sex
tract arrested
spermatog
enesis but
115ndash
121
did not cau
se any
abn
ormality to
spermatog
enic cells Ley
dig
interstitial a
nd Sertoli cells
Ferula foetida
Rats fed for 8 weeks the
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Srinivasan
K
Bung
e)Reg
elfollo
wing plan
ts
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irInflue
nce of dietary spices
UMBELLIFE
RAE
Brassicasp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
or the
ir active princ
iples on
Hingu
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
ucosa D
ietary
digestive
enz
ymes of sm
all
Asafoetida
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcum
in capsaicin p
iperine an
dintestinal m
ucosa in rats Int J
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprominen
tly
Food
Sci N
utr 199
547
(1)5
5ndash59
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
Trigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetida
brou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
pho
spha
tases an
d sucrase The
positive influen
ces of a goo
d numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
451
(continued)
Ferula foetida
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
dCum
inum
cyminum
seeds Ocimum
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan
Cum
inum
cyminum
rats
sanctum
leav
es an
d Papaver
VM Anticarcino
genic
Curcuma longa Ferula
somnifera
seed
s sign
ifican
tly
effects of som
e Indian
plant
asafoetida Ocimum
inhibited neo
plasia alon
e The
sepr
oducts Foo
d C
hem Tox
icsanctum Moringa
plan
ts m
ay prove
to be
valuab
le19
9230(11
)953
ndash956
oleifera Papaver
anticarcinog
ens
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Ferula foetida
Cuminum
cym
inum
Swiss mice
All these plants leave
s and
herbs
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
seed
s Papaver
increased glutathione
-S-trans
ferase
Plan
t produc
ts as protective
somnifera seedsFerula
activity by more than
78
in the
agen
ts aga
inst can
cer Ind
ian JE
xp
foetida Curcuma longa
stom
ach liver and
esoph
agus
high
Biol 19
9028(11
)100
8ndash11
11
kand
athipili
enou
gh to be
con
sidered
protective
Azadirachta indica
agen
ts aga
inst carcino
gene
sis
flow
ers m
anatha
kkali
leav
es d
rumstick leav
es
Ocimum
sanctum
leav
esan
d pon
naka
nni leav
esFerula foetida
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-Influe
nce of spices an
dcyminum
Ferula
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
spice pr
inciples on
hep
atic m
ixed
foetida Tamarindus
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
func
tion
oxy
gena
se system in
indica Trigonella
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
rats Indian JB
ioch
em Bioph
ysfoenum
-graecum
graecum
also
stimulated the
lev
els of
1989
26(4)254
ndash258
Zingiber officinale
cytoch
rome P4
50 and
b5 Cum
inum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated
N-dem
ethy
lase activity
Ferula foetida
Piper nigrum
powder in
Human
Results sh
owed
Piper nigrum pow
der
Desai H
G K
alro R
H E
ffect of black
dos
es of 02 04 gh
trial 20
doe
s no
t dam
age the hu
man
gastric
peppe
r an
d asafoetida on
the
DNA
and Ferula foetidain
healthy
muc
osa w
hereas Ferula foetidadoe
sco
nten
t of gastric asp
irates Ind
Jdos
es of 01 02 a
nd 04
human
based on the rate of ex
folia
tion
of the
Med
Res 198
582
(1)3
25ndash3
29
gh on
different day
svo
lunteers
surface ep
ithe
lial cells
of hu
man
gastric muco
sa
Ficus benghalensis L
Dim
etho
xy ether of
Rats
Administration of the
extract sho
wed
Che
rian
S A
ugu
sti KT
MORACEA
Eleucope
largon
din-3-0-
abou
t a 12
hyp
oglycemic action in
Insu
lin sparing action
of
Vata
alph
a-L rham
noside
norm
al rats The
results indicate an
leuc
opelargo
nidin derivative
Ban
yan tree
from
bark of the
Ficus
insu
lin-spa
ring
action of the
isolated
from Ficus benghalensis
benghalensis
(100
leuc
opelargo
nin if used in
Linn Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
mg
kg orally
)co
mbina
tion
with insu
lin
1995
33(8)608
ndash611
Ficus benghalensis
Dim
etho
xy ether of
Diabe
tic
The
com
pou
nd sho
wed
significant
Augu
sti KT e
t al Effect
leucope
largon
din-3-0-
dog
shy
pog
lycemic and
serum
ins
ulin
of leu
copelargo
nin derivatives
alph
a-L rham
noside
increased action in normal and
from
Ficus benghalensisLinn on
isolated
from the
bark of
mod
erately diabe
tic dog
s (ind
uced by
diabe
tic dog
s Ind
ian JM
ed R
esFicus benghalensis
alloxa
n) during
a period of 2 ho
urs
1994
9982
ndash86
(100 m
gkg
oral
administration)
452
Ficus benghalensis
Extract of jaman
pulp
Rats
Emblica jambolana
pulp sho
wed
Ach
reka
r S et al H
ypog
lycemic
from
the
fru
it of
hypo
glyc
emic effect Ficus
activity of Eugenia jambolana
and
Emblica jambolana
and
benghalensis
bark extract cau
sed
FicusbenghalensisM
echa
nism
of
extracts of ba
rk of Ficus
reduction in blood
suga
r leve
l Oral
action
In V
ivo 19
915(2)1
43ndash147
benghalensis
administration of the
extracts resu
lted
in enh
ancemen
t in serum
ins
ulin
leve
ls in no
rmog
lycemic and
diabe
tic
rats
Ficus benghalensis
Isop
roteinou
s diets
Wea
nling
The
effect of inc
orporation of w
hole
Aga
wam
V C
hatham
BM E
ffect
containing
1
rats
plants pa
rts in feed intak
e w
eigh
tof feeding so
me plan
t food
s ch
olesterol an
d 10
gain feed efficienc
y ratio (FER) dry
as sou
rce of dietary fibre on
fibe
r derived
from
matter digestibility (D
MD) an
d tru
ebiolog
ical utilisation of diet in
Cappers deciduas Ficus
protein digestibility (TPD
) was
rats P
lant Foo
ds Hum
Nutr
religious Ficus
studied Inc
lusion
did not effect
1989
39(2)161
ndash167
glomeration Ficus
weigh
t ga
in significantly but all othe
rbenghalensisan
dparam
eters were influen
ced to a
Prsopsis cinceria
varying ex
tent Fo
ods rich
in lig
nin
were fed for 40 day
sha
d relatively lower FER D
MD a
ndTPD w
hereas cellulose and
pectin-rich
food
s ha
d an increased D
MD
and TPD
Ficus benghalensis
Dietary fiber con
tent of
Rats
Dietary fiber from the
se plants food
sAga
rwal V
Cha
uha
n BM A
study
Capparis decidua
fed at 10
dietary lev
el ind
uced an
of com
position
and
hyp
olipidem
ic
Ficus benghalensis
increa
sed resistanc
e to hyp
erlip
idem
iaeffect of dietary fibre from som
e Ficus glomerata Ficus
than
cellulose The
dietary fiber
plant foo
ds Plant Foo
ds H
um N
utr
religiosaa
nd Prsopsis
influen
ced total lipids cho
lesterol
1988
38(2)189
ndash197
cinceria
varied
from
triglycerides a
nd pho
spho
lipids of the
385 to 557
liver to va
rying ex
tents
Ficus religiosa L
Isop
roteinou
s diets
Wea
nling
The
effect of inc
orporation of w
hole
Aga
rwal V
Cha
uha
n BM E
ffect of
MORACEAE
containing
1
rats
plants pa
rts in feed intak
e w
eigh
tfeed
ing so
me plan
t food
s as sou
rce
Asw
atha
cholesterol an
d 10
gain F
ER D
MD a
nd TPD w
asof dietary fibre on biolog
ical utilisa-
Sacred
fig
fibe
r derived
from
studied Inc
lusion
did not effect
tion
of diet in rats Plant Foo
ds
Capparis decidua Ficus
weigh
t ga
in significantly but all othe
rHum N
utr 198
939
(2)1
61ndash1
67
religiosa Ficus
param
eters were influen
ced to a
glomerata Ficus
varying ex
tent Fo
ods rich
in lig
nin
benghalensisan
dha
d relatively lower FER D
MD a
ndPrsopsis cinceria
were
TPD w
hereas cellulose and
pectin-
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
453
(continued)
fed for 40 day
srich
foo
ds ha
d an increased D
MD and
TPD
Ficus religiosa
Dietary fiber con
tent of
Rats
Dietary fiber from the
se plants food
sAga
rwal V
Cha
uha
n BM
A study of
Capparis decidua
fed at 10
dietary lev
el ind
uced an
compo
sition
and
hyp
olipidem
ic
Ficus benghalensis
increased resistanc
e to hyp
erlip
idem
iaeffect of dietary fibre
from
som
e Ficus glomerata Ficus
than
cellulose T
he dietary fiber
plan
t food
s Plant Foo
ds H
um N
utr
religiosaan
d Prsopsis
influe
nced
total lipids cho
lesterol
1988
38(2)189
ndash197
cinceria
varied
from
triglycerides an
d pho
spho
lipids of the
385 to 55
7
liver to va
rying ex
tents
Foeniculum
Ethan
olic extracts of
Mice
The
extracts caused no sign
ifican
tSh
ah A
H e
t al Tox
icity studies
vulgareMill
Foeniculum
vulgare fru
it
acute or ch
ronic mortality as
in m
ice of ethan
ol extracts of
UMBELLIFERAE
Short-term
doses 05 1
0
compa
red to co
ntrols
Foeniculum
vulgare fru
it and
Sa
tupus
pa
and 3 gkg
lon
g-term
Ruta chalepensisae
rial parts J
Fenn
eldose was 100
mg
kg
Ethn
opha
rm 199
134
(2)1
67ndash1
72
per day
Foeniculum
vulgare
Aqu
eous ex
tracts of
Pentob
arbital-
Intrav
enou
s ad
ministration of the
Abd
ul-G
hani A
S A
min R
The
Foeniculum
vulgare
anae
sthe
tized
extract prod
uced a sign
ifican
t dose-
vascular action
of aq
ueo
us ex
tracts
leav
es tha
t were
rats
related red
uction
in arterial blood
of Foeniculum vulgare
leav
es
lyop
hiliz
ed and
boiled
pressu
re witho
ut affecting the he
art
JEthno
pharm 198
824
213
ndash218
rate or resp
iratory rate T
he non
-boiled
aqueo
us ex
tract sh
owed
very little
hypoten
sive
activity
Foeniculum
vulgare
Oral ad
ministration of
Male an
dIn m
ale rats total protein con
centration
Malini T e
t al Effect of Foeniculum
aceton
e ex
tract of
female rats
was fou
nd to be
significantly
vulgareMill seed
extract on the
Foeniculum
vulgare
decreased
in testes and
vas deferen
s
genital orga
ns of male an
d fem
ale
seed
s for 15 day
san
d inc
reased
in seminal vesicles
rats Indian J Phy
siol Pha
rmacol
and prostate glan
d In fem
ale rats
1985
29(1)21ndash
26
the ex
tract led to va
gina
l co
rnification
and estru
s cy
cle
Foeniculum
vulgare
Herb co
mbina
tion
of
Human
trial
As a resu
lt of the trea
tmen
t sp
ontane
ous
Cha
kurski I e
t al Treatmen
t of
Calendula officinalis
24 patients
and palpab
le pains
along
the
large
ch
ronic co
litis w
ith an
herba
l Foeniculum
vulgare
with ch
ronic
intestine disap
pea
red in 95
83
of the
combina
tion
of Taraxacum
officinale
Hypericum
perforatum
nons
pecific
patien
ts by the 15
th day
of their
Hipericum
perforatum M
elissa
Melissa officinalis
colitis
admission
to the clinic and
treatmen
t officinalis Calendula officinalis
and
Taraxacum
officinale
with he
rbal com
bina
tion
Foeniculum
vulgare
[Bulga
rian
]Vutr Boles 198
120
(6)5
1ndash54
Glycyrrhiza glabra L
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach three trea
tmen
t grou
ps were
Paran
jpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
LEGUMIN
OSA
EGlycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plications
of he
rbal formulation
s Yashtim
adhu
Holarrhena
comparative
mixtures Suc
cessful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgarisA
sing
le-blin
d
Licorice
antidysenterica
study 49
grou
ps A and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative stud
y J
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
Med
icinal A
romatic Plant Sci 199
7Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d19
414
ndash418
Santalum
album
ad
ults with
othe
r comed
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
mecha
nism
s of action remain
Terminalia chebula
mod
erate
unkn
own
Zingiber officinale
facial acn
e
454
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Chine
se m
edicine
Rats
Rats were injected
with this formula
Wan
g W
K et al Collective effect
form
ula of Paeoniae
to obs
erve
blood
pressur
e ch
ange
sof a C
hine
se formulamdash
A study
lactiforaeroot
The
formula ha
d an effect on the
of xiao-jia
n-zh
ong-tang
Am JChin
Astralagus
Fourier com
pone
nts of the
blood
Med
199
523
(3ndash4
)299ndash3
04
Cinnamomum
pressure w
ave simila
r to the
linea
rzeylanicum
Glycyrrhiza
combina
tion
of the three he
rb group
sglabra Fructus jujubae
whe
n used separately
Saccharum granorum
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhizine
150
Human
trial
Glycy
rrhizine
in low doses on hy
per-
Muraka
mi T U
chikaw
a T E
ffect of
mg
d8 no
n-insu
lin-
kalemia N
IDDM patients sh
owed
the
glyc
yrrh
izine on
hyp
erka
lemia due
dep
enden
tmea
n seru
m potassium con
centration
to
to hyp
oren
inem
ic hyp
oaldos-
Diabetes
decrease sign
ifican
tly to 44 m
Eq
L
teronism
in Diabetes mellitusLife
mellitus
with 15
0 mg
d
Sci 19
9153(5)63ndash
68
(NID
DM)
patien
tsGlycyrrhiza glabra
Plants includ
e leave
s of
Mice
Treatmen
t with Agrimonia eupatoria
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK e
t al Traditiona
l Agrimonia eupatoria
Medicago sativa Coriandrum
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
Alchemilla vulgaris
sativum Eucalyptus globulus
and
Studies in normal and
strep
to-
bulbs of Allium
sativum
Juniperus communis
reduced the
lev
elzo
tocin diabe
tic mice D
iabe
tologia
Chelidonium majus
of hyp
erglyc
emia during
dev
elop
men
t19
9033(8)462
ndash464
Convallaria majalis
of strep
tozo
tocin diabe
tes in m
ice
seed
s ofCoriandrum
This was assoc
iated w
ith reduced
sativum Eucalyptus
polyd
ipsia (excep
t Coriandrum
globulusr
oots of
sativum) an
d a red
uced
rate of w
eigh
tGlycyrrhiza glabra
loss (ex
cept Agrimonia eupatoria)
dried
berries of
Juniperus communis
Medicago sativa Rubus
fraticosus
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhizin
Ran
dom
ized
Results sho
wed
impr
ovem
ent of liver
Su X
et al Clin
ical and
lab
oratory
controlle
dfunc
tion
Fo
r bo
th acu
te and
chron
icob
servation on
the
effect of
trial 88
cases in the
sho
rt-term glyc
yrrh
izin
glyc
yrrh
izin in acute and
chr
onic
patien
tssh
owed
statistically significant
viral he
patitis JTrad C
hin Med
with ch
ronic
improve
men
t19
844(2)1
27ndash1
32
hepa
titis
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
455
(continued)
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Deg
lycyrrhizinize
dCon
trolled
After 4 w
eeks
no
differenc
e was
Bard
shan
KD e
t al C
linical trial of
licorice or placebo
clinical
found
in ga
stric ulcers be
tween the
deg
lycy
rrhizinised liq
uorice in
trial 96
placebo
and
treatmen
t grou
pga
stric ulcer Gut 19
781977
9ndash78
2pa
tien
tswith ga
stric
ulcers
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Com
parison
of
Ran
dom
ized
Both are effective
in the treatm
ent of
DrsquoImpe
rio N e
t al Dou
ble-blind
Cim
etidine an
ddou
ble-
duod
enal ulcers
trial in duod
enal and
gastric
deg
lycy
rrhizinize
dblind trial
ulcersCim
etidine an
d de
gly-
licorice
30 patients
cyrrhizinize
d liq
uorice A
cta Gastro-
with
Enterolog
ica Belgica X
LI 19
78
duo
den
al42
7ndash43
4ulcers
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Deg
lycyrrhizinize
dRetrosp
ective
Healin
g of the
ulcerations
was
observed
La
rkworthy W
Holga
te PFL
lic
orice
survey
in all pa
tien
ts A
fter 16 weeks
78
Deg
lycy
rrhizinized liquorice in
32 patients
had end
osco
pic ev
iden
ce tha
t the
the trea
tmen
t of chr
onic d
uoden
al
with ch
ronic
ulceration ha
d healed
ulcer P
ractitione
r 19
75215
787
ndash792
duo
den
alulcer history
Gossypium
Gossy
pol compou
ndDou
ble-blind
A m
ale an
tifertility drug was tested
Liu G
et al Trial of Gossy
pol as a
herbaceum
L
isolated
from seed stem
clinical trial
and a 92
efficacy rate w
as ach
ieve
dmale co
ntraceptive
In Gossy
pol A
MALVACEA
Eor roo
t of Gossypium
64 gos
sypol
The
inc
iden
ce of fatigu
e decreased
Potential C
ontracep
tive
for M
en
Karpa
sherbaceum
and 74
libido and
gastrointestina
l distur-
Sega
l S Ed New
York
Plenu
mIndian cotton
placeb
oba
nce of the
two grou
ps show
edPress 19
859ndash1
6no
statistical differenc
eGossypium
Gossy
pol acetic acid
Female rats
Gos
sypol acetic acid at a high
er dose
Lei HP et al S
tudies of G
ossypol
herbaceum
(80 mg
kg) co
uld interru
pt early
on the
fem
ale In A
dv C
hine
se M
ed
pregn
ancy
in female rats P
rolong
edMaterials R
es C
hang
HM
et al
administration (30 mg
kg) led to
Eds W
orld Scien
tific Philadelphia
atrophy
of the rat en
dom
etrium
19
85639
ndash645
Gossypium
Gossy
pol 20 m
gd for
Human
Gos
sypol had
a profoun
d effect on
Frick J Dan
ner C
198
5 Effect of
herbaceum
3 mon
ths
trial 5 men
spermatog
enesis tha
t was fully
Gossy
pol on
human
testicu
lar
reve
rsible after termination of
func
tion
Eva
luation of sem
inal and
trea
tmen
t Infertility lasted 4ndash6
horm
onal param
eters In G
ossy
pol
mon
ths
A Poten
tial C
ontracep
tive
for M
en
Sega
l S Ed Plen
um Press NY
1985
17ndash
23
Gossypium
20 m
gd gos
sypol
Human
trial
Gos
sypol inh
ibited
spermatog
enesis
Cou
tinh
o EM
et al Bipha
sic action
of
herbaceum
mon
acetic acid for 4
12 m
enin m
en at a dose leve
l that in the
Gossy
pol in m
en In Gos
sypol A
mon
ths the
nsh
ort-term
treatmen
t ap
pea
rs to be
Poten
tial C
ontracep
tive
for M
en
60 m
g weekly for 4ndash
6free of side effects
Sega
l S Ed New
York Plenu
mmon
ths
Press 19
8525ndash
31
456
Gymnema sylvestre
Gymnema sylvestre ex
tract
Rats
Gymnema sylvestreex
tract did not
Tom
inag
a M e
t al Effects of seishin-
(Retz)S
chult
120 mg
kg per day
improve
ins
ulin
resistanc
e in
rens
hiin and
Gymnema sylvestreon
ASC
LEPIADACEAE
streptozo
tocin-induc
ed diabe
tic rats
insu
lin resistanc
e in strep
tozo
tocin-
Mesha
sringi
induc
ed diabe
tic rats D
iabe
tes Res
Gurm
arClin
Pract 199
529
(1)1
1ndash17
Gymnema sylvestre
Two caps
ules of 450
20 case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of
mg ea
ch Coccinia
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
nco
mposite he
rbal d
rugs
in the
indica Cum
inum
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
strea
tmen
t of D
iabe
tes mellitus
cyminum
Eugenia
(Mad
humeh
a) Aryav
aidya
n jambolana Gymnema
1991
5(1)3
6ndash46
sylvestre Momordica
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Gymnema sylvestre
Pep
tide
iso
lated from
Rats
Inhibitory effect on
the
sweet resp
onses
Imoto T e
t al A nov
el pep
tide
Gymnema sylvestre
appea
red after treating tong
ue surface
isolated
from the
lea
ves of
leav
es Dosag
e pep
tide
with Gymnema sylvestrepep
tide
Gymnema sylvestremdash
I Cha
racter-
at a con
centration
more
ization an
d its sup
pressive
effect
than
1 3
10(2
6)M
on the
neu
ral resp
onses to sweet
taste stim
uli in the
rat C
omp
Bioch
em Phy
siol A
199
110
0(2)
309ndash
314
Gymnema sylvestre
GS4
an ex
tract from
Hum
an trial
Dur
ing GS4
sup
plemen
tation
aBaska
ran K e
t al A
ntidiabe
tic
leav
es of Gymnema
22 typ
e II
sign
ifican
t de
crea
se in bloo
d gluco
se
effect of a leaf extract from
sylvestre 400
mg
dpa
tien
ts w
ith
glyc
osylated
hem
oglobin an
d plasm
aGymnema sylvestre in non
-ins
ulin
-18ndash2
0 mon
ths as
diabe
tes
proteins was noted
Con
ventiona
ldep
enden
t diabe
tes mellitus
su
pplem
ent to
dru
g dos
e co
uld be decreased
23
patients J E
thno
pharm 199
030
(3)
conv
ention
al dru
g(522
) disco
ntinue
d com
pletely
295ndash
300
therap
y of glib
enclam
ide
conv
ention
al dru
g therap
yor tolbu
tamide
Gymnema sylvestre
GS4
an ex
tract from
Con
trolled hu
man
Insu
lin req
uirem
ents decreased
with
Shan
mug
asund
aram
ER e
t al Use
leav
es of Gymnema
trial 27
patients
fasting bloo
d gluco
se as did
of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract
sylvestre 400
mg
dwith insu
lin-
glyc
osylated
hem
oglobin an
d plasm
ain the
con
trol of bloo
d gluco
se in
dep
enden
tproteins and
serum
lipid lev
els
insu
lin-dep
enden
t diab
etes m
ellitus
Diabetes
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
030
(3)2
81ndash2
94
mellitusmdash
trea
ted group
and non
treated
grou
p
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
457
(continued)
Gymnema sylvestre
GS3
and
GS4
extracts
Streptozo
tocin
Herba
l therap
y ap
pears to bring
abo
utSh
anmuga
sund
aram
ER e
t al
from
Gymnema
rats
bloo
d gluco
se hom
eostatis
Possible rege
neration
of
sylvestreleav
esthe islets of Lan
gerhan
s in
streptozo
tocin-diabe
tic rats given
Gymnema sylvestreleaf extracts
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
030
(3)2
65ndash2
79
Gymnema sylvestre
GS4
extracted
from
Non
diabe
tic an
dResults sugg
est us
efulne
ss of Gymnema
Oka
baya
shi Y e
t al Effect
Gymnema sylvestre
streptoz
ocin-
sylvestrein the
treatmen
t of certain
of Gymnema sylvestre R
Br on
leav
es 1 gkg
bod
yinduc
ed m
ildly
classes of non
-ins
ulin dep
enden
t gluco
se hom
eostasis in rats
weigh
tdiabe
tic rats
Diabetes mellitus
Diabe
tes Res C
lin Pract
1990
9(2)1
43ndash1
48
Gymnema sylvestre
Pow
dered
lea
ves of
Rats
Gymnema sylvestrepr
otected the
animals
Prak
ash AO e
t al E
ffect of feeding
Gymnema sylvestre
from
low
blood
gluco
se lev
els seen
Gymnema sylvestreleav
es on bloo
d
in rats receiving be
ryllium nitrate
gluco
se in be
ryllium
nitrate treated
alon
erats J Ethno
pha
rm 198
618(2)1
43ndash
146
Gymnema sylvestre
Oral ap
plication of
Clin
ical trial
Sweetness pe
rcep
tion
of the load
was
Brala PM Hag
en R
L Effects of
Gymnema sylvestre
factorial design
reduced in 50
of the su
bjects by oral
sweetness perception
and
caloric
extracts
118 hu
man
application of the
extract L
ess total
value of a preload
on sh
ort term
vo
lunteers
and sweet calories w
ere co
nsum
ed by
intake
Phy
siol Beh
av 198
330
(1)1
ndash9
thos
e with a reduc
ed sweetness
perception
Hemidesmus
Plants lack
ing
Feed
ing trials
All plan
ts produc
ed hep
atic lesions
tha
t Arseculeratne SN
et al Studies of
Indicus(L) W
T
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
in rats
includ
ed cen
tral vein ab
norm
alities
med
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Ation
Aegle marmelos
Terminalia chebula and
Withania
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eASC
LEPIADACEAE
Hemidesmus indicus
somnifera
produced m
ark rena
l lesion
strad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs J
Sariva
Terminalia chebula
Ethno
pharm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
Indian Sa
saparilla
Withania somnifera
Hemidesmus
Air dried
roo
ts of
Mice
Hemidesmus indicus
was tested on mice
Gupta PN Anti-leprotic action
of
indicus
Hemidesmus indicus
infected
with M leprae The
dru
g may
an
extract from ldquoAna
ntam
ulrdquo
simple distilla
tion
with
caus
e a delay
in multiplic
ation of
(Hemidesmus Indicus
RB
r) Lep
r
water
orga
nism
s in the
mou
se foo
t pa
ds
India 198
153
(3)3
54ndash3
59
Holarrhena
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach of the
thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps were
Paranjpe P E
valuation of top
ical
antidysenterica
Glycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered differen
t he
rbal
applications
of he
rbal formulations
(R
oxb Ex Fleing
) Holarrhena
comparative
mixtures Successful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Wall Ex A
DC
antidysenterica
study 49
grou
ps A and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative study
APO
CYNACEAE
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
JMed
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
119
Kutaja
Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Kur
chi tree
Santalum
album
ad
ults w
ith
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
trea
tmen
t prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
sTerminalia chebula
mod
erate
of action remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
facial acn
eHolarrhena
Ethan
ol extract of
Mice
Holarrhena antidysentericaap
peared
Atal CK e
t al Im
mun
omod
ulating
antidysenterica
Holarrhena
to stimulate pha
gocy
tic func
tion
while
agen
ts of plan
t origin IP
relim
inary
antidysenterica
inhibiting
the
humoral com
pon
ent of
screen
ing JEthno
pharm 198
6the im
mun
e sy
stem
18
(2)1
33ndash1
41
458
Holarrhena
Bark po
wder of Holarrhena
Clin
ical trial
Effects of Holarrhena antidysenterica
Cha
turved
i GN S
ingh
KP Sideeffects
antidysenterica
antidysentericain three
11 patients
is not tho
roug
hly atox
ic and
may
lea
dof a traditiona
l indigen
ous dru
g-divided
doses of 4 g for
with intestinal
to sev
eral sub
jective symptoms an
dKutaja (Holarrhena antidysentirica)
15 day
sam
oebiasis and
hypo
tens
ion
Letter to the
editorInd
ian J
giardiasis
Phy
siol Pha
rmacol 198
325
5ndash25
6Holarrhena
Plants screen
ed for
Rats
Feed
ing trials produced liv
er lesions
Arseculeratne SN
et al Studies on
antidysenterica
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
and histopatho
logy
in the lung
s an
dmed
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Crotalaria verrucosa
kidne
ys com
patible with the action
of
Occur
renc
e of pyrroliz
idine alka
loids
Holarrhena antidysenterica
pyrroliz
idine alka
loids
and hep
atotox
ic properties in
and Cassia auriculata
some trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs
J Ethno
pha
rm 198
14(2)159
ndash177
Hydrocotyle asiaticaL
Dried
upr
ipe fruit po
wder
Ran
dom
ized
Treatmen
t with all these plan
ts did not
Haide
r R et al Eva
luation of ind
ige-
UMBE
LLIFE
RAE
of Aegle marmelos d
ried
doub
le-blin
dsh
ow any
clin
ical improv
emen
t or
nous
plants in the
treatmen
t of
Zup
ha
powder plant of Hydrocotyle
clinical trial
bacteriological cu
re as compa
red to
acute sh
igellosis Trop Geo
rgr Med
Hyssop
asiatica dried
pow
der of
82 m
en w
itham
picillin
1991
43(3)266ndash2
70
Poederia foetida
shigellosis
Hygrophila
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats with
A significant hep
atop
rotective activity
Sing
h A Han
da SS
Hep
atop
rotective
auriculata
the seed
s of Apium
paracetamol-
of the
metha
nolic
extract of the seed
sactivity of Apium
graveolensan
d (Sch
umach)H
eine
graveolens
and
induc
edof both plan
ts w
as rep
orted
Hygrophila auriculataag
ains
t parac-
ACANTHACEAE
Hygrophila auriculata
liver
etam
ol and
thioa
cetamideintoxi-
Kok
ilaks
ha
dam
age
catio
n in rats JEthn
opha
rmTalmak
hana
1995
49(3)119
ndash126
Juniperus communis
L
Juniper decoction
at dosag
e Normog
lycemic and
Junipe
r decoc
tion
red
uced
glycemic
Sanc
hez de Med
ina F et al Hyp
o-CUPRESS
ACEAE
of 250 m
gkg
and
125
streptoz
otocin
leve
ls in no
rmog
lycemic rats
glyc
emic activity of ju
niper
Hap
usa
mg
kgdiabe
tic rats
Administration to diabe
tic rats for 24
ldquoberriesrdquo Planta Med
199
460
(3)
Juniper berry
day
s resu
lted
in a sign
ifican
t decrease
197ndash
200
both in bloo
d gluco
se lev
els an
d in
the mortality index
as well as the
preve
ntion of loss of bod
y weigh
tJuniperus
Plants include
leav
es of
Mice
Treatmen
t with Agrimonia eupatoria
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Tradition
al
communis
Agrimonia eupatoria
Medicago sativa Coriandrum
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
Alchemilla vulgaris
sativum Eucalyptus globulus
and
Stud
ies in normal and
strep
tozo
tocin
bulbs of Allium
sativum
Juniperus communis
reduced the
lev
eldiabe
tic mice D
iabe
tologia 1990
Chelidonium majus
of hyp
erglyc
emia during
dev
elop
men
t33
(8)4
62ndash4
64
Convallaria majalis
of strep
tozo
tocin diabe
tes in m
ice
seed
s of Coriandrum
This was assoc
iated w
ith redu
ced
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
459
(continued)
sativum Eucalyptus
polyd
ipsia (excep
t Coriandrum
globulusroots of
sativum) an
d a red
uced
rate of w
eigh
tGlycyrrhiza glabra
loss (ex
cept Agrimonia eupatoria)
dried
berries of
Juniperus communis
Medicago sativa Rubus
fraticosus
Juniperus
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plan
ts sho
wed
marke
d but
Prak
ash AO e
t al Anti-im
plantation
communis
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of some indigen
ous plan
ts
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implantation activity
in rats A
cta Eur Fertil 19
8516(6)
Citrulus colocynthus
441ndash
448
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
Linum usitatissimum
L
Ground
raw
flaxseed 50
Human
trial
Autho
rs con
clude that up to 50
gCunn
ane SC
et al High alph
a-LIN
ACEAE
gd for 4 w
eeks
healthy
high
-a-linolen
ic acid flaxseedday
linolen
ic acid flaxseed (Linum
Uma Linseed
female
is palatab
le safe an
d m
ay be
usitatissimum
) some nu
tritiona
l vo
lunteers
nutritiona
lly ben
eficial in human
s by
prope
rties in hum
ans Br JN
utr
increa
sing
n-3 fatty acids in plasm
aMar199
369
(2)4
43ndash3
an
d erythrocytes an
d by de
creasing
postprand
ial gluco
se respo
nses
Linum
Freeze-dried
extracts of
Wistar albino
Linum usitatissimum
and Symphytum
Shipochliev T et al A
nti-inflammatory
usitatissimum
Calendula officinalis
rats
officinaledid not inh
ibit inflammation
action
of a grou
p of plant extracts
Hypericum
perforatum
but they
did suppr
ess the leuk
ocyte
[Bulgarian] Vet M
ed N
auki 198
1Linum usitatissimum
infiltration
at the third and
fou
rth ho
ur18
(6)8
7ndash94
Matricaria chamomilla
of the
ind
uced
inflammation
Plantago lanceolata
Calendula officinalis H
ypericum
Symphytum
officinale
perforatum
Matricaria chamomilla
and Plantago lanceolata
suppressed
both inflammatory effect and
leuko
cyte infiltration
Luffa cylindrical
Two glyc
oproteins with
Mice
The
proteins were capa
ble of ind
ucing
Ng TB e
t al T
wo proteins with
M R
oem
a molecular w
eigh
t of
midterm
abo
rtion in m
ice inh
ibiting
ribo
some-inactiv
ating cytotox
ic
CUCURBITACEAE
28000
and
2850
0protein syn
thesis in a cell-free system
and abo
rtifactant activities from
Dha
marga
raisolated
from seeds
of
and sup
pressing
thy
midine uptak
e by
seed
s of Luffa cylindricaRoe
m
Spon
ge gou
rdLuffa cylindrica
human
cho
rioc
arcino
ma cells
(C
ucurbitaceae) Bioch
em Int 199
227
(2)1
97ndash2
07
460
Luffa cylindrica
Bryon
olic acid iso
lated
Rats m
ice
Bryon
olic acid inh
ibited
hom
olog
ous
Tan
aka S et al A
nti-allergic effect
from
the
cultured cells
passive
cutane
ous an
aphy
laxis more
of bryon
olic acid from
Luffa cylindrica
of Luffa cylindrica
strong
ly tha
n glycyrrhetinic acid from
cell su
spen
sion
cultures Planta
Administered to rats IP
licorice Bryon
olic acid sho
wed
little
Med
199
157
(6)5
27ndash5
30
600 mg
kgtoxicity and
no visible side effects on
mice
Mallotus
Dried
pow
der fruit of
Goa
tsMallotus philippensisfruit is no
tJost C
C et al Kam
ala (Mallotus
philippensis(Lam
)Mallotus philippensis
effective in elim
inating direct life-
philippensis) fruit is ineffective as
Mue
ll(250
375
50
0 an
d 750
cycle ga
strointestinal nem
atod
es in
an anthe
lminthic aga
inst gastro-
EUPHORBIA
CEAE
mg
kg com
pared
to
goats
intestinal nem
atod
es in go
ats
Kam
pilla
fenb
enda
zole [10
mg
kg])
indigen
ous to Baloc
histan
Pa
kistan
Rottlera
Small Rum
inan
t Res 199
620
(2)
147ndash
153
Mallotus
Crude pow
der mixture
75 patients
The
cure rate in group
A w
as 80
Sa
rma BP O
jha D T
he m
anag
e-philippensis
of equ
al parts of
with va
riou
sgrou
p B treated with meb
endaz
ole
men
t of G
andup
ada krim
i (Ascaris
Ailanthus excelsa Butea
worm
was 92
an
d group C
was 76
lumbricoides)
with indigen
ous dru
gs
monosperma Embelia
infestations
Cure rate sho
wed
neg
ative Ascaris
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
70ndash172
ribes Erythrina indica
lumbricoidesov
a in the
stool rep
ort
Mallotus philippensis
for 3 co
nsecutive
day
sOrxylum
indicum
Mentha arvensis
L
Petroleum ether and
Mice
Interruption of nidation oc
curred
at 5
Garg P et al A
lteration in the
uterine
LABIA
TAE
benz
ene
mg per m
ouse per day
A statistically
pho
spha
tase of the mou
se after
Puthea
chromatog
raphic
sign
ifican
t de
crea
se in the alka
line
administration of con
trag
estative
Corn mint
fraction
of the petroleum
and acid pho
spha
tase con
tent of the
dose of chr
omatog
raphic fraction
of
ethe
r ex
tract of Mentha
uteru
s on
day
12 postcoitum w
aspetroleum ether extract of mint
arvensis
leav
esno
ted B
enzene
and
chloroform w
ere
(Mentha arvensis) leav
es J A
dvan
ced
ineffective in altering alka
line an
dZoo
logy
199
516
(2)8
5ndash87
acid pho
spha
tase
Mentha arvensis
Essen
tial oils
of
Guinea
pigs
Five
essen
tial oils
by form
ulation
of
Kisho
re N
et al Fu
ngitox
icity of
Artemisia nelagrica
ointmen
ts w
ere ab
le to cu
reessential oils aga
inst dermatop
hytes
Caesulia axillaris
expe
rimen
tal ring
worm in gu
inea pigs
Myc
oses 199
336
(5ndash6
)211
ndash215
Chenopodium
within 7ndash
12 day
s A
rtem
isia oil was
ambrosioides
found
to be
the
mos
t effective
Cymbopogon citratus
essential oil
Mentha arvensis
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
461
(continued)
Mentha arvensis
50 ethan
olic extract of
Rats
Extract of Mentha arvensis
has be
enMathu
r R Fruc
tolysis effect of
Mentha arvensis
leav
esfound
to decrease the fruc
tose
50 ethan
olic extract of Mentha
synthe
sis ve
sicles A
s a resu
lt the
arvensis
Linn (leav
es) in sem
inal
viab
ility of sp
ermatoz
oa seemed
to be
vesicles of rat Acta Eur Fertil
altered F
ertility reve
aled
sterile
1991
22(4)219
ndash220
matings
until 30
day
s of last treatm
ent
Mentha arvensis
Fraction
of Mentha arvensis
Rats
Subc
utane
ous ad
ministration of the
Kan
jana
pothi D
et al Postcoital
uterotonic fraction
to rats pregn
ant
antifertility
effect of Mentha arvensis
from
day
1ndash1
0 caused a significant
Con
tracep
tion
198
124
(5)5
59ndash5
67
interrup
tion
in pregn
ancy
Mentha arvensis
Essential oils of Mentha arvensis
Molds an
dThe
se oils
were fung
istatic or
Sarbho
y AK et al Efficacy of som
e Mentha piperita Anethum
fung
us
fung
icidal to on
e or the
other m
olds
essential oils and
the
ir con
stituen
ts
sowa Cymbogopon winterianus
dep
ending up
on the
con
centration
son
few
ubiqu
itou
s molds Z
entralbl
Nardostachys jatamansi
Bak
teriol [Natur
wiss] 197
813
3(7ndash
8)
and Commiphora mukul
723ndash
725
Moringa oleifera
Edible portion
s of
6 male wea
nling
The
exten
t of calcium absorption
from
Pank
aja N Pr
akash J Ava
ilability of
Lam
Moringa oleifera
and
albino
rats
Moringa oleifera
and Amaranthus tricolor
calcium from kilk
eerai (Amaranthus
MORIN
GACEAE
Amaranthus tricolor
and m
ilk w
as eva
luated
Results
tricolor) an
d dru
mstick (Moringa
Sigru
reve
aled
tha
t calcium abs
orption
and
oleifera) greens
in wea
nling rats
Horseradish tree
calcium reten
tion
from m
ilk w
ere
Nah
rung
199
438
(2)1
99ndash2
03
sign
ifican
tly increa
sed com
pared
to
Moringa oleifera
and Amaranthus
tricolor The
presenc
e of oxa
lates
inhibited intestina
l ab
sorption
of
calcium
Moringa oleifera
Lea
f ex
tracts of
Human
trial
Top
ical app
lication resu
lted
in us
ers
Fabiyi JP e
t al Traditiona
l therap
y Adansonia digitata
human
s with
perceived
relief of pain an
d
of dracu
nculia
sis in the
state of
Calotropis procera
guinea
worms
accelerated exp
ulsion of w
orms
Bau
chi-Nigeria [Fren
ch] Dak
arMoringa oleifera
and hea
ling pr
ocess
Med
199
338(2)1
93ndash1
95
Tamarindus indica
Ziziphus jaozeiro
Moringa oleifera
Hot w
ater infusion
s of
Rats with induced
The
seed infusion
sho
wed
a signifi-
Caceres A
et al Pha
rmacolog
ic
flow
ers lea
ves roo
ts
hind
paw
edem
acant inh
ibition of acetylcho
line-
prope
rties of M oleifera
2seed
s an
d stalks of bark
induc
ed con
traction
with an
ED
50of
Screen
ing for an
tisp
asmod
ic an
ti-
of Moringa oleifera
656 m
gmL ba
th con
centration
inflam
matory an
d diuretic activity
Doses are exp
ressed
as
inhibition
of induced ed
ema and
J Ethno
pharm 199236
(3)2
33ndash2
37
equiva
lent of dried
diuretic activity at 10
0 mg
kg
starting
plant m
aterial
462
Moringa oleifera
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally dosed
Aqu
eous
or 90
ethan
ol extracts of the
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used
of pow
dered
plant
for 10
day
splants were stud
ied in rats for 10
Indian
abo
rtifacient plants with
material Adhatoda vasica
day
s after insemination with sp
ecial
special referenc
e to the
irAbrus precatorius Acacia
referenc
e to effects of fetal
teratologic effects in rats J
arabica Aloe
dev
elop
men
t Leaf ex
tracts of
Ethno
pha
rm 199
236
147
ndash154
barbadensis Anethum
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
sowa Apium
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
petroselinium Banbusa
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
arundensis Blepharis
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
edulis Butea
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
monosperma Hibiscus
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
at the
dos
es tested
sativum M
esua ferrea
Moringa oleifera
Mucuna pruriens
Raphanus sativus Sida
cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
Moringa oleifera
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
dCum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Siva
ramak
rish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
rats
sanctum
leav
es Papaver somnifera
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
seed
s sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian
plant products Foo
d C
hem
asafoetida Moringa
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to be
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
oleifera O
cimum
valuab
le anticarcino
gens
sanctum Papaver
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylamum
nigrum
Moringa oleifera
Biosy
nthe
tically
and
Albino mice
Based
on mutag
enicity tests in albino
Villasen
or IM et al Mutag
ens from
ch
emically related
mice structur
e-activity correlation
roasted seeds of M
oringa
oleifera
compo
und
s isolated
studies that 4 (
a-L-rha
mno
syloxy
)Mutat R
es 198
9224(2)209
ndash212
from
the
roa
sted
seeds
phe
nyl-aceton
itrile 4-hy
droxy
-of Moringa oleifera
phe
nylacetonitrile
and
4-
hydroxy
phe
nylacetamide ex
hibited
mutage
nic activity
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
463
(continued)
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Ova
riectomized
To assess the
histologic effect of the
Shukla S et al H
istoarch
itecture of
Moringa oleifera
roots
rats
antifertility m
ode of action it w
asthe ge
nital tract of ova
riectomized
found
tha
t the ex
tract stim
ulated the
rats treated
with an
aqu
eous
uterine
histoarch
itecture by an
extract of Moringa oleifera
roots
increa
se in the he
ight of luminal
J Ethno
pha
rm 198
925
(3)2
49ndash2
61
epithe
lium well-dev
elop
ed gland
sloose stroma and
rich va
scularity The
cervix sho
wed
metap
lastic cha
nges
In the
vag
ina cornification
was
prominen
t ru
gae increased an
dstroma was loo
se
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Female rats
Initial ad
ministration of Moringa
Shukla S et al B
ioch
emical and
Moringa oleifera
roots
oleifera
stim
ulated
the
uterine
phy
siolog
ical alterations
in female
stru
ctur
es c
aused m
etap
lastic cha
nges
reproduc
tive
organ
s of cyc
lic rats
in the
cervical ep
ithe
lium and
treated w
ith aq
ueo
us ex
tract of
provo
ked con
siderab
le cornification
Moringa oleifera
Lam
Acta Eur
in the
vag
inal epithe
lium At a later
Fertil 19
8819(4)225
ndash232
duration
significant inh
ibition in the
histoa
rchitectur
e was obs
erve
d
Bioch
emical observa
tion
s an
dhistolog
ic findings correlated w
ith
anti-implantation action
of the
aqueo
us extract
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Ova
riectomized
The
roo
t was inv
estiga
ted for its
Shukla S et al A
ntifertility pr
ofile
Moringa oleifera
roots
rats
estrog
enic a
ntiestroge
nic proge
sta-
of the
aqu
eous ex
tract of Moringa
tion
al an
d antiproge
stationa
loleifera
roots JEthno
pha
rmactivities T
he antifertility effect
1988
22(1)51ndash
62
appe
ars to be due to m
ultiple
attributes
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Ova
ry of rat
Treated
rats remaine
d in the
cyc
licPr
akash AO O
varian
respo
nse to
Moringa oleifera
roots
dur
ing early
cond
itions
as ne
wly formed
corpo
raaq
ueo
us ex
tract of Moringa oleifera
preg
nanc
ylutea were ob
served
Non
treated
during
early pregn
ancy
in rats
ovaries of con
trol rats sh
owed
well
Fitoterapia 198
8LIX
(2)8
9ndash96
dev
elop
ed corpora lutea Sev
eral
othe
r features sh
owed
tha
t the ex
tract
could not ind
uce any
histologic
featur
es in the ov
ary as obs
erve
d in
pregn
ancy
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tracts of the
Female ad
ult
Both ex
tracts are effective
in
Shukla S et al A
nti-im
plan
tation
roots an
d bark of
rats
preve
nting im
plantation R
esults also
efficacy
of Moringa oleifera
Lam
Moringa oleifera
and
show
ed anti-im
plan
tation
activity of
and Moringa concacensis
Nim
mo
Moringa concacensis
Moringa oleifera
root w
as con
sisten
trats Int J C
rude Dru
g Res 198
826
rega
rdless of its time an
d place of
29ndash3
2colle
ction
464
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Pregn
ant rats
Adm
inistration of extract to pregn
ant
Praka
sh A
O e
t al Uterine
histo-
Moringa oleifera
roots
rats cou
ld not stimulate the
uteru
s that
arch
itecture during
pre- an
d pos
t-remaine
d non
receptive throug
hout
implan
tation
periods of rats trea
ted
the period of treatm
ent therefore the
with aq
ueo
us ex
tract of Moringa
fertilize
d egg
s may
not be welco
med
oleifera
Lam
Acta Eur Fe
rtil 19
87
by the
unp
repared
uteru
s18
(2)1
29ndash135
Mucuna pruriens
Stab
le stan
dardized
Multicenter
Using
the
Unified
Parkins
onrsquos D
isease
Man
yam BV et al An altern
ative
(L) DC
prepa
ration
from
clinical trial
Rating Scale (U
PDRS) a sign
ifican
tmed
icine trea
tmen
t for Parkins
onrsquos
LEGUMIN
OSA
Een
doc
arp of Mucuna
60 w
ith
decrease in sco
res from
baseline to
disease Results of a multicen
ter
Kap
ikachc
hha
pruriens
bean
s (H
P-20
0)Pa
rkinsonrsquos
the en
d of the 12
-week study
clinical trial JA
ltern Com
plem
ent
Cow
-itch plan
tdisease
indicated
a significant improve
men
tMed
199
51(3)249
ndash255
in the
ir Parkins
onrsquos con
ditions
Mucuna pruriens
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally dosed
Aqu
eous
or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D et al Com
mon
ly used Ind
ian
of pow
dered
plant
for 10
day
sthe plants were studied in rats for 10
abortifacien
t plan
ts w
ith sp
ecial
material Adhatoda
day
s after insemination with sp
ecial
referenc
e to the
ir teratolog
ic effects
vasica Abrus
referenc
e to effects of fetal
in rats J Ethno
pharm 199
236
precatorius Acacia
dev
elop
men
t Lea
f ex
tracts of
147ndash
154
arabica Aloe
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
barbadensis Anethum
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
sowa Apium
equiva
lent to 17
5 mg
kg starting dr
ypetroselinium Banbusa
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
arundensis Blepharis
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
edulis Butea
appeared to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
monosperma Hibiscus
at the
doses tested
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
sativum Mesua ferrea
Moringa oleifera
Mucuna pruriens
Raphamus sativus
Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
465
(continued)
Myristica fragrans
Ethan
olic extract of
Albino rabb
its
Total cho
lesterol LD
L triglycerides
Ram
A e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic effect
Hou
tt
Myristica fragrans 500
and con
trols
and cho
lesterol w
ere all sign
ifican
tly
of Myristica fragransfruit extract in
MYRISTIC
ACEAE
mg
kg orally
daily for
reduc
ed T
he extract also sh
owed
rabb
its JEthno
pharm 199
655
(1)
Jatiph
alam
60 day
splatelet an
tiag
greg
atory ab
ility and
a49
ndash53
Nutm
egsign
ifican
t decrease in lev
els of total
cholesterol in hea
rt and
liver
Myristica fragrans
Myristica fragransseed
Hyp
erch
o-The
extract red
uced serum and
LDL
Sharma A e
t al Pr
even
tion
of hy
per-
extract
lesterolem
icch
olesterol by
691
and
763
ch
olesterolemia and
atherosclerosis
rabb
its
resp
ective
ly S
ignificant decrease in
in rab
bits after supp
lemen
tation
of
cholesterolph
osph
olipid ratio by
Myristica fragransseed
extract
312 and
an increase in the HDL-
Indian J Ph
ysiol Pha
rmacol 199
5ratio The
extract preve
nted
39(4)4
07ndash4
10
accu
mulation of cho
lesterol
pho
spho
lipid and
triglyc
eride in the
liver h
eart and
aorta E
xtract
dissolved
atherom
atou
s plaqu
es of
aorta by
709ndash76
5 Fe
cal ex
cretion
of cho
lesterol and
pho
spho
lipids were
sign
ifican
tly increa
sed
Myristica fragrans
Aril of the
plant
Mice proge
nyThe
possible tran
sfer of the active
Cha
bra SK
Rao
AR Trans
mam
mary
Myristica fragrans
princ
iple of mace through
trans
-mod
ulatio
n of xen
obiotic metab
oliz-
Aqu
eous
susp
ension
at
mam
mary route and
its ability to
ing en
zymes in liv
er ofmou
se
dose of 0025
or 01 g pe
rmod
ulate he
patic xeno
biotic
pup
s by
mace (Myristica fragrans
anim
al per day
metab
olizing en
zymes in the F1
Hou
tt) JEthno
pha
rm 199
4ad
ministered by oral
proge
ny w
as studied O
nly 14-day
-old
42(3)1
69ndash1
77
gava
ge to dam
s day
1 of
pup
s of dam
s receiving either m
ace
lactation an
d con
tinu
eddose sh
owed
significantly inc
reased
for 14
21 day
she
patic glutathion
e pe
roxidase leve
ls
Myristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg D
ose of
Mice
Mod
ifying
poten
tial of areca nu
t on
Sing
h A R
ao A
R M
odulatory effect
05
or 1
mace
the induc
tion
of the he
patic
of A
reca nut in the
action of m
ace
detox
ification sy
stem
in mice by
(Myristica fragrans H
outt) on
the
mace was studied At 05
and
1
hepa
tic detox
ification sy
stem
in
mace in the
diet areca nu
t reduc
edmice Foo
d C
hem T
oxicol 199
3mace-induc
ed inc
reases in he
patic
31(7)5
17ndash5
21
glutathion
e S-tran
sferase an
dsu
lfhy
dryl lev
els an
d eleva
ted furthe
rincrea
ses in lev
els of cytoc
hrom
e b5
and P45
0
466
Myristica fragrans
1 caps
ule 3
3per day
30 patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR C
linical eva
luation of
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
compo
site A
yurved
ic dru
gs on
co
ntaining
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus50
mg
ureters or
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urinary blad
der Aryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
blad
ders
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
mg Eclipta alba
100
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
mg Myristica fragrans
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
10 m
g Tinospora
greater than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
cordifolia10
0 mg
Tribulus terrestris5
0mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gMyristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg Oral
Mice with
Declin
e in the
inc
iden
ce of carcinom
as
Hus
sain SP R
ao A
R C
hemop
reve
ntive
administration of 10 mg
induc
edwas highly sign
ifican
t co
mpared
to
action
of mace (Myristica fragrans
per m
ouse per day
for 7
carcinog
enesis
controls
Hou
tt) on
methy
lcho
lanthren
e-day
s be
fore and
90 day
sin uterine
induced carcino
gene
sis in the
after carcinog
en threa
dcervix
uterine cervix in mice C
ancer Le
ttinserted
1991
56(3)231
ndash234
Myristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg Animals
Mice
A significant declin
e of skin pa
pillo
ma
Jann
u LN e
t al Che
mop
reve
ntive
received
diet of 1
inciden
ce com
pared
to co
ntrols
action
of mace (Myristica fragrans
mace
was obs
erve
d
Hou
tt) on
DBMA-ind
uced pa
pillo-
mag
enesis in the skin of mice
Can
cer Lett 19
9156(1)59ndash
63
Myristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg 1
or
Mice
A significant inc
rease in glutathione
Kumari MV Rao
AR Effect of
2 m
ace diet for 10
S-tran
sferase activity and
in acid
mace (Myristica fragrans
Hou
tt)
day
ssoluble su
lfhy
dryl grou
ps in the
liver
on cytosolic glutathione
S-
was noted
tran
sferase activity and
acid soluble
sulfhy
dryl leve
l in m
ouse liver
Can
cer Lett 19
891546
(2)8
7ndash91
Nardostachys
Each tablet con
tains 10
039
patients with
Preparation was eva
luated
for clin
ical
Ran
i PU
Naidu UR S
ubjective an
djatamansi
(D
mg of alcoh
olic extract
insomnia
efficacy
and
safety in ins
omnia by
polyso
mno
grap
hic ev
aluation of a
Don
) DC
of roo
t of Rauwolfia
subjective
and
polysom
nograp
hic
herbal prepa
ration
in insomnia
VALERIA
NACEAE
serpentina 10
0 mg of
metho
d The
prepa
ration
produc
edPh
ytom
edicine 19
985(4)2
53ndash2
57
Jataman
sirh
izom
e pow
der of
sign
ifican
t im
prov
emen
t in sleep
Musk roo
tNardostachys jatamansi
parameters The
preparation did not
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
467
(continued)
and 100
mg aq
ueou
sproduc
e an
y feeling of han
gove
r or
extract of roo
t stem
day
tim
e sleeplessn
ess 11 pa
tien
tsleaf of Tinospora
complained
of mild
epigastric distress
cordifolia
2 tab
lets at
after the test dru
g It can be
con
cluded
bedtime for 21
day
sthe prepa
ration
had
goo
d hyp
notic
activity and
can
be us
ed in insomnia
Nardostachys
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of
topical
jatamansi
Glycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plic
ations of he
rbal formulations
Holarrhena
comparative
mixtures Successful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
antidysenterica
study 49
grou
ps A
and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative
study
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
JMed
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Santalum
album
ad
ults with
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
trea
tmen
t prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
sTerminalia chebula
mod
erate
of action remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
facial acn
eNardostachys
Alcoh
olic extract of the
Male albino
The
se data indicate an
ove
rall
Prab
hu V
et al E
ffects of Nardostachys
jatamansi
roots of Nardostachys
Wistar rats
sign
ifican
t increase in the leve
ls of
jatamansi
on bioge
nic am
ines and
jatamansi
central mon
oamines and
inh
ibitory
inhibitory amino acids in the
rat
amino acids
brain Planta Med
199460(2)1
14ndash117
Nardostachys
50 extract of Curcuma
Rats
The
extracts increased H
DL-total
Dixit V
P e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic
jatamansi
longaan
d Nardostachys
cholesterol ratio an
d also caus
ed a
effects of Curcuma LongaL and
jatamansi
(who
le plant)
sign
ifican
t decrease in the
ratio of
Nardostachys jatamansi D
C in
total ch
olesterolph
ospho
lipid
triton
-ind
uced
hyp
erlip
idae
mic
Curcuma longaex
hibited better
rats Ind
ian JP
hysiol Pha
rmacol
cholesterol an
d triglyc
eride decreas-
1988
32(4)299
ndash304
ing activity tha
n Nardostachys
jatamansi
Nardostachys
Essen
tial oils
of Mentha
Molds an
dThe
se oils
were fung
istatic or
Sarbho
y AK et al Efficacy of som
e jatamansi
arvensis M
entha
fung
usfung
icidal to on
e or the
other m
olds
essential oils and
the
ir con
stituen
ts
piperita Anethum
sowa
dep
ending on
the
con
centration
son
few
ubiqu
itous
molds
Zen
tralbl
Cymbogopon winterianus
Bak
teriol [Natur
wiss] 197
813
3(7ndash
8)
Nardostachys jatamansi
723ndash
725
and Commiphora mukul
Nardostachys
Active princ
iple of
Rab
bits d
ogs
Antiarrhy
thmic action of Nardostachys
Arora R
B M
adan
BR A
ntiarrhy
th-
jatamansi
Nardostachys jatamansi
cats mice
jatamansi
and quinidine were
mics Part III Antiarrhy
thmic
inve
stigated
Com
pared
on the electro-
activity of Nardostachys jatamansi
card
iogram
Nardostachys jatamansi
(an Indian indigen
ous dr
ug)
caus
ed a decrease in the
prolong
ation
Ind J M
ed R
es 195
644
(2)2
59ndash2
69
of refractory period and
a decreased
slow
ing of con
duction a distinc
tad
vantag
e ov
er quinidine Nardostachys
jatamansi
may
be us
eful in cases of
auricu
lar flutter
468
Nelum
bo nucifera
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats
The
extract produced a significant
Mukh
erjee PK
et al Antipyretic
Gaertn
Nelum
bo nucifera
dose-dep
enden
t decrease of normal
activity of Nelum
bo nucifera
rhizom
e NELUMBONACEAE
rhizom
e D
oses of 20
0bo
dy temperatur
e an
d a yea
st-
extract Indian
J Exp
Biol 19
9634(3)
Kam
al30
0 or 40
0 mg
kgprovo
ked inc
rease of bod
y27
5ndash27
6Sa
cred
lotus
temperature The
effect produc
ed w
ascomparab
le w
ith the an
tipy
retic dru
gparacetam
ol
Nelum
bo nucifera
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats an
dThe
extract w
as fou
nd to cause a
Mukh
erjee PK
et al Studies on
rhizom
es of Nelum
bomice
reduc
tion
in sp
ontane
ous activity a
psych
opha
rmacolog
ical effects of
nucifera
decrease in exp
loratory beh
avioral
Nelum
bo nucifera
Gaertn rhizo
me
patterns a decrease in m
uscle relax
ant
extract JE
thno
pharm 199
654
(2ndash3
)activity and
it sign
ifican
tly
63ndash6
7poten
tiated
the
pen
toba
rbiton
einduc
ed sleep
ing time
Nelum
bo nucifera
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats
The
extract-treated
animals sh
owed
Mukh
erjee PK
et al Antidiarrho
eal
rhizom
es of Nelum
bosign
ifican
t inhibitory activity ag
ains
tev
alua
tion
of Nelum
bo nucifera
nucifera
castor oil induced diarrhe
a an
drhizom
e ex
tract Indian
J Pha
rmacol
inhibited significantly PGE-2induced
1995
27(4)262
ndash264
en
teropoo
ling in rats It also sho
wed
sign
ifican
t decreases in ga
strointestinal
motility after a cha
rcoa
l mea
lNelum
bo nucifera
Decoction
of Crataegus
Human
sThe
decoc
tion
produced a red
uction
La Cou
r B e
t al Traditiona
l Chine
se
cuneata Nelum
boof triglyc
eride an
d cho
lesterol
med
icine in treatmen
t of hyp
er-
nucifera
and
lipidae
mia J Ethno
pharm 1995
Gynostemma
46(2)1
25ndash1
29
pentaphylla
Nelum
bo nucifera
Pow
dered
sun-dried
Normal
Study of gluco
se toleran
ce cur
ves sh
ows
Hur
alikuppi A
B et al Anti-diabe
tic
flow
ers (test dru
g) and
albino
that duration
of hy
perglyc
emia w
as
effect of Nelum
bo nucifera
(Gae
rtn)
aqueo
us an
d alco
holic
rabb
its
notably reduc
ed com
pared
with co
ntrols
Part I prelim
inary stud
ies in rab
bits
extracts of Nelum
boThe
extracts effects were co
mpa
rable
Phy
tother R
es 199
15(2)54ndash
58
nucifera
to tha
t pr
oduc
ed by 25
0 mg
kg of
tolbutamide The
extracts sign
ifican
tly
dep
ressed
hyp
erglyc
emia ind
uced
by
adrena
line hy
droch
loride
Nelum
bo nucifera
Air-dried
flowers of
Normal rats
Lon
g-term
administration of extracts
Hur
alikuppi JC et al Antidiabe
tic
Nelum
bo nucifera
diabe
tic
did not produce sustaine
d fall of fasting
effect of Nelum
bo nucifera
(Gae
rtn)
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPH
ARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
469
(continued)
fine
ly pow
dered
rabb
its
bloo
d suga
r leve
ls altho
ugh
daily
extract Part II P
hytother R
es 199
1aq
ueo
us an
d alcoh
olic
doses cau
sed hyp
oglycemia as an
521
7ndash22
3ex
tracts
acute effect The
extracts sh
owed
acute and
chron
ic effects in su
ppress-
ing hy
perglycemia bu
t were less
potent tha
n stan
dard dru
gs T
heextract sign
ifican
tly im
prov
ed gluco
setoleranc
eNelum
bo nucifera
Nefereine
alkaloid extracted
Cats
The
results ind
icate that neferine an
dLi GR e
t al Effects of ne
ferine
on
from
the
green
seed
quinidine ha
ve sim
ilar effects on
heart
heart electrom
echa
nical activity in
embryo
of Nelum
bo
electrom
echa
nical activity
anae
sthe
tized cats [Chine
se]
nucifera D
ose of 1ndash1
0 Chu
ng-K
uo Yao
Li Hsu
eh Pao
-mg
kg IV
Acta Pha
rmacolog
ica Sinica 199
011
158
ndash161
Nyctanthes arbor-
Water soluble fraction
of
Mice
Oral ad
ministraton
of the ex
tract sh
owed
Pau
l BN Sa
xena
AK Dep
letion
of
tristisL
the etha
nolic
extract of
a co
nsistent dep
letion
of tumor necrosis
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
in
OLEACEAE
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
factor-a
(TNF-
a) from
the
host plasma
mice by
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Parijata
Varying
doses of 1 10
The
extract also reduced plasma
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
756
(2)1
53ndash1
58
Night ja
smine
50 a
nd 100
mg
interferon
-g lev
el but the plasm
a im
mun
oglobu
lin M
(IgM) an
d immuno
-glob
ulin G
(IgG) leve
ls w
ere no
t affected
The
extract m
ay be effective
in clin
ical disorders in the
man
agem
ent
of TNF-
a
Nyctanthes arbor-
50 ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Strong
stimulation
of an
tige
n sp
ecific
Pur
i A et al Im
muno
stim
ulant
tristis
seed
s flowers an
dan
d non
specific immun
ity was noted
activity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
leav
es of Nyctanthes
Max
imum activity foun
d in seed
s in
L J Ethno
pha
rm 199
442
(1)
arbor-tristisOral do
sewhich
the
active princ
iple app
eared
31ndash3
7of 25 mg
kg per day
for
asso
ciated
with lip
ids In flow
ers an
d7 day
sleav
es the
major activity was fou
ndin the
aqu
eous fraction
of the 50
etha
nol ex
tract
Nyctanthes arbor-
Water-solub
le portion
of
Rats
The
extract exh
ibited
significant asp
irin-
Saxena
RS et al A
nalgesic a
ntipyretic
tristis
an ethan
olic extract of
like an
tino
ciceptive
activity bu
t faile
d
and ulcerog
enic activity of
leav
es of Nyctanthes
to produce m
orph
ine-lik
e an
alge
sia
Nyctanthes arbor-tristisleaf extract
arbor-tristis
The
ex
tract was also foun
d to possess
JEthno
pharm 198
719
(2)1
93ndash2
00
antipyretic activity an
d produ
ced gastric
ulcers
Nyctanthes arbor-
Water-solub
le portion
of
Rats
The
extract inh
ibited
acu
te inflammatory
Saxe
na R
S et al S
tudy of anti-inflam
-tristis
an ethan
olic extract of
edem
a induced in the hind
paw and
matory activity in the leav
es of
the leav
es of Nyctanthes
sign
ifican
tly decreased
acu
te inflam-
Nyc
tanthe
s arbo
r tristis Linn
arbor-tristis
Ex
tract
matory sw
ellin
g on
the
kne
e joint
mdashAn Indian med
icinal plant J
administered orally
in
Acu
te and
chron
ic pha
ses of ind
uced
Ethno
pharm 198
411
(3)3
19ndash3
30
doses ran
ging
from 05
arthritis an
d the
inflammation produc
ed
to 80 gkg
by immuno
logic metho
ds were also
sign
ifican
tly inhibited
470
Ocimum
sanctum
L
Aqu
eous
extract of the
Mice
The
extract administered with radio-
Gan
asou
ndari A et al Mod
ification
LABIATAE
leav
es of Ocimum
therap
y ga
ve a highe
r stem
cell
of bon
e marrow rad
iosens
itivity
Tulsi
sanctum
survival rate (p
005
) co
mpa
red to
by m
edicinal plant extracts Br J
Holy ba
sil
WR-272
1 an
d rad
iotherap
y W
hile
Rad
iol 19
9770(83
4)599
ndash602
W
R-272
1 ha
d a tox
ic effect Ocimum
sanctum
trea
tmen
t sh
owed
no su
cheffect
Ocimum
sanctum
Ocimum
sanctum
fixe
dInduc
edOcimum
sanctum
oil an
d linoleic acid
Sing
h S M
ajumdar D
K E
valuation
oil
paw
edem
awere found
to po
ssess sign
ifican
tof antiin
flam
matory activity of
antiinflam
matory activity
fatty acids of Ocimum
sanctum
fixe
d oil Ind
ian J Exp
Biol 19
97
35(4)3
80ndash3
83
Ocimum
sanctum
Ethan
olic extract of
Rats
Treatmen
t with the extract preve
nted
Sembu
linga
m K
et al Effect of
Ocimum
sanctum
chan
ges in the
plasm
a leve
l of
Ocimum
sanctum
Linn on
noise
corticosterone
ind
uced exp
osur
e to
induced cha
nges in plasma
both acu
te and
chr
onic noise stress
tico
steron
e leve
l Indian JP
hysiol
Pha
rmacol 199
741
(2)1
39ndash1
43
Ocimum
sanctum
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
ergly-
The
formulation
had
little effect on
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
sanctum Picrorhiza
cemic rats
bloo
d sug
ar con
centration
s bu
t doses
Trasina
an
Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
induc
ed a dose-related decrease in
form
ulation
on pan
crea
tic islet
cordifolia Withania
streptozo
tocin (STZ) hy
perglyc
emia
supe
roxide dismutase activity in
somniferaD
oses 1
00
and atten
uation
of ST
Z ind
uced a
hyperglyc
aemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
200 mg
kg PO
13decrease in islet sup
erox
ide dismutase
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
day
for 28 day
sactivity in eu
glyc
emic rats
Ocimum
sanctum
Lea
f ex
tract of Ocimum
Mice
Ocimum
sanctum
extract sign
ifican
tly
Gan
asou
ndari A et al Protection
sanctum
reduc
ed the
gen
eration of hyd
roxy
lag
ainst radiation
-ind
uced chr
omo-
radical
some dam
age in m
ouse bon
e marrow by Ocimum
sanctum
Mutat
Res 199
737
3(2)271
ndash276
Ocimum
sanctum
Ocimum
sanctum
leaf
Diabe
tic rats
Obs
erva
tion
s indicate a sign
ifican
tRai V
et al Effect of T
ulasi (Ocimum
pow
der
hypo
glyc
emic and
hyp
olipidem
icsanctum) leaf pow
der supp
lemen
ta-
effect on diabe
tic rats
tion
on bloo
d sug
ar lev
els serum
lip
ids an
d tissu
e in diabe
tic rats
Plant Foo
ds Hum
Nutr 19
9750(1)
9ndash16
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
471
Ocimum
sanctum
Fixe
d oil of Ocimum
Induc
ed paw
Oil of Ocimum
sanctum
was fou
nd to
Sing
h S et al Ev
aluation of anti-
sanctum
edem
a in rats
possess significant anti-inflam
matory
inflam
matory poten
tial of fixe
d oil
activity aga
inst carrage
enan
- an
d other
of Ocimum
sanctum
(Holy ba
sil)
med
iator-induced paw
edem
a in rats
and its pos
sible mecha
nism
of
action
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
654
(1)
19ndash2
6Ocimum
sanctum
Extract of Ocimum
Con
trolled
Results indicated
a significant decrease
Agraw
al P e
t al Ran
domized
sanctum
sing
le blin
din fasting
pos
tprand
ial bloo
d gluco
se
placebo
-con
trolled s
ingle blind
trial hu
man
sleve
ls dur
ing trea
tmen
t with ho
ly basil
trial of holy ba
sil leav
es in patients
leav
es com
pared
to trea
tmen
t with
with no
nins
ulin
-dep
enden
t Diabetes
placebo
leave
smellitus Int JC
lin Ph
armacol The
r 19
9634(9)406
ndash409
Ocimum
sanctum
Alcoh
olic extract of Ocimum
Mice
The
extract significantly inc
reased
Ban
erjee S et al M
odulatory
sanctum
leav
es 40
0 an
d
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d glutathione
influen
ce of alco
holic
extract of
800 mg
kg bod
y weigh
t S-tran
sferase leve
ls tha
t are
Ocimum leave
s on
carcino
gen-
for 15 day
sim
portant in the detox
ification of
metab
olizing en
zyme activities and
carcinog
ens as w
ell as m
utag
ens
reduc
ed glutathione
lev
els in m
ouse
Nutr C
ancer 19
9625(2)205
ndash217
Ocimum
sanctum
Water and
aqu
eous
Albino mice
The
water extract w
as m
ore radio-
Dev
i PU G
anasou
ndari A R
adio-
etha
nolic
extract of
protective than
the
aqu
eous
protective effect of leaf extract on
Ocimum
sanctum
etha
nolic
extract and
less toxic
Indian med
icinal plant Ocimum
sanctum Indian J Exp
Biol 19
95
33(3)2
05ndash2
08
Ocimum
sanctum
Fresh leav
es of Ocimum
Albino rats
Sign
ifican
t redu
ction in serum
total
Sarkar A
et al Cha
nges in the bloo
d
sanctum
mixed
as 1 g
cholesterol triglyceride
s pho
spho
-lip
id profile after administration of
and 2 g in 10
0 g
lipid and
LDL a
nd significantly
Ocimum sanctum
(Tulsi) leav
es in the
of diet for 4 weeks
increa
sed H
DL and
total fecal
norm
al albino rabb
its Ind
ian J Ph
ysiol
sterol con
tents was obs
erve
d
Pha
rmacol 199
438
(4)3
11ndash3
12
Ocimum
sanctum
Ethan
olic extract of Ocimum
Mice with indu
ced
Sign
ifican
t redu
ction in tumor inc
iden
ce
Prasha
r R et al Che
mop
reve
ntive
sanctum
leav
es Top
ical
skin pap
illom
aav
erag
e nu
mbe
r of tumors
tumor-
action
by an
extract from Ocimum
administration
gene
sis
bearing mice an
d cumulative nu
mbe
r sanctum
on m
ouse skin pap
illom
a-of pap
illom
as w
as observe
d
gene
sis an
d its
enh
ancemen
t of skin
glutathion
e S-tans
ferase activity
and
acid solub
le sulfyd
ryl leve
l Anti-
canc
er D
rugs
199
45(5)567
ndash572
Ocimum
sanctum
Alcoh
olic extract of Ocimum
Diabe
tic rats
Marke
d lowering of blood
suga
r leve
l in
Cha
ttop
adhy
ay R
R Hyp
oglycemic
sanctum
leav
es admin-
norm
al gluco
se fed
hyp
erglyc
emic and
effect of Ocimum
sanctum
leaf
istered orally
streptozo
tocin induced diab
etic rats was
extract in normal and
strep
to-
noted T
he extract poten
tiated
action of
zotocin diabe
tic rats Indian
exog
enou
s insu
lin in no
rmal rats
JExp
Biol 19
9331(11
)891
ndash893
Ocimum
sanctum
Extract of Ocimum
Rats
The
extract red
uced ulcer index
free an
d
Man
dal S et al Ocimum
sanctum
sanctum
total acidity on
sho
rt-term and
lon
g-Linnmdash
A study on
gastric ulceration
term
administration
and gastric secretion
in rats Ind
JPhy
siol Pha
rmacol 199
337
(1)
91ndash9
2
(continued)
472
Ocimum
sanctum
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
d rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
sanctum
leav
es an
d Papaver
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
somnifera
seed
s sign
ifican
tly
Indian plan
t produc
ts Fo
od C
hem
asafoetida Moringa
inhibited neo
plasia alon
e The
seTox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
oleifera O
cimum
plan
ts m
ay prove
to be
valuab
lesanctum Papaver
anticarcinog
ens
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Ocimum
sanctum
Ethan
ol extract of the
Mice an
d rats
Ocimum
sanctum
extract was screene
d
Sakina
MR e
t al Pr
elim
inary
leav
es of Ocimum
for its effect on the central ne
rvou
s ps
ycho
pha
rmacolog
ical eva
luation
sanctum
system
Halop
eridol and
sulpride D
2 of Ocimum
sanctum
leaf ex
tract
receptor an
tago
nists whe
n give
n JE
thno
pharm 199
028
143
ndash150
with Ocimum
extract fully
block
ed
the effect of the latter sugg
esting
a po
ssible D
2 receptor mecha
nism
for Ocimum
extract
Ocimum
sanctum
Metha
nol ex
tract an
d an
Albino rats
The
results of the
study
sugg
est a
God
hwan
i S et al Ocimum
sanctum
mdashaq
ueo
us su
spen
sion
of
immuno
stim
ulant cap
ability for
A prelim
inary stud
y ev
aluating its
Ocimum
sanctum
leav
esOcimum
sanctum
that m
ay be
immuno
regu
latory profile in
contribu
tory in ex
plaining
the
albino
rats JEthn
opha
rmad
aptoge
nic action
of the plan
t19
882419
3ndash19
8Ocimum
sanctum
Metha
nol an
d aqu
eous
Rats an
d m
ice
Both ex
tracts inh
ibited
acu
te as well
God
hwan
i S et al Ocimum
sanctum
su
spen
sion
of Ocimum
as chr
onic inflammation in rats The
An ex
perim
ental study ev
alua
ting
sanctum
anti-inflammatory resp
onse of 50
0its an
ti-inflammatory ana
lgesic
mg
kg of metha
nol ex
tract an
dan
d antipyretic activity in animals
aque
ous su
spen
sion
was com
parab
leJE
thno
pharm 198
721
153
ndash163
to the
respon
se observe
d w
ith 30
0mg
kg of so
dium salicylate
Oryza sativaL
Oryza sativa-water
Rat m
odel of
All so
lution
s either decreased
cho
lera
Rolston
DD et al Fo
od-based
GRAMIN
EAE
Eleusine coracana
-secretory
toxin-induc
ed net w
ater secretion
solution
s are a viab
le alterna
tive
Sa
liwater Maranta
diarrh
ea(Maranta arundinacea) or rev
ersed it
to gluco
se-electrolyte solutions
for
Sali
arundinacea Cocos
to net absorption
Eleusine coracana
oral hyd
ration
in acute diarrho
eamdash
mucifera-w
ater W
HO-
water produc
ed m
axim
um net w
ater
Stud
ies in a rat m
odel of secretory
oral reh
ydration
abso
rption
significantly greater tha
ndiarrho
ea Trans
R Soc
Trop M
edso
lution
(ORS)
the W
HO-O
RS
Hyg
iene
199
084
(1)1
56ndash1
59
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
473
Oryza sativa
Water extract of Oryza
Mice
The
extract significantly red
uced the
Hikino H et al Isolation an
d hyp
o-sativa
bran
IP
plasma su
gar leve
l Fraction
ation an
dglyc
emic activity of oryza
bran
s A
administration
mon
itoring the activity of furn
ishe
dB C an
d D
glyc
ans of Oryza sativa
4 glyc
ans oryza
-brans
A B
C an
d D
bran
Plan
ta M
ed 198
854
1ndash3
resu
lted
The
se polysacch
arides
exerted marke
d hyp
oglycemic effects
in normal and
ind
uced hy
perglyc
emic
mice
Oryza sativa
Rice pow
der
Con
trolled
Rice po
wder oral rehy
dration
solution
Moh
an M
et al Rice pow
der
ORS co
mpa
red to
rand
omized
is safe effective
and
an acceptable
oral reh
ydration
solution
as an
stan
dard gluco
se-
trial 50
male
altern
ative to stand
ard W
HO gluco
se-
altern
ative to gluco
se electrolyte
electrolyte
child
ren
electrolyte so
lution
for the
treatmen
tso
lution
Indian JM
ed R
es 198
8of acu
te diarrhe
a in infan
ts and
87234
ndash239
ch
ildren
Paederia foetidaL
Butano
l fraction
of a
Rats
The
extract produ
ced a significant
De S et al Inv
estiga
tion
of the an
ti-
RUBIACEAE
metha
nol ex
tract of the
inhibition
of gran
ulation
tissu
e for-
inflam
matory effects of Paederia
Prada
rini
defatted lea
ves of
mation in cotton-pe
llet im
plan
ted rats
foetida J Ethno
pha
rm 199
443
(1)
Chine
se flower
Paederia foetida 100
and inh
ibited
the
eleva
tion
of seru
m31
ndash38
plant
and 20
0 mg
kg IP
orosom
ucold lev
els R
esults indicate a
injection daily for 7 day
sration
al for the
use of the ex
tract to
trea
t inflam
matory disorders
Paederia foetida
Water soluble fraction
Rats an
d m
ice
Anti-inflam
matory activity obs
erve
dSing
h S et al Anti-inflam
matory
of Paederia foetida
in ind
uced
edem
a in rats an
d m
ice
activity of Paederia foetida
also in long
-term m
odels of adjuva
ntFitoterapia 199
464
(4)3
57ndash3
62
and formaldeh
yde arthritis
Paederia foetida
Dried
unripe fruit pow
der
Ran
dom
ized
Treatmen
t with all these plan
ts did not
Haide
r R et al Eva
luation of ind
ige-
of Aegle marmelos dried
dou
ble-blind
show
any
clin
ical improve
men
t or
nous plants in the
treatmen
t of
pow
der plant of
clinical trial
bacteriological cu
re as compared
to
acute sh
igellosis Trop Geo
gr M
ed
Hydrocotyle asiatica
82 m
en w
ith
ampicillin
1991
43(3)266
ndash270
dried
pow
der of
shigellosis
Paederia foetida
Peucedanum
Peucedanum graveolensan
dHum
an con
sump-
Loc
ally grown food
was studied for
Desai S et al Com
pen
dium of
graveolens
(L)
Chenopodium
album
astion
its
b-caroten
e co
nten
t to preve
ntdietary sou
rces of vitamin A
in the
CB Clarke
a food
sou
rce
nutritiona
l blindne
ss W
omen
of west
Tha
r desert Indian JO
phtha
lmol
UMBELLIFERAE
Rajasthan
were interviewed
to
1992
40(4)106
ndash108
Misroya
determine co
mmon
dietary items O
fSa
tapu
shpi
food
s selected
on
ly Peucedanum
Indian dill
graveolens
and Chenopodium
album
at 100
g provided
RDA for a 1ndash3
-ye
ar-old-child
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plan
ts significantly inh
ibited
the
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of som
e Indian
Roy
le ex Ben
th
Picrorhiza kurrooa
carcinog
en och
ratoxin-indu
ced
herbs on
macroph
age func
tion
s SC
ROPH
ULA
RIA
CEA
ETinospora cordifolia
supp
ression of che
motactic activity
in och
ratoxin A treated
mice J
Katula K
atki
Withania somnifera
and the
produc
tion
of interleu
kin-1
Ethno
pha
rm 199
758
15ndash
20
Kuru
and TNF-
aby
macroph
ages
(continued)
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
erglye
mic
Herba
l form
ulation
had
little effect on
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
sanctum Picrorhiza
rats
bloo
d suga
r co
ncen
trations
but dos
esTrasina
an Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
induced a dose-related decrease in
form
ulation
on pa
ncreatic islet
cordifolia W
ithania
STZ hyp
erglyc
emia an
d atten
uation
superox
ide dismutase activity in
somniferaDoses 100
of STZ ind
uced a decrease in islet
hyperglyc
aemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
200 mg
kg PO
13su
peroxide dismutase activity in
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
per day
for 28 day
seu
glyc
aemic rats
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
(12
mg
kg P
O)
Rats
After exp
osur
e to alcoh
ol Picroliv
Rastogi R
et al Picroliv
protects
an iridoid glyco
side
reduced the
deg
ree of cha
nge in m
ost
agains
t alco
hol-induced chron
ic
fraction
of Picrorrhiza
of the
param
eters induced by alco
hol
hepatotox
icity in rats Planta Med
kurrooa
1996
62(3)283
ndash285
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroside 1 an
d 2
Ran
dom
ized
The
present study ha
s sh
own a
Vaidya
AB e
t al Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picrorhiza kurrooaroot
dou
ble-blind
biolog
ical plausibility of efficacy of
(Kutaki) Roy
le ex Ben
th as a
pow
der 375
mg 33
placebo
-Picrorhiza kurrooaas supp
orted by
hepatop
rotective ag
entmdash
per day
was given
for
controlle
dclinical trial in viral he
patitis
Exp
erim
ental amp
clinical studies J
2 weeks
(n
515
) or a
trial patients
hepatop
rotection in animal m
odel
Postgrad
Med
199
642
(4)1
05ndash108
match
ing placebo
with acute
and an ap
proach for stan
dardizing
(n5
18)
viral he
patitis
extracts based
on picroside
con
tent
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were pr
ophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Proph
ylactic therap
y Boerhavia diffusa
septicemia
administered pos
tinfective
pr
einfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicem
ia in
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
Salmonella
sing
le and
multiple doses of ex
tract
mice with a trad
itiona
lly prescribe
d
Terminalia chebula
typhi
and had
a significant the
rape
utic
crude dru
g form
ulation JEthno
-Tinospora cordifolia
effect in reducing
sep
ticemia
pharm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aq
ueo
us alco
hol etha
nol
1 stock
solution
used
to prepare dilu
tion
sOral or sub
cutane
ous
administration
Picrorhiza kurrooa
50 ethan
olic extract
Exp
erim
ental
The
extract w
as fou
nd to stim
ulate
Sharma ML et al Immuno
stim
ulatory
Picrorhiza kurrooa
anim
als
cell-med
iated and
hum
oral
activity of Picrorhiza kurrooaleaf
doses ran
ged from 25ndash
compo
nents of the
immune
system as
extract J Ethno
pharm 199
441
(3)
200 mg
kgwell as pha
gocy
tosis
185ndash
192
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv Iridoid glyco
side
Rats
Picroliv
can
rev
erse D-galactosamine- or
Dwived
i Y et al Perfusion
with
fraction
of Picrorhiza
thioacetam
ide-induced he
patic dam
age
picroliv rev
erses bioc
hemical
kurrooa
chan
ges induced in liv
ers of rats
474
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
toxicated w
ith ga
lactos
amine
or thioc
etam
ide Planta Med
199
359
(5)4
18ndash4
20
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Picroliv w
as given
to aflatoxin B1 toxicated
Dwived
i Y e
t al Picroliv
protects
fraction
of Picrorhiza
rats the
majority of the
bioch
emical
against aflatoxin B1
acu
tehe
patotox-
kurrooa25
mg
kg for 7
and histological ch
ange
s were sign
ifican
tly
icity in rats Pha
rmacol R
es
day
sprotected
19
9327(2)189
ndash199
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Mice
Picroliv significantly inc
reased
immuno
-Pu
ri A
et al Im
mun
ostimulan
t fraction
of Picrorhiza
stim
ulant activity
activity of Picroliv
the
iridoid
kurrooa 10
mg
kg
glyc
oside fraction
of Picrorhiza
for 7 da
yskurrooa and
its protective action
ag
ains
t Leish
man
ia don
ovan
i infection in ham
sters Planta Med
1992
58(6)528
ndash532
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Sign
ifican
tly pr
even
ted bioch
emical
Dwided
i Y e
t al Picroliv and
its
fraction
of Picrorhiza
chan
ges in liver and
serum of
compon
ents kutkoside an
dkurrooa12
mg
kg for
galactos
amine-toxicated rats
picroside I protect liver aga
inst
7 day
sga
lactos
amine-induced da
mag
ein rats Pha
rmacol Tox
icol
1992
71(5)383
ndash387
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Pretreatmen
t with picroliv preve
nted
the
Ans
ari RA et al Antihep
atotox
ic
fraction
of Picrorhiza
hepatotox
ic effect of paracetam
ol and
properties of picroliv
and
active
kurrooa6ndash
12 m
gkg
galactos
amine as eviden
ced by va
riou
s fraction
from rhizo
mes of Picrorhiza
bioc
hemical and
histopatho
logic
kurrooa JEthno
pha
rm 199
134
ob
servations
61ndash6
8Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Whe
n picroliv w
as administered w
ith
Dwived
i Y e
t al Picroliv
protects
fraction
of Picrorhiza
mon
ocrotalin
e alterations
in most of
agains
t mon
ocrotalin
e-induced
kurrooa25
mg
kgthe bioc
hemical param
eters alon
ghe
patic dam
age in rats Pha
rmacol
with histop
atho
logic ch
ange
s in
Res 199
123
(4)3
99ndash4
07
liver cau
sed by mon
ocrotolin
e were
preve
nted
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats an
d guine
a Picroliv sho
wed
a dose-dep
enden
tSh
ukla S et al C
holeretic effect of
fraction
of Picrorhiza
pigs
choleretic effect an
d possessed
aprico
liv the
princ
iple of he
pato-
kurrooa15ndash12
mg
kgmarke
d anticho
lestatic effect ag
ains
tprotective Picrorhiza kurrooa
paracetam
ol- an
d ethyn
ylestrad
iol-
Planta Med
199
157
(1)2
9ndash33
induc
ed cho
lestasis Picroliv
was
found
to be
more po
tent tha
nsilymarin
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Picroliv preve
nted
most of the
Dwived
i Y e
t al Picroliv
affords
fraction
of Picrorhiza
bioc
hemical cha
nges ind
uced
by
protection ag
ains
t thioacetam
ide-
kurrooa12
5ndash1
2 mg
kgthiocetamide in liver and
serum
induc
ed hep
atic dam
age in rats
Picroliv
was fou
nd to be
com
parab
lePlanta Med
199
157
(1)2
5ndash28
to sily
marin
475
(continued)
Picrorhiza kurrooa
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sha
rma RK Man
agem
ent of
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica Patients with
cong
estive
cardiac failure w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic heart disease
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
card
iomyo
pathy
and
cor pulmon
ale
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash1
26
Cedrus deodara
were give
n pow
der of Inula
Picrorhiza kurrooa
racemosa
while patients with
Terminalia chebula
rheu
matic heart disease w
ere give
nTinospora cordifolia
Commiphora mukul After 2 w
eeks
Trichosantes lobata
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Inula racemosa2 g 8
completely 2 had
bradyc
ardia a
ndho
urly Commiphora
2 were refractory
mukul1
2 g 8 ho
urly
Urgenic indica10
0 mg
8 ho
urly
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picrolex
Hum
an trial
Vitiligo
cau
ses pigmen
tary disfigu
re-
Bed
i KL e
t al Picrorhiza kurrooa an
30 patients
men
t of the
skin due to defective
Ayu
rved
ic herb m
ay poten
tiate
ages 6ndash4
2func
tion
ing of m
elan
ocytes A
ll patients
pho
toch
emothe
rapy in vitiligo
J
resp
onded
to treatm
ent with picrolex
Ethno
pharm 198
927
(3)3
47ndash3
52
except 3
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Pow
dered
tub
erou
s root
Prelm
inary
Picrorhiza kurrooain bronc
hial asthm
a Rajaram
D A
prelim
inary clinical
of Picrorhiza kurrooa
clinical trial
show
ed tha
t of 36 pa
tien
ts 1
9 patients
trial of Picrorhiza kurrooain
75 m
g 23
per day
36 patients
had goo
d relief 9 sh
owed
satisfactory
bron
chial asthma Bom
bay Hosp
relie
f an
d 8 had
no relie
fJ1
97618
(2)6
6ndash69
Piper longum
L
Pippali Rasay
ana an
Con
trolled
Com
plete disap
pearan
ce of Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al Man
agem
ent of
PIPERACEAE
Ayu
rved
ic dru
gclinical trial
from
stools in 23
25 patients resu
lted
giardiasis by
a herba
l dru
g lsquoPippali
Pipali
prep
ared
from Butea
25 patients
Symptom
s of ill he
alth a
bdom
inal
Rasay
anarsquo A clin
ical study J
Lon
g pe
ppe
rmonospermastem
s an
dwith giardiasis
disco
mfort pr
esen
ce of muc
us pu
s cells
Ethno
pharm 199
756
(3)2
33ndash2
36
leav
es and
Piper longum
25 con
trols
and red
blood
cells w
as significantly
dried
fruits A
dministered
reduced Sp
ontane
ous reco
very in 20
at 1 g orally
33
per day
of the
cases w
as recorded
in placebo
for 15
day
sco
ntrol
Piper longum
Fruits of Piper longum
Rat
The
ethan
olic extract and
piperine
Gho
shal S e
t al Antiamoe
bic activity
etha
nol ex
tract an
dcu
red 90
and
40
of rats w
ith
of Piper longum
fruits aga
inst
piperine a pure
caecal amoe
biasis resp
ective
ly
Entam
oeba
histolytica in vitro an
d
compou
nd from the
vivo
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
650
(3)
plan
t16
7ndash17
0
476
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Piper longum
Rats fed for 8 w
eeks
the
Rat
Com
mon
spices or their active
princ
iples
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
follo
wing plants
were ex
amined
for the
ir pos
sible
dietary spices or the
ir active
Brassica species
influen
ce on the digestive
enz
ymes of
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes of
Capsicum annum
intestinal m
uco
sa Dietary curcumin
small intestinal m
ucosa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
caps
aicin piperine and
ginge
r prominen
tly
Int J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash59
Curcuma longa Ferula
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
foetida Piper longum
also the
disacch
aridases sucrase an
d
Piper nigrum
maltase D
ietary cum
in fenu
greek
Trigonella foenum-
mustard and
asafoetida brou
ght ab
out
graecum Zingiber
decreases in the leve
ls of pho
spha
tases
officinale
and suc
rase The
pos
itive influen
ces of
a go
od num
ber of spices on these term
inal
enzy
mes of the digestive
process cou
ld
be an ad
ditiona
l featur
e of species that
are ge
nerally
well recogn
ized
to
stim
ulate digestion
Piper longum
Pippali Rasay
ana
Two grou
ps
Mice infected
with Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al Man
agem
ent of
prep
ared
from Butea
of m
ice with
trop
hozo
ites produc
ed up to 98
giardiasis by an
immun
omod
ulatory
monospermastem
s an
da co
ntrol
reco
very from the
infection
he
rbal dru
g Pippa
li rasaya
na
leav
es and
Piper longum
JEthno
pha
rm 199
444
(3)1
43ndash1
46
dried
fru
its ad
ministered
orally
Piper longum
Piperine an active
Mice
The
princ
iple exerted
significant protec-
Kou
l IB K
apil A E
valuation of the
alka
loidal con
stituen
t of
tion
aga
inst ind
uced
hep
atox
icity
liver protective of piperine an
the ex
tract from
Piper
by decreasing bo
th in vitroan
d in
active
princ
iple of black an
d lon
g longum
and Piper
vivo
lipid perox
idation decreasing
pep
pers Planta Med
199
359
(5)
nigrum
enzy
matic lea
kage
an
d by preve
nting
413ndash
417
dep
letion
of GSH
and
total thiols
Piper longum
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
d rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
sanctum
Aru
na K
Siva
ramak
rish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
leav
es a
nd Papaver somnifera
seed
s Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian plant products Foo
d C
hem
asafoetida M
oringa
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
oleifera Ocimum
be valuab
le anticarcino
gens
sanctum Papaver
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Piper longum
Mixture of Glycyrrhiza
Rats
Duo
den
al ulcerated
rats trea
ted w
ith the
Nad
ar TS Pillai M
M Effect of
glabra Terminalia
mixture recov
ered
faster with co
ncom
itan
t Ayu
rved
ic m
edicines on be
ta-
chebula Piper longum
increa
se in
b-glucu
ronidase activity in the
glucu
ronidase activity of Bru
nnerrsquos
Bru
nnerrsquos gland
glan
ds during
recov
ery from
cy
stea
mine induced duod
enal
ulcers in rats Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
1989
27(11
)959
ndash962
477
(continued)
Piper longum
Spice princ
iples cap
saicin
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
liver
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
curcum
in pipe
rine
Plants
microso
mal cytoc
hrom
e P4
50-dep
enden
t of spices and
pice princ
iples on
Brassica Cinnamomum
aryl hyd
roxy
lase Cum
inum
cyminum
he
patic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
Zingiber officinalean
d Trigonella foenum-
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
cyminum
Ferula foetida
graecum
also stimulated
the
lev
els of
Bioph
ys 198
926
(4)2
54ndash2
58
Tamarindus indica
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
Trigonella foenum-graecum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
Zingiber officinale
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Piper longum
Eithe
r sing
le oral dose
Crossov
er trial
Results obtaine
d rev
ealed tha
t a sing
leBan
o G et al Effect of piperine on
(300
mg) of phe
nytoin
5 he
althy
daily dose of piperine for 7 day
spha
rmok
inetics of phe
nytoin in
alon
e or in co
mbina
tion
vo
lunteers
sign
ifican
tly reduced the
absorption
healthy vo
lunteers P
lanta Med
with multiple dos
es of
half-life prolong
ed the
elim
ination
19875356
8ndash56
9piperine
half-life and
produc
ed a significantly
high
er area und
er the
dru
g conc
en-
tration cu
rve of phe
nytoin in co
mpa
r-ison
to phe
nytoin alone
Piper longum
Piper longum Piper nigrum
Rats
Piperine increased the
blood
lev
els of
Atal CK e
t al Scientific eviden
ce on
and Zingiber officinale
vasicine
by ne
arly 233
Und
er the
the role of Ayu
rved
ic herba
ls on
influen
ce of piperine the
active
bioa
vaila
bility of dru
gs J
princ
iple of Pipersp
ecies sparteine
Ethno
pharm 198
14(2)229
ndash232
bloo
d lev
els increa
sed more than
100
Piper nigrum
L
Rats were fed the
following
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Sriniva
san K Influen
ce of
PIPERACEAE
plan
ts for 8 w
eeks
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or the
ir active
Maricha
Brassicasp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes of
Black pep
per
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
uco
sa D
ietary
small intestinal m
ucosa in rats Int
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcumin capsaicin p
iperine an
dJ Fo
od Sci N
utr 199
547
(1)5
5ndash59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprom
inen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases sucrase an
dTrigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species and
Ferula foetidabrou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
478
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
pho
spha
tases an
d su
crase T
hepositive influe
nces of a go
od numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
Piper nigrum
Piperine an active
Mice
The
princ
iple exe
rted
significant
Kou
l IB K
apil A E
valuation of the
alka
loidal con
stituen
t of
protection ag
ains
t indu
ced hep
atox
icity
liver protective of piperine an
the extract from
Piper
by decreasing bo
th in vitroan
d in
active
princ
iple of black an
d lon
g longum
and Piper
vivo
lipid perox
idation decreasing
pep
pers Planta Med
199
359
(5)
nigrum
enzy
matic leaka
ge an
d by preve
nting
413ndash
417
dep
letion
of GSH
and
total thiols
Piper nigrum
Piperine safrol an
d tan
nic
Mice
Safrol and
tan
nic acid w
ere weak
Wrba H e
t al Carcino
genicity
acid con
stituen
ts of Piper
carcinog
ens co
mpared
with methy
l-testing of som
e co
nstituen
ts of
nigrum
cholan
threne
tha
t was used as a
black pep
per (Piper nigrum) Exp
carcinog
enic con
trol substanc
e Force
Tox
icol Patho
l 19
9244(2)61ndash
65
feed
ing of d-lim
onen
e (a pep
per
terp
enoid) reduced the
ir carcino
genic
activity w
hile force feeding of
piperine (a black pep
per alkaloid) was
ineffective
Piper nigrum
Piperine a m
ajor
Rats
The
alkaloid poten
tiated
pen
toba
rbiton
e Mujumdar A
M e
t al Effect of
alka
loid iso
lated
sleeping time w
ith pea
k effects at 30
piperine on
pen
toba
rbiton
e from
Piper nigrum
minutes Blood
and
brain lev
els were
induced hyp
nosis in rats Ind
ian
high
er in piperine trea
ted animals
JExp
Biol 19
9028(5)486
ndash487
Piperine-treated rats treated
lon
g-term
with ph
enob
arbitone
significantly
poten
tiated
phe
noba
rbiton
e sleeping
time co
mpa
red to co
ntrols
Piper nigrum
Piper nigrum
fruit
Albino rats
A dose-dep
enden
t statistically
significant
Tripathi P et al Thy
roge
nic resp
onse
alco
holic
extract
enha
ncem
ent of the
tissu
e-ox
ygen
uptake
of Piper nigrum Fitoterapia 198
9was observe
d The
perox
idase activity
LX(6)5
39ndash5
42
in the
thy
roid tissu
e increa
sed at the
dose of 40 mg an
d 80 mg
kg Plasma
triio
dothy
ronine
and
thy
roxine
lev
els
were dos
e-dep
enden
t an
d significantly
increa
sed com
pared
to co
ntrols
Piper nigrum
Sing
le oral dose (300
mg)
Crossov
er trial
Results obtaine
d rev
ealed single daily
Ban
o G et al Effect of piperine on
of phe
nytoin alone
or in
5 he
althy
dose of piperine for 7 day
spha
rmok
inetics of phe
nytoin in
combina
tion
with multiple
volunteers
sign
ifican
tly decreased
the
abs
orption
healthy vo
lunteers P
lanta Med
doses of piperine
half-life prolong
ed the
elim
ination
19875356
8ndash56
9ha
lf-life and
produc
ed a significantly
high
er area und
er the
dru
gco
ncen
tration cu
rve of phe
nytoin in
compa
rison to phe
nytoin alone
479
(continued)
Piper nigrum
Piper nigrum
pow
der in
Hum
anResults sho
wed
Piper nigrum
powder
Desai H
G Kalro R
H Effect of black
doses of 02 04 gh
trial 20
doe
s no
t dam
age the hu
man
gastric
pep
per and
asafoetida on
the
DNA
and Ferula foetidain
healthy
muco
sa w
hereas Ferula foetidadoe
sco
nten
t of gastric asp
irates Ind
doses of 01 02 and
04
human
based on
the
rate of exfoliation
of the
JMed
Res 198
581
325
ndash329
g
h on
different day
svo
lunteers
surface ep
ithe
lial cells
of hu
man
gastric muc
osa
Piper nigrum
Piper longum Piper
Rats
Piperine increased the
blood
lev
els of
Atal CK e
t al Scientific eviden
ce on
nigrum
and Zingiber
vasicine
by ne
arly 233
Und
er the
the role of Ayu
rved
ic herba
ls on
officinale
influen
ce of piperine the
active
bioa
vaila
bility of dru
gs J Ethno
-princ
iple of Piper
species spa
rteine
pha
rm 198
14(2)229
ndash232
bloo
d lev
els increa
sed m
ore than
100
Prunus amygdalus
25 g almon
d seed and
Albino
Rab
bits sho
wed
a definite hy
pog
lycemic
Teo
tia S Singh
M H
ypog
lycemic
Batsch
its pr
oportion
ate
rabb
its
action
during
the
2-m
onth study
effect of Prunus amygdalusseed
s ROSA
CEAE
fraction
s 122 g defatted
in albino rabb
its Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
Bad
ama
seed
and
128 g oil
1997
35(3)295
ndash296
Alm
ond
Prunus amygdalus
Brassica rapa Prunus
Animals
All these plan
ts sho
wed
no toxicity
Quresh
i S et al Stud
ies on
herba
l amygdalus and
Zingiber
during
acu
te tox
icity tests A
ll plant
aphr
odisiacs used in Arab system
officinale
extracts significantly inc
reased
the
of m
edicine A
m J C
lin M
ed 1989
sperm m
otility and
spe
rm con
tents in
17(1ndash2
)57ndash
63
the ep
ididym
ides and
vas deferen
switho
ut pr
oduc
ing sp
ermatotox
iceffect
Pueraria tuberosa
DC
Butano
l extracts of
Rats
The
butano
l ex
tract ap
pears to be
Shukla S T
oxilo
gical studies of
LEGUMIN
OSA
EPueraria tuberosa
gene
rally
safe in rats at the
se acu
tePueraria tuberosa a po
tent anti-
Vidari
Dose of 150
mg
kgan
d sub
acute dos
age regimen
sfertility plant Int J Pha
rmacog
nosy
Vidari
administered for 6 1
2
1995
33(4)324
ndash329
18 an
d 24 day
sPueraria tuberosa
Butano
lic extracts of
Rats
Administration caused a sign
ifican
tSh
ukla S et al B
utano
lic extract of
Pueraria tuberosa
increa
se in the glyc
ogen
con
tents
Pueraria tuberosa
DC Ph
ysiological
protein con
centration
activity of acid
resp
onse in the ge
nital tract of
and alkaline ph
ospha
tase and
total
cyclic fem
ale rats P
hytother R
es
cholesterol in the
ova
ry uterus
1989
3(1)5
ndash10
cervix an
d vag
ina A
dministration
480
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
caus
ed m
etap
lastic cha
nges in
cervical epithe
lium w
ith marke
dke
ratinization
and
provo
ked
corn
ification in vag
inal epithe
lium
The
se cha
nges hav
e be
en correlated
with an
ti-implan
tation
action of the
butano
lic extract
Pueraria tuberosa
Butano
lic extracts of
Rats
Bioch
emical findings
supp
orted by
Shukla S et al P
hysiolog
y an
d bio-
Pueraria tuberosa
the histolog
ical observa
tion
s furthe
rch
emistry of fem
ale ge
nital tract of
confirm the
extroge
nic mod
e of action
ovariectom
ized
rats trea
ted w
ith
of the
butano
lic extract of Pueraria
butano
lic extract of Pueraria tuberosa
tuberosa
in adult ov
ariectom
ized
rats
Fitoterapia 1987LVII(1)9
ndash22
Pueraria tuberosa
Tube
rs of Pueraria
Rats m
ice and
Fraction
s of Pueraria tuberosa
possessed
Prak
ash AO et al Con
tracep
tive
tuberosa
hamsters
sign
ifican
t estrog
enic activity
poten
cy of Pueraria tuberosa
DC
and its hormon
al status A
cta Eur
Fertil 19
8516(1)59ndash
65
Pueraria tuberosa
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plants sh
owed
marke
d but
Prak
ash AO et al Anti-im
plan
tation
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of so
me indigen
ous plan
tsAdhatoda vasica
anti-implan
tation
activity
in rats A
cta Eur Fe
rtil 19
8516(6)
Citrulus colocynthus
441ndash44
8Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
Pueraria tuberosa
Cru
de pow
der pe
troleu
m
Rats
To study the co
ntraceptive
poten
cy of
Mathu
r R e
t al Effect of Pueraria
ethe
r an
d ben
zene
and
the ex
tract pe
troleu
m ether and
tuberosa
DC on the oe
strous cy
cle
etha
nolic
extracts of
benz
ene ex
tracts trans
form
ed the
of adult rats A
cta Eur Fertil 19
84
Pueraria tuberosa
diestru
s ph
ase into a prolong
ed15
(5)3
93ndash3
94
corn
ified stage
and
persisted
until the
last day
of treatm
ent The
cru
de
pow
der an
d ethan
olic extract also
induced cornification
but after day
thirteen
the
cornified
stage
cha
nged
to
the diestru
s stag
e
481
(continued)
Pueraria tuberosa
100 mg pue
raria for 2
Prosp
ective
Patients were trea
ted w
ith pue
raria for
Xiuxian
G Xiuqin L Rad
ix puerarie
years
coho
rt study
2 ye
ars The
ove
rall effective rate
in m
igraine C
hin Med
J19
7992(4)
53 patients
(migraine sy
mptoms reduced) was
260ndash
262
with migraine
83 w
itho
ut side effects
head
ache
s
Punica granatum
L
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plants sh
owed
marke
d bu
tPraka
sh A
O et al Anti-im
plantation
PUNIC
ACEAE
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of some indigen
ous plants
Dad
ima
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implan
tation
activity
in rats A
cta Eur
Fertil 19
8516(6)
Pomeg
rana
teCitrulus colocynthus
441ndash
448
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
Randia dumetorum
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plants sh
owed
marke
d bu
tPraka
sh A
O et al Anti-im
plantation
(Retz) Lam
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of some indigen
ous plants
RUBIA
CEAE
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implan
tation
activity
in rats A
cta Eur
Fertil 19
8516(6)
Mad
ana
Citrulus colocynthus
441ndash
448
Emetic nut
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
482
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Raphanus sativus L
Semipurified
dietary
Rats
The
effects of the three dietary fiber
Sann
oumaru Y et al Effects of
CRUCIFERAE
fibe
r (D
F) from
prepa
ration
s on
fecal steroid
semi-pu
rified
dietary fibers isolated
Moo
laka
Lagenaria siceraria
excretions
som
ewha
t differed
from
Lagenaria siceraria Raphanus
Rad
ish
Raphanus sativusan
ddep
ending on
the
dietary factors Fu
r-sativusan
d Lentinus edodes
on
Lentinus edodes
ther studies are warranted
to ex
amine
fecal steroid excretion
s in rats
continuo
usly for a total
if the
inten
se respon
se of the
JNutr Sci V
itam
inol (Tok
yo) 19
96
of 7 w
eeks
litho
cholicdeo
xych
olic acid ratio to
42(2)9
7ndash11
0the tested
dietary fiber preparations
and fat in the present study will also
be sho
wn in other dietary fibers
Raphanus sativus
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally dosed
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used Ind
ian
of pow
dered
plant m
aterial
the plants were stud
ied in rats for 10
abortifacien
t plants with sp
ecial
Adhatoda vasica A
brus
day
s after insemination with sp
ecial
referenc
e to the
ir teratolog
ic effects
precatorius Acacia arabica
referenc
e to effects of fetal
in rats J Ethno
pha
rm 199
236
Aloe barbadensis Anethum
dev
elop
men
t Leaf extracts of
147ndash
154
sowa Apium
petroselinium
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
Banbusa arundensis
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
Blepharis edulis Butea
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
monosperma Hibiscus
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
sativum M
esua ferrea
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
Moringa oleifera Mucuna
at the
dos
es tested
pruriens Raphanus
sativus Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
Raphanus sativus
Daucus carota
and Raphanus
Hum
an trial
Con
sumption
of plant products (rad
ish
Sivu
k AK Effect of plant produc
ts of
sativustops
75 g
d for
and carrot tops) for as long
as 28
day
s nu
trition (rad
ish an
d carrot tops
) as lon
g as 28 day
sdid not produce any
adve
rse ch
ange
s on
various
indicators of metab
olism
in the
protein fat a
nd carbo
hydrate
in human
s [R
ussian
] Kosm Biol
metab
olic param
eters ex
amined
Aviak
osm M
ed 198
923
(2)5
6ndash59
Rheum
emodi
Chine
se herba
l dru
g R
heum
Con
trolled clin
ical
Album
in significantly inc
reased
Zha
ng JH e
t al Clin
ical effects of
Wallic
hE and
or C
aptopr
il an
trial 30
patients
during
the
follow-up pe
riod
in trea
ted
Rhe
um and
Cap
topril on
preve
nting
POLYGONACEAE
angioten
sin co
nverting
12
con
trols
patients before more marke
d in bo
thprogression
of ch
ronic rena
l failu
re
Amlauetasa
enzy
me on
chr
onic
Rhe
um E and
Rhe
um E 1
Cap
topril
Chine
se M
ed J 199
010
3(10
)788
ndash793
Indian rhuba
rbrena
l failu
regrou
ps It w
as con
cluded
tha
t long
-term
oral low-dose Rhe
um E
is
bene
ficial to ch
ronic rena
l failu
re The
effect is be
tter tha
n that of Cap
topr
ilThe
reg
ime of R
heum
e E and
Cap
topr
ilis a preferable ch
oice in the long
-term
treatm
ent for preve
nting progression
483
(continued)
Ricinus communis
L
Leav
es of Ricinus communis
8 sh
eep and
Clin
ical patho
logy
in sh
eep w
asBez
erra M
JG B
rito M
F Exp
erim
ental
EUPH
ORBIA
CEAE
Administered orally
to
6 go
ats
characterized by ne
uromuscular
poiso
ning
of sh
eep an
d goa
ts by
Erand
a
4 sh
eep at 20 g
kg
disturban
ces su
ch as un
stea
dy ga
itthe leav
es Ricinus communis
Castor oil plan
t4 sh
eep at 30 g
kg
and slig
ht instability Three she
ep tha
t(Eup
horbiaceae
) Pe
squisa Veterin
3 go
ats 30
gk
g 35 g
kg
received
30 g
kg died In go
ats
Brasileira 19
9515(3)27ndash
34
3 sh
eep 40
gk
gsymptoms were discrete A
ll go
ats
reco
vered No sign
ifican
t macroscop
ic or
microscop
ic alterations
were seen
in
three sh
eep tha
t died
Ricinus communis
05
Ricinus communis
Brown Hisex
Symptom
s lesions
an
d cha
nges in
El-Bad
wi SM
A et al Com
parative
seed
of 05
Jatropha
chicks
grow
th h
ematolog
y an
d clin
ical
toxicity of Ricinus communis
and
curcas
seed
chem
istry were inve
stigated
High
Jatropha curcasin Brown Hisex
mortality an
d m
ore seve
re cha
nges
chicks
Deu
tche
Tieraerztlic
he
occu
rred
in ch
icks on Ricinus
diet
Woc
hens
chrift 199
510
2(2)75ndash
77
than
Jatrophafeed
Ricinus communis
Lectins Arachis
Con
trolled hum
anDolichos biflorus Glycine max Lotus
Maz
umdar S B
inding pa
ttern of
hypogaea D
olichos
trial 11
with
tetragonolobus Ricinus communis
eigh
t different lectins
in he
althy
biflorus Glycine max
norm
al oral
Ulex europaeussh
owed
very strong
subjects and
patients with
dys
plastic
Lotus tetragonolobus
muco
sa 5
with
to stron
g bind
ing in hea
lthy
oral
and m
aligna
nt lesions
of the oral
Ricinus communis U
lex
leuko
plak
ia w
ith
muc
osa bu
t no
or ve
ry w
eak bind
ing
cavity Int J O
ral Max
illofacial Su
rgeuropaeus
conc
anav
alin
dys
plasia 1
2 in squ
amou
s cell carcinom
a O
ther
1993
22(5)301
ndash305
A whe
at germ
with
oral muc
osal
lectins inve
stigated
may
be used as
squam
ous cell
probe
s to determine the dysplastic and
carcinom
a maligna
nt status of the
oral muc
osal
epithe
lium
Ricinus communis
Ricin o
ral dos
age of
Rats
Rats intoxicated orally
with ricin sh
owed
Ishigu
ro M
et al B
ioch
emical studies
30 m
gkg
clear sign
s of sickn
ess an
d all died w
ithin
of oral toxicity of ricin I R
icin
36 hou
rs
administered orally
can
impa
irsu
gar ab
sorp
tion
by rat sm
all
intestine C
hem Pha
rm Bull 19
83
31(9)3
222ndash
3227
Rubia cordifolia
L
An an
titumor sub
stan
ce
Clin
ical trial
Cha
nges in card
iac func
tion
were no
ted
Yoshida F et al Stud
y of cardiac
RUBIA
CEAE
RA-700
isolated from
pha
se I
in both grou
ps Sev
eral cardiac param
eters
func
tion
in first stag
e ex
amination
Man
jista
Rubia akane
or Rubia
neop
lastic
tend
ed to be
more ex
trem
e in group 2
of R
A-700
RA-700
Clin
ical Study
484
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Indian mad
der
cordifolia
grou
p 1
patien
tsBecau
se of the sm
all sample no relatio
nship
Group [Jap
anese] Gan
To Kag
aku
injected
onc
e with RA-
betw
een the ch
ange
s in cardiac func
tion
Ryo
ho 199
421
(2)1
99ndash2
07
700 group
2 injected
and injection
dos
es of RA-700
can
be mad
eRA-700
for 5
cons
ecutive
day
sRubia cordifolia
RA-700
iso
lated from Rubia
Clin
ical trial
The
max
imum
tolerated
dose was 14
Majim
a H e
t al Ph
ase I Stud
y of
akaneor Rubia cordifolia
ph
ase I 14
mg
m2for the 5-day
sch
edule
RA-700
RA-700
Clin
ical Study
02ndash14 mg
m2in single IV
patien
tsad
ministration
Group [Jap
anese] Gan
To
dose 04ndash2
0 m
gm
2in
Kag
aku Ryo
ho 199
320
(1)6
7ndash78
5 day
IV doses
Rubia cordifolia
RA-700
a cy
clic hex
apep
tide
Mice
The
antitum
or activity of R
A-700
was
Kato T et al Antitum
or activity an
d
isolated
from Rubia cordifolia
simila
r to tha
t of deo
xybo
uva
rdin and
toxicity in mice of R
A-700
a cy
clic
was com
pared
with deo
xy-
vinc
ristine ag
ains
t P3
88 leu
kemia
hexa
pep
tide A
ntican
cer Res 198
77
bouva
rdin and
vincristine
(3 Pt B)329
ndash334
Rubia cordifolia
Cyclic
hexap
eptides (RA-V
II
Mice
Stud
ies sh
owed
pep
tide
s ex
hibited
Itok
awa H e
t al Isolation an
d
RA-V
RA-IV and
RA-III)
sign
ifican
t activity aga
inst leu
kemias
antitumor activity of cyc
lic
isolated
from Rubia
and ascites tumors P-388
L1210
B-
hexa
pep
tides isolated from
cordifolia
16 m
elan
oma an
d solid tum
ors colon
Rubis Rad
ix Che
m Pha
rm Bull
38 L
ewis lung
carcino
ma an
d Ehr
lich
1984
32(1)284
ndash290
carcinom
a R
A-V
had
an espe
cially
poten
t effect on MM2 mam
mary
carcinom
aSalvadora persica L
Extracts of Salvadora persica
Ran
dom
ized
(Abs
tract no
t av
ailable)
Quinlan R et al A study co
mparing
SALVADORACEAE
controlle
d trial
the efficacy
of a toothp
aste con
tain-
Pilu
ing extract of Salvadora persica
with
aPeelu
stan
dard fluoride toothp
aste NZ
Soc Periodon
tal 19
94777ndash
14
Salvadora persica
Roo
ts of the Arak tree
Com
parative
The
frequ
ent us
e of lsquoMiswak
rsquo was
al-K
hateeb
TL et al P
eriodon
tal
Salvadora persica
human
study
associated
with a lower need for
trea
tmen
t ne
eds am
ong Sa
udi
480 ad
ults
periodon
tal care
Arabian
adu
lts and
the
ir relationship
to the
use of the Miswak
Com
-mun
ity D
ent Hea
lth 19
918(4)
323ndash
328
Salvadora persica
Extracts of Salvadora persica
Mice
Mice injected
with Salvadora persica
Sulaim
an M
I et al Effects of
extracts sho
wed
a significant decrease
Salvadora persicaex
tracts on mice
in exp
loratory loc
omotor activity
exploratory loc
omotion activities
param
eters
J Ethno
pha
rm 198
617
(3)2
63ndash2
68
Santalum
album
L
Sand
al w
ood oil 5 in
Mice
Sand
alwoo
d oil trea
tmen
t sign
ifican
tly
Dwived
i C A
bu-G
haza
leh A C
hemo-
SANTALACEAE
aceton
e from
Santalum
reduc
ed pap
illom
a inciden
ce by 67
preve
ntive effects of san
dalwoo
d
Cha
ndan
amalbum
multiplic
ity by
96
an
d ind
uced
oil on
skin pa
pillo
mas in mice Eur
White San
dalwoo
dornithine decarbo
xylase activity
JCan
cer Pr
ev 199
76(4)399
ndash401
by
70
Oil may
be an
effective
che
mo-
preve
ntive ag
ent ag
ains
t sk
in can
cer
485
(continued)
Santalum
album
Embelia ribes Glycyrrhiza
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
glabra Holarrhena
rand
omized
administered different herba
l mixtures
applic
ations
of he
rbal formulations
antidysenterica
comparative
Successful treatm
ents in grou
ps A and
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Nardostachys jatamansi
study 49
B prove
d effective
aga
inst both inflam
-rand
omized
com
parative
study
Phyllanthus emblica
adolescent
matory (pim
ples) an
d non
inflam
matory
JMed
icinal A
romatic Plant Sci
Santalum
album
to you
ng(black
head
s an
d othe
r co
med
ones)
1997
1941
4ndash41
8Terminalia bellirica
adults w
ith
lesion
s T
he treatmen
t pr
eparations
rsquo Terminalia chebula
mild
to
mecha
nism
s of action remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
mod
erate
facial acn
eSantalum
album
Ban
gshil prep
aration contains
Hum
an trial
Ban
gshil was administered to 35 patients to
Sharma BP G
oswam
i P U
rina
ry tract
Asp
haltum 6
0 mg
35 patients
treat urina
ry tract infection
Bacteriolog
ic
infection an
d its m
anag
emen
t by
Balsamodendron mukul
cure w
as obtaine
d in 889
and
sym
pto-
bang
shil A
ryav
aidya
n 19
958(4)
40 m
g Ferrisu
lphu
ratum
matic relief in 824
21
2ndash21
530 m
g K
asisa bh
asma 60
mg Bambu manna12
mg
Tin Bha
sma
Sand
alwoo
d oil 5 m
gSantalum
album
Santalum
album
oil Oral
Swiss albino
mice
A significant enh
ancemen
t of glutathione
-Ba
nerje
e S et al M
odulatory influen
ce
feed
ing each
day
with
S-tran
sferase activity and
acid soluble
of san
dalwoo
d oil on
mou
se
5 an
d 15
mL san
dalwoo
dsu
lphy
dryl leve
ls w
as noted
The
he
patic glutathione
S-trans
ferase
oil for 10
and
20 day
spossible ch
emop
reve
ntive action
of
activ
ity and
acid soluble su
lphy
dryl
oil on
carcino
gene
sis may
be due to a
leve
l Can
cer Lett 19
9368(2ndash
3)
bloc
king
mecha
nism
10
5ndash10
9
Saraca indicaL
(-)-ep
icatechin an extract
Mice
Papillom
a form
ation was inh
ibited
by
Vargh
ese CD e
t al E
ffect of asoka
LEGUMIN
OSA
Efrom
bark of Saraca indica
topical ap
plic
ation of extract
on the
intracellu
lar glutathion
e leve
lsAsoka
Top
ical app
lication an
d
Oral ad
ministration sign
ifican
tly
and skin tumor promotion in m
ice
Asoka
tree
oral adm
inistration of
restricted
tum
or growth
Can
cer Lett 19
9369(1)45ndash
50100 mg
kg w
eigh
tSaussurea lappa
Saussurea lappa-50
0 mg
Hum
an trial 4
0 A significant cha
nge in fasting
blood
sug
ar
Sing
h DC Sh
arma BP M
anag
emen
t (D
ecne
) CB
capsu
les 23
per day
patien
tsbe
fore versu
s after treatm
ent with bo
th
of m
adhu
meh
a (Diabetes mellitus)
Clarke
and Pterocarpus marsupium
plants was noted
by
ind
igen
ous dru
gs-bija
yasar an
dCOMPO
SITAE
100-mL decoc
tion
23
kustha
Aryav
aidy
an 19904(1)21ndash23
Kus
htha
per day
both for 30
day
sCostus
486
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Saussurea lappa
Saussurea lappaan
d Inula
Clin
ical study
In stable an
gina
pectoris patients
Dwived
i S et al Role of Inula
racemosacrude root
60 patients
Saussurea lappareduc
ed the
racemosaan
d Saussurea lappa
in
powder
freq
uen
cy of an
gina
(20
) bu
t did not
man
agem
ent of A
ngina Pectoris
produce any
other cha
nges Inula
Int JC
rude Dru
g Res 198
927
(4)
racemosa was sho
wn to pos
sess
217ndash
222
sign
ifican
t an
tian
gina
l prope
rty It
lowered
diastolic blood
pressure
plasm
a co
rtisol a
nd catecho
lamines
Saussurea lappa
Seve
ral fraction
s Saussurea
Various an
imals
Some of lactone
fractions
and
delactonize
dGup
ta O
P G
hatak BJR P
harm
aco-
lapparoot oil were
oil exhibit hy
poten
sive
sp
amolytic and
logical inve
stigations
on Saussurea
inve
stigated
bron
chod
ilatory effects n
o an
titussive
lappa(C
larke) Indian JM
ed R
esactivity w
as detected w
ith an
y fraction
19
6755(10
)107
8ndash10
83
but a slight diuretic pr
operty obs
erve
d
Sesamum
indicum
L
Rats fed a diet that differed
Rats
Sesamin-feeding sign
ifican
tly
Kam
al-Eldin A
et al Se
samin (a
PEDALIA
CEAE
only in their co
nten
ts of
increa
sed g-toc
ophe
rol an
dco
mpou
nd from sesam
e oil)
Tila
sesamin 0 025 05 1
0
g
a-toc
ophe
rol ratios
in
increa
ses toco
pherol lev
els in
Sesame
20 and
40 gk
gplasm
a liver an
d lung
s Sug
gested
rats fed
ad libitum L
ipids 19
95
bioa
vaila
bility of
g-toc
ophe
rol is
30(6)4
99ndash5
05
enha
nced
in ph
enol-con
taining diets
compared
with pu
rified
diets
Sesamum
indicum
Sesame flow
ers co
llected
at
Case stud
ies
Sesame flow
ers used to treat com
mon
Wan
g HT T
reatmen
t of com
mon
daw
n whe
n dew
on plant
250 cases of
wart 228 cu
red and
22 im
prove
dwart with sesame flow
ers Bull
Flow
ers rubb
ed on wart
common
wart
(100
respon
se rate) One
-yea
rChin Mat M
ed 198
914
(6)3
56
33pe
r day
follo
w-up of 217
resulted in an
effective rate of 97
2
Sida cordifolia
L
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of the
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used
MALVACEAE
of pow
dered
plant m
aterial
dosed
plants were stud
ied in rats for 10 day
s Indian ab
ortifacien
t plan
ts w
ith
Bala
Adhatoda vasica A
brus
after insemination with sp
ecial referenc
e sp
ecial r
eferen
ce to their teratologic
Cou
ntry m
allow
precatorius Acacia arabica
to effects of fetal dev
elop
men
t Leaf
effects in rats J Ethno
pharm
Aloe barbadensis Anethum
extracts of Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
1992
3614
7ndash15
4sowa Apium
petroselinium
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
Banbusa arundensis
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
Blepharis edulis Butea
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
monosperma Hibiscus
arabicaan
d Hisiscus rosa-sinensis
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
appe
ared
to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
sativum M
esua ferrea
at the
dos
es tested
Moringa oleifera M
ucuna
pruriens Raphanus
sativus Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
487
(continued)
Solanum nigrum
L
Solanum nigrum
as a foo
dCon
trolled trial
Esopha
geal can
cer pa
tien
ts w
ith
Sammon
AM A
case-control stud
y SO
LANACEAE
100 with
extens
ive inqu
iries into diet an
d soc
ial
of diet an
d soc
ial factors in can
cer
Kak
amachi
esop
hage
alha
bits w
as studied Sign
ifican
t risk
of the
esoph
agus
in Trans
kei Can
cer
Black
nightsh
ade
canc
er 1
00factors foun
d w
ere use of Solanum
1992
69(4)860
ndash865
co
ntrols
nigrum
as a foo
d sm
oking and
use of
trad
itiona
l med
icines
Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum
(aerial parts)
Rats
Solanum nigrum
reduced ulcer ind
exAkh
tar MS M
unir M
Eva
luation of
pow
der and
its m
etha
nolic
sign
ifican
tly The
activity may
be due
the ga
tric antiulcerog
enic effects
extract
to inh
ibition of acid and
pep
sin
of Solanum
nigrum Brassica oleracea
secretions
and
or their in vitro
ability
and Ocimum
basilicum in rats J
to bind
Ethno
pharm 198
927
(1ndash2
)163
ndash176
Strychnos nux vomica
Cru
de alkoloid fraction of
Mice
Administration dem
onstrated antinoc
i-Cai B et al Processing of nux vo
mia
L
Strychnos nux-vomica
ceptive
effects of the alka
loid
VII A
ntinoc
icep
tive
effects of
STRYCHNACEAE
crude
alkaloids from
seeds of
Kup
ilu
Strychnos nux vomicain m
ice Biol
Nux
vom
ica
Pha
rm Bull 19
9619(1)127
ndash131
Strychnos nux vomica
Strych
nine
dose 032
Case
Non
ketotic hy
perglycinem
ia w
asW
arbu
rton
D e
t al N
onke
totic
hyp
er-
mg
kgd
stud
ies
diagn
osed
The
rapy
with strych
nine
glyc
emia Effects of therap
y with
infant twins
resu
lted
in a grea
t reduction in C
SFstrych
nine
Am JDis C
hildr 19
80
and plasm
a glyc
ine leve
ls improve
-13
4(3)273
ndash275
men
t in m
uscle tone
resp
iration
and ability to suck
Strychnos nux vomica
Strych
nine
nitrate daily
Case studies
The
rapeu
tic failu
re proba
bly indicated
von Wen
dt L e
t al Fa
ilure of
dosag
e of 02ndash0
9 m
gkg
3 infants
that strychn
ine trea
tmen
t doe
s no
tstrych
nine
treatmen
t during
the
solve the therap
eutic pr
oblems of
neon
atal period in three Finn
ish
seve
re forms of non
ketotic
child
ren with no
nketotic hyp
er-
hyperglyc
inem
ia
glyc
inem
ia Pe
diatrics 19
8065(6)
1166
ndash116
9Swertia chirata
Swertia chiratain doses of
Albino rats
Hep
atop
rotective effect of Swertia
Mukh
erjee S et al Hep
atop
rotective
(Wall) C
B
20 5
0 100 m
gkg
bod
y chiratawas studied T
reatmen
t with
effect of Swertia chirataon
rat
Clarke
weigh
tSwertia chirata
and C
Cl4 cau
sed
Ind JExp
Biol 19
9735(4)384
ndash388
GENTIA
NACEAE
improve
men
t at both bioc
hemical and
Kirata tikta
histop
atho
logic param
eters ve
rsus
Chireta
CCl4 treatmen
t alon
e The
most effec-
tive
dose was 50 mg
kg bod
y weigh
t
488
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Swertia chirata
Aqu
eous ex
tract of Swertia
Rats
Swertia chirataex
hibited significant
Islam C
N e
t al Pr
elim
inary studies
chiratatotal xa
ntho
nes
antiinflam
matory activity Swertia
on the
antiin
flam
mtory effects of
prep
ared
from plant aerial
chiratawas fou
nd less effective
Swertia chiratain albino rats Ind
ian
parts O
ral dos
e 50
mg
kg
compared
with stan
dard
J Ph
armacol 199
527
(1)3
7ndash39
bo
dy weigh
tan
tiinflam
matory dru
gs
Swertia chirata
Ethan
olic extract of Swertia
Rats
The
extract significantly red
uced the
Rafatullah S et al P
rotective effect of
chirata
intens
ity of gastric m
uco
sal da
mag
eSwertia chirataag
ains
t indom
etha
cin
produc
ed a significant decrease in
and othe
r ulcerog
enic age
nt-
gastric secretion and
pretrea
tmen
tinduc
ed gastric ulcers D
rugs
Exp
sign
ifican
tly preve
nted
ind
uced
Clin
Res 199
319
(2)6
9ndash73
ga
stric wall mucu
s dep
letion
and
restored
the
non
-protein sulfhyd
ryl
conten
t in gland
ular stom
achs
The
find
ings sup
port the
use of Swertia
chiratafor the trea
tmen
t of gastric
ulcer
Swertia chirata
Two capsu
les of 450
mg
20 case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a
each
Coccinia indica
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
ncomposite he
rbal dru
g in the
Cum
inum
cyminum
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
strea
tmen
t of Diabetes mellitus
Eugenia jambolana
(Mad
humeh
a) Aryav
aidya
n Gymnema sylvestre
19915(1)3
6ndash46
Momordica charantia
Phyllanthus niruri
Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Swertia chirata
95 ethan
ol extract and
Rats
The
optim
um dose (250
mg
kg) pr
oduced
Seka
r BC et al Effect of different
four
fractions
of Swertia
a sign
ifican
t decrease of blood
sug
arfraction
s of Swertia chirayitaon
chirata O
ral dose at 250
in fed
glucose-loa
ded
an
d tolbu
tamide-
the bloo
d sug
ar lev
el of albino
rats
mg
kgpretrea
ted animal m
odels but no
t in
JEthno
pha
rm 198
721
175
ndash181
fasted
rats
Syzgium aromaticum
Hot w
ater extracts of Geum
Mice
Anti-cy
tomeg
alov
irus (C
MV) activity
Yuk
awa TA et al Proph
ylactic
(L) Merr amp
LM
japonicum Rhus javanica
in vivowas exa
mined
Geum japonicum
trea
tmen
t of cytom
egalov
irus
Perry
Syzgium aromaticum
Syzygium
aromaticum
an
d Terminalia
infection with trad
itiona
l he
rbs
MYRTACEAE
and Terminalia chebula
chebulasign
ifican
tly su
ppressed
CMV
Antiviral R
es 199
632
(2)6
3ndash70
Lav
anga
yields in lung
s of treated
mice co
mpa
red
Dev
apus
pa
with water-treated
mice
Clove
Syzygium
Geum japonicum
Rhus
Mice
Extracts sho
wed
significant antiherpes
Kur
okaw
a M e
t al Efficacy of
aromaticum
javanica Syzgium
simplex
virus
typ
e I activity Extracts
trad
itiona
l he
rbal m
edicines in co
m-
aromaticum
Terminalia
limited
dev
elop
men
t of skin lesion
s bina
tion
with acyc
lovir ag
ains
t chebula
Acy
clov
ir
ando
r pr
olon
ged m
ean su
rvival
herpes sim
plex virus
typ
e 1 infection
andor herba
l ex
tract
times of infected
mice co
mpared
in vitro and
in vivo
Antiviral R
es
administered
with bo
th A
cyclov
ir and
the
herba
l19
9527(1ndash
2)19ndash
37
extract alon
e
489
(continued)
Tamarindus indica L
Tam
arindus fruit extract
Hum
an trial
A statistically significant inc
rease in
Mustap
ha A
et al Effect of
LEGUMIN
OSA
E6 he
althy
plasm
a leve
ls of aspirin an
d salic
yclic
Tamarindus indica
L on
the
bio-
Amlik
a vo
lunteers
acid w
as noted
whe
n a mea
lav
ailability of asp
irin in he
althy
Tam
arind
containing
tam
arind fru
it extract w
ashu
man
volunteers Eur
J D
rug
administered w
ith aspirin tab
lets
Met Pha
rm 199
621
(3)2
23ndash2
26
take
n und
er a fasting
state
Tamarindus indica
Tam
arind seed
Mice
The
results dem
onstrated tha
t tamarind
Sano
M e
t al Lack of carcino
genicity
polysaccha
ride
seed
polys
acch
aride is not carcino
genic
of tam
arind seed polys
acch
aride
in B6C
3F1 mice of eithe
r ge
nder
in B6C
3F1 mice Foo
d Che
m Tox
icol
1996
34(5)463
ndash467
Tamarindus indica
Seed
s of Delonix regia
Mice an
d rats
Acu
te tox
icity test of water extracts of
Kad
iri M e
t al Tox
icolog
ical screen-
Cassia tora Sesbania
the five
leg
umes produced no visible
ing of som
e Nigerian wild
leg
umes
sesban Crotalaria
side effects Inc
reased
weigh
ts w
ere a
Rev
ista de Biologia Tropical
naragutensis
resu
lt as co
mpa
red to co
ntrols fed
1995
44(1)269
ndash274
Tamarindus indica
distille
d w
ater S
imila
r resu
lts were
obtained
in prolon
ged tox
icity
screen
ing
Tamarindus indica
Thr
ee Sud
anese
Hum
an trial
The
results indicate a statistically
Mah
mou
d BM e
t al S
ignific
ant reduc
-be
verage
s Aradaib
healthy males
sign
ifican
t de
crea
se in the AUC and
tion
in ch
loroqu
ine bioa
vaila
bility
(Tamarindus indica)
Cmax
of chloroq
uine
as a resu
lt of a
follo
wing co
administration with
Karka
di (Hibiscus
coad
ministration with Tamarindus
the Su
dan
ese be
verage
s Aradaib
sabdarifa
) an
d lem
onindica A
parallel decrease in the
Karka
di and
Lem
on J Antim
icrob
(Citrus lim
etta) with 60
0dru
grsquos an
timalarial efficacy m
ight be
Che
mothe
r 19
9433(5)100
5ndash10
09
mg ch
loroqu
ine
expe
cted
Tamarindus indica
Extracts leav
es of
Hum
an trial
Top
ical app
lication resu
lted
in us
ers
Fabiyi JP e
t al Traditiona
l therap
y Adansonia digitata
human
s with
perceived
relief of pain accelerated
of dracu
nculia
sis in the
state
Calotropis procera
guinea w
orms
expu
lsion of w
orms and
a faster
of Bau
chi-Nigeria [Fren
ch] Dak
arMoringa oleifera
healing process
Med
199
338
(2)1
93ndash1
95
Tamarindus indica
Ziziphus jaozeiro
Tamarindus indica
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants did not sho
w any
cho
lesterol
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K E
ffect of
zeylanica Cum
inum
decreasing effect w
hen include
d in the
cumin cinn
amon
ging
er m
ustard
cyminum
Zingiber
norm
al and
hyp
erch
olesterolemia-
and tam
arind in induc
ed hyp
er-
officinale
induc
ing diet at abo
ut five
fold normal
cholesterolemic rats N
ahru
ng 199
1hu
man
intak
e leve
l35
(1)4
7ndash51
490
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Tamarindus indica
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Influen
ce
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
cyminum
Ferula
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepa
tic mixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
foetida Tamarindus
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
indica Trigonella
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 19
8926(4)254
ndash258
foenum
-graecum
graecum
also stimulated the
lev
els of
Zingiber officinale
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Taraxacum
officinale
Herb infusion
s of Verbena
Rats
Main ur
olithiasis risk factors were
Grases F et al U
rolithiasis and
W
eber ex
officinalis Lithospermum
evaluated
Ben
eficial effects caused
phy
totherap
y Int U
rol Nep
hrol
FH W
igg
officinale Taraxacum
by herb infusion
s can be
attribu
ted to
1994
26(5)507
ndash511
COMPO
SITAE
officinale Equisetum
a disinfectan
t action
possibly to the
Dugh
a feni
arvense Aarctostaphylos
presenc
e of sap
onins
Dan
delion
uva ursi Arctium
lappa
Silene saxifraga
Taraxacum
Six kind
s of C
hine
seSc
ald m
ice
Polygonum
cuspidatum Taraxacum
officinale
Luo
ZH The
use of Chine
se
officinale
trad
itiona
l he
rbs
and Oidenlandia diffusa show
ed improve
dtrad
itiona
l med
icine to improve
im
paired immune
func
tion
effects in scald
impaired immune
func
tion
s in
mide Effects
varied
according to the
scald m
ice [C
hine
se] Chu
ng H
ua
dosag
e of the
dru
gs
Che
ng H
sing
Sha
o Sh
ang W
ai K
o Tsa C
hih 19
939(1)5
6ndash58
Taraxacum
Twelve
plants ad
ministered
Mice
Of the 12
plants us
ed for the
traditiona
lSw
anston
-Flatt SK et al Glycaem
ic
officinale
as decoction
s or infusion
s
treatm
ent of diabe
tes Agaricus bisporus
effects of traditiona
l Eur
opea
n 28 day
s Agaricus bisporus
and Ilex guayusash
owed
poten
tial anti-
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
Anacardium occidentale
diabe
tic effect
Studies in normal and
Arctum lappa Catharanthus
streptozo
tocin diabe
tic mice
roseus D
aucus carota
Diabe
tes Res 198
910
(2)6
9ndash73
Hum
ulus lupulus Ilex
guayusa Salvia officinale
Sambucus nigra
Taraxacum
officinale
Trigonella foenum-
graecum U
rtica dioica
Taraxacum
Who
le d
ried
and
pow
dered
Rab
bits
Powders of both plants produced
Akh
tar MS et al E
ffects of Portulaca
officinale
plan
ts of Portulaca oleracae
sign
ifican
t hy
pog
lycemic effects in
oleracae
(Kulfa) and
Taraxacum
an
d Taraxacum
officinale
norm
al rab
bits but no
t in allo
xan-
officinale (D
hudha
l) in no
rmo-
treated rab
bits
glyc
aemic and
allo
xan-trea
ted
hype
rglycaem
ic rab
bits JPM
A J
Pak
Med
Assoc
198535
(7)
207ndash
210
491
(continued)
Taraxacum
Herb co
mbina
tion
of
Hum
an trial
As a resu
lt of the trea
tmen
t sp
ontane
ous
Cha
kurski I e
t al T
reatmen
t of
officinale
Calendula officinalis
24 patients
and palpab
le pains along
the
large
chronic co
litis w
ith an
herba
l Foeniculum
vulgare
with ch
ronic
intestine disap
peared in 95
83
co
mbina
tion
of Taraxacum
officinale
Hypericum
perforatum
nons
pecific
of the
patients by
the
15th day
of
Hipericum
perforatum Melissa
Melissa officinalis
colitis
their ad
mission
to the clinic and
officinalisCalendula officinalis
and
Taraxacum
officinale
treatm
ent with the he
rbal com
bina
tion
Foeniculum
vulgare
[Bulgarian]
Vutr Boles 198
120
(6)5
1ndash54
Tephrosia purpurea
Two caps
ules of 450
mg each
20
case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a
(L) Pe
rs
Coccinia indica Cum
inum
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
nco
mposite he
rbal d
rug in the
LEGUMIN
OSA
Ecyminum
Eugenia
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
strea
tmen
t of Diabetes mellitus
Sarapun
kha
jambolana Gymnema
(Mad
humeh
a) Aryav
aidya
n Purple Tep
hrosia
sylvestre Momordica
1991
5(1)3
6ndash46
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Terminalia arjuna
50 ethan
olic extract of
Rab
bits
Induced hyp
erlip
idem
ic rab
bits receive
d
Ram
A e
t al Hyp
ocho
lesterolae
mic
(Rox
b Ex DC)
Terminalia arjunatree
the ex
tract A significant decrease in
effects of Terminalia arjunatree
Wrigh
t amp
Arn
bark in doses of 10
0total ch
olesterol LDL and
LDLHDL
bark J Ethno
pharm 199
755
(3)
COMBRETACEAE
mg
kg and
500 m
gkg
ratio was dem
onstrated T
he extract did
165ndash
169
Arjuna
compared
to co
ntrols
not ad
versely effect bioch
emical tests
of liver rena
l func
tion
and
hem
atolog
ic
param
eters
Terminalia arjuna
Terminalia arjunaba
rkClin
ical ran
dom-
Terminalia arjunaco
mpa
red to placeb
o Bha
rani A
et al Sa
lutary effect of
500 mg 8 hou
rly
ized
con
trolled
therap
y was assoc
iated w
ith im
prove
-Terminalia arjunain patients with
dou
ble-blind
men
t in sym
ptoms an
d significant signs
seve
re refractory he
art failu
re
trial 12
with
of hea
rt failure On long
term eva
luation
Int JC
ardiol 19
9549(3)191
ndash199
co
ngestive
(pha
se II) p
atient con
tinu
ed to sh
owhe
art failu
re
improve
men
t in sym
ptoms signs
NYHA C
lass IV
effort toleran
ce an
d N
YHA class
Terminalia arjuna
Bark po
wder of
Hum
an trial 1
5Results sugg
est that m
onothe
rapy
Dwived
i S A
garw
al M
P A
nti-
Terminalia arjuna
stab
le and
with Terminalia arjunawas fairly
angina
l an
d cardioprotective
5 un
stab
leeffective in patients with symptom
s of
effects of Terminalia arjuna an
angina
patients
stab
le ang
ina pe
ctoris How
ever it
indigen
ous dru
g in co
rona
ry artery
has a lim
ited
role in uns
table an
gina
disea
se JA
ssoc
Phy
sician
s India
1994
42(4)287
ndash289
492
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Terminalia arjuna
Terminalia arjunaba
rkRab
bits
Rab
bits receiving
Terminalia arjunaalon
g Tiw
ari AK e
t al Effect of Terminalia
powder sus
pen
ded in
with a high
cho
lesterol diet sh
owed
arjuna
on lipid profiles of rab
bits
water in an
oral dose of
slow
er inc
rease in total cho
lestrol
fed hyp
erch
olesterolemic diet
250 mg
kg bod
y weigh
ttriglycerides and
no ch
ange
in HDL
Int JC
rude Res 199
028
(1)4
3ndash47
23
day
than
rab
bits receiving
only a high
ch
olesterol diet Hyp
erch
olesterolemic
rabb
its receiving Terminalia arjunash
owed
more marke
d decreases in total ch
olesterol
triglycerides a
nd an increase in HDL than
the hy
perch
olesterolemic con
trols
Terminalia arjuna
50 aqu
eous etha
nol
Rats
The
extracts show
ed resorptive activity but
Gupta DN e
t al Po
st coital
hexa
ne and
butan
ol and
were dev
oid of an
tiim
plan
tation
activity
contraceptive
efficacy of
2 flav
ones of Terminalia
Terminalia arjunain albino rats
arjuna
bark
Fitoterapia 198
0LX(3)2
75ndash2
76
Terminalia
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
bellirica
(Gaertn)
Glycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered different herba
l mixtures
applic
ations
of he
rbal formulations
Rox
bHolarrhena
comparative
Successful treatm
ents in grou
ps A and
B
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
COMBRETACEAE
antidysenterica
study 49
prove
d effective
aga
inst both inflam
matory
rand
omized
com
parative
study J
Vibhitaka
Bha
ira
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
(pim
ples) and
non
inflam
matory an
d
Med
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Belleric myrob
alan
Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngno
ninflammatory (black
head
s an
d other
414ndash
418
Santalum
album
ad
ults w
ith
comed
ones) lesion
s The
treatmen
t Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
s of action
Terminalia chebula
mod
erate
remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
facial acn
eTerminalia bellirica
Haritak
i Terminalia chebula
Rab
bits
Whe
n ch
olesterol was fed
to all grou
ps
Tha
kur CP e
t al The
Ayu
rved
ic
Emblica officinalis
leve
ls w
ere sign
ifican
tly reduced in
med
icines H
aritak
i Amla and
Terminalia bellirica
the three trea
tmen
t grou
ps than
Bah
ira reduce cho
lesterol-ind
uced
in the
con
trol group
The
sam
e was
athe
rosclerosis in rab
bits Int J
true for redu
ction in cho
lesterolem
ia
Cardiology
198821
(2)1
67ndash1
75
Terminalia bellirica
Oil ex
tract from
kerne
lsMice
Mice receiving either Terminalia
Dha
r HL et al Studies on
purgative
of Terminalia bellirica
bellirica
oil or castor oil ha
d usu
ally
action
of an
oil ob
tained
from
loose stoo
ls w
hereas animals give
nTerminalia belerica Ind
ian JM
ed
coco
nut oil ha
d normal stools R
esults
Res 196
857
(1)1
03ndash1
05
obtained
with castor oil an
d treated
grou
p (Terminalia bellirica) w
ere
sign
ifican
tTerminalia chebula
Embelia ribes Glycyrrhiza
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
Retz
glabra Holarrhena
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plic
ations
of he
rbal formulations
COMBRETACEAE
antidysenterica
comparative
mixtures Successful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Haritak
iNardostachys jatamansi
study 49
grou
ps A
and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative
study
Che
bulic
Phyllanthus emblica
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
JMed
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Myrob
alan
Santalum
album
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Terminalia bellirica
adults w
ith
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia chebula
mild
to
treatm
ent prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
sZingiber officinale
mod
erate
of action remain un
know
nfacial acn
e
493
(continued)
Terminalia chebula
Boerhavia diffusa
Golden
The
formulation
had
a m
axim
um cure
Sohn
i YR Bha
tt R
M Activity of a
Berberis aristata
hamsters
rate of 73
at a dose of 800
crude ex
tract form
ulation in
Tinospora cordifolia
with he
patic
mg
kg per day
in he
patic amoe
biasis
experim
ental he
patic amoe
biasis
Terminalia chebula
amoe
biasis
reduc
ing the av
erag
e deg
ree of
and in im
muno
mod
ulation stud
ies
Zingiber officinale
infection to 14 com
pared
to 42 for
J Ethno
pharm 199654
(2ndash3
)119
ndash124
Dried
and
pulverized
controls
plants ex
tracted in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually M
etronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
yTerminalia chebula
Hot w
ater extracts of
Mice
Anti-CMV activity in vivowas exa
mined
Yuka
wa TA e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic
Geum japonicum
Rhus
Geum japonicum
Syzygium aromaticum
trea
tmen
t of cytom
egalov
irus
javanica Syzygium
and Terminalia chebula
sign
ifican
tly
infection with trad
itiona
l he
rbs
aromaticum
an
dsu
ppr
essed C
MV yields in lun
gs of
Antiviral R
es 199
632
(2)6
3ndash70
Terminalia chebula
trea
ted m
ice compa
red w
ith water-
trea
ted m
ice
Terminalia chebula
Geum japonicum
Rhus
Mice
Extracts sh
owed
significant
Kur
okaw
a M e
t al Efficacy of
javanica Syzygium
antihe
rpes sim
plex
virus type I
trad
itiona
l he
rbal m
edicines in
aromaticum
Terminalia
activity E
xtracts lim
ited
combina
tion
with acyc
lovir ag
ains
t chebula
Acy
clov
irdev
elop
men
t of skin lesion
s an
dor
herp
es sim
plex
virus
typ
e 1
andor herba
l ex
tract
prolon
ged m
ean su
rvival tim
es of
infection in vitro and
in vivo
ad
ministered
infected
mice co
mpa
red w
ith bo
thAntiviral R
es 199
527
(1ndash2
)19ndash
37
Acy
clov
ir and
the
herba
l ex
tract alon
eTerminalia chebula
Boerhavia diffusa
Rats with caecal
Form
ulation ha
d a cur
ative rate of
Sohn
i YR e
t al T
he anti-am
oebic effect
Berberis aristata
amoe
biasis
89 w
ith av
erag
e deg
ree of infection
of a cru
de dru
g in formulation of
Tinospora cordifolia
(cae
cal am
oebiasis) (A
DI) red
uced
to
herbal extracts ag
ains
t Entam
oeba
Terminalia chebula
04 in a group
dosed
with 50
0 mg
kg
histolytica in vitro
and in vivo
Zingiber officinale
per day
as co
mpa
red w
ith ADI of 38
JEthno
pha
rm 1
99545
(1)4
3ndash52
Dried
and
pulverized
for co
ntrols
plants ex
tracted in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individu
ally M
etronidazole
administered as stan
dard
therap
y
494
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Terminalia chebula
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
iaad
ministered po
stinfective preinfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
Salmonella
sing
le a
nd m
ultiple doses of ex
tract an
d
in m
ice with a trad
itiona
llyTerminalia chebula
typhi
had a significant the
rape
utic effect in
prescribe
d crude dr
ug form
ulation
Tinospora cordifolia
reducing
sep
ticemia
JEthno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aque
ous alco
hol etha
nol
1 stock solution us
edto prepa
re dilu
tion
sOral or subc
utane
ous
administration
Terminalia chebula
A decoction
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoc
tion
Sati R
B Sha
rma RK Man
agem
ent
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica Patients with
of con
gestive card
iac failu
re
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic hea
rt disease
with certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
card
iomyo
pathy
and
cor pulmon
ale
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash1
26
Cedrus deodara
were give
n pow
der of Inula
Picrorhiza kurrooa
racemosa w
hile patients with
Terminalia chebula
rheu
matic hea
rt disease w
ere give
nTinospora cordifolia
Commiphora mukul After two weeks
Trichosantes lobata
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Inula racemosa2 g 8
completely 2 had
bradyc
ardia a
ndho
urly Commiphora
2 were refractory
mukul1
2 g 8
hourly Urgenic indica
100 mg 8 hou
rly
Terminalia chebula
Mixture of Glycyrrhiza
Rats
Duo
den
al ulcerated
rats trea
ted w
ith
Nad
ar TS Pillai M
M Effect of
glabra Terminalia
the mixture recov
ered
faster with
Ayu
rved
ic m
edicines on be
ta-
chebula Piper longum
conc
omitan
t increase in
b-
glucu
ronidase activity of Bru
nnerrsquos
glucu
ronidase activity in the
glan
ds dur
ing reco
very from
Bru
nnerrsquos gland
cysteamine induc
ed duo
den
al ulcers
in rats Ind
ian JE
xp Biol 19
8927(11)
959ndash
962
Terminalia chebula
Haritak
i Terminalia
Rab
bits
Whe
n ch
olesterol was fed
to all
Tha
kur CP e
t al The
Ayu
rved
ic
chebula Emblica
grou
ps lev
els were sign
ifican
tly
med
icines H
aritak
i Amla and
officinalis Terminalia
reduced in the three trea
tmen
t grou
psBah
ira reduce cho
lesterol-ind
uced
bellirica
than
in the co
ntrol grou
p T
he sam
e was
athe
rosclerosis in rab
bits Int J
true for reduc
tion
in ch
olesterolemia
Cardiol 19
8821(2)167
ndash175
Terminalia chebula
Thr
ee plants lack
ing
Feed
ing trials in
All plan
ts produc
ed hep
atic lesions
Arseculeratne SN
et al Studies of
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
rats
that inc
luded
cen
tral vein
med
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Aegle marmelos
abno
rmalities Terminalia chebula
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eHemidesmus indicus
and Withania somnifera
prod
uced
trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs J
Terminalia chebula
mark rena
l lesion
sEthno
pharm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
Withania somnifera
495
(continued)
Tinospora
Each tablet con
tains 10
039
patients with
Prepa
ration
was eva
luated
for clin
ical
Ran
i PU
Naidu UR S
ubjective an
dcordifolia
Miers
mg of alcoh
olic extract
insomnia
efficacy
and
safety in ins
omnia by
polyso
mno
grap
hic ev
aluation of
MENISPE
RMACEAE
of roo
t of Rauwolfia
subjective
and
polys
omno
grap
hic
a he
rbal prepa
ration
in insomnia
Guduc
hiserpentina
100 m
g of
metho
d The
prepa
ration
produc
edPh
ytom
edicine 1998
5(4)2
53ndash2
57
Guduc
hirhizom
e pow
der of
sign
ifican
t im
prov
emen
t in sleep
Nardostachys jatamansi
parameters The
preparation did not
and 100
mg aq
ueo
us
prod
uce any
feelin
g of han
gove
r or
extract of roo
t stem
day
tim
e sleeplessne
ss 11
patients
leaf of Tinospora
complaine
d of mild
epiga
stric distress
cordifolia
2 tablets at
after the test dru
g It can be
con
clud
edbe
dtime for 21
day
sthe pr
eparation ha
d goo
d hyp
notic
activity and
can
be used in inso
mnia
Tinospora
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
erglyc
emic
The
herba
l form
ulation
had
little
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
cordifolia
sanctum Picrorhiza
rats
effect on bloo
d suga
r conc
entrations
Trasina
an Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
but dos
es ind
uced a dos
e-related
form
ulation
on pa
ncreatic islet
cordifolia Withania
decrease in STZ hyp
erglyc
emia and
superox
ide dismutase activity in
somniferaDoses 100
attenu
ation of STZ ind
uced a decrease
hyperglyc
aemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
200 mg
kg PO
in islet supe
roxide dismutase activity in
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
13
per day
for 28 day
seu
glyc
aemic rats
Tinospora
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plants sign
ifican
tly inhibited the
carci-
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of so
me Indian
cordifolia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
noge
n oc
hratox
in-ind
uced supp
ression of
herbs on
macropha
ge fun
ctions
in
Tinospora cordifolia
chem
otactic activity and
the
production
ochratox
in A
treated
mice J
Withania somnifera
of interleukin-1 an
d tumor necrosis
Ethno
pharm 199
758
15ndash
20
factor or TNF-
aby
macropha
ges
Tinospora
Boerhavia diffusa
Golden
ham
sters
The
formulation ha
d a m
axim
um cure
Sohn
i YR B
hatt R
M Activity of a
cordifolia
Berberis aristata
with he
patic
rate of 73 at a dose of 800
mg
kg
crude ex
tract form
ulation in
Tinospora cordifolia
amoe
biasis
per day
in he
patic amoe
biasis
expe
rimen
tal he
patic am
oebiasis
Terminalia chebula
reducing
the
ave
rage
deg
ree of
and in im
muno
mod
ulation studies
Zingiber officinale D
ried
infection to 14 com
pared
to 42 for
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
654
(2ndash3
)119
ndash124
an
d pulverized
plants
controls
extracted in etha
nol
toge
ther and
ind
ividua
lly
Metronidaz
ole ad
ministered
as stand
ard the
rapy
496
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Tinospora
Boerhavia diffusa
Rats with caecal
Form
ulation
had
a curative
rate of
Sohn
i YR e
t al T
he antiamoe
bic effect
cordifolia
Berberis aristata
amoe
biasis
89 w
ith av
erag
e deg
ree of infection
of a cru
de dru
g in formulation
of
Tinospora cordifolia
(caecal am
oebiasis) (A
DI) red
uced to
herbal extracts ag
ains
t Entam
oeba
Terminalia chebula
04 in a group dos
ed w
ith 50
0histolytica in vitro
and in vivo J
Zingiber officinale
mg
kg per day
as co
mpa
red w
ith ADI
Ethno
pharm 199
545
(1)4
3ndash52
Dried
and
pulverized
of 38 for con
trols
plan
ts extracted
in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually
Metronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
yTinospora
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically admin-
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
cordifolia
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
ia from
istered postinfective
pr
einfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Salmonella typhi
sing
le a
nd m
ultiple doses of ex
tract
in m
ice with a trad
itiona
llyTerminalia chebula
and had
a significant the
rapeu
tic
prescribe
d crude dru
g form
ulation
Tinospora cordifolia
effect in reduc
ing septicemia
JEthno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aq
ueo
us alcoho
l etha
nol
1 stock
solution
used
to prepa
re dilu
tion
sOral or subc
utane
ous
administration
Tinospora
Alcoh
olic extracts of the
Rats
In rat brains Tinospora cordifolia
was
Sarm
a DNK et al Effect of Tinospora
cordifolia
roots of Tinospora
found
to po
ssess no
rmalizing activity
cordifolia
on brain neu
rotran
smitters
cordifolia
against stress-ind
uced cha
nges in
in stressed rats Fitoterap
ia 199
5no
repinep
hrine dop
amine
66(5)4
21ndash4
22
5-hy
droxy
tryp
tamine an
d 5-
hydroxy
indolea
cetic acid lev
els
Tinospora
Tinospora cordifolia
Rats
Treatmen
t with Tinospora cordifolia
Nag
arka
tti DS et al Mod
ulation of
cordifolia
indicated
a significant impr
ovem
ent
Kup
ffer cell activity by Tinospora
in K
upffer cell func
tion
and
a trend
cordifolia
in liver dam
age J
towards no
rmalization
Postgrad M
ed 199
440
(2)6
5ndash67
Tinospora
Tinospora cordifolia
16Ran
dom
ized
Septicemia did not occur in the
Reg
e N e
t al Im
mun
othe
rapy with
cordifolia
mg
kg per day
orally
controlle
dtrea
ted group as op
posed
to 50
in
Tinospora cordifolia
a new
lea
d in
trial 30
with
the untreated
group Pos
toperative
the man
agem
ent of obs
tructive
maligna
ntsu
rvival rate was 40
versu
s 92
4
jaun
dice Ind
ian JG
astroe
nterol
obstru
ctive
in untreated
versu
s trea
ted group
199312(1)5ndash8
jaund
ice
resp
ective
ly Tinospora cordifolia
appe
ared
to im
prove
surgical outcom
eby
stren
gthe
ning
host de
fens
es
497
(continued)
Tinospora cordifolia
Aqu
eous alcoho
lic a
ndAllo
xan-diabe
tic
The
extract exe
rted
a significant
Wad
ood N
et al Effect of Tinospora
chloroform
extracts of
rabb
its
hypo
glyc
emic effect in normal and
cordifolia
on blood
gluco
se and
leav
es of Tinospora cordifolia
alloxa
n-treated rabb
its Tinospora
total lip
id lev
els of normal and
Dose 50 100
150
and
cordifolia
had an insu
lin-like action
alloxa
n-diabe
tic rabb
its Planta Med
200 mg
kg bod
y weigh
tan
d can
significantly decrease bloo
d19
9258(2)131
ndash136
glucose but no
t total lip
id lev
els in
norm
al and
allo
xan-trea
ted rab
bits
Tinospora cordifolia
1 caps
ule 3
3pe
r day
with
30 patients with
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
luke
warm w
ater
calculi on
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
composite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs o
n containing
Asparagus
kidne
ys ureters
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus 5
0 mg
blad
ders
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n 19
92
Bergenia ligulata
100
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
6(2)104
ndash108
mg Eclipta alba
100
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
mg Myristica fragrans
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
10 m
g Tinospora
grea
ter than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
cordifolia1
00 m
gTribulus terrestris50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gTinospora
cordifolia
Pretreatm
ent of m
ice
Mice
Pretreatmen
t with Tinospora cordifolia
Tha
tte UM et al Im
muno
therap
eutic
with Tinospora cordifolia
or gen
tamicin decreased
mortality
mod
ification of Escherichia coli
in m
ice injected
with E coli from
100
periton
itis and
bacteremia by
in con
trols to 178
and
111
resp
ec-
Tinospora cordifolia
JPostgrad
tive
ly Pr
etreatmen
t sign
ifican
tly im
prove
d
Med
199
238
(1)1
3ndash15
ba
cterial clearanc
e as w
ell as improve
dpha
gocytic an
d intracellular ba
ctericidal
capa
cities of ne
utrop
hils in Tinospora
cordifolia
treated group
Tinospora cordifolia
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sh
arma RK Man
agem
ent
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Ugenic indica Pa
tien
ts w
ith
of con
gestive card
iac failu
re w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic hea
rt disease card
iomyo
pathy
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
and cor pulm
onale were give
n pow
der
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash126
Cedrus deodara
of Inula racemosa
while patients with
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rheu
matic hea
rt disease w
ere give
nTerminalia chebula
Commiphora mukulAfter 2 w
eeks
Tinospora cordifolia
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
498
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Trichosantes lobata
completely 2
had
bradyc
ardia a
ndInula racemosa2 g 8
2 were refractory
hourly Commiphora
mukul1
2 g 8
hourly Urgenic indica
100 mg 8 hou
rly
Tinospora cordifolia
Water extract of
Rats
The
extract impr
oved
cellular im
mune
Reg
e NN e
t al Mod
ulation of
Tinospora cordifolia
func
tion
s M
ortality rate following
immuno
supp
ression in obs
truc
-100 mg
kg for 7 day
sE coliinfection was red
uced
The
study
tive
jaund
ice by
Tinospora cordifolia
sh
owed
cho
lestasis resulted in im
muno
-Indian J Med
Res 198
990
478
ndash483
su
ppression an
d ind
icated
a need for
an immuno
mod
ulator to m
anag
e ob
stru
ctive jaund
ice
Tinospora cordifolia
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
Whe
n co
mpared
to co
ntrol grou
ps
Tha
tte UM Dah
anuka
r SA
Com
par-
Tinospora cordifolia
all four
dru
gs preve
nted
to va
rying
ative study of immuno
mod
ulating
gluc
an and
lithium
for
deg
rees leu
cope
nia Both indigen
ous
activity of Indian
med
icinal plants
15 day
splants were po
tent immuno
stim
ulants
lithium carbo
nate and
glucan
with effects co
mpa
rable to lithium
Metho
ds Find
Exp
Clin
Pha
rmacol
and glucan
1988
10(10
)639
ndash644
Tinospora cordifolia
Various ex
tracts of
Rats an
d rab
bits
Oral ad
ministration of alcoh
olic
Gupta SS
et al Anti-diabe
tic effects
Tinospora cordifolia
extracts cau
sed a decrease in fasting
of Tinospora cordifolia
Part I Effect
bloo
d sug
ar in rabb
its an
d rats D
aily
on fasting
blood
suga
r leve
l ad
ministration increa
sed the gluco
segluco
se toleran
ce and
adrena
line
toleranc
e in albino rats
induc
ed hyp
erglyc
aemia Ind
ian J
Med
Res 196
755
(7)7
33ndash7
45
Tribulus terrestris
LTribulus terrestris
Mice
Tribulus terrestris
polys
acch
arides had
Liu Q
et al A study of the
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
polysaccha
rides
no m
utag
enic effect on
mice but
protective effects of Tribulus
Gok
shura
protected
chrom
osom
e an
d D
NA
terrestris
polysaccha
ride on
Small caltrops
from
ind
uced
dam
age
gene
tic dam
age Z
hong
guZho
ngya
o Zaz
hi-C
hina
JChine
seMater M
ed 199
520
(7)4
27ndash4
29 44
9Tribulus terrestris
Aqu
eous extract of
Male rats
Metab
olism of ox
alate was studied
Sa
ngeeta D
et al Effect of Tribulus
Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus terrestris
administration
terrestris
on oxa
late m
etab
olism in
produced a significant decrease in
rats J
Ethno
pha
rm 199
444(2)
urina
ry oxa
late excretion
and
a61
ndash66
sign
ifican
t increase in urina
ryglyo
xylate excretion
com
pared to
sodium glyco
late fed
animals
Tribulus terrestris
Ethan
olic extract of fruits
Albino rats
Tribulus terrestris
show
ed significant
Ana
nd R
et al Activity of certain
of Tribulus terrestris
dose-dep
enden
t protection ag
ains
tfraction
s of Tribulus terrestris
fruits
uroliths
ind
uced
by glass be
adag
ains
t ex
perimen
tally
ind
uced
implantation in albino rats
urolithiasis in rats Ind
ian JE
xpBiol 19
9432(8)548
ndash552
499
(continued)
Tribulus terrestris
1 caps
ule 3
3pe
r day
30 patients with
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation
with luke
warm w
ater
calculi on
kidne
ys
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also in
of com
posite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
containing
Asparagus
ureters or
slow
ly disintegrating bo
th calcium
-on
calcu
li in the kidne
y an
d
racemosus5
0 mg
blad
ders
oxalate an
d calcium carbo
nate
the urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
crystals in a sp
an of 72
hou
rs and
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
mg Eclipta alba
100
complete disch
arging
of crystals
mg Myristica fragrans
within 15
ndash30 day
s C
omplete
10 m
g Tinospora
disch
arge
occur
red in grea
ter than
cordifolia 1
00 m
g80
of the pa
tien
ts
Tribulus terrestris 50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gTribulus terrestris
Dried
plant m
aterial of
Pregn
ant ew
es
The
inc
iden
ce of fetal brea
thing
Walke
r D e
t al So
me effects of
Tribulus terrestris
and the
ir
mov
emen
ts w
as significantly red
uced
feed
ing Tribulus terrestris Ipomoea
Ipomoea lonchophylla
fetuses
and did not sho
w a normal day
-night
Ionchophylla and
the
seed of
and Abelmoschus
variation in treated
groups
com
pared
Abelmoschus ficulneus
on fetal
ficulneus
to con
trols R
esults ind
icated
plants
dev
elop
men
t an
d the
outco
me of
may
con
tain sub
stan
ces that affect
pregn
ancy in sh
eep R
eproduc
func
tion
al dev
elop
men
t of fetal brain
Fertility D
ev 19924(2)135
ndash144
Altho
ugh inge
stion did not appe
ar to
affect the
outco
me of pregn
ancy
Tribulus terrestris
Sapo
nin of Tribulus
Con
trolled clin
ical
The
total efficacious
rate of rem
ission
Wan
g B e
t al 40
6 cases of ang
ina
terrestris
trial 40
6 cases
angina
pectoris was 823
It was
pectoris in coron
ary he
art disease
angina
pectoris
high
er tha
n the control grou
p with a
trea
ted w
ith sapon
in of Tribulus
67 treated
as
sign
ifican
t total effective rate (TER) of
terrestris
[Chine
se] Chu
ng H
si
controls
672 The
TER of ECG improve
men
t Chieh
Ho Tsa C
hih 19
901085
ndash87
(527
) was eve
n high
er tha
n that of
the co
ntrol grou
p (358
)Tribulus terrestris
Extract of the fruits of
Ana
esthetized
Ether extract produced diuresis an
dSing
h RCP Sisod
ia C
S Effect of
Tribulus terrestris
dog
sincrea
sed creatinine rena
l clearanc
eTribulus terrestris
fruit extracts on
that sugg
ests an increa
sed glomerular
chloride an
d creatinine rena
l filtration
rate The
aqu
eous
extract of
clearanc
es in dog
s Ind
ian JP
hysiol
the fruits produced no sign
ifican
tPha
rmacol 197
115
93ndash
96
effect
500
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Trigonella foenum-
Isoc
aloric diets w
itho
ut
Con
trolled clin
ical
Inge
stion of fen
ugreek
seed pow
der
Sharma RD e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic
graecum
L
and w
ith fenu
greek for 7
trial 60
resu
lted
in a sign
ifican
t reduction of
effect of fenu
greek seed
sA
LEGUMIN
OSA
Ean
d 24 weeks D
ose 25
gNID
DM
total ch
olesterol LDL VLDL and
chronic stud
y in non
-ins
ulin
Med
hika
fenu
greek seed
pow
der
subjects
triglyceride leve
ls T
he results
dep
enden
t diabe
tic pa
tien
ts P
hyto-
Fenu
greek
indicated
the
ben
eficial effect of
therap
y Res 199
610
332
ndash334
fenu
greek seed
s in diabe
tic su
bjects
Trigonella foenum-
Rats fed for 8 w
eeks the
Rat
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
graecum
follo
wing plants
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or the
ir active
Brassica sp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes of
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
uco
sa D
ietary
small intestinal m
ucosa in rats Int
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcumin capsaicin p
iperine an
dJ Fo
od Sci N
utr 199
547
(1)5
5ndash59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinalepr
ominen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases sucrase an
dTrigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetidabrou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
pho
spha
tases an
d sucrase The
positive influe
nces of a go
od numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
Trigonella foenum-
Extract of at lea
st 90
Normal and
The
se sap
onins sign
ifican
tly en
hanc
ed
Petit PR
et al Steroid sap
onins from
graecum
of steroid sap
onins from
diabe
tic rats
food
con
sumption
and
motivation to
fenu
greek seed
s Extraction pur
ifica-
the seed
of Trigonella
eat an
d red
uced
plasm
a ch
olesterol
tion and
pha
rmacolog
ical inv
estig
a-foenum
-graecum
125
leve
l in rats
tion
on feed
ing be
havior and
mg
d per 300 g w
eigh
tplasm
a ch
olesterol Steroids 19
95
60(10)674
ndash680
Trigonella foenum-
Pow
der of Trigonella
Normal and
The
extract and
residue
had
significant
Ali L e
t al Cha
racterization of the
graecum
foenum
graecum
seed
sdiabe
tic
hypo
glyc
emic effects w
hen fed sim
ul-
hypo
glyc
emic effects of Trigonella
metha
nol ex
tract an
dmod
el rats
tane
ously with gluc
ose
foenum
graecum
seed
Planta Med
residue remaining
after
1995
61(4)358
ndash360
metha
nol ex
traction
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek seed
sNormal and
Both unroa
sted
and
roa
sted
forms
Kho
lsa P e
t al E
ffect of Trigonella
graecum
unroasted and
roa
sted
alloxa
n-produced a significant red
uction in
foenum
graecum
(Fe
nugreek) on
powdered
seeds
indu
ced
total ch
olesterol triglyceride LDL an
dseru
m lipids in normal and
diabe
tic
low-dose 2 gkg
diabe
tic rats
VLDL in no
rmal rats decreased
the
irrats Ind
ian J Pha
rmacol 199
527
(2)
high
-dose 8 gkg
raised
lev
els and
inc
reased
HDL in
89ndash9
3diabe
tic rats
Trigonella foenum-
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Normal and
A significant dos
e-related decrease in
Kho
lsa P e
t al E
ffect of Trigonella
graecum
administered at 2 an
dalloxa
n-bloo
d gluco
se both in the
normal as
foenum
graecum
(Fe
nugreek) on
8 g
kg dose orally
indu
ced
well as diabe
tic rats a
nd an
bloo
d gluco
se in no
rmal and
diabe
tic rats
hypo
glyc
emic effect was observe
d
diabe
tic rats Ind
ian J Phy
siol
Pha
rmacol 199
539
(2)1
73ndash1
74
501
(continued)
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek seed
extract
Male W
istar rats
The
results sh
owed
lon
g-term
oral
Petit P e
t al E
ffects of a fenu
greek
graecum
administered orally
10
administration of fen
ugreek ex
tract
seed
extract on feed
ing be
haviou
r an
d 100
mg
day per 300
sign
ifican
tly increased foo
d intake
in the
rat Metab
olic end
ocrine
g weigh
tan
d the
motivation to eat T
he extract
correlates P
harm
acol Bioch
em
also ind
uced hyp
erinsu
linem
ia and
Beh
av 199
345
(2)3
69ndash3
74
hypoc
holesterolem
ia
Trigonella foenum-
Ethan
olic extract from
Hyp
erch
ol-
Red
uction
s in plasm
a ch
olesterol
Stark A Mad
ar Z
The
effect of
graecum
defatted fen
ugreek
esterolemic
leve
ls ran
ged from 18
ndash26
and
aan
ethan
ol extract derived
from
seed
s 30 or 50 g
rats
tend
ency
for low
er con
centration
s of
fenu
greek (Trigonella foenum-
etha
nolic
extractkg
for
liver cho
lesterol w
as observe
d
graecum) on
bile
acid absorption
a 4-week period
and cho
lesterol lev
els in rats
Br J Nutr 199
369
(1)2
77ndash2
87
Trigonella foenum-
100 g deb
ittered fen
ugreek
Clin
ical study 10
Inge
stion resu
lted
in a sign
ifican
tSh
arma RD e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic
graecum
powder for 20 day
shy
perlipidem
icdecrease in the
serum total cho
les-
effect of fenu
greek seed
s
terol LDL V
LDL an
d triglyc
eride
A clin
ical study Phy
tother R
es
leve
ls HDL lev
els were no
t altered
19915145
ndash147
bu
t the ratio with total ch
olesterol an
dLDL and
VLDL w
ere sign
ifican
tly
increa
sed
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek seed
pow
der
Ran
dom
ized
The
fen
ugreek diet sign
ifican
tly
Sharma RD e
t al Effect of fen
ugreek
graecum
(100
g) In 2 eq
ual doses
controlle
ddecreased
fasting
blood
sug
ar and
seed
s on
blood
gluco
se and
at lun
ch and
dinne
r for
trial 10
improve
d the
gluco
se toleran
ce test
seru
m lipids in typ
e I diabe
tes
10 day
sinsu
lin-
Seru
m total cho
lesterol LDL and
Eur JC
lin N
utr 199
044
(4)3
01ndash3
06
dep
enden
tVLDL and
triglyc
erides w
ere also
(typ
e I)
sign
ifican
tly reduced
diabe
tics
Trigonella foenum-
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
graecum
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
cyminum
Ferula
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepatic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
foetida Tamarindus
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
indica Trigonella
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Bioph
ys 198
926
(4)2
54ndash2
58
foenum
-graecum
graecum
also stimulated
the
lev
els of
Zingiber officinale
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
502
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Trigonella foenum-
Trigonella foenum-
Male rats
Daily oral trea
tmen
t with Trigonella
Ahs
an SK et al Effect of Trigonella
graecum
graecum
seed
for 4
foenum
-graecum
sign
ifican
tly decreased
foenum
-graecum
and Ammi majus
on
weeks
the qu
antity of calcium oxa
late dep
osited
calcium oxa
late urolithiasis in rats
in the
kidne
ys thu
s su
pporting
its use
JEthno
pharmacol 198926
(3)2
49ndash254
in Sau
di folk m
edicine
Trigonella foenum-
Twelve
plants used for
Mice
Of the 12
plants Agaricus
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Glycaem
ic
graecum
the trad
itiona
l treatm
ent
bisporus
and Ilex guayusash
owed
effects of traditiona
l Eur
opea
n of diabe
tes ad
ministered
poten
tial antidiabe
tic effect
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
as decoc
tion
s or
Stud
ies in normal and
strep
tozo
tocin
infusion
s for 28
day
sdiabe
tic mice D
iabe
tes Res 198
9Agaricus bisporus
10(2)6
9ndash73
Anacardium
occidentale Arctum
lappa Catharanthus
roseus D
aucus carota
Hum
ulus lupulus Ilex
guayusa Salvia
officinale Sambucus
nigra Taraxacum
officinale Trigonella
foenum
-graecum
Urtica
dioica
Trigonella foenum-
Pow
dered
fen
ugreek
Con
trolled clinical
Powdered
fen
ugreek seed
significantly
Mad
ar Z
et al G
luco
se-low
ering
graecum
seed
(15
g) so
aked
in
trial 21
decreased
subseq
uen
t po
stprand
ial
effect of fenu
greek in non
-ins
ulin
water
individuals
gluco
se lev
els The
plasm
a insu
lin
dep
enden
t diabe
tics Eur
JClin
with no
n-also ten
ded
to be
decreased
in
Nutr 198
842
51ndash
54
insu
linNID
DM but witho
ut a statistical
dep
enden
tdifferenc
e Fen
ugreek ha
d no
Diabetes
effect on lip
id lev
els 3 ho
urs after
mellitus
the mea
l toleranc
e test
(NID
DM)
Trigonella foenum-
Subfraction ldquoardquo co
ntains
Allo
xan-diabe
tic
Whe
n the ex
tract was added
to insu
linRibes G
et al Antidiabe
tic effects of
graecum
the testa end
osperm
dog
strea
tmen
t it resulted in a clear
subfractions
from fen
ugreek
in
and fibers of Trigonella
decrease of hyp
erglyc
emia and
diabe
tic dog
s Proc So
c Ex
p Biol
foenum
-graecum
glyc
osuria accom
panied
by a decrease
Med
198
618
2(2)159
ndash166
of the
high plasma gluc
agon
and
somatostatin leve
ls
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek
30 rats
Addition of fen
ugreek seed
s during
Mital N
Gop
aldas T E
ffect of
graecum
pregn
ancy
and
lactation
did not hav
efenu
greek (Trigonella foenum
any be
neficial effect on
growth of
graecum) seed
based
diets on
pup
s ov
er and
abo
ve tha
t seen
in
the lactationa
l pe
rforman
ce in
control grou
ps
albino
rats N
utr R
eports Int 198
633
(3)4
77ndash4
84
Trigonella foenum-
Defatted fractions
of
Dog
sThe
fraction decreased
the
basal
Ribes G
et al Effects of fenu
greek
graecum
fenu
greek seed
sbloo
d gluco
se lev
el plasma glucago
nseed
s on
end
ocrine
pan
crea
tic
somatostatin leve
ls a
nd decreased
the
secretions
in dog
s A
nn Nutr
orally ind
uced
hyp
erglyc
emia
Metab
198
428
(1)3
7ndash43
503
(continued)
Trigonella foenum-
Fraction
s of fen
ugreek
Dog
sAddition of fen
ugreek
fraction to the
Valette G
et al Hyp
ocho
lesteroa
emic
graecum
seed
food
of diabe
tic hy
percho
lesterolem
iceffect of fenu
greek seed
s in dog
sdog
s caused a significant decrease in
Atherlosclerosis 19
8450(1)105
ndash111
ch
olesterolemia an
d a decrease in
hyperglyc
emia The
defatted portion
of fen
ugreek
seed ind
uced an
hypoc
holesterolem
ic effect
Trigonella foenum-
Stem
s leave
s an
d seeds
Normal a
lloxa
n-
Trigo
nella
acetone
extract appe
ared
to
Gha
fgha
zi T e
t al Antag
onism of
graecum
of Trigonella foenum-
and cad
mium-
act at the
cellular leve
l to produ
ce its
cadm
ium and
allo
xan-indu
ced
graecum
were extracted
trea
ted rats
hypog
lycemic effects on no
rmal rats
hype
rglycemia in rats by Trigonella
for 3 day
s with water
or tho
se treated
with cadmium or
foenum
graecum
Pah
lavi M
ed J
aceton
e and
by soxh
let
alloxa
n19
778(1)1
4ndash25
70degC
Valeriana
450 or 900
mg of an
Ran
dom
dou
ble-
The
re w
as a significant decrease in
Leathw
ood PD C
hauffard F A
queo
usjatamansi
Jone
saq
ueou
s ex
tract of
blind study
sleep laten
cy w
ith 45
0 mg va
lerian
extract of valerian reduces latenc
y VALERIA
NACEAE
valerian
roo
tvo
lunteers
compa
red to placebo
The
highe
r dose
to fall asleep
in man
Planta Med
Indian squill
with mild
of valerian pr
oduced no
furthe
r19
852144
ndash148
Tag
ara
insomnia
improve
men
t in sleep
laten
cy
Indian va
lerian
Valeriana
jatamansi
Valeren
ic acid isolated
Mice
The
extract affected rotarod
and
Hen
driks
H e
t al C
entral nervo
us
from
Valeriana
traction
perform
ance of mice simila
rdep
ressan
t activity of va
lerenic
officinalis
to the
effect of pen
toba
rbital w
ith
acid in the mou
se P
lanta Med
Dose at IP01 mL per 20 g
chlorp
romaz
ine an
d diaze
pam
as
1985
128ndash
31
body weigh
treferenc
e su
bstanc
es It w
as con
-co
ncluded
tha
t va
lerenic acid had
specific
central ne
rvou
s dep
ressan
t properties
Valeriana
jatamansi
Aqu
eous
extract (450
Hum
an trial
Both dos
es red
uced pe
rceive
d sleep
Balderer G
Borbe
ly A
A Effect of
and 900 mg) of va
lerian
18 hea
lthy
latenc
y an
d w
ake time after sleep
valerian
on hu
man
sleep
root
subjects (10
onset In the
lab
only high
er doses
Psych
opha
rmacolog
y 19
8587
slep
t at hom
e
tested
no sign
ifican
t differenc
es from
406ndash
409
8 slep
t at
placebo
were ob
tained
Results
labo
ratory)
indicated
aqu
eous extract exerted
mild
hyp
notic action
504
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Valeriana
jatamansi
Decoc
tion
of Valeriana
Ran
dom
ized
Within 72
hou
rs cessation
of diarrhe
aChe
n S et al Infantile
rotav
irus
jatamansi G
roup A
trial 74
with
in groups
A B
C were 73
9 4
167
enteritis trea
ted w
ith he
rbal
treated w
ith Valeriana
rotaviru
san
d 5625
r
espe
ctively R
etur
n to
Valeriana jatamansi
(VJ) J
Trad
jatamansi g
roup B
enteritis (und
er
norm
al tem
perature w
as 9064
60
Chin Med
198
44(4)297
ndash300
co
ntrol with vitamins
2 ye
ars)
and 9230
r
espe
ctively sugg
esting
grou
p C stand
ard
antipyretic effect of Valeriana
allopa
thic treatmen
tjatamansi
Valeriana
jatamansi
Extract of va
lerian
roo
tDou
ble blind
Valerian pr
oduc
ed a significant
Cha
uffard F e
t al Detection
of
rand
omized
improve
men
t in sleep
qua
lity an
d the
mild
sed
ative effectsva
lerian
trial 12
8effect w
as m
ost marke
d in poo
ran
d sleep
in man
Exp
erientia
volunteers
sleepers smok
ers an
d hab
itua
l co
ffee
19813762
2drink
ers In co
ntrast sleep laten
cy
nigh
t aw
aken
ings
dream
recall an
dso
mno
lenc
e ne
xt day
were relative
lyuna
ffected
Vanda roxburghii
Glyco
side crys
tals
Rats
Vanda roxburghiiha
d no effect on
Prasad
DN A
chari G A study
R Br
obtained
from roo
ts of
acute reaction
following form
alde-
of anti-arthritic action
of Vanda
ORCHID
ACEAE
Vandra roxburghii
hyde injection bu
t effectively pr
e-roxburghiiin albino rats J
Rasna
Dose of 20 mg
kgve
nted
dev
elop
men
t of secon
dary
Indian Med
Assoc
196
646
(5)
Rasna
proliferative ch
ange
s in the
ank
le23
4ndash23
9joint an
d other small joints
Viola odorata
L
Hex
ane chloroform and
Rab
bits
Sign
ifican
t oral antipyretic activity
Kha
ttak
SG et al Antipyretic studies
VIO
LACEAE
water-solub
le extracts of
was exh
ibited
by ex
tracts of Artemisia
on som
e indigen
ous Pa
kistan
i Ban
aphs
haArtemisia absinthium
absinthium
Viola odorata Melia
med
icinal plants JEthno
pha
rmW
ild violet
Viola odorata M
elia
azadirachta
and Fum
aria parviflora
198514(1)45ndash
51
azadirachta
and
compa
rable to asp
irin N
o ob
viou
sFumaria parviflora
toxic effects were no
ted for any
plant
extracts
Vitis vinifera
L
D-glucaric acid dietary
Rats
The
D-glucarates reduced total serum
Walaszek Z et al
D-glucaric acid
VITACEAE
sources inc
lude grap
esch
olesterol in rats by
up to 14
conten
t of various
fru
its an
d
Draksha
and lettuce for exa
mple
(p
005
) an
d low
ered
LDL by up to
vege
tables and
cho
lesterol-low
ering
Grape
s35
(p
005
) bu
t ha
d no effect on
effects of dietary D-glucarate in the
HDL
rat Nutr Res 199
616(4)6
73ndash6
81
Vitis vinifera
Vitis vinifera
seed
sRats
The
extract inh
ibited
the
carrage
en-
Zafirov
D e
t al A
ntiexu
dative
and
pu
rified
and
enriche
dinduced hind paw
edem
a The
secapilla
ritonic effects of procy
ani-
fraction
Procy
anidines
compo
unds also inh
ibited
the
dex
tran
-dines isolated from grape seed
dose 2 mg
kg for 3
3induced edem
a 4 ho
urs after the
(Vitis vinifera) Acta Phy
siol
per day
for 6 day
sdev
elop
men
t of the
process
Pha
rmacol Bulg 199
016
(3)5
0ndash54
Withania
Aqu
eous
susp
ension
of
Stress-ind
uced
Simultane
ous oral administration of
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of ash
wag
andha
somnifera
(L)
root extract of 10
0rabb
its an
dWithania somnifera
preve
nted
the
rise
on lipid perox
idation in stress-
Duna
lmg
kg Withania
mice
in lipid perox
idation in rab
bits and
induced animals J Ethno
-SO
LANACEA
Esomnifera
mice
pha
rm 199
860
173
ndash178
Ashwag
andha
Winter ch
erry
505
(continued)
Withania somnifera
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plan
ts significantly inh
ibited
the
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of som
e Indian
Picrorhiza kurrooa
carcinog
en och
ratoxin-induced
herbs on
macroph
age
Tinospora cordifolia
supp
ression of che
motactic activity
func
tion
s in och
ratoxin A treated
Withania somnifera
and the
produc
tion
of interleu
kin-1
mice J Ethno
pha
rm 199
758
an
d TNF-
aby
macroph
ages
15ndash2
0Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
root
Mice
The
extract atten
uated the
dev
elop
men
t of
Kulkarni SK N
inan
I Inhibition
of
extract
toleranc
e to the
ana
lgesic effect of
morph
ine toleranc
e an
d
morph
ine A
lso up
pressed m
orphine
-dep
enden
ce by Withania somnifera
swithd
rawal ju
mps a sign of dep
enden
cein m
ice J Ethno
pha
rm 199757
(3)
to opiate
213ndash
217
Withania somnifera
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
erglye
mic
The
herba
l form
ulation ha
d little
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
sanctum Picrorhiza
rats
effect on bloo
d suga
r co
ncen
trations
Trasina
an
Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
but doses ind
uced
a dose-related
form
ulation
on pan
crea
tic islet
cordifolia W
ithania
decrease in STZ hyp
erglyc
emia and
supe
roxide dismutase activity in
somniferaD
oses 100
attenu
ation of STZ ind
uced
a decrease
hype
rglycaem
ic rats Ind
ian J
200 mg
kg PO 1
3in islet supe
roxide dism
utase activity in
Exp
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
pe
r day
for 28 day
seu
glyc
aemic rats
Withania somnifera
75 m
etha
nolic
extract
Mice
The
extract w
as fou
nd to sign
ifican
tly
Kuttan
G Use of Withania somnifera
of Withania somnifera
decrease total white blood
cell co
unt
L Dun
al as an
adjuva
nt during
an
d red
uce leu
copen
ia ind
uced by
radiation
the
rapy Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
subletha
l do
ses of gam
ma radiation
19
9634(9)854
ndash856
Withania somnifera
Roo
ts of Withania
Mice
A significant m
odulation of immun
eZiauddin M
et al Studies on the
somnifera
reactivity w
as observe
d as was
immuno
mod
ulatory effects of
immuno
stim
ulatory activity
Ashwag
andh
a J Ethn
opha
rm19
9650(2)69ndash
76
Withania somnifera
Witha
ferin A a
steroidal
Mice
Witha
ferin A w
as effective
in inhibiting
Sh
arad
a AC et al Antitumor and
lacton
e from
Withania
grow
th of Ehrlic
h ascites tumor in
radiosens
itizing effects of w
itha
-somnifera
mou
se
ferin A on mou
se Ehr
lich ascites
carcinom
a in vivo A
cta Onc
ol
1996
35(1)95ndash
100
Withania somnifera
Witha
ferin A a
steroidal
Mice
Witha
ferin A inh
ibited
tum
or growth
Dev
i PU e
t al In vivo grow
th
lacton
e from
Withania
and inc
reased
tum
or free su
rvival in a
inhibitory and
rad
iosens
itizing
somnifera
dose-dep
enden
t man
ner
effects of w
itha
ferin A on mou
se
Ehr
lich ascites carcinom
a C
ancer
Lett 19
9595(1ndash
2)189
ndash193
506
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Withania somnifera
Aqu
eous extract of
Mice
Withania somnifera
show
ed significant
Grand
hi A
et al A
com
parative
powdered
roo
t of
antistress activity an
d significant
pha
rmacolog
ical inv
estiga
tion
of
Withania somnifera
anab
olic activity
Ash
wag
andha
and
Ginseng
JE
thno
pha
rm 199
444
131
ndash135
Withania somnifera
Alcoh
ol extract from
Mice an
d rats
LD
50calculated
as 12
60 m
gkg
bod
ySh
arad
a AC e
t al Tox
icity of
roots of Withania
weigh
t for 30
day
s resu
lted
in no
Withania somnifera
root extracts in
somnifera
mortality or cha
nges in pe
riph
eral
rats and
mice Int J Pha
rmacog
bloo
d con
stituen
ts
1993
31(3)205
ndash212
Withania somnifera
Alcoh
olic roo
t ex
tract of
Mice
The
extract had
a tumor inh
ibiting
Dev
i PU
et al Antitumor and
Withania somnifera
effect a
cted
as a radiosens
itizer a
ndradiosens
itizing effects of Withania
heat enh
anced the
se effects
somnifera
(Ash
wag
andha
) on
a
tran
splantab
le m
ouse tum
or
Sarcom
a 18
0 Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
1993
3160
7ndash61
1Withania somnifera
1 capsu
le 3
3pe
r day
30 patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
composite Ayu
rved
ic d
rugs
on
containing
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus5
0 mg
ureters or
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
blad
ders
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
6(2)199
210
4ndash10
8mg Eclipta alba
100
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
mg Myristica fragrans
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
10 m
g Tinospora
greater than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
cordifolia
100
mg
Tribulus terrestris50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gWithania somnifera
Metha
nolic
fraction of
Rats
Anti-inflam
matory activity retaine
d in
Al-H
inda
wi MK e
t al A
nti-g
ranu
loma
aerial parts of Withania
the ex
tract an
d w
as com
parab
le to that
activity of Iraq
i Withania somnifera
somnifera
of a 5 m
gkg
dos
e of hyd
roco
rtison
eJ Ethno
pha
rm 199
237
113
ndash116
so
dium succinate
Withania somnifera
Witha
ferin A
Rats
Treatmen
t with W
itha
ferin A aga
inst
Sudhir S Bud
hiraja R
D Com
parison
CCl4 ind
uced
hep
atotox
icity
of the
protective effect of With
afferin
possessed
significant protective
lsquoArsquo an
d hyd
roco
rtison
e ag
ains
t effect W
itha
ferin A w
as sho
wn to be
CCL4 induc
ed hep
atox
icity in rats
as effective
as hy
droco
rtison
e dose
Indian
JPhy
siol Pha
rmacol 199
2per dos
e36
(2)1
27ndash1
29
Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Osteo
arthritis patients were rand
omly
Kulka
rni RR e
t al Treatmen
t of
450 mg Boswellia
placeb
o-allocated to receive the placebo
or the
osteoa
rthr
itis w
ith a he
rbal
serrataOleo gu
m resin
controlle
dhe
rbom
ineral formulation
Aform
ulation
A dou
ble-blind
100 mg Curcuma longa
trial 42
sign
ifican
t drop was noted
in the
placebo
-con
trolled c
ross-
rhizom
e 50
mg and
patien
tsseve
rity of pain (p
000
1) and
over study JEthno
pharm
zinc
com
plex 50 mg
disab
ility sco
re (p
005
)19
9133(1ndash
2)91ndash
95
507
(continued)
Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Withania somnifera
was supe
rior in
Karnick
CR A dou
ble-blind placebo
-po
wder extract D
ose
placeb
o-effect to gins
eng root pow
der relative
controlle
d clin
ical study on
the
250 mg 23
per day
controlle
dto baseline perform
ance integrated
effects of Withania somnifera
La
nd
for 40 day
sclinical trial
sens
ory-motor func
tion
an
d au
ditory
Panax ginseng extracts on
psy
cho-
30 hea
lthy
reaction
Both Withania somnifera
motor perform
ance in he
althy
male an
dan
d Panax ginseng
grou
ps pe
rformed
Indian
volun
teers Ind
ian Med
females
statistically
better co
mpa
red to
1991
3(23)1
ndash5
placebo
in men
tal arithm
etic and
motor fun
ction
Withania somnifera
80 ethan
olic extract of
Rats with
Results sho
wed
tha
t the plants possessed
Al-Hindaw
i MK e
t al Anti-inflam
-Achillea santolina
carrag
eena
n-va
rying deg
rees of an
tiinflam
matory
matory activity of so
me Iraq
i Apium
graveolens
indu
ced
activity in the follo
wing descend
ing
plants using
intact rats J
Matricaria chamomilla
paw edem
aorder Withania somnifera Apium
Ethno
pha
rm 198
926
(2)1
63ndash1
68
Myrtus communis
graveolens Achillea santolina Matricaria
Withania somnifera
and
chamomilla Myrtus communis
acetylsalic
ylic acid used
as stand
ard dru
gWithania somnifera
Thr
ee plants lack
ing
Feed
ing trials
All plan
ts produc
ed hep
atic lesions
Arseculeratne et al S
tudies of
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
in rats
that inc
luded
cen
tral vein
med
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Aegle marmelos
abno
rmalities Terminalia chebula
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eHemidesmus indicus
and Withania somnifera
produced
trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs J
Terminalia chebula
marke
d ren
al lesions
Ethno
pha
rm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
Pow
dered
dried
roo
t of
Human
trial
The
extract w
as effective
in a nu
mbe
rBector NP e
t al R
ole of Withania
Withania somnifera
63 patients
of acu
te rhe
umatoid arthritis cases
somnifera
L (A
shwag
andha
) in
and in some with ch
ronic rheu
matoid
variou
s type
s of arthr
opathies
arthritis with acute exa
cerbations
Ind JM
ed R
es 1
96856(10)158
1ndash15
83
TPA tissu
e plasm
inog
en activator H
MG C
oA h
ydroxy
methy
l glutaryl coen
zyme A U
SAN U
nited States Adop
ted N
ames IV intrav
enou
sly IP intraperiton
eally
ED
50 m
edian effective do
se P
GE2 prostag
land
in E
2 G
SH g
lutathione
CSF
AUC C
max L
D50 m
edian lethal dose bid twice daily tid thr
ee tim
es daily
508
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 509
KHAN AND BALICK510
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 511
KHAN AND BALICK512
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 513
KHAN AND BALICK514
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 515
gional or those published by individual re-search centers are rich in experimental studiesas well This exercise has also pointed out theneed for access to such publications via greaterinternational cooperation involving informa-tion exchange
This study has been limited by our own ac-cess to information and there are numerous ad-ditional journals that contain information onplants and complex mixtures of plants pre-pared according to traditional formulationsused in the Ayurvedic medical system Wehave undertaken this task in the hope that someof the initial studies presented may help to di-rect research on plants deserving of more in-tensive evaluation as clinical therapies
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful to Scott Gerson MD PhDmedical director of the National Institute ofAyurvedic Medicine Brewster NY for pro-viding us with a listing of the species ofAyurvedic medicinal plants discussed in thispaper We would like to thank the followingthe NAPRALERT staff for providing informa-tion on clinical trials The New York BotanicalGarden Library (for interlibrary loans) JenniferCooper of Naturersquos Herbs for providing refer-ences on some of the plants The Asian Eco-nomic Botany Fund of The New York BotanicalGarden (for funding travel and SK salary) andThe New York Botanical Garden Institute of
Economic Botany Bronx NY staff and internsJan Stevenson Kate Armstrong (1998 EverettPublic Service Intern) Kelvin Chan (volunteer)with special thanks to Rebekka Stone (ResearchAssistant) and Roberta Lee MD We wouldalso like to express our gratitude to GerryBodeker EdD for his thoughtful commentson the piece and to Jackie Wootton MEd andKim Jobst MA DM MRCP MFHom
We are also grateful to The Philecology Trustand The Metropolitan Life Foundation for theirgenerous support of Michael Balickrsquos researchprogram in ethnomedicine
REFERENCES
Angell M Kassirer JP Alternative medicine The risks ofuntested and unregulated remedies [editorial] N Eng-land J Med 1998339839ndash841
Akerele O The WHO Traditional Medicine ProgrammePolicy and Implementation International TraditionalHealth Newsletter Geneva Switzerland World HealthOrganizations 198511
Balick MJ Good Botanical Practices In Eskinazi D (ed)Botanical Medicine Efficacy Quality Assurance andRegulation Larchmont NY Mary Ann Liebert Inc1999121ndash125
Barrett B Kiefer D Rabago D Assessing the risks andbenefits of herbal medicine An overview of scientificevidence Altern Ther Health Med 19995(4)40ndash49
Cox P The ethnobotanical approach to drug discoveryStrengths and limitations In Chadwick D Marsh J(eds) Ethnobotany and the Search for New Drugs JohnWiley amp Sons 199425ndash36
Address reprint requests toMichael J Balick PhD
The New York Botanical GardenBronx NY 10458
E-mail mbalicknybgorg
KHAN AND BALICK408
The Foundation for the Revitilization of Local HealthTraditions (wwwfrlht-indiaorg) founded by DarshanShankar in 1991 is one such pioneering organization ded-icated to the conservation of Indian biodiversity and lo-cal health traditions and cultures
409
APPENDIX toTherapeutic Plants of AyurvedaTables 1 and 2 and Illustrations
410
TABLE 1 AYURVEDIC PLANTS WITH HUMAN STUDIES
Aegle marmelos Irritable bowel syndromeShigellosis
Allium cepa ColicHyperlipidemiaScar treatmentStomach carcinoma
Aloe barbendensis AntidiabeticBurn woundsPsoriasis
Andrographis paniculata Common cold (23)Fever sore throatHepatocellular jaundicePyuria hematuriaStenosis restenosisViral hepatitis
Areca catechu Diphyllobothrium latum infectionInflammatory bowel disease
Artemisia vulgaris Postoperative blood loss bacteriuriaAsparagus racemosus Calculi on kidney urinary bladder
Gastric emptyingAzadirachta indica Congestive heart failure
Mosquito repellant (23)ScabiesVaginal contraceptiveVitiligo
Bacopa monnieri Irritable bowel syndromeBoerhavia diffusa Congestive heart failureBoswellia serrata Ulcerative colitis
OsteoarthritisRheumatoid arthritis
Butea monosperma GiardiasisWorm infestations Ascaris lumbricoides
Capsicum annuum Cluster headaches (23)Diabetic neuropathy (23)Herpes zosterHerpetic neuralgia (33)Local stump pain due to amputationPost herpetic neuralgia (23) Postmastectomy pain syndromeSmall fiber function
Carum carvi ObstipationCedrus deodara Congestive heart failureCocos nucifera Coronary heart disease
ImmunotherapyOral rehydration therapy
Cuminum cyminum Diabetes mellitusCurcuma longa Cancerous lesions (external)
Gastric ulcersOsteoarthritisScabiesSerum lipid peroxides (decrease)Urinary mutagens (decrease)
Cyperus rotundus Intestinal metaplasia atypical hyperplasia of gastricmucosa
Daucus carota Inhibition of endogenous nitrosationMalignant mesotheliomaMetabolic parameters (no adverse changes)Oxidation in copper-oxidized LDL (decrease)Risk of vulvar cancer (decrease)
Dolichos biflorus Binding to healthy oral mucosaEmbelia ribes Acne vulgaris
Worm infestation Ascaris lumbricoidesEmblica officinalis Gastrointestinal disease
Serum cholesterol levelsViral hepatitis
Eugenia jambolana Decreases in mean blood sugar valuesFoeniculum vulgare Chronic nonspecific colitis
411
Glycyrrhiza glabra Acne vulgarisChronic duodenal ulcers (23)Chronic hepatitisHyperkalemia in Diabetes mellitus
Gossypium herbaceum Male antifertility (33)Gymnema sylvestre Mean blood sugar values (decrease) (23)
Serum lipids (decrease)Sweetness perception (decrease)
Holarrhena antidysenterica Facial acneHydrocotyle asiatica ShigellosisLinum usitatissimum N-3 fatty acids (increase)
Postprandrial glucose (decrease)Mallotus philippensis Worm infestations Ascaris lumbricoidesMoringa oleifera Perceived pain relief accelerated expulsion of wormsMucuna pruriens Parkinsonrsquos diseaseMyristica fagrans Calculi in kidneys and urinary bladderNardostachys jatamansi Facial acneNelumbo nucifera HyperlipidemiaOcimum sanctum Non-insulin dependent Diabetes mellitusOryza sativa Oral rehydration therapyPaederia foetida ShigellosisPeucedanum graveolens Vitamin Ab-carotene contentPicrorhiza kurrooa Bronchial asthma
Congestive heart failureViral hepatitisVitiligo
Piper longum Bioavailability of certain drugs (increase)Disappearance of Giardia lamblia
Piper nigrum No damage to human gastric mucosaPueraria tuberosa Migraine headachesRaphanus sativus No adverse effects to metabolic parametersRheum emodi Prevent chronic renal failureRicinus communis Binding of healthy oral mucosaRubia cordifolia Cardiac functionSalvadora persica Peridontal diseaseSantalum album Facial acne
Urinary tract infectionSaussurea lappa Reduced frequency of anginaSesamum indicum WartsStrychnos nux-vomica Nonketotic hyperglycemiaSwertia chirata Decrease in mean blood sugar valuesTamarindus indica Bioavailability of drugs (increase) (23)
Decrease pain accelerated expulsion of wormsTaraxacum officinale Chronic colitisTephrosia purpurea Decrease in mean blood sugar valuesTerminalia arjuna Severe refractory heart failure
Stable angina pectorisTerminalia bellirica Acne vulgarisTerminalia chebula Acne vulgaris
Congestive cardiac failureTinospora cordifolia Calculi on kidney or urinary bladder
Congestive heart failureManagement of obstructive jaundice
Tribulus terrestris Calculi on kidney and urinary bladderRemission of angina pectoris
Trigonella foenum-graecum Hypolipidemic effect (23)Postprandial glucose levels (decrease)Total cholesterol LDL VLDL triglycerides (decrease)
Valeriana jatamansi Infantile rotavirus enteritisMild hypnotic actionMild insomnia decrease sleep latencySleep quality
Withania somnifera Calculi on kidney and urinary bladderOsteoarthritisPsychomotor performanceRheumatoid arthritis
LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol VLDL very low-density lipoprotein cho-lesterol
412
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Acorus calamus
L
Alcoh
olic extract of dried
Rats
Decrease in sev
erity of m
axim
um
Martis G et al Neu
roph
armacolog
ical
ACORACEAE
rhizom
es 1 kg
coa
rse
electric sho
ck ind
uced seizu
res in rats
activity of Acorus calamus
L
Vacha
pow
der
was dem
onstrated
Fitoterapia LXII 1
991433
1ndash33
7Sw
eet Flat
Acorus calamus
Ethan
olic extract of Acorus
Rats m
ice
Extract has sho
wn sedative ana
lgesic
Voh
ora SB
et al Cen
tral nervo
uscalamus rhizo
mes H
ot
mod
erately hy
potensive an
dsy
stem
studies on an
ethan
ol
extract distilla
tion
33
resp
iratory qu
alities
extract of Acorus calamus
L
poo
led c
oncentrated
rhizom
es J E
thno
pharm
and dried
1990
2853
ndash62
Aegle marmelos
Dried
unr
ipe fruit pow
der
Ran
domized
Treatmen
t of shige
llosis with these
Haider R
et al Eva
luation of ind
ige-
(L) Correcirca
of Aegle marmelos
dou
ble-blind
plan
ts did not sho
w any
clin
ical
nous plan
ts in the trea
tmen
t of
RUTACEAE
dried
pow
der plant of
clinical trial
impr
ovem
ent or bacteriolog
ical cure
acute shige
llosis Trop G
eogr M
edBilu
aHydrocotyle asiatica
82 m
en w
ith
as com
pared to am
picillin
1991
43(3)266
ndash270
Bael tree
dried
pow
der of Poederia
shigellosis
foetida
Aegle marmelos
Metha
nolic
extract of root
Mice
Extract inh
ibited
the
spo
ntan
eous
Kak
iuch
i N et al Effects of co
nstitu-
bark Aegle marmelos
beating rate of cu
ltured m
ouse
ents of Beli (Aegle marmelos
L) on
10
0 mg
mL
myo
card
ial cells
by ap
proximately
spon
tane
ous be
ating an
d calcium-
50
paradox
of myo
card
ial cells
Plan
ta
Med
199
157
(1)4
3ndash46
Aegle marmelos
Ayu
rved
ic preparation
Clin
ical trial
In 57 pa
tien
ts A
yurved
ic prepa
ration
Yad
av SK e
t al Irritable bo
wel syn
-Aegle marmelos
and
rand
omized
was effective
in 649 w
hile stand
ard
drome the
rapeu
tic ev
alua
tion
of
Bacopa monnieri
controlle
d
therap
y (w
ith clidinium bromide
indigen
ous dru
gs Ind
ian J Med
Res
169 pa
tien
tsch
lord
iaze
poxide isaph
aghu
lla) in
1989
9049
6ndash50
3with irritable
60 patients was useful 78
3 L
ong-
bowel
term
follow-up sh
owed
both form
s of
synd
rome
therap
y were no
better than
placebo
in lim
iting the relaps
e
Aegle marmelos
Plants lack
ing pyrroliz
idine
Feed
ing
To test tox
icity of plants plants
Arseculeratne
SN e
t al Stud
ies
alka
loids Aegle marmelos
trials in rats
prod
uced
hep
atic lesions
tha
t included
of m
edicinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Hemidesmus indicus
central ve
in abn
ormalities Terminalia
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eTerminalia chebula
chebulaan
d Withania somnifera
trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs
JWithania somnifera
prod
uced
marke
d ren
al lesions
Ethno
pha
rm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
413
(continued)
Aegle marmelos
Aqu
eous decoc
tion
s of
Lab
oratory
All plan
ts dem
onstrated significant
Karuna
naya
ke EH e
t al Oral hy
po-
Aegle marmelos
anim
als
hypo
glyc
emic effect in the
ir ability to
glyc
emic activity of som
e med
icinal
Momordica charantia
decrease the fasting bloo
d gluco
seplants of Sri Lan
ka J Ethno
pha
rm
Salacia reticulata
leve
l an
d impr
ove gluc
ose toleranc
e19
8411(2)223
ndash231
Momordica charantia
had the
highe
steffect w
hile Salacia reticulataha
d the
lowest
Alangium
Extracted
with n-
Mice ex
tract
Sage
is a po
tent inh
ibitor of TPA-ind
uced
Oku
yama T et al Studies on
can
cer
salviifolium
(Lf)
hexa
ne ethy
l acetate
exam
ined
mou
se ear edem
a A
ntitum
or
bioc
hemop
reve
ntion of natural
Wan
gerin
and m
etha
nol
on TPA-
promoting activity guided
the
resourcesX
1
inhibitory effect of
ALA
NGIA
CEAE
Alls
pice b
asil bay
induc
ed ear
separation of the
relatively active
spices onTPA
-enh
anced 3H-cho
line
Ank
ola
leav
es card
amom
seed
edem
asp
ices and
led
to the isolation of
inco
rporation in pho
spho
lipids of
Sage
leave
scinn
amon
cu
min d
illursolic acid from sag
e A
ll plan
tsC3h
10T1
2 cells
and
on TPA
-seed
dry ginge
rwere high
ly poten
t inhibitors of TPA
-induc
ed m
ouse ear edem
a
ging
er h
orseradish
induc
ed m
ouse ear edem
aChin Pha
rm J 199
547
(5)4
21ndash4
30
marjoram oreg
ano
parsley pink pep
per
red pe
ppe
r ros
emary
sage
tarrag
on thym
eturm
eric w
hite pep
per
Allium
cepaL
Allium
cepaintake
Mailed
To assess relations
hips am
ong
Lus
t KD e
t al Materna
l intake
of
ALL
IACEAE
question
naire
compon
ents of the materna
l diet an
dcruc
iferou
s ve
getables and
other
Palan
du
272 mothe
rs
presenc
e of colic sym
ptom
s am
ong
food
s an
d colic sym
ptom
s in
Onion
infants
527
3ex
clusive
ly breast-fed infan
ts S
tudy
exclusive
ly breast-fed infan
ts J A
m
reve
aled
initial eviden
ce tha
t materna
lDietetic Assoc
199
696(1)4
6ndash48
intake
of on
ions
during
exclusive
breast-feeding is assoc
iated w
ith co
licsymptoms in you
ng infan
ts
Allium
cepa
Allium
cepaan
d Allium
Nethe
rlan
ds
Strong
inv
erse assoc
iation
between on
ion
Doran
t E et al Con
sumption of onion
sativum
cons
umption
Coh
ort Study
cons
umption an
d stomach carcinom
aan
d red
uced risk of stomach
on diet an
d
carcinom
a G
asterolenterolog
y canc
er n
519
96110
(1)1
2ndash20
12
085
2 men
an
d w
omen
55
ndash69 ye
ars
Allium
cepa
Aqu
eous
extracts of
Rats
Garlic
and
onion
can
be inge
sted
Bordia T
et al An ev
aluation of
Allium
cepaor Allium
freq
uen
tly in low
dos
es w
itho
ut an
yga
rlic and
onion
as an
tithrombo
tic
sativum
administered
side
effects a
nd can
still pr
oduc
e a
agen
ts P
rostag
land
ins Le
uko
Essen
torally or intrap
eri-
sign
ifican
t an
tithrombo
tic effect
Fatty Acids 19
9654(3)183
ndash186
tone
ally d
aily for
4 weeks
414
Allium
cepa
Con
tractube
x ge
lClin
ical trial 3
8In C
ontractube
x grou
p e
valuation of
Marag
akis M
et al Possibilities of
(Mertz 1
Co D-
child
ren with
therap
eutic resu
lt w
as ldquogo
odrdquo an
dscar treatmen
t after thoracic
Fran
kfurtMain)
scar formation
ldquovery go
odrdquo in 84
of cases as
surgery D
rugs
Und
er Exp
Clin
containing
10
onion
after thoracic
compared
to 59
of untreated
cases
Res 199
521
(5)1
99ndash2
06
extract 50
U sod
ium
surgery
In treated
group
scar size w
ashe
parin
g of gel and
1
Con
tract-
marke
dly low
er q
uicke
r paling and
allantoin
ubex
-treated
conv
ersion
to hy
pertroph
ic or ke
loidal
and 27
scars was less freq
uen
t Sc
ar specific
untrea
ted
effects of C
ontractube
x persisted
after
compared
the en
d of trea
tmen
tAllium
cepa
S-methy
l cy
steine
Allo
xan-
Administration of SM-C
S sign
ifican
tly
Kumari K et al Antidiabe
tic an
d
sulpho
xide (SM-C
S)diabe
tic rats
controlle
d blood
gluco
se lip
id serum
hy
polip
idem
ic effects of S-methy
l isolated
from onion
an
d altered
the
activities of liver
cysteine
sulfox
ide isolated
from
Oral ad
ministration
hexo
kina
se g
luco
se 6-pho
spha
tase
Allium
cepaLinn Ind
J Bioch
emdaily at a dose of 200
and H
MG C
oA red
uctase toward
Biophy
sics 199
532
(1)4
9ndash54
mg
kg bod
y weigh
t for
norm
al Effects of SM-C
S were
45 day
sco
mparab
le to those of glib
enclam
ide
and ins
ulin
Allium
cepa
Allium
cepa Allium
27 hea
lthy
Tolbu
tamide Cucurbita ficifolia Phaseolus
Rom
an R
R et al Antihyp
erglyc
emic
sativa Brassica oleracea
rabb
its
vulgaris Opuntia streptacantha Spinacea
effect of some ed
ible plants
Cucurbita ficifolia
oleracea Cucum
is sativusa
nd Cum
inum
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
548
(1)2
5ndash32
Cum
inum
cyminum
cyminum
sign
ifican
tly decreased
the
Cucum
is sativus Lactuca
area und
er the
gluco
se toleran
ce cur
vesativa Opuntia
and the
hyp
erglyc
emic pea
k Brassica
streptacantha Phaseolus
oleracea Allium
cepa an
d Allium
vulgaris Psidum guajava
sativum
only decreased
the
Spinacea oleracea
hype
rglycemic peak The
glycemic
decreases cau
sed by Psidum guajava
Brassica oleracea
and Lactuca sativa
were no
t sign
ifican
tAllium
cepa
Oral ad
ministration of
Allo
xan-
Diabe
tic co
ndition ch
aracterized by
Sheela C
G et al Anti-diabe
tic
onion su
lfox
ide am
ino
diabe
tic rats
glucose intoleran
ce w
eigh
t loss
effects on
onion
and
garlic
acids
dep
letion
of liv
er glyco
gen im
prove
dsu
lfox
ide am
ino acids in rats
compared
to rats treated
with
Planta Med
ica 19
9561(4)356
ndash357
gliben
clam
ide an
d ins
ulin
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
415
(continued)
Allium
cepa
Allium
cepaaq
ueou
sMice
A significant inc
rease in the
weigh
t of
Al-Bek
airi A
M e
t al Tox
icity studies
extract give
n to m
ice for
testes and
epididym
us of the
treated
on Allium
cepa its effect on
3 mon
ths at a dose of
anim
als was observe
d Sp
erm cou
ntestrad
iol trea
ted m
ice an
d on
100 mg
kg in the
was significantly inc
reased
supp
orting
ep
ididym
al spe
rmatoz
oa
drink
ing water
an aphr
odisiac poten
tial Allium
cepa
Fitoterapia LXII 1
991430
1ndash30
6did not sho
w an estrog
enic or
antiestrog
enic activity an
d w
as dev
oid
of spermatotox
ic poten
tial
Allium
cepa
Ether extract of Allium
Albino rats
Extract sign
ifican
tly pr
even
ted an increa
se
Lata S e
t al Ben
eficial effects of
cepa
in serum
cho
lesterol and
triglyc
eride
Allium
sativum
Allium
cepaan
d
leve
ls c
aused by an
atherog
enic diet
Com
mipho
ra m
ukul on
The
extract provided
significant
experim
ental hy
perlip
idem
ia and
protection ag
ains
t athe
roge
nic diet-
athe
rosclerosismdash
A com
parative
induc
ed atherosclerosis
evalua
tion
JPostgrad Med
199
1(3)1
32ndash1
35
Allium
cepa
10ndash1
000
0 mg Allium
cepa
Mice
The
tum
or yield and
inc
iden
ce of
Belm
an S O
nion
and
garlic
oil inhibit
oil an
d Allium
sativum
pho
rbol-m
yristate-acetate promotion
tumor production C
arcino
gene
sis
oil ap
plied 3
3per w
eek
were inhibited in a dose-dep
enden
t19
834(8)1
063ndash
1065
man
ner ov
er the
ran
ge of 10
ndash100
000
mg
of onion
oil G
arlic
oil was also
inhibitory but was less effective
Allium
cepa
Extracted
onion
or ga
rlic
Human
trial
Onion
and
garlic
had
a significant
Bord
ia A
et al E
ffect of the
essen
tial
juice or equ
ivalen
t of
10 hea
lthy
protective action
aga
inst fat-ind
uced
oils of ga
rlic and
onion
on alim
en-
ethe
r-ex
tracted essen
tial
subjects
increa
ses in serum cho
lesterol and
tary hyp
erlip
idem
ia A
therosclerosis
oils a
dministered 4
plasm
a fibrinog
en and
a decrease in
1975
21(1)15ndash
19
rand
omly different day
sco
agulation time an
d fibrino
lytic
during 1 week
activity
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe barbadensisa poly-
Rats an
d m
ice
Benz
o[a]pyren
e-DNA adduc
t form
ation
Kim
HS Lee BM Inh
ibition of
Mill
saccha
ride fraction
extract
was significantly inh
ibited
in
benz
o[a]pyren
e-DNA adduc
t ASP
HODELA
CEAE
Mice ad
ministered oral
variou
s orga
ns (p
000
1) w
hen mice
form
ation by
Aloe barbadensis
Kumari
dose of 10 mg follo
wed
were pretrea
ted w
ith aloe
The
se results
Miller C
arcino
gene
sis 19
9718(4)
Aloe ve
rawith 16
day
s of treatmen
t su
ggest a ch
emop
rotective effect
771ndash
776
at 50 mg per m
ouse
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
juice prep
ared
Placebo
-Bloo
d suga
r leve
ls and
triglyc
eride
Yon
gcha
iyud
ha SV e
t al
from
aloe ge
l 1 tablespoo
n co
ntrolle
dleve
ls w
ere decreased
significantly
Antidiabe
tic activity of Aloe vera
23pe
r day
for at least
and single-
Whe
n give
n Aloe vera
juice
L juice I Clin
ical trial in ne
w2 weeks
blind trial
cases of diabe
tes mellitus
50
men
22
Phy
tomed
199
63(3)241
ndash243
wom
en w
ith
diabe
tes
416
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
gel ve
rsus
no
Phase III
Dermatitis sco
res were virtua
lly iden
tical
Williams MS et al Pha
se III
trea
tmen
tdou
ble-blind
on both trea
tmen
t arms dur
ing bo
th
dou
ble-blind eva
luation of an
rand
omized
the trials T
his dose sche
dule of an Aloe
aloe
vera ge
l as a proph
ylactic
trial Trial 1
vera
gel doe
s no
t pr
otect ag
ains
t ag
ent for radiation
-ind
uced
skin
194 wom
en
radiation
toxicity Int J R
adiat Onc
ol B
iol
Trial 2 10
8Phy
sics 199
636
(2)3
45ndash3
49
wom
enAloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
extract cream 05
Dou
ble-blind
Patien
ts w
ith slight to mod
erate ch
ronic
Syed
TA e
t al M
anag
emen
t of
100 g of placebo
or active
placebo
-plaqu
e-type
psoriasis w
ere treated
psoriasis w
ith Aloe ve
ra extract in
ingred
ient 3
3 daily for
controlle
d
By the en
d of the study 25
30a hy
drophilic
cream
A placebo
5 co
nsecutive
day
s pe
r study 60
(833
) were cu
red com
pared to 2
30co
ntrolle
d dou
ble-blind study
week (m
axim
um 4 w
eeks)
patients with
(66) in the
placebo
group Pso
riasis
Trop Med
Int H
ealth 19
961(4)
psoriasis
and A
rea an
d Sev
erity Index
sco
re50
5ndash50
9decreased
to a mea
n of 22
Aloe barbadensis
CARN 750
is a po
lydispersed
Mye
losu
p-Su
bcutan
eous ad
ministration sign
ifican
tly
Egg
er SF et al Hem
atop
oietic
b(14)-lin
ked acetylated
pressed
(7 Gy)
increased splenic an
d periphe
ral bloo
d
augm
entation
by a be
ta-(14)-
man
nan isolated
from
C57BL6 mice
cellu
larity a
s well as hem
atop
oietic
linke
d m
anna
n C
ancer Im
mun
ol
Aloe barbadensis
proge
nitors in sp
leen
and
bon
e marrow
Immuno
ther 1
99643(4)1
95ndash2
05
(hem
atop
oietic aug
men
tation
)Aloe barbadensis
Aloe vera
gel
Clin
ical and
Patien
ts w
ere treated w
ith Aloe vera
Visuthiko
sol V et al Effect of
histolog
icge
l co
mpared
with va
selin
e ga
uze
Aloe ve
ra gel to he
aling of burn
study
The
aloe trea
ted-group
hea
led
wou
nd and
clin
ical and
histologic
27 patients
sign
ifican
tly faster in 11
98 day
sstudy JMed
Assoc
Tha
iland
199
5with partial
whe
reas petroleum
jelly
-treated
group
78(8)4
03ndash4
09
thickn
ess bu
rns
healed
in 18
19 day
s (p
000
2)Aloe barbadensis
Top
ical applic
ation of
Mice
Top
ical app
lication of gel impr
oved
Strick
land
FM e
t al Pr
even
tion
of
016
7ndash167
aloe ge
lUV-ind
uced
immune
suppr
ession
by
ultraviolet rad
iation
-ind
uced
after each
irrad
iation
a mecha
nism
tha
t doe
s no
t invo
lve
supp
ression of con
tact and
delay
edDNA dam
age or rep
air
hypersens
itivity by
Aloe barbadensis
gel ex
tract JInv
est Dermatol 199
410
2(2)197
ndash204
Aloe barbadensis
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used
of pow
dered
plant
dosed
for 10
the plants were studied
in rats for 10
Indian ab
ortifacien
t plants with
material Adhatoda vasica
day
sday
s after insemination with sp
ecial
special referenc
e to the
ir teratolog
ic
Abrus precatorius Acacia
referenc
e to effects of fetal
effects in rats J Ethno
pharm 199
2arabica Aloe barbadensis
dev
elop
men
t Leaf ex
tracts of
36147
ndash154
Anethum
sowa Apium
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
petroselinium Banbusa
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
417
(continued)
arundensis Blepharis
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
edulis Butea monosperma
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Lepidum sativum
Mesua
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
ferrea Moringa oleifera
at the
doses tested
Mucuna pruriens
Raphanus sativus Sida
cordifolia Trachyspermum
ammai
Aloe barbadensis
Aceman
nan the
USA
NMice rats
No sign
ifican
t sign
s of intox
ication an
d
Foglem
an R
W e
t al Tox
icolog
ic
accepted
nam
e for the
and dog
sno
dea
ths oc
curred
in an
imals trea
ted
evaluation of injectable acem
anna
n long
-cha
in polyd
ispe
rsed
with
the
single injection of A
ceman
nan
in the
mou
se rat an
d dog
Vet
b-(14)-acetylated
at dosag
es of 80
mg
kg IV or 20
0 mg
Hum Tox
icol 199
234
(3)2
01ndash2
05
polyman
nose w
ith
kg IP in m
ice 15 mg
kg or 50 m
gkg
interspersed o-acetylated
IP in rats an
d 10 mg
kg IV or 50
mg
grou
ps extracted
from
kgIP in dog
sAloe barbadensis 1 m
gmL
solution
eithe
r as a 1
dose or rep
eated at
4-day
interva
ls for 8
doses by IV
or IP rou
tes
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe barbadensis
Mice m
urine
Sarcom
as grew in 10
0 of the co
ntrol
Peng
SY e
t al Decreased
mortality
Aceman
nan lon
g ch
ain
sarcom
a cells
an
imals an
d resulted in mortality in
of N
orman
mur
ine sarcom
a in
polydispersed b
(14)-
subc
utan
eously
20ndash4
6 day
s dep
ending on
the
num
ber
mice trea
ted w
ith im
muno
-lin
ked m
anna
n polym
ers
implan
ted
of cells implan
ted 4
0 of an
imals
mod
ulator Aceman
nan M
ol
with rand
om O
-acetyl
trea
ted w
ith Aceman
nan su
rvived
Biother 199
13(3)79ndash
87
grou
ps give
n IP
Aloe barbadensis
Gastric administration of
Rab
bits
Results sho
wed
tha
t tolbutamide an
dRom
an-R
amos
R e
t al Exp
erim
ental
water tolbu
tamide or a
studied plants excep
t Aloe barbadensis
study of the
hyp
oglycemic effect
plan
t preparation
decreased
significantly the
area un
der
of som
e an
tidiabe
tic plan
ts A
rch
the gluco
se toleran
ce curve in
Inve
st M
ed (Mex
) 19
912287ndash9
3relation
to the water con
trol group
Aloe barbadensis
Exu
date of Aloe barbadensis
Allo
xan-diabe
tic
Hyp
oglycemic effects of aloe
on seru
m
Ajabn
oor MA Effect of aloes on
leav
es and
bitter
mice
gluc
ose leve
ls w
ere insign
ifican
t bloo
d gluco
se lev
els in normal
principle A
dministered
whe
reas the
bitter pr
inciple w
as
and allo
xan diabe
tic mice
orally 50
0 mg
kg
high
ly significant and
exten
ded ove
r a
JEthno
pha
rm 199
028
(2)2
15ndash2
20
The
bitter pr
inciple w
asperiod of 24
hou
rs The
max
imum
ad
ministered IP 5 m
gkg
decrease in plasm
a gluc
ose leve
l was
observed
at day
5 in bo
th cases
Alpinia galanga
Ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Alpinia galanga
trea
tmen
t sign
ifican
tly
Quresh
i S et al Effect of Alpinia
(L) Sw
Alpinia galanga
decreased
the
effect of ind
uced
galangatrea
tmen
t on
cytolog
ical
ZIN
GIBERACEAE
rhizom
es Minim
um
micronu
clea
ted polyc
hrom
atic
and bioch
emical cha
nges ind
uced
Malay
avacha
effective dose was 125
erythr
ocytes (MPE
) witho
ut altering
by cyc
lopho
spha
mide in m
ice
Java
galan
gal
mg
kg bod
y weigh
tcy
totoxicity B
ioch
emical cha
nges
Int J Ph
armacog
199
432
(2)1
71ndash1
77
caus
ed by MPE in the liv
er w
ere
also significantly inh
ibited
418
Alpinia galanga
Ethan
olic extract of
Rats
Sign
ifican
t decrease in the
inten
sity of
Al-Yah
ya M
A et al Gastric
Alpinia galanga
at a
muco
sal dam
age was gastric observe
d
antisecretory antiulcer and
dose of 500 m
gkg
Alpinia galanga
prod
uced a significant
cytoprotective properties of
decrease in gastric secretion
in py
loru
s etha
nolic
extract of A galanga
ligated
rats an
d a highly sign
ifican
t W
illd in rats P
hytother R
es 199
0cy
toprotective effect aga
inst ind
uced
4(3)112
ndash114
cy
todestruction
Alpinia galanga
Ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Tox
icities studies were don
e N
oQuresh
i S et al Tox
icity studies on
rhizom
es of Alpinia
sign
ifican
t mortality co
mpared
to
Alpinia galanga
and Curcuma longa
galangaan
d Curcuma
controls w
as noted
The
gain in
Planta Med
199
258
(2)1
24ndash1
27
longa A
cute dos
ages
weigh
ts of sexu
al organ
s an
d05 10 an
d 3 gkg
bod
yincrea
sed spe
rm m
otility and
spe
rmweigh
t Chr
onic dos
age
counts were ob
served
in bo
th groups
100 mg
kg per day
The
se cha
nges w
ere high
ly significant
in the
Alpinia galanga-treated
group
Both ex
tracts failed to sh
ow any
spermatotox
ic effects
Ananas comosus
Bromelain a proteolytic
Piglets
Administration of bromelain can
Myn
ott TL e
t al Oral ad
ministration
(L) Merr
extract ob
tained
from
inhibit Enterotox
igen
ic Escherichia
of protease inhibits enterotox
igen
ic
BROMELIA
CEAE
pine
apple stems
coli(ETEC) receptor activity in vivo an
dEscherichia colireceptor activity in
Ana
nas
may
be us
eful for preve
ntion of K
881
piglet small intestine G
ut 199638(1)
Pineapple
ETEC-ind
uced
diarrhe
a28
ndash32
Ananas
Enz
yme fraction
s derived
12
rats with
Results ind
icate de
bridem
ent (the
Row
an A
D et al Deb
ridem
ent of
Comosus
from
the
stem of
full thickn
ess
remov
al of un
healthy tissue) of the
experim
ental full-thickn
ess sk
in
pine
apple
skin burns
injury cou
ld be effected
rap
idly
burns of rats with en
zyme fraction
s (w
ithin 4 ho
urs) Pineapple ha
sderived
from pinea
pple stems
poten
tial as a no
nsurgical deb
riding
Burns 19
9016(4)243
ndash246
ag
ent
Andrographis
Kan
Jan
g herba
l extract
Ran
dom
ized
No sign
ifican
t differenc
e in the
occurren
ceCaceres D
D et al Preve
ntion of
paniculata
principle ing
redient is
dou
ble-blind
of colds be
tween the study grou
p an
dco
mmon
colds with Andrographis
(Burmf) Nees
Andrographis paniculata
study 107
the placebo
con
trol In the third m
onth
paniculata
dried
extract A
pilo
tACANTHACEAE
approximately 2 tablet
healthy vo
l-there was a significant decrease in the
dou
ble blind trial P
hytomed
icine
Kirta
per day
of 10
0 mg ea
chun
teers all
occu
rren
ce of co
ld in the stud
y grou
p19
974(2)1
01ndash1
04
King of Bitters
approximately
compared
to the placebo
18
yea
rs old
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
419
(continued)
Andrographis
Kan
jang
tab
lets s
tand
ardized
Con
trolled
A decrease of the
subjective
sym
ptom
s Melch
ior J et al Con
trolled clin
ical
paniculata
Andrographis paniculata
dou
ble-blind
and dur
ation of sym
ptoms of the
study of stand
ardized
Andrographis
extract
pilot study
common
cold w
ere sign
ifican
tly
paniculata
extract in com
mon
coldmdash
50 patients
reduc
ed (p
002
5)a pilo
t trial Phy
tomed
icine 19
96
1997
3(4)3
15ndash3
18
Andrographis
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Spon
tane
ously
Dose-dep
enden
t hy
poten
sive
effect on
Zha
ng C
Y T
an BK H
ypoten
sive
paniculata
Andrographis paniculata
hypertens
ive
systolic blood
pressur
e was studied
activity of aq
ueou
s ex
tract of
Chr
onic IP infusion
s rats and
Plasm
a an
gioten
sin-co
nverting
Andrographis paniculata
in rats
by osm
otic pum
ps
Wistar-
enzy
me activities as well as kidne
yClin
Exp
Pha
rm Phy
s 19
9623(8)
Kyo
to rats
thioba
rbitur
ic acid lev
el w
ere
675ndash
678
sign
ifican
tly decreased
in ex
tract-
trea
ted versu
s co
ntrols
Andrographis
Adrographis paniculata
Dog
mod
elFind
ings
ind
icate that Andrographis
Guo ZL et al An ex
perimen
tal
paniculata
paniculata
may
decrease the ne
gative
study of the
mecha
nism
of
effects of ische
mic rep
erfusion
(by
Andrographis paniculata
Nees(APN)
decreasing the ha
rmful effects of free-
in alle
viating the Ca(21
)-ov
er-
radical dam
age)
load
ing in the
process of myo
- card
ial isch
emic rep
erfusion
J
Ton
gji Med
Univ 1995
15(4)205
ndash208
Andrographis
Andrographis paniculata
Clin
ical trial
Results sho
w tha
t post Extraco
rporea
lMuan
gman
V e
t al The
usage
of
paniculata
tablets (250
mg)
100 patients
Shoc
k W
ave Litho
tripsy (ESW
L)
Andrographis paniculata
follo
wing
4 tablets tid 25 patients
with rena
lpyu
ria an
d hem
aturia in patients
Extraco
rporea
l Sh
ock W
ave
give
n co
trim
oxazole
ston
es and
receiving Andrographis paniculata
Litho
tripsy
(ESW
L) J Med
2 tablets bid 2
5 patients
norm
al ren
alwere reduced to 069
and
055
Assoc
Tha
iland
199
578
(6)3
10ndash3
13
received
norflox
acin
func
tion
compared
to pre-ESW
L value
200 mg bid
Authors co
nclude Andrographis
paniculata
is ben
eficial for post-
ESW
L urina
ry tract infection
Andrographis
Extract of Andrographis
Clin
ical trial
Extract can
significantly alle
viate
Wan
g DW
Hua
YZ Prev
ention
of
paniculata
paniculata
patien
tsathe
rosclerotic sten
osis and
resteno
sis
athe
rosclerotic arterial steno
sis
with sten
osis
after ex
perimen
tal an
giop
lasty A
4-
and resteno
sis after an
giop
lasty
week follo
w-up show
ed dila
ted ilia
cwith Andrographis paniculata
arteries in co
ntrol grou
p all ha
d sev
ere
nees and
fish oil Chine
se M
ed J
resten
osis b
ut Andrographis
(Eng
lish Ed) 19
94107
(6)4
64ndash4
70
paniculata-treated
group
had
no or
only m
ild resteno
sis oc
cur
Andrographis
Andrographis paniculata
Ran
dom
ized
Efficacy of paracetam
ol or high
dose
Tha
mlik
itku
l V e
t al Efficacy
of
paniculata
3 g
d or 6 g
d for
dou
ble-blind
of Andrographis paniculata
was
Andrographis paniculata N
ees for
7 da
ys or Pa
racetamol
study
15
2sign
ifican
tly more effective than
low
pha
ryng
oton
sillitis in adults J Med
ad
ults with
dose of Andrographis paniculata
atAssoc
Tha
iland
199
174
(10)437
ndash442
ph
aryn
go-
day
3 in term
s of the
relief of fev
ertons
illitis
and sore throat
420
Andrographis
And
rograp
holid
e a
Rats
Andrographis paniculata
exhibited stron
g Tripathi G
S T
ripathi Y
B C
holeretic
paniculata
diterpe
ne iso
lated from
choleratic action whe
n ad
ministered
action
of And
rograp
holid
e ob
tained
Andrographis
IP The
sub
stan
ce ind
uced an increa
se
from
Andrographis paniculata
in
paniculata
in bile
flow and
a cha
nge in phy
sical
rats P
hytother R
es 199
1517
6ndash17
8properties of bile secretion
Andrographis
A m
ixture of Andrographis
Hum
an trial
Herba
l mixture w
as administered to
Ram
ji et al E
ffect of K
almeg
ha and
paniculata
paniculata
and Emblica
35 patients
patients with Hep
atitis B
1 B
2 a
ndAmlaki com
pou
nd on viral
officinalis
hepa
titis B
1
post he
patitis syn
drome The
mixture
hepatitis (Kos
htha
-Sha
khashr
ita
hepa
titis B
2
dem
onstrated efficacy in red
ucing
Kam
ala) A
ryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)
and post-
clinical sym
ptom
s improving
liver
164ndash
169
hepa
titis
func
tion
an
d album
in
synd
rome
Andrographis
Decoc
tion
of Andrographis
Hum
anHep
atoc
ellular jaund
ice was m
onitored
Tom
ar G
S Singh
RN Treatmen
t of
paniculata
paniculata
of 60 ml
trial 60
Yellow color of the co
njunc
tiva
he
patoc
ellular jaund
ice with
day
(eq
uiva
lent to 40
gpa
tien
tsim
prove
d 100 ten
der hep
atic
Kalmeg
h (Andrographis paniculata)
of cru
de drug) in 3
with he
pato-
enlargem
ent decreased
in 96
w
ithin
Aryav
aidya
n 19
9011(3ndash
3)156
ndash162
divided
dos
es A
verage
cellu
lar
20 day
s of treatmen
t Loss of
trea
tmen
t 23
12
4 day
sjaund
ice
appetite in 100
w
as improve
d after
4ndash5 da
ys S
everal tests w
ere high
lysign
ifican
t after trea
tmen
t seru
mbilirubin alkaline pho
spha
tase s
erum
tran
sferase
Andrographis
Alcoh
ol extract of
Guinea
pigs
Extract ex
hibited sign
ifican
t an
tidiarrhe
alGupta S et al A
ntidiarrho
eal activity
paniculata
Andrographis
and rab
bits
activity aga
inst Escherichia coli en
terotoxins
of diterpen
es of Andrographis
paniculata
in animal m
odels
paniculata
(Kal-M
egh) aga
inst
Escherichia colien
terotoxin in in
vivo
mod
els Int JCru
de Drig Res
1990
(4)2
73ndash2
83
Andrographis
Andrographis
Rats
Rep
eated administration of leaf
Cho
udhu
ry BR et al In vivoan
d
paniculata
paniculata
leaf extract
extract positively effected
microsomal
in vitro
effects of K
almeg
h an
d and
rograp
holid
edru
g metab
olizing en
zyme system
s of
(Andrographis paniculata) ex
tract an
dthe rat liv
er (he
patic m
icroso
mal
andrograp
holid
e on
hep
atic
aniline
hydroxy
lase N
-dem
ethy
lase
microsomal dru
g metab
olizing
and O
-dem
ethy
lase enz
ymes)
enzy
mes P
lanta Med
198
753
13
5ndash14
0
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
421
(continued)
Apium
graveolens L
Aqu
eous celery extract
Rats
Seru
m cho
lesterol con
centration
was
Tsi D
Tan
BK E
ffects of celery
UMBELLIFE
RAE
administered
sign
ifican
tly decreased
(p
005)
extract an
d 3-N
-butylphtha
lide
Ajm
oda
intrap
eriton
eally
compared
to co
ntrols Celery ex
tract
on lipid lev
els in gen
etically
Celery
was effective
in prev
enting
the
rise of
hype
rcho
lesterolae
mic (RIC
O) rats
cholesterol leve
l in rats
Clin
Exp
Pha
rmacol Phy
siol
1996
23(3)214
ndash217
Apium
graveolens
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats with
A significant hep
atop
rotective activity
Sing
h A H
anda SS
Hep
atop
rotective
the seed
s of Apium
paracetamol-
of the
metha
nolic
extract of the seed
sactivity of Apium
graveolensan
dgraveolens
and
induced
of both plants was rep
orted
Hygrophila auriculataag
ains
tHygrophila auriculata
liver
paracetam
ol and
thioa
cetamide
dam
age
intoxication
in rats JE
thno
pharm
1995
1549
(3)1
19ndash1
26
Apium
graveolens
Aqu
eous celery extract
Wistar rats
At the en
d of 8 weeks a
significant
Tsi D
et al Effects of a aq
ueou
s 2 grou
ps fed high fat
decrease was fou
nd in total seru
m
celery (Apium
graveolens) extract
diets 1
group also fed
cholesterol LD
L ch
olesterol an
d
on lipid param
eters of rats fed a
aqueo
us celery extract
triglyceride co
ncen
trations
high
fat diet Plan
ta M
ed 199
561(1)
18ndash2
1Apium
graveolens
From
celery seed
oil 3-
Mice with
After treatmen
t with co
mpou
nds
Zhe
ng G
Q et al Che
mop
reve
ntion
n-bu
tylphtha
lide
benz
o[a]
tumor inc
iden
ce w
as decreased
from
of ben
z-[a]pyren
e-induc
ed fore-
sedan
olide and
pyrene
-68
to 30 and
11
A red
uction in
stom
ach canc
er in mice by
natur
al
p-men
tha-28-dien-1-ol
induced
tumor m
ultiplic
ity of 67
and
83
phtha
lides from celery root seed
were tested
tumorigen
esis
was observe
d w
ith 3-n-bu
tylphtha
lide
oil Nutr C
ancer 19
9319(1)77ndash
86
and sed
anolide D
ata indicate bo
thwere active
in tumor inh
ibition
Apium
graveolens
80 ethan
olic extract of
Rats with
Results sh
owed
tha
t the plan
tsAl-Hindaw
i MK e
t al Anti-
Achillea santolina
carrag
eena
n-possessed
varying
deg
rees of an
ti-
inflam
matory activity of some
Apium
graveolens
induced
inflam
matory activity in the follo
wing
Iraq
i plants using
intact rats
Matricaria chamomilla
paw edem
adescend
ing order W
ithania somnifera
JEthno
pha
rm 198
926
(2)1
63ndash1
68
Myrtus communis
Apium
graveolens Achillea santolina
Withania somnifera
and
Matricaria chamomilla Myrtus communis
Acetylsalicylic acid used
as stand
ard drug
Areca catechu
L
Betel nut ch
ewing
Mailed question
-11
6 resp
onses to question
naire
Lee CN et al Betel nut an
d sm
oking
PALMAE
naire 223
co
mpared
to he
althy mem
bers of the
Are the
y bo
th protective in
Poo
gapa
tien
ts w
ith
community It ap
pears that smok
ing
ulcerative co
litis A pilo
t study
Areca nut
inflam
matory
and betel nut ch
ewing reduce the
risk
Arquivos de Gastroe
nterol
bowel disea
seof dev
elop
ing ulcerative
colitis
1996
33(1)3ndash5
Areca catechu
Betel nut ch
ewing
Con
trolled
A significant inc
rease in m
itom
ycin C
Trive
di AH e
t al Eleva
ted m
utag
en
clinical
(MMC)-induc
ed sister ch
romatid
suscep
tibility in cultured
trial 40
exch
ange
(SC
E)cell va
lues w
ere
lymph
ocytes of oral can
cer
oral can
cer
observed
amon
g oral can
cer patients
patie
nts A
ntican
cer Res 199515
(6B)
40 tob
acco
(betel nut ch
ewers) as co
mpared
to
2589
ndash259
2ch
ewers 40
healthy no
nche
wer con
trols
healthy
individuals
422
Areca catechu
Betel quid che
wing
Hum
anRea
ctive ox
ygen
spe
cies O
H rad
ical
Nair UJ et al Ortho
- an
dcons
isting
of be
tel leaf
trial 5
are form
ed in the hu
man
oral cavity
metatyros
ine form
ation from
areca qu
id catech
u an
dvo
lunteers
during
betel quid che
wing an
d m
ay be
phe
nylalanine
in hu
man
saliva as
slak
ed lim
e (w
itho
ut
implic
ated
in the ge
netic dam
age that
a marke
r of hyd
roxy
l radical
toba
cco)
has be
en obs
erve
d in oral epithe
lial
gene
ration
during be
tel qu
idcells
of ch
ewers
chew
ing C
arcino
gene
sis
(Oxford) 19
9516(5)119
5ndash11
98
Areca catechu
Che
wing an
d smok
ing
Case-controlle
dIncreased risk of oral su
bmuco
us
Mah
er R
Role of areca nut in the
habits and
oral
clinical
fibros
is w
as obs
erve
d for areca nu
tcaus
ation of oral su
bmuco
us
subm
uco
us fibrosis
trial 15
7ch
ewing W
hen the ha
bit was
fibros
is a case-con
trol study in
(OSF
)cases an
dpracticed
alone
app
eared to ha
vePak
istan JOral Patho
l Med
199
415
7 co
ntrols
high
est risk followed
by ldquop
aanrdquo
with
23(2)6
5ndash69
or w
itho
ut toba
cco D
aily con
sumption
rates ap
pea
red to be
more im
portant
with resp
ect to risk than
lifetim
e duration
of ha
bit
Areca catechu
Areca nut pow
der added
Mice
Areca nut decreased
mace-indu
ced
Sing
h A Rao
AR Mod
ulatory effect
to feed
increa
ses in hep
atic glutathione
-S-
of areca nut on
the
action of m
ace
tran
sferase an
d sulphh
ydryl leve
ls and
(Myristica fragrans H
outt) on
the
elev
ated
fur
ther inc
reases in the leve
lshe
patic detox
ification sy
stem
in
of cytochr
ome b5
and
P-450
mice Foo
d C
hem Tox
ic 199
331
(7)
517ndash
521
Areca catechu
Oral ha
bits
Retrosp
ective
Ana
lyses confirmed
an association
van W
yk C
W et al The
areca nut
study
betw
een nu
t ch
ewing an
d che
ekch
ewing ha
bit an
d oral sq
uamou
s 14
3 men
canc
er T
he data sh
owed
tha
t areca
cell carcinom
a in Sou
th A
frican
an
d w
omen
nut ha
bit with or w
itho
ut toba
cco use
Indians
A retrosp
ective
study
with oral
is important in the dev
elop
men
t of
South A
frican
Med
J 199
383
(6)
squa
mou
soral squ
amou
s carcinom
a42
5ndash42
9carcinom
aAreca catechu
Areca nut decoction
Case stud
yA case stud
y dem
onstrated the
Fu H
H e
t al Areca nut in the
effectiven
ess of areca nut decoc
tion
in
trea
tmen
t of diphy
llobo
thrium
the trea
tmen
t of Diphyllobothrium
latum infection
Rep
ort of a
latum
infection
case study C
hin Med
J 195
169
40
7ndash40
9
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
423
(continued)
Artemisia vulgaris L
Infusion
Urtica dioica
Human
An he
rbal infusion
used to irriga
te the
Dav
idov
MI et al Po
stad
enom
ectomy
COMPO
SITAE
Hypericum
trial 22
blad
der after prostate ad
enom
ectomy
phy
toperfusion
of the blad
der
Nag
adam
niperformatum
pa
tien
ts post-
reduc
ed post op
erative bloo
d loss
Urologiya
INefrologiya
199
50(5)
Mug
wort
Matricaria recutita
pros
tate
bacteriuria preve
nted
hem
orrh
agic
19ndash2
0Plantaginis majoris
aden
omectomy
and puru
lent inflammation
Herba millefolii
Betula Artemisia
vulgaris Fragaria vesca
Asparagus
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plan
ts significantly inh
ibited
the
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of som
e Indian
racemosus
Willd
Picrorhiza kurrooa
carcinog
en och
ratoxin-induced
herbs on
macroph
age func
tion
s ASP
ARAGACEA
ETinospora cordifolia
supp
ression of che
motactic activity
in och
ratoxin A treated
mice J
Shatau
ari
Withania somnifera
and the
produc
tion
of interleu
kin-1
Ethno
pha
rm 199
758
(5)1
5ndash20
Asp
arag
us
and tumor necrosis factor-a
bymacroph
ages
Asparagus
1 capsu
le 3
3pe
r day
30
patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
racemosus
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also in its
composite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs o
ncontaining
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
ability to slow
ly disintegrate bo
thcalculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus5
0 mg
ureters or
calcium-oxa
late and
calcium
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
blad
ders
carbon
ate crys
tals in a sp
an of 72
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
mg Eclipta alba
100
hours and
com
plete disch
arging
of
mg Myristica fragrans
crystals w
ithin 15
ndash30 day
s C
omplete
10 m
g Tinospora
disch
arge
occur
red in grea
ter than
cordifolia1
00 m
g80
of the patients
Tribulus terrestris 50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gAsparagus
2 g pow
dered
roo
t of
Clin
ical crossov
erBasal gastric emptying t12
was 159
9Dalvi SS et al Effect of Asparagus
racemosus
Asparagus racemosus
study
8
that w
as red
uced by Asparagus
racemosus
(Sha
tava
ri) on
gastric
compa
red to stan
dard
norm
alracemosus
to 101
(p
000
1) and
by
emptying time in normal hea
lthy
treatm
ent of 10 mg
healthy male
metoc
lopr
amide to 853 (p
000
1)
volunteers J Postgrad M
ed 199
0tablet m
etoclopramide
volunteers
Asparagus racemosus
and
36(2)9
1ndash94
metoc
lopr
amide did not differ
sign
ifican
tly in the
ir effect
Asparagus
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
Whe
n co
mpared
with co
ntrol grou
ps
Tha
tte UM Dah
anuka
r SA
racemosus
Tinospora cordifolia
all four
dru
gs preve
nted
to va
rying
Com
parative stud
y of
glucan an
d lithium
for
deg
rees leuc
open
ia Both indigen
ous
immuno
mod
ulating activity of
15 day
splants were poten
t im
muno
stim
ulants
Indian
med
icinal plants lithium
with effects comparab
le to lithium
carbon
ate an
d glucan M
etho
ds
and glucan
Find
Exp
Clin
Pha
rmacol
1988
10(10
)639
ndash644
Azadirachta indica
Pur
ified ne
em extracts
Rats bab
oons
Pr
egna
ncy was terminated
(with oral
Talwar G
P et al Ind
uced
termination
A Juss
orally delivered
and m
onke
ysne
em) su
ccessfully in roden
tsof pregn
ancy
by pur
ified extracts
MELIA
CEAE
and primates w
ith no
significant side
of Azadirachta indica(N
eem)
Arish
taeffects
Mecha
nism
s invo
lved
Am J
Neem
Rep
rod Immun
ol 199737(6)4
85ndash4
91
424
Azadirachta indica
Lea
f po
wder of
Male albino
rats
Results sugg
est a po
ssible rev
ersible
Joshi AR e
t al Effect of Azadirachta
Azadirachta indica
antian
droge
nic pr
operty of the leav
es
indica
leav
es on testis and
its
reco
very in albino
rats Ind
ian
JExp
Biol 19
9634(11
)109
1ndash10
94
Azadirachta indica
Neem oil in m
ixed
in
Con
trolled
Results rev
ealed 81
ndash91
mosqu
ito
Mishr
a AK e
t al Use of ne
em oil as
coconu
t oil (1ndash4)
field study
repellant action during
12-ho
ur pe
riod
a mosqu
ito repe
llent in tribal
exposed
of observa
tion
from bites of
villa
ges of M
andla district Mad
hya
body pa
rts
anop
helin
e mosqu
itoe
sPradesh Ind
ian J Malariol 19
95
of hum
an32
(3)9
9ndash10
3vo
lunteers
Azadirachta indica
Neem cream
Con
trolled
App
lication of neem cream
to ex
posed
Dua
VK Rep
ellent action of neem
field study
body parts sho
wed
78
89
a
nd
cream aga
inst m
osqu
itoe
s Ind
ian J
exposed
944 protection ag
ains
t Aed
es
Malariology
199
532
(2)4
7ndash53
bo
dy pa
rts
Culex
and
Ano
phe
les mos
quitoe
sof hum
anresp
ective
ly Sign
ifican
t differenc
evo
lunteers
was observe
d between ne
em cream
-trea
ted and
untreated
group for Aed
emos
quitoe
sAzadirachta indica
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
iaad
ministered postinfective
preinfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia in
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
sing
le and
multiple dos
es of ex
tract
mice with a trad
itiona
lly prescribe
d
Terminalia chebula
Salmonella
and had
a significant the
rapeu
tic
crud
e dru
g form
ulation
J
Tinospora cordifolia
typhi
effect in reduc
ing septicemia
Ethno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aque
ous alco
hol etha
nol
1 stock solution us
edto prepa
re dilu
tion
sOral or subc
utane
ous
administration
Azadirachta indica
Extracts of neem lea
ves
Rats
Neem dose dep
ende
ntly decreased
gastric
Garg GP et al The
gastric antiulcer
ulcer sev
erity in rats ub
jected
to stress
effects of the
lea
ves of the
Neem
and also decreased
ethan
ol provo
ked
tree Plan
ta M
ed 199
359
215
ndash217
ga
stric muc
osal dam
age
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
425
(continued)
Azadirachta indica
Azadirachta indicaan
dPilo
t stud
yIn 97
of the cases a cur
e of scabies w
as
Cha
rles V
Cha
rles SX T
he use and
Curcuma longapa
ste
814 patients
obtained
within 3ndash
15 day
s of treatmen
tefficacy
of Azadirachta indicaADR
with scab
ies
(ldquoNeemrdquo) and
Curcuma longa
(ldquoTurm
ericrdquo) in scab
iesA pilo
tstudy Trop G
eogr M
ed 199
244
17
8ndash18
1Azadirachta indica
A decoc
tion
of the follo
wing
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoc
tion
and
Sati R
B Sh
arma RK Man
agem
ent of
herbs Azadirachta indica
cong
estive
Urgenic indica Patients with isch
emic
cong
estive
cardiac failu
re w
ith
Boerhaavia diffusa Cedrus
heart failu
rehe
art disease card
iomyo
pathy
and
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
deodara Picrorhiza kurrooa
cor pulmon
ale were give
n pow
der of
Aryav
aidy
an 199
04(2)123
ndash126
Terminalia chebula Tinospora
Inula racemosa w
hile patients with
cordifolia Trichosantes lobata
rheu
matic heart disea
se w
ere give
nInula raceomosa2 g 8
Commiphora mukul A
fter 2 w
eeks
hourly Commiphora mukul
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
12 g 8 ho
urly Urgenic
completely 2
had
bradyc
ardia and
indica 100 m
g 8 ho
urly
2 were refractory
Azadirachta indica
Group I Azadirachta indica
Ran
dom
Enc
ouraging
improve
men
t in treating
Nair RP et al Clin
ical eva
luation of
powder 4 g33
day
trial 60
vitilig
o (app
earanc
e of w
hite patch
esAyu
rved
ic prepa
ration
s in vitiligo
Pa
ste of Abrus precatorius
patien
tson
the
skin) w
as noted
in bo
th group
sJR
es A
yur Siddh 19
87VIII(1ndash
2)
and Plumbago zeylanica
with vitilig
o30
ndash38
applie
d externa
llyGroup
IIPow
der of
Phyllanthus emblica
Acacia catechuan
dseed
s of Psoralea
corylifolia
4 g
33day
Azadirachta indica
Neem oil ap
plie
d w
ith
Human
and
Used intrava
gina
lly ne
em w
as 100
Sinh
a KC e
t al N
eem oil as a
an applicator
anim
aleffective in preve
nting pregn
ancy
in
vagina
l co
ntraceptive Ind
ian
trial rats
subjects
JMed
Res 198
479
131
ndash136
rhesus
mon
keys
hu
man
sBacopa monnieri
Ayu
rved
ic prepa
ration
of
Dou
ble-blind
Ayu
rved
ic preparation was effective
in
Yad
av SK et al Irritable bo
wel
(L) Pe
nnell
Aegle marmelos
and Bacopa
rand
omized
649 w
hereas stand
ard the
rapy
was
synd
rome the
rape
utic ev
alua
tion
SC
ROPH
ULA
RIACEA
Emonnierifor 6 weeks
trial 16
9useful in 783
Placebo
patients
of ind
igen
ous dru
gs Indian JM
edBrahm
ive
rsus
stand
ard the
rapy
pa
tien
ts w
ith
improve
d 327
The
rapy was
Res Sect A-Infect Dis 198
990
Brahm
iof clid
inium bromide
irritable
particu
larly be
neficial in the diarrhe
a-49
6ndash50
3ch
lord
iaze
poxide and
bowel
predom
inan
t form
of IBS
isap
hagu
llasynd
rome
(IBS)
Bacopa monnieri
Con
stituen
ts of Bacopa
Rats
Bacosides app
eared to ha
ve a significant
Sing
h HK et al Effect of Bacos
ides A
monnieriaq
ueo
us
effect on men
tal retention capa
city of
and B on av
oidan
ce respon
ses in
susp
ension
of ba
cosides
rats by im
prov
ing resp
onses
rats P
hyto R
es 198
82(2)70ndash
75
A and
B
426
Bacopa monnieri
Aqu
eous
susp
ension
of
Rats
In Sho
ck-M
otivated
Brigh
tness-
Sing
h HK Dha
wan
BN
an alcoh
olic extract of
Discrim
ination Reaction the
treated
Effect of Bacopa monniera
Bacopa monnieri(40 mg
kg
grou
p sho
wed
significant better
Linn (brah
mi) extract on
orally) for 3 or m
ore day
sacqu
isition improv
ed reten
tion
an
dav
oida
nce resp
onses in rat J
delay
ed extinction In Active
Ethno
pharm 198
25(2)205
ndash214
Con
ditione
d Flig
ht R
eaction animals
show
ed a significant sho
rter reaction
time than
con
trols in flig
ht reaction
Boerhavia diffusa L
Aqu
eous
or po
wder roo
tRats
Extract exh
ibited
marke
d protection of a
Raw
at A
K et al Hep
atop
rotective
NYCTAGIN
ACEAE
of Boerhavia diffusa
majority of serum param
eters A
queo
us
activity of Boerhaavia diffusa
L
Puna
rnau
aAqu
eous ex
tract (2 m
lkg
) form
had
more he
patop
rotective
rootsmdash
A pop
ular Indian ethn
o-Sp
read
ing
of roo
tseffect tha
n po
wder T
his may
be
med
icine J Ethno
pharm 199
756
(1)
hogw
eed
due to better ab
sorp
tion
of the liq
uid
61ndash6
6throug
h ga
strointestinal tract
Boerhavia diffusa
Boerhavia diffusa
Golden
Form
ulation
had
a m
axim
um cure rate
Sohn
i YR B
hatt R
M A
ctivity of a
Berberis aristata
hamsters
of 73
as a dose of 800
mg
kg per day
crud
e ex
tract form
ulation
in
Tinospora cordifolia
with he
patic
in hep
atic amoe
biasis The
ave
rage
expe
rimen
tal he
patic amoe
biasis
Terminalia chebula
amoe
biasis
deg
ree of infection
to 14 co
mpared
to
and in im
mun
omod
ulation
studies
Zingiber officinale
42 for controls w
as red
uced
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
654
(2ndash3
)119
ndash124
Dried
and
pulve
rize
dplan
ts extracted
in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually
Metronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
yBoerhavia diffusa
Boerhavia diffusa
Rats with caecal
Form
ulation
had
a curative
rate of 89
So
hni YR e
t al The
anti-am
oebic
Berberis aristata
amoe
biasis
with av
erag
e deg
ree of infection
effect of a crude dru
g in
Tinospora cordifolia
(cae
cal am
oebiasis) (A
DI) red
uced to
form
ulation
of he
rbal extracts
Terminalia chebula
04 in a group dos
ed w
ith 50
0 mg
kg
agains
t En
tamoe
ba histolytica in
Zingiber officinale
per day
as co
mpared
with ADI
vitroan
d in vivo J Ethno
pha
rmDried
and
pulve
rize
dof 38 for con
trols
1995
45(1)43ndash
52
plan
ts extracted
in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually
Metronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
y
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
427
(continued)
Boerhavia diffusa
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
iaad
ministered postinfective
preinfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
sing
le a
nd m
ultiple doses of ex
tract
in m
ice with a trad
itiona
llyTerminalia chebula
Salmonella
and had
a significant the
rapeu
tic
prescribe
d crude dru
g form
ulation
Tinospora cordifolia
typhi
effect in reduc
ing septicemia
JEthno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aq
ueou
s alcoho
l etha
nol
1 stock
solution us
edto prepare dilu
tion
sOral or subcutane
ous
administration
Boerhavia diffusa
Ethan
olic extract of
Pregn
ant
Extract w
as fou
nd to be
dev
oid of an
ySing
h A et al An ex
perimen
tal
Boerhavia diffusa
albino
rats
teratoge
nic effect as litter size and
evaluation of possible teratoge
nic
Daily dose of 250
mg
kgdur
ing
survival rate of fetuses were same as
poten
tial in Boerhaavia diffusa
in
period
of
the co
ntrol an
d no fetal an
omaly
Albino rats Plan
ta M
ed 199
157
(4)
gestation
could be detected
315ndash31
6Boerhavia diffusa
Alcoh
olic extract of
Rats an
d m
ice
Extract exh
ibited
hep
atop
rotective
Cha
ndan
BK et al Boerhaavia diffusa
who
le plant of
activity aga
inst ind
uced hep
atox
icity
A study of its hep
atop
rotective
Boerhavia diffusa
and sho
wed
an increa
se in no
rmal bile
activity J Ethno
pha
rm 199
131
(3)
500 mg
kg at 48
24
an
dflow
sugg
esting
a stron
g ch
oleretic
299ndash30
72 ho
urs before an
d 6
activity N
o sign
s of tox
icity with an
hours after C
C14
oral dose up
to 2 g
kg
administration
Boerhavia diffusa
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sha
rma RK Man
agem
ent of
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica Patients with
cong
estive
cardiac failure w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic heart disease card
iomyo
pathy
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
and cor pulm
onale were give
n pow
der
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash1
26
Cedrus deodara
of Inula racemosa
while patients with
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rheu
matic heart disease w
ere give
nTerminalia chebula
Commiphora mukul After 2 w
eeks of
Tinospora cordifolia
trea
tmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Trichosantes lobata
completely 2 had
bradyc
ardia a
ndInula racemosa2 g 8
2 were refractory
hourly Commiphora
mukul1
2 g 8 ho
urly
Urgenic indica10
0 mg
8 ho
urly
Boswellia serrata
Boswellia serrata
gum
Con
trolled
Patien
ts suffering from
ulcerative co
litis
Gupta I et al Effects of Boswellia
Rox
bex
Coleb
rresin prepa
ration
clinical trial
all param
eters tested
improve
d after
serratagu
m resin in pa
tien
ts w
ith
BURSE
RACEAE
Dosag
e of 350 m
g 33
per
trea
tmen
t the resu
lts be
ing simila
r ulcerative co
litis Eur
J M
ed R
es
Shallaki
day
for 6 w
eeks or as a
to con
trols 82
treated
wen
t into
19972(1)3
7ndash43
Indian oliban
um
control su
lfasalazine
remission
for the su
lfasalaz
ine-
(1 g 3
3per day
)trea
ted group 75
428
Boswellia serrata
H15
a sp
ecial ex
tract of
Con
trolled
The
extract w
as effective
in reduc
ing
Etzel R
Sp
ecial ex
tract of
the gu
m resin of Boswellia
clinical
symptom
s of rhe
umatoid arthritis in
Boswellia serrata
(H15
) in the
serrata33
2 or 3
33
trial 26
050
ndash6
0 of pa
tien
ts inv
olve
d The
retreatm
ent of rhe
umatoid arthritis
tablets as a 400
mg
patients with
was a significant red
uction
in sw
ellin
g Ph
ytom
edicine 19
963(1)9
1ndash94
extract
rheu
matoid
and pain co
mpa
red to the placeb
oarthritis
Boswellia serrata
Boswellic
acids
Rats
Boswellic
acids were found
to po
ssess
Kap
il A E
ffect of Boswellic
acids
sign
ifican
t an
ti-inflammatory an
don
com
plemen
t in adjuva
nt- an
dco
mplem
ent-inhibitory activities
carrag
eena
n-induc
ed inflammation
Inflam
mop
harm
acolog
y 1994
2
361ndash
367
Boswellia serrata
Acetyl-bo
swellic
acids
Mice trea
ted
Mice were give
n the ex
tract 1 ho
ur before
Safayh
i H e
t al Pr
otection
by
(ac-BA
) isolated
from
with ga
lactos-
administration with ga
lactosam
ine
bosw
ellic
acid aga
inst
gum resin of Boswellia
amine
endotox
in T
he extract significantly
galactosam
ine
endotox
in-
serrata
endotox
in to
reduced seru
m enz
yme activities The
induced hep
atitis in mice
induce
extractrsquos protection was interpr
eted
in
Bioch
em Pha
rmacol 199
141
(10)
hepatitis
term
s of its ability to inh
ibit the
15
36ndash1
537
form
ation of leu
kotriene
sBoswellia serrata
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Osteo
arthritis pa
tien
ts w
ere rand
omly
Kulkarni R
R et al Treatmen
t of
450 mg Boswellia
placebo
-allocated to receive the placeb
o or the
osteoa
rthr
itis w
ith a he
rbal
serrataOleo gu
m resin
controlle
dhe
rbom
ineral formulation A
significant
form
ulation
a dou
ble-blind
100 mg Curcuma longa
trial 42
drop was noted
in the seve
rity of pa
in
placeb
o-co
ntrolle
d cros
s-ov
er
rhizom
e 50
mg and
Zinc
patients
(p
000
1) and
disab
ility sco
re
stud
y JEthno
pharm 199
1complex 50
mg
(p
005
)33
(1ndash2
)91ndash
95
Boswellia serrata
Alcoh
olic extract of salai
Rats an
d m
ice
To stud
y cellu
lar an
d humoral immune
Sh
arma ML e
t al E
ffect of salai
gugg
al w
as prepared
resp
onses an
d leucocy
tes migration
gu
ggal ex-Boswellia serrata
on
as a fine ho
mog
enized
oral administration of the
extract
cellu
lar an
d hum
oral immun
e su
spen
sion
in 2
gum
strong
ly inh
ibited
antibod
y pr
oduction
resp
onses an
d leuco
cyte
acacia and
administered
and cellular resp
onses inh
ibited
the
migration
Age
nts Actions
orally
infiltration
of polym
orpho
nuclea
r 19
8824(1ndash
2)161
ndash164
leuc
ocytes a
nd decreased
the
volume
of pleural ex
udate
Boswellia serrata
Alcoh
olic extract of
Rats an
d m
ice
The
extract display
ed m
arke
d anti-
Sing
h GB A
tal CK Ph
armacolog
y of
salai gu
ggal
inflam
matory activity in carrag
eena
n-an
extract of salai gu
ggal ex-
induced edem
a in rats an
d mice It
Boswellia serrata a
new
non
-was equ
ally effective
in
steroidal anti-inflam
matory ag
ent
adrena
lectom
ised
rats
Age
nts Actions 198618
(3ndash4
)407ndash4
12
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPH
ARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
429
(continued)
Butea monosperma
Pippali Rasay
ana an
Con
trolled
Com
plete disappe
aran
ce of Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al
(Lam
) Tau
bAyu
rved
ic dru
gclinical trial
from
stools in 23
25 (92
) pa
tien
ts
Man
agem
ent of giard
iasis by
aLEGUMIN
OSA
Eprep
ared
from Butea
25 patients
resu
lted
Sy
mptom
s of ill he
alth
herbal dru
g lsquoPippali Rasay
anarsquo A
Palasa
monospermastem
s an
dwith
abdom
inal disco
mfort p
resenc
e of
clinical study
J Ethno
pharm
Bastard
tea
kleav
es and
Piper longum
giardiasis
mucu
s pus cells
and
red
blood
cells
1997
56(3)233
ndash236
dried
fru
its A
dministered
25 con
trols
sign
ifican
tly reduced Sp
ontane
ous
orally at 1 g PO
33pe
r day
recove
ry in 20
of the cases was
for 15 day
srecord
ed in the placeb
o co
ntrol grou
pButea monosperma
Pippali Rasay
ana prepa
red
Two grou
psMice infected
with Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al Man
agem
ent of
from
Butea monosperma
of m
ice with
trop
hozo
ites tha
t were trea
ted w
ith the
giardiasis by
an im
mun
omod
ulatory
stem
s an
d leav
es and
a control
herbal formula produced up to 98
he
rbal dru
g Pippa
li rasaya
na
Piper longum dried
fru
its
recove
ry from the
infection
JE
thno
pha
rm 199
444
(3)1
43ndash1
46
administered orally
Butea monosperma
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
lyof pow
dered
plant
dosed
for 10
the plants were stud
ied in rats for 10
used Ind
ian ab
ortifacien
t plants
material Adhatoda vasica
day
sday
s after insemination with sp
ecial
with sp
ecial referenc
e to the
irAbrus precatorius Acacia
referenc
e to effects of fetal
teratologic effects in rats J
arabicva Aloe barbadensis
dev
elop
men
t Leaf extracts of
Ethno
pha
rm 199
236
147
ndash154
Anethum
sowa Apium
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
petroselinium Banbusa
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
arundensis Blepharis edulis
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
Butea monosperma
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Lepidum sativum
Mesua
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
ferrea Moringa oleifera
at the
dos
es tested
Mucuna pruriens
Raphanus sativus
Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
Butea monosperma
Crude pow
der mixture
75 patients with
The
cure rate in group
A w
as 80
Sa
rma BP O
jha D T
he m
anag
emen
t of equ
al parts of
variou
s worm
grou
p B treated with meb
endaz
ole
of G
andupa
da krim
i (Ascaris
Ailanthus excelsa Butea
infestations
was 92
an
d group C
was 76
lumbricoides) w
ith indigen
ous dru
gs
monosperma Embelia
Cure rate sho
wed
neg
ative Ascaris
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
70ndash172
ribes Erythrina indica
lumbricoidesov
a in stool rep
ort for
Mallotus philippensis
three co
nsecutive da
ys
Orxylum
indicum
Butea monosperma
Alcoh
olic susp
ension
of
Albino rats
At the tw
o dos
es Butea monosperma
Seth IN e
t al T
eratolog
ical eva
luation
Butea monosperma
show
ed abo
rtifactant activity 38
46
of seed susp
ension
of Butea
seed
s D
ose of 175
and
an
d 6578 r
espe
ctively In cases
monosperma in rats Fitoterap
ia
359 mg
kg bod
y weigh
twhe
re pregn
ancy
con
tinu
ed b
irth
1990
LXI(6)547
ndash550
defects w
ere no
ticed 61
54
and
3422
resp
ective
ly
430
Butea monosperma
Butin isolated
from seeds
Adu
ltAnti-im
plantation activity in 40
70
Bha
rgav
a SK
Estroge
nic an
d
of Butea monosperma
female rats
and 90
of the treated animals
postcoital an
tico
ncep
tive
activity
Oral ad
ministration to
resu
lted
At lower doses there was a
in rats of butin iso
lated from
rats at 5 10 and
20 mg
dose-dep
enden
t term
ination of
Butea monospermaseed
J
per rat day
1ndash5
of
pregn
ancy
and
a decrease in the
Ethno
pha
rm 198
618
(1)9
5ndash10
1pr
egna
ncy
numbe
r of implantation sites
Capsicum annuum L
Rats fed the
following
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
princ
iples
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
SOLA
NACEAE
plan
ts for 8 w
eeks
were ex
amined
for the
ir pos
sible
dietary spices or the
ir active
Katuv
ira
Brassicasp
ecies
influen
ce on the digestive
enz
ymes of
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes
Span
ish Pep
per
Capsicum annum
intestinal m
ucosa D
ietary curcumin
of small intestinal m
ucosa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
caps
aicin piperine an
d Zingiber
Int J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash
59
Curcuma longa Ferula
officinaleprominen
tly en
hanc
ed
foetida Piper longum
intestinal lipase activity and
also the
Piper nigrum
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
maltase
Trigonella foenum-
Dietary Cum
inum
cyminum
Trigonella
graecum Zingiber
foemum
-graecum
Brassica sp
ecies an
d
officinale
Ferula foetida
brou
ght ab
out decreases
in the
lev
els of pho
spha
tases an
d
sucrase The
positive influen
ces of a
good
num
ber of spices on term
inal
enzy
mes of the digestive
process cou
ld
be an ad
ditiona
l featur
e of species
that are gen
erally w
ell recogn
ized
to
stim
ulate digestion
Capsicum annuum
Intran
asal cap
saicin
Dou
ble-blind
Patien
ts w
ith cluster headache
sMarks D
R e
t al A dou
ble-blind
placeb
o-received
intrana
sal caps
aicin an
dplacebo
con
trolled trial of
controlle
dex
perien
ced a significant decrease in
intran
asal cap
saicin for cluster
trial
head
ache
sev
erity relative
to co
ntrols
head
ache
Cep
halalgia 199
313
(2)
114ndash
116
Capsicum annuum
Top
ically applied
Ran
dom
ized
All efficacy
variablesrelated
to he
rpetic
Watso
n CPN e
t al A ran
dom
ized
capsaicin 0075
cream
vehicle-
neuralgia sho
wed
a significant
vehicle-co
ntrolle
d trial of topical
controlle
dim
prove
men
t at nea
rly all time po
ints
caps
aicin in treatmen
t of
trial 14
3throug
hout the study for bo
th
postherpe
tic ne
uralgia C
lin
patien
tspatient group
s red
uction in pain
The
r 19
9315(3)510
ndash526
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
431
(continued)
with ch
ronic
or cha
nges in pain seve
rity pa
in relief
post-herpetic
and func
tion
al cap
acity scale
neur
algia
Capsicum annuum
007
5 cap
saicin cream
Dou
ble-blind
Cap
saicin cream
was app
lied top
ically
The
Cap
saican
Study Group
App
lied 4
3pe
r day
for
vehicle-
to areas of pain in patients with
Treatmen
t of painful diabe
tic
8 weeks
controlle
ddiabe
tic ne
uropathy
The
cream
neuropa
thy with topical cap
saican
study
produced significant relief for patients
a multicen
ter dou
ble-blind v
ehicle-
compared
to thos
e receiving a no
nactive
control-led study A
rch Int Med
cream
1991
151
(11)222
5ndash22
29
Capsicum annuum
Nasal cap
saicin
Hum
an trial
Cluster headache
patients (11
16) ex
peri-
Raloff J Hot prosp
ects for que
lling
16
cluster
enced cessation of hea
dache
s after
clus
ter he
adache
s Sci N
ews 19
91
head
ache
treatm
ent with capsaicin solution
in the
1320ndash
21
patien
tsno
stril of the
sam
e side of the
hea
dache
Ano
ther 2 patients ex
perienc
ed 50
reduc
tion
in pa
in
Capsicum annuum
002
5 cap
saicin cream
Dou
ble-
The
study indicates 0025
cap
saicin is
Walke
r FO
Lew
is SF Som
esthetic
blinded
a safe top
ical age
nt w
ith dem
onstrable
and electroph
ysiologic effects of
controlle
dclinical effects on sm
all fibe
r func
tion
topical 002
5 cap
saicin in man
trial
but no
t on
large
fiber or au
tono
mic
Reg
Ane
sth 19
901561
ndash66
10 subjects
func
tion
Capsicum annum
Cap
saicin cream
0025
Case stud
yAfter amputation sev
ere pain dev
elop
ed
Ray
ner HC e
t al Relief of loc
al
43daily
47-year-old
in both stum
ps A
pplic
ation of cap
saicin
stump pain by
cap
saicin cream
diabe
tic
relie
ved the
pain co
mpletely after day
Lan
cet 19
892512
76ndash1
277
with be
low
7 with no
loc
al irritation O
n stop
ping
the kn
eethe cream p
ain returned
after 2 d
ays
ampu
tation
Capsicum annuum
Spice princ
iples cap
saicin
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
curcumin p
iperine Plants
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
Brassica Cinnamomum
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepatic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian J Bioch
emcymimum
Ferula foetida
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 19
8926(4)254
ndash258
Tamarindus indica Trigonella
graecum
also stimulated the
lev
els of
foenum
-graecum
cy
toch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
Zingiber officinale
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Capsicum annuum
Cap
saicin cream
or placebo
Dou
ble-blind
Sign
ifican
t increa
sed relie
f in
Berns
tein JE et al T
opical cap
saicin
trea
ted for a 6-w
eek
controlle
dcaps
aicin-treated group
com
pared
trea
tmen
t of chr
onic pos
therpetic
period
trial 32
with ve
hicle was observe
d for all
neuralgia J A
m A
cad D
ermatol
patien
tsefficacy
variables A
fter 6 w
eeks
19
892126
5ndash27
0with ch
ronic
80 of caps
aicin-treated patients
post-herpetic
expe
rien
ced som
e pa
in relief
neur
algia
432
Capsicum annuum
Cap
saicin cream
0025
2 case studies
Male 67 ye
ars old with Diabetes mellitus
Ross DR Varipap
a RJ Treatmen
t of
presented
with pa
in in the ou
ter
painful diabe
tic ne
uropa
thy with
aspe
cts of left thigh C
apsaicin treatmen
ttopical caps
aicin N
Eng
l JM
ed
33per day
resulted in total relief
1989
321
(7)4
74ndash4
75
of dys
esthesias within 5 day
s M
ale
57 yea
rs old with diabe
tic ne
uropa
thy
was treated
with caps
aicin 43
per
day
Within 2 weeks
he stated
pain
was relieve
d to a muc
h greater ex
tent
Capsicum annuum
Top
ical 0025
cap
saicin
Human
trial
After a variety of treatm
ent ap
proache
s W
atson CP e
t al T
he post-
18 patients
(to reduce pain) w
ere uns
atisfactory
mastectom
y pain sy
ndrome an
d
with post-
12 of the 14
patients co
mpleting
the effect of topical capsaicin Pain
mastectom
ytrea
tmen
t with caps
aicin sh
owed
19
893817
7ndash18
6pa
inim
prove
men
t after 4 weeks and
8 (57
)
synd
rome
were judg
ed to be
goo
d or ex
celle
nt
resp
onses
Capsicum annuum
Top
ical 0025
cap
saicin
Human
trial
39 entering the trial achiev
ed at least
Watson CP e
t al P
ost-he
rpetic
33 patients
a go
od result and
55
were im
prove
d
neur
algia an
d top
ical cap
saicin
with post-
or better 56
of the 23
patients
Pain 19
883333
3ndash34
0he
rpetic
completing
the
study ha
d goo
d or
neuralgia
excelle
nt pain relie
f after 4 weeks 78
of the
23 no
ted at least some
improve
men
t in pain
Capsicum annuum
Cap
saicin cream
0025
Case stud
yHealthy
male 66 ye
ars old p
resented
Haw
k RJ Millikan
LE Treatmen
t of
Stan
dard therap
y includ
ed
with he
rpes zos
ter A
fter 18 mon
ths
oral postherpe
tic ne
uralgia w
ith
15 mL betam
etha
sone
of stand
ard treatmen
t su
bject
topical capsaicin Int JD
ermatol
sodium pho
spha
te 1
5 m
Linitiated cap
saicin treatmen
t19
8827(5)336
triamcino
lone
acetonide
Discomfort decreased
within 2 day
s(4
3pe
r day
application) F
our weeks
after initiating
treatmen
t patient
awok
e with no
pain
Carum
carvi
L
For ob
stipation a
Human
trial
The
lax
ative he
rb com
bina
tion
was
Matev
M e
t al Use of an
herba
l UMBELLIFE
RAE
combina
tion
of Rhamus
patien
ts w
ith
effective in 100
of the pa
tien
ts
combina
tion
with laxa
tive
action
Krish
najira
frangula Citrus aurantium
duod
enal ulcer
Daily defecation in 906
of patients
on duod
enal pep
tic ulcer an
d
Caraw
ayCarum
carvi F
or m
ain
or gastrod
uo-
and eve
ry secon
d day
defecation was
gastroduod
enitis patients with a
disea
se a
com
bina
tion
of
den
itis
obtained
94 of the pa
tien
ts
conc
omitan
t ob
stipation
Symphitum
officinalis and
all with
synd
rome [Bulgarian] Vutr
Calendula officinalis
obstipation
Boles 198
120
(6)4
8ndash51
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
433
(continued)
Cassia fistula
L
Aqu
eous fraction
of
Mice
Cassia fistula
prod
uced a sign
ifican
tAve
lla E e
t al Ev
aluation of tradi-
LEGUMMIN
OSA
Eleav
es of Cassia fistula
decrease in glycemia and
in the
tion
al m
edicineEffects of Cajanus
Aragh
ada
Dosag
es of 30
0 500
and
glucose toleran
ce test
cajanL an
d of Cassia fistula
L on
Indian labu
rnum
100 mg
kgcarboh
ydrate m
etab
olism in mice
[Span
ish] R
ev M
ed Pan
ama
1991
16(1)39ndash
45
Cassia fistula
Leg
ume Cassia fistula
Albino rats
Administration of Cassia fistula produ
ced
el-Saa
dan
y SS
et al The
bioch
emical
a sign
ifican
t decrease in blood
and
role and
hyp
ocho
lesterolaemic
liver total lipids Brain s
pleen kidne
ys
poten
tial of the legu
me Cassia
and heart followed
a sim
ilar tren
d but
fistula
in hyp
erch
olesterolaem
ic
with mod
erate effect B
lood
liver
rats N
ahru
ng 199
135
(8)8
07ndash8
15
kidne
ys sp
leen
and
hea
rt total
cholesterol sign
ifican
tly decreased
The
lev
el of triglycerides w
as m
arke
dly
improve
d
Cassia fistula
Who
le seed pow
der of
Rat go
lden
Cassia fistula
was fou
nd to be
amoe
bicida
lSh
ukla SC
Das SR C
ure of
Cassia fistula
hamster and
cysticidal a
nd cur
ed exp
erim
ental
Amoe
biasis by seed
pow
der of
human
scaecal amoe
biasis he
patic am
oebiasis
Cassia fistula Int JC
rude Dru
g Res
and intestina
l am
oebiasis of hu
man
s19
8826(3)141
ndash144
Cedrus deodara
Extracts of Cedrus
Rab
bits
Extract w
as tried
aga
inst m
ixed
Sang
wan
AK et al Clin
ical efficacy
(Rox
b ex D Don
)deodaraan
d Pongamia
infestations
of Psoroptes cuniculi(ear
of a herba
l ge
l an
d ointm
ent
G D
onglabra Cha
rmil in the
cank
er) an
d Notoedres cati(m
ange
)(C
harm
il) aga
inst m
ange
in rabb
its
PIN
ACEA
Etw
in formulation
s of gel
in a colon
y of lab
oratory rabb
its Two
Indian Vet J 199
471
(9)9
25ndash9
27
Dev
adaru
and ointm
ent
applic
ations
1 w
eek ap
art cu
red the
Deo
dar
rabb
its completely
Cedrus deodara
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sh
arma RK Man
agem
ent of
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica
Patients with
cong
estive
cardiac failu
re w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic hea
rt disease card
iomyo
pathy
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
and cor pulm
onale were give
n po
wder
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash126
Cedrus deodara
of Inula racemosa
while patients with
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rheu
matic hea
rt disease w
ere give
nTerminalia chebula
Commiphora mukul After 2 w
eeks
Tinospora cordifolia
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Trichosantes lobata
completely 2
had
bradyc
ardia a
ndInula racemosa2 g 8
2 were refractory
hourly Commiphora
mukul1
2 g 8
hourly Urgenic indica
100 mg 8 hou
rly
Cedrus deodara
Him
acha
lol iden
tified
as
Cat
Intrag
astric administration of him
acha
lol
Kar K
et al Sp
asmolytic con
stituen
ts
the major antispa
smod
icor pap
averine (100
mg
kg) pr
oduced
of Cedrus deodara (R
oxb) Lo
ud
cons
tituen
t in the
woo
deq
ual inh
ibition of ind
uced
spasm of
pha
rmacolog
ical eva
luation of
of Cedrus deodara
the intestine lasting
abo
ut 2 ho
urs
himacha
lol J Pha
rm Sci 197
564
(2)
but the himacha
lol ha
d a faster
258ndash
262
onset of action
434
Cinnamomum
Aqu
eous
and
chloroform
Rats
Preg
nant fem
ale rats treated
with bo
thPe
llega
tti-Le
mon
ica I Borro-M
aced
o zeylanicum
Blume
extracts Cinnamomum
extracts presented
an increa
sed num
ber
AMR A
bortive an
dor embryo
-LAURACEAE
zeylanicum
70 m
gkg
of resorption
s A
non
sign
ifican
tfetotoxic effect of Cinnamomum
Twak
numbe
r of abn
ormalities were
zeylanicum
leaf extracts in
Cinna
mon
observed
in liv
e fetuses
pregn
ant rats F
itoterap
ia19
9465(5)431
ndash434
Cinnamomum
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants did not sho
w any
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K E
ffect of
zeylanicum
zeylanica Cum
inum
cholesterol decreasing effect w
hen
cumin cinn
amon
ging
er m
ustard
cyminum
Zingiber
includ
ed in the no
rmal and
and tam
arind in induc
ed hyp
er-
officinale
hype
rcho
lesterolem
ia-ind
ucing
diet at
cholesterolemic rats N
ahru
ng 199
1ab
out five
fold normal human
intak
e35
(1)4
7ndash51
leve
lCinnamomum
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
liver
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
zeylanicum
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
microsomal cytochrom
e P450-de
pend
ent
of spices and
spice princ
iples on
cyminum
Ferula
aryl hyd
roxy
lase Cum
inum
cyminum
he
patic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
foetida Tamarindus
Zingiber officinale
and Trigonella
system
in rats Ind
ian J Bioch
em
indica Trigonella
foenum
-graecum
also stimulated
the
lev
els
Bioph
ys 198926
(4)2
54ndash2
58
foenum
-graecum
of cytoc
hrom
e P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
Zingiber officinale
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Clitoria ternateaL
Alcoh
olic extract of
Rod
ents
No ab
stract ava
ilable
Kulkarni C
et al Effect of alcoh
olic
LEGUMIN
OSA
EClitoria ternatea
extract of Clitoria ternateaLinn on
Apa
rajita
central ne
rvou
s sy
stem
in rode
nts
Butterfly pea
Indian
J E
xp Biol 1
98826(12)957ndash960
Cocos nucifera
L
Hem
icellulose and
Rats
The
results indicate that hem
icellulose
Sind
hurani JA R
ajam
ohan
T Hyp
o-PALMAE
cellu
lose fiber from
rich
fiber from Cocos nucifera sho
wed
lip
idem
ic effect of hem
icellulose
Narikela
Cocos nucifera
a decrease co
ncen
tration of total
compon
ent of coc
onut fiber Indian
Cocon
ut plant
cholesterol LDL and
VLDL and
JExp
Biol 19
9836(8)786
ndash789
an
inc
rease in H
DL w
hile cellulose
rich
Cocos nucifera
fibe
r sh
owed
no
sign
ifican
t alteration
Cocos nucifera
Coc
onut ke
rnal
Animals
Coc
onut kerna
l thus reduc
ed the
Nalini N e
t al H
istopatho
logical
mutage
nic an
d carcino
genic effect of
and lipid cha
nges in ex
perim
ental
chili and
12-dim
ethy
lhyd
razine
co
lon canc
er effect of co
conu
t resp
ective
ly
kern
al (Cocos nucifera
Linn)
and (Capsicum annum
Linn) red
chili pow
der Ind
ian J Ex
p Biol
1997
35(9)964
ndash971
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
435
(continued)
Cocos nucifera
Coc
onut an
d cocon
ut oil
Clin
ical Trial
Con
sumption
of coco
nut or coc
onut
Kum
ar PD T
he role of coc
onut and
32
coron
ary
oil was fou
nd to be
sim
ilar in both
coco
nut oil in coron
ary he
art
heart
grou
ps The
group
s did not differ in
disease in Kerala sou
th Ind
ia
disea
sethe fat saturated fat and
cho
lesterol
Trop D
oct 19
9727(4)215
ndash217
pa
tien
ts and
cons
umption The
result im
ply no
16 m
atch
edsp
ecific role for coco
nut or coc
onut
healthy
oil in the
cau
sation
of co
rona
ry hea
rtco
ntrols
disease in this set of patients
Cocos nucifera
Diet cons
ists of tube
rs
Human
o-3 fatty acids an
d linoleic acid sho
wed
Lind
eberg S et al L
ipop
rotein
fruit c
ocon
ut fish
and
Trial 15
1poten
tially ben
eficial effect w
ith lip
o-
composition an
d serum
cho
leserol
vege
tables w
ith a
subs
istenc
ean
d apolipo-pr
oteins
Relations
of
ester fatty acids in non
western
ized
negligible influen
ce of
horticultur-
palmitic acid to seru
m lipids may
be
Melan
esians
Lipids 19
9631(2)
western foo
d and
alists 20
ndash86
explained
in term
s of end
ogen
ous fat
153ndash
158
alcoho
lye
ars
synthe
sis at a low
-fat intak
e rathe
r than
reflecting its relative
intak
eCocos nucifera
Source of m
onou
nsatur
ated
Rab
bits
The
se findings
do no
t su
pport the view
Nielsen
LB et al Rep
lacemen
t of
fatty acids oliv
e oil
that rep
lacemen
t of dietary saturated
dietary saturated fat w
ith mon
o-So
urce of saturated fatty
fat with olive oil ha
s a major impact on
uns
aturated fat effect on
acids butter Exp
t A lard
the dev
elop
men
t of atherosclerosis in
athe
roge
nesis in cho
lesterol-fed
Exp
t B c
ocon
ut oil Ex
pt C
ad
dition to tha
t acco
unted for by
rabb
its clam
ped at the same
and butter or lard
Exp
t D
chan
ges in plasm
a ch
olesterol leve
ls
plasm
a ch
olesterol leve
l Br J
Nutr 199
574
(4)5
09ndash5
21
Cocos nucifera
Low
-fat cho
w diet or
Rats
Whe
reas saturated fatty acids are
Isen
see H Jacob
R D
ifferential
one en
rich
ed w
ith 10
proarrh
ythm
ic d
iets enr
iche
d w
ith n-
effects of various oil diets on
hydroge
nated coc
onut
6 or n-3 polyu
nsatur
ated
fatty acids
the risk
of card
iac arrhythm
ias
oil co
rn oil linseed
oil
both exe
rt antiarrhy
thmic effects
in rats JCardiova
sc R
isk 19
94
or sardine oil
1(4)353
ndash359
Cocos nucifera
Hyd
roge
nated coc
onut
Rats
Com
pared w
ith rats fed
hyd
roge
nated
Bouzian
e M et al Cha
nges in fatty
oil an
d salm
on oil
coconu
t oil diets those fed salmon
oil
acid com
position
s of total serum
diets had
enh
anced LDL-H
DL1 an
dan
d lip
oprotein particles in
HDL2-3 bu
t lower V
LDL total
grow
ing rats given
protein-
apolipop
roteins
diets deficient w
ith either
hydroge
nated coc
onut or salmon
oils as fat sources B
r J Nutr 1994
71(3)3
75ndash3
87
Cocos nucifera
Cocos nucifera
pollen
Clin
ical Trial
The
clin
ical status of the
patients
Karmak
ar PR et al Placebo
-ex
tract im
mun
othe
rapy
96 patients
mea
sured by the symptom
-med
ication
controlle
d immuno
therap
y with
(CPE
-IT)
allergic to
scores dem
onstrated tha
t Cocos
Cocos nucifera
pollen ex
tract Int
Cocos nucifera
nucifera
polle
n-allergic patients ha
dArch Alle
rgy Im
muno
l 19
94103
(2)
polle
nsign
ifican
t (p
000
5) clin
ical
194ndash
201
improve
men
t after CPE-IT com
pared
to placebo
treatmen
tCocos nucifera
200 g co
nsumed
12 or
Rats
The
re w
ere no
differenc
es amon
gSa
tchithan
andam
S et al Coc
onut oil
24 sesam
e oil or
grou
ps in the distribution of
and sesame oil affect lym
pha
tic
coconu
t oil diets or a
cholesterol an
d oleic acid eithe
r in the
absorp
tion
of ch
olesterol an
d fatty
control diet (14
corn
lymph
lipop
roteins or in the lip
idacids in rats J N
utr 199
312
3(11
)oil) ad libitum for 4
classes
1852
ndash185
8weeks
436
Cocos nucifera
You
ng coc
onut water
Hum
an trial
You
ng coc
onut w
ater can
be us
ed w
ith
Adam
s W
Bratt D
E Y
oung
coc
onut
early refeed
ing as a hom
e gluco
se
water for hom
e rehy
dration
in
electrolyte oral reh
ydration
solution
ch
ildren with mild
gastroe
nteritis
in early stage
s of m
ild diarrhe
al
Trop G
eogr M
ed 199
244
(1ndash2
)disea
se It sho
uld not be used in
149ndash
153
patients with seve
re cho
lera or w
ith
thos
e who
are deh
ydrated and
or
in w
hom ren
al fun
ction is impaired
Cordia myxaL
Petroleum ether and
Rats
Results obtaine
d sho
wed
extracts ha
ve a
Ficarra R et al Lea
f extracts of some
BORAGIN
ACEAE
alco
hol extracts of
sign
ifican
t an
alge
sic antiin
flam
matory
Cordiasp
ecies ana
lgesic and
anti-
Sleshm
atak
aCordia francisci Cordia
and antiarthr
itic activity in the
rat
inflam
matory activities as well as
Sebe
sten
plum
myxaan
d Cordia
their ch
romatog
raph
ic ana
lysis
serratifolia
leav
esFa
rmaco 19
9550(4)245
ndash256
Coriandrum
Plants include
leav
es of
Mice
Treatmen
t with Agrimonia eupatoria
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Tradition
al
sativum
L
Agrimonia eupatoria
Medicago sativa Coriandrum sativum
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
UMBELLIFERAE
Alchemilla vulgaris
Eucalyptus globulus
and Juniperus
Studies in normal and
Dha
nyak
abu
lbs of Allium
sativum
communis
reduced the
lev
el of hy
per-
streptozo
tocin diabe
tic mice
Coriand
erChelidonium majus
glyc
emia during
dev
elop
men
t of
Diabe
tologia 19
9033(8)462
ndash464
Convallaria majalis
streptozo
tocin diabe
tes in m
ice This
seed
s of Coriandrum
was associated w
ith reduc
edsativum Eucalyptus
polyd
ipsia (excep
t Coriandrum
globulusroo
ts of
sativum) an
d a red
uced
rate of w
eigh
tGlycyrrhiza glabra
loss (ex
cept Agrimonia eupatoria)
dried
berries of
Juniperus communis
Medicago sativa Rubus
fraticosus
Crocus sativusL
Liposom
e en
caps
ulation
Mice
Saffron effectively en
hanc
edNair SC
et al Effect of saffron
on
IRID
ACEAE
of saffron
antitumor activity towards
Sarco
ma-
thym
ocyte proliferation intra-
Kum
kana
180 an
d Ehr
lich ascites carcinom
acellu
lar glutathion
e leve
ls and
its
Saffron
solid
tum
ors Significant inh
ibition in
anti-tum
or activity Biofactors 19
92
the grow
th of these tumors was
4(1)51ndash
54
observed
com
pared
with co
ntrols
Crocus sativus
Top
ical application of
Mice
Top
ical app
lication inhibited 2-stage
Salomi MJ et al Inhibitory effects
Crocus sativusan
dinitiation
prom
otion sk
inof Nigella sativaan
d saffron
Nigella sativaex
tracts
carcinog
enesis O
ral ad
ministration
(Crocus sativus) on ch
emical
Crocus sativa Oral dose
restricted
tum
or inc
iden
ce to 10
carcinog
enesis in mice N
utrition
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
437
(continued)
of 100
mg
kg w
eigh
t IP
compared
with 10
0 in 20
-Can
cer 19
9116(1)67ndash
72
dose Nigella sativaIP
methy
lcho
lanthr
ene (M
CA)-treated
100 mg
kg w
eigh
tco
ntrols Both Nigella sativaan
dCrocus sativusrestricted
tumor
inciden
ce to 33
3 and
10
resp
ective
ly c
ompared
with 10
0 in
MCA-treated
con
trols
Crocus sativus
Saffron ex
tracted w
ith
Mice
Oral ad
ministration of saffron
Nair SC
et al Antitum
or activity of
etha
nol (95
) an
dincrea
sed the
lifespa
n of sarco
ma-
saffron (Crocus sativus) Can
cer
purified
Dose of
180 Ehrlic
h ascites Carcino
ma an
dLett 19
91157(2)109
ndash114
20
0 mg
kg w
eigh
tDaltonrsquos lympho
ma ascites tumor
bearing mice to 111
83
5 a
nd11
25
respe
ctively
Cum
inum
Allium
cepa Allium
27 healthy
Tolbu
tamide Cucurbita ficifolia
Rom
an R
R e
t al Antihyp
erglyc
emic
cyminum
L
sativa Brassica
rabb
its
Phaseolus vulgaris Opuntia
effect of some ed
ible plants
UMBEL
LIFERAE
oleracea Cucurbita
streptacantha Spinacea oleracea
JEthno
pha
rm 199548
(1)2
5ndash32
Jeerak
aficifolia Cum
inum
Cucum
is sativusan
d Cum
inum
Cum
in seed
cyminum
Cucum
iscyminum
decreased significantly the
sativus Lactuca sativa
area und
er the
gluco
se toleran
ce curve
Opuntia streptacantha
and the
hyp
erglyc
emic pea
k Brassica
Phaseolus vulgaris
oleracea Allium
cepaan
d Allium
Psidum guajava
sativum
only decreased
the
Spinacea oleracea
hype
rglycemic pea
k The
glycemic
decreases cau
sed by Psidum guajava
Brassica oleracea
and Lactuca sativa
were no
t sign
ifican
tCum
inum
cyminum
Rats fed for 8 w
eeks
the
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K Srinivasan
K Influe
nce of
follo
wing plan
ts
principles w
ere ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or their active
Brassicasp
ecies
possible influen
ce on the digestive
principles on digestive
enz
ymes
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
uco
sa Dietary
of small intestinal m
uco
sa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcum
in caps
aicin piperine an
dInt J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash
59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprominen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
Trigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetidabrou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
phos
phatases and
sucrase The
positive
influen
ces of a goo
d num
ber
of spices on
terminal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
addition
al feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
438
Cum
inum
cyminum
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
dCum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
rats
sanctum
leav
es Papaver somnifera
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
seed
s sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian plan
t produc
ts Fo
od C
hem
asafoetida Ocimum
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to be
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
sanctum Moringa
valuab
le anticarcino
gens
oleifera Papaver
somniferaPiper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants did not sho
w any
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Effect of
zeylanica Cum
inum
cholesterol decreasing effect w
hen
cumin c
inna
mon
ginge
r m
ustard
cyminum
Zingiber
included
in the no
rmal and
and tam
arind in induced hyp
er-
officinale
hyperch
olesterolemia-ind
ucing diet at
cholesterolemic rats N
ahru
ng 199
1ab
out five
fold normal human
intak
e35
(1)4
7ndash51
leve
lCum
inum
cyminum
Two capsu
les of 450 m
g20
case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a
each
Coccinia indica
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mean
composite he
rbal dru
g in the
Cum
inum
cyminum
mellitus
bloo
d suga
r va
lues
trea
tmen
t of D
iabe
tes mellitus
Eugenia jambolana Gymnema
(Mad
humeh
a) A
ryav
aidya
n sylvestre Momordica
1991
5(1)3
6ndash46
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Cum
inum
cyminum
Cumin seeds
Swiss mice
Cum
in seeds increa
sed the
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
glutathion
e-S-tran
sferase activity by
Plan
t products as protective ag
ents
more than
78
in stom
ach liver and
agains
t canc
er Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
esop
hagu
s high en
ough
to be
1990
28(11
)100
8ndash10
11
cons
idered
protective ag
ents aga
inst
carcinog
enesis Glutathione
lev
els
were also significantly inc
reased
in
the three tissue
s
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
439
(continued)
Cum
inum
cyminum
Spice pr
inciples c
apsaicin
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Influen
ce
curcumin p
iperine
liver m
icrosomal cytochr
ome P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
Plan
ts Brassica
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepa
tic mixed
fun
ction ox
ygen
ase
Cinnamomum
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
Cum
inum
cyminum
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 1989
26(4)254
ndash258
Ferula foetida Tamarindus
graecum
also stimulated the
lev
els of
indica Trigonella
cytoch
rome P450 an
d b5 Cum
inum
foenum
-graecum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
Zingiber officinale
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Cum
inum
cyminum
Petroleum ether
Female
The
alcoh
olic extract of Cum
inum
Garg SK
Antifertility screen
ing of
alcoho
l an
d aqu
eous
albino
rats
cyminum
seed
s sh
owed
100
plantsmdash
Effect of fou
r indigen
ous
extracts of cu
min seeds
antifertility effect at a dose of 150
plants of early pregn
ancy
in female
mg
kg
albino
rats Ind
ian JM
ed R
es
1976
64(8)113
3ndash11
35
Cum
inum
cyminum
Cum
inum
cyminum
and
Matur
eCum
inum
cyminum
has a proliferative
Agraw
alaa
IP e
t al Galactogo
gue
Nigella sativapo
wders
female
action
on the brea
st tissu
e bu
t no
action
of Cum
inum
cyminum
and
albino
rats
galactog
ogue
(increa
se in milk
yield
Nigella sativa Ind
JMed
Res 196
8of lactating
mothe
r) action
56(8)8
41ndash8
44
Curcuma longaL
Hyd
roch
loric acid
Human
trial
A significant decrease in the
lev
els of
Ram
irez
-Bos
ca A
et al Antioxidan
t ZIN
GIBERACEAE
extracts of Curcuma
health
serum lipid perox
ides w
as
curcum
a ex
tracts decrease the
Haridra
longa Equ
ivalen
t daily
human
sdem
onstrated
bloo
d lipid perox
ide leve
ls of
Turm
eric
dose of 20 mg cu
rcumin
human
subjects A
ge 199
518
(4)
167ndash
169
Curcuma longa
Rats fed for 8 weeks the
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
follo
wing plan
ts
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or their active
Brassica sp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
ucosa D
ietary
of small intestinal m
uco
sa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcum
in capsaicin p
iperine an
dInt J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash
59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprominen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
Trigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetida
brou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
pho
spha
tases an
d sucrase The
positive influen
ces of a goo
d numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
440
Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa15 g
day
Clin
ical trial
Curcuma longasign
ifican
tly redu
ced
Kalpa
gam P et al Effect of turm
eric
for 30
day
ssm
okers
urina
ry excretion
of mutage
ns in
on urina
ry m
utage
ns in sm
okers
nons
mok
ers
smok
ers In no
n-sm
okers there was
Mutag
enesis 199
27(2)107
ndash109
as con
trols
no cha
nge
Curcuma longa
Ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Tox
icities studies were don
e N
oQuresh
i S et al Tox
icity stud
ies on
rhizom
es of Alpinia
sign
ifican
t mortality co
mpared
to
Alpinia galanga
and Curcuma longa
galangaan
d Curcuma
controls w
as noted
The
gain in
Planta Med
199
258
(2)1
24ndash1
27
longa
Acu
te dos
ages
weigh
ts of sexu
al organ
s an
d05 10 an
d 3 gkg
bod
yincrea
sed spe
rm m
otility and
spe
rmweigh
t Chron
ic dosag
ecounts were ob
served
in bo
th group
s10
0 mg
kg per day
The
se cha
nges w
ere high
ly significant
in the
Alpinia galanga-treated
group
Both ex
tracts failed to sh
ow any
spermatotox
ic effects
Curcuma longa
Azadirachta indicaan
dPilo
t stud
yIn 97
of the scab
ies cases a cur
eCha
rles V
Cha
rles SX T
he use and
Curcuma longapa
ste
814 patients
was obtaine
d w
ithin 3ndash
15 day
s of
efficacy
of Azadirachta indicaADR
with scab
ies
trea
tmen
t(lsquoNeemrsquo) and
Curcuma longa
(lsquoTurm
ericrsquo) in scab
ies A
pilo
tstudy Trop Geo
gr M
ed 199
244
17
8ndash18
1Curcuma longa
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
d rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Siva
ramak
rish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
sanctum
leav
es Papaver somnifera
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
seed
s sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian plant products Foo
d C
hem
asafoetida O
cimum
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to be
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
sanctum M
oringa
valuab
le anticarcino
gens
oleifera Papaver
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Curcuma longa
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Osteo
arthritis patients were rand
omly
Kulkarni R
R e
t al Treatmen
t of
450 mg Boswellia
placeb
o-allocated to receive the placebo
or the
osteoa
rthr
itis w
ith a he
rbal
serrataOleo gu
m resin
controlle
dhe
rbom
ineral formulation
Aform
ulation
a dou
ble-blind
100 mg Curcuma longa
trial 42
sign
ifican
t drop was noted
in the
placebo
-con
trolled c
ross-ove
r rhizom
e 50
mg and
pa
tien
tsseve
rity of pain (p
000
1) and
study JEthno
pha
rm 199
133
(1ndash2
)zinc
com
plex 50 mg
disab
ility sco
re (p
005
)91
ndash95
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
441
(continued)
Curcuma longa
Spice pr
inciples
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Influen
ce
capsaicin cu
rcum
in
liver m
icrosomal cytochr
ome P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
piperine Plants
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepa
tic mixed
fun
ction ox
ygen
ase
Brassica Cinnamomum
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian J Bioch
em
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 1989
26(4)254
ndash258
cyminum
Ferula
graecum
also stimulatd the
lev
els of
foetida Tamarindus
cytoch
rome P450 an
d b5 Cum
inum
indica Trigonella
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
foenum
-graecum
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Zingiber officinale
Curcuma longa
50 extract of Curcuma
Rats
The
extracts increased H
DL-total
Dixit V
P e
t al Hyp
olipidaemic
longaan
d Nardostachys
cholesterol ratio an
d also caus
ed a
effects of Curcuma LongaL and
jatamansi
(who
le plant)
sign
ifican
t decrease in the
ratio of
Nardostachys jatamansi D
C in
total ch
olesterolpho
spho
lipid
triton
-ind
uced
hyp
erlip
idae
mic
Curcuma longaex
hibited better
rats Ind
ian JP
hysiol Pha
rmacol
cholesterol an
d triglyc
eride
1988
32(4)299
ndash304
decreasing activity tha
n Nardostachys
jatamansi
Curcuma longa
Ethan
olic extract
Human
trial
A decrease in smell (90
) an
d in
Kuttan R e
t al T
urm
eric and
Curcuma longaan
d an
62 patients
itch
ing in alm
ost all cases was noted
cu
rcumin as topical ag
ents in canc
er
ointmen
t of curcumin
with
Dry lesions
were ob
served
in 70
therap
y Tumori 19
877329
ndash31
extern
alan
d 10
had
a decrease in lesion size
canc
erou
san
d pain
lesion
sCurcuma longa
1-phe
nyl-1-hy
drox
y-N-
Human
and
Both plasm
a an
d secretin co
ncen
tration
Che
w W
Y e
t al Effect of
pentan
e a syn
thetic
anim
al trial
and pan
crea
tic bicarbon
ate ou
tput
1-phe
nylpen
tano
l on
release of
derivative of Curcuma
Fasting dog
sincrea
sed significantly S
ugg
ests usage
secretin and
exo
crine pa
ncreatic
longa
and human
sfor su
bjects w
ith achlorhy
dria sev
ere
secretion in dog
s an
d human
shy
posecretory state or total
Gastroe
nterolog
y 19
8384(6)
gastrectom
y15
78ndash1
584
Curcuma zedoaria
Seve
n isolated
com
pou
nds
Mice
Extracts significantly inh
ibited
stress
Watan
abe K et al Antiulcer activity
(Christm
) Rosco
efrom
8 Curcuma zedoaria
ulcer formation in restraine
d and
of extracts an
d isolated com
pou
nds
ZIN
GIBERACEAE
extracts Oral an
dwater-immersed m
ice Sugg
ests a
from
zed
oary (ga
jutsu) cu
ltivated
Sh
ati
subc
utane
ous
poten
t inhibition
of acute
in Y
akush
ima (Jap
an) Yak
uga
ku
Rou
nd zed
oary
administration
experim
ental ga
stric ulcers
Zassh
i 19
86106
(12)113
7ndash11
42
Curcuma zedoaria
Pow
der from dried
Mice rats
Powder significantly inh
ibited
the
Hatsu
yo M
et al Pha
rmacolog
ical
subterrane
an stem
intestinal trans
it of ch
arco
al in mice
effects of the
pow
der from
Curcuma zedoariaOral
and significantly inc
reased
the
bile
Curcuma zedoaria R
osco
e on
the
ad
ministration of the
secretion in rats an
d slig
htly inh
ibited
gastro-intestina
l tract of exp
eri-
powder
the stom
ach secretion in rats
men
tal an
imals Y
akuga
ku Z
assh
i 19
84104
(6)6
40ndash6
43
Curcuma zedoaria
Flou
r prep
ared
from
Rats chick
sThe
high-protein flour prove
d highly
Latif MA e
t al T
oxicity of sho
ti
rhizom
es of Curcuma
toxic to 5-w
eek-old rats an
d cau
sed
(Ind
ian arrowroot Curcuma
zedoaria
100
mortality within 6 day
s whe
nzedoaria) for rats and
chick
s
442
give
n 32
0 g
kg diet
Br JN
utr 197
941
(1)5
7ndash63
Cyperus rotundus L
Xiao W
ei Y
an Pow
der
Ran
dom
ized
After 2ndash4
mon
ths ad
ministration total
Liu X
R et al Treatmen
t of intestina
l CYPER
ACEAE
Mixture of seve
ral he
rbs
controlle
deffective rate of intestinal m
etap
lasia
metap
lasia an
d atypical hyp
erplasia
Mus
taka
including Bletilla
trial 13
8an
d atypical hy
perplasia was 913
of gastric m
ucosa with xiao
wei
Nutgrass
striata Caesalpinia
with
and 9216 r
espe
ctively The
yan po
wder [Chine
se] Chu
ng-K
uosappan Cyperus
intestinal
placebo
groups were 21
3 and
Chu
ng H
si i C
hieh
Ho Tsa C
hih
rotundus Glycyrrhiza
metap
lasia
1446
resp
ective
ly Animal
1992
12(10
)580
60
2ndash60
3oralensis Hedyotis
104 with
expe
rimen
ts rev
ealed no toxic side
diffusae Paeonia alba
atyp
ical
effect
Smilax glabrae
hype
rplasia
Taraxacum
mongolicum
Oral dose 5ndash
6 g tid
Cyperus rotundus
b-sitosterol IP
dos
e 160
Rats m
ice
b-sitosterol was fou
nd to possess
Gupta MB e
t al Anti-inflam
matory
and 320
mg
kgpoten
t an
ti-inflammatory activity
and antipyretic activities of
oral dose 32
0 mg
kg
simila
r to hyd
roco
rtison
e an
db-sitosterol JM
ed Plant R
es
Carrage
enan
-ind
uced
oxyp
hen-bu
tazo
ne b
-sitosterol was
1980
3915
7ndash16
3ed
ema cotton pe
llet
also orally
effective
aga
inst ind
uced
implan
t an
d Brewerrsquos
edem
a an
d po
ssessed antipyretic
yeast induced pyrex
ia in
activity sim
ilar to acetyl-salic
yclic
rats
acid
Datura metel
L
Datura seed extract
Albino rats
Treatmen
t caused an increase in activity
Hasan
SS K
ush
wah
a AKS C
hron
ic
SOLANACEAE
12 mg
kg IP
of brain lipid perox
idase an
d catalase
effect of Datura seed extract on the
Dha
ttura
Datur
a caused a decrease in the
activity
brain of albino rats Jap
an J
Tho
rnap
ple
of f-dipho
spha
te aldolase an
d g-6-
Pha
rmacol 198
744
1ndash6
pho
spha
te deh
ydroge
nase enz
yme that
are related w
ith gluc
ose metab
olism
Daucus carota
L
Petroleum ether extract
Mice
The
extract arrested the
normal estru
sMajum
der PK et al Anti-steroidal
UMBELLIFERAE
and fraction 5 (fatty
cycle an
d cau
sed a significant
activity of the petroleum ether
Garija
raacids) of carrot seeds
decrease in the
weigh
t of ova
ries
extract an
d fraction 5 (fatty acids)
Carrot
Cho
lesterol and
ascorbic acid con
tent
of carrot (Daucus carota
L) seed
s in ova
ries w
ere sign
ifican
tly increa
sed
in m
ouse ova
ry JE
thno
pharm
due to the
treatmen
t with ex
tract an
d19
9757(3)209
ndash212
fraction
5 (fatty acids) of carrot seeds
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
443
(continued)
Daucus carota
Carrot co
nsum
ption
Hos
pital-
Dietary intak
e an
d m
esothe
lioma
Muscat JE H
unc
harek M Dietary
based case-
inciden
ce w
as studied The
results
intake
and
the
risk of m
aligna
nt
controlle
dsu
pport the hy
pothe
sis that pro-
mesothe
lioma Br J Can
cer 19
96
trial 94
with
vitamin A
or
b-caroten
e-co
ntaining
73(9)1
122ndash
1125
maligna
ntfruits an
d veg
etab
les may
decrease
mesothe
lioma
mesothe
lioma
and 64
controls
Daucus carota
Carrot ex
tract
Mice
Pretreatmen
t with carrot extract on
Bish
ayee A
et al Hep
atop
rotective
carbon
tetrach
loride-induc
ed acu
teactivity of carrot (Daucus carota
L)
liver dam
aged
mice decreased
agains
t carbon
tetrach
loride
increa
sed serum enz
ymes lev
els
intoxication
in mou
se liver J
sign
ifican
tly
Ethno
pha
rm 199
547
(2)6
9ndash74
Daucus carota
Vitam
in-free drink
for 3
Human
trial
Vitam
in-rich food
supplem
ents
Abb
ey M
et al Dietary
weeks
the
n vitamin-rich
15 normo-
sign
ifican
tly increa
sed plasm
a leve
lssu
pplemen
tation
with oran
ge and
drink
of oran
ge ju
ice
lipidem
icof beta carotene
Malon
dialdeh
yde
carrot ju
ice in cigarette smok
ers
(145
mg vitamin C
) an
dciga
rette
one en
d product of ox
idation w
aslowers ox
idation products in
carrot ju
ice (16 mg
b-
smok
ers
sign
ifican
tly lower in co
pper-oxidized
coppe
r-ox
idized
low
-den
sity
carotene
)with no
LDL after vitam
in supp
lemen
tation
lip
oproteins JAm D
iet Assoc
vitamin
1995
95(6)671
ndash675
su
pplem
ents
Daucus carota
Carrot co
nsum
ption
Case-co
ntrol
Risk of vulva
r canc
er w
as inv
ersely
Parazz
ini F et al Se
lected
foo
d
trial
related to green ve
getables and
carrot
intake
and
risk of vulvar can
cer
cons
umption D
ata indicated
the
risk
Can
cer 19
95176(11
)229
1ndash22
96
of vulvar can
cer was related
to a
numbe
r of nutritiona
l an
d dietary
factors
Daucus carota
Water green pep
per
Con
trolled
After con
sumption of a diet low in
Helser MA e
t al Influen
ce of fruit an
dpine
apple tom
ato
clinical trial
nitrate an
d ascorbic acid (18
day
s)
vege
table juices on the en
dog
enou
sstrawbe
rry carrot an
d16
men
Carrot sign
ifican
tly inhibited N
-form
ation of N
-nitrosoprolin
ecelery ju
ices 4
6nitrosop
rolin
e form
ation relative
to
and N-nitroso
thiazo
lidine-4-
mg pe
r 10
0 mL in ascorbic
controls Results dem
onstrated that
carbox
ylic acid in hu
man
s on
acid by ad
dition of
carrot ju
ice ha
s ab
ility to inhibit
controlle
d diets Carcino
gene
sis
distille
d w
ater or
endog
enou
s nitrosation than
wou
ld be
1992
13(12
)227
7ndash22
80
ascorbate
expected based
solely on
ascorba
teco
nten
tDaucus carota
Carrots and
Raphanus
Human
trial
Con
sumption
of plant products
Sivu
k AK Effect of plant produc
ts of
sativustops
75 g
d for
(rad
ish an
d carrot tops
) for as lon
g as
nutrition (rad
ish an
d carrot tops
) as lon
g as 28 day
s28
day
s did not produce any
adve
rse
on various
ind
icators of
chan
ges in protein fat an
dmetab
olism in hu
man
s [R
ussian
] carboh
ydrate m
etab
olic param
eters
Kos
m Biol Aviak
osm M
ed 198
9ex
amined
23
(2)5
6ndash59
444
Daucus carota
Twelve
plants used for
Mice
Of the 12
plants Agaricus bisporus
and Ilex
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Glycemic
the trad
itiona
l treatm
ent
guayusash
owed
poten
tial antidiabe
tic
effects of traditiona
l Eur
opea
n of diabe
tes ad
ministered
effect
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
as decoction
s or
Studies in normal and
infusion
s for 28 day
sstreptozo
tocin diabe
tic mice
Agaricus bisporus
Diabe
tes Res 198
910
(2)6
9ndash73
Anacardium
occidentale Arctum
lappa Catharanthus
roseus D
aucus carota
Hum
ulus lupulus Ilex
guayusa Salvia
officinale Sambucus
nigra Taraxacum
officinale Trigonella
foenum
-graecum
Urtica
dioica
Dolichos biflorus L
Lectins
Arachis
Con
trolled
Dolichos biflorus Glycine max
Maz
umdar S e
t al Bind
ing pa
ttern
LEGUMIN
OSA
Ehypogaea Dolichos
human
trial
Lotus tetragonolobus Ricinus
of eight different lectins
in he
althy
Kulitha
biflorus Glycine max
11 w
ith
communis Ulex europaeussh
owed
subjects and
patients with
Horse gram
Lotus tetragonolobus
norm
al oral
very stron
g to stron
g bind
ing in
dys
plastic an
d m
aligna
nt lesions
of
Ricinus communis Ulex
muco
sa
healthy oral m
ucosa bu
t no
or ve
rythe oral cav
ity Int J O
ral
europaeus
conc
anav
alin
5 with
wea
k bind
ing in squ
amou
s cell
Max
illofacial Su
rg 199
322
(5)
A w
heat germ
leuk
oplakia
carcinom
a O
ther lectins
inv
estiga
ted
301ndash
305
with
may
be us
ed as probe
s to determine
dysplasia
the dys
plastic and
maligna
nt status of
12 w
ith oral
the oral m
ucosal ep
ithe
lium
muco
sal
squa
mou
scell
carcinom
aDolichos biflorus
Varying
extracts of
Female
All the plan
ts sho
wed
marke
d but
Prak
ash AO e
t al Anti-
Acrostichum
aureum
albino
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
implantation activity of some
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implantation activity
indigen
ous plants in rats A
cta
Citrulus colocynthus
Eur Fe
rtil 19
8516(6)441
ndash448
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
445
(continued)
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipiticus Ruta
graveolens
Eclipta alba(L)
Eclipta alba Ocimum
sanctum
Hyp
erglyc
emic
The
herba
l form
ulation ha
d little
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
Hassk
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rats
effect on bloo
d suga
r co
ncen
trations
Trasina
an
Ayu
rved
ic herba
l COMPO
SITAE
Tinospora cordifolia
but doses ind
uced
a dose-related
form
ulation
on pan
crea
tic islet
Bhr
inga
raj
Withania somnifera
decrease in strep
tozo
tocin (STZ)
supe
roxide dismutase activity in
Bhr
inga
raj
Doses 100 200
mg
kg
hype
rglycemia and
atten
uation
of
hype
rglycemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
PO 1
3 per day
for
SZT ind
uced
a decrease in islet
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
28 day
ssu
peroxide dismutase activity in
euglyc
emic rats
Eclipta alba
Ethan
olwater (1
1)Rats
Eclipta albasign
ifican
tly co
unteracted
Saxena
AK e
t al H
epatop
rotective
extract of Eclipta alba
induc
ed inh
ibition of the
hep
atic
effects of Eclipta albaon
sub
cellu
lar
microsomal dru
g metab
olizing en
zyme
leve
ls in rats J
Ethno
pha
rmam
idop
yrine N-dem
ethy
lase and
19
9340(3)155
ndash161
mem
bran
e bo
und G
-6-pho
spha
tase
Eclipta alba
1 caps
ule 3
3pe
r day
30 patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
composite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs o
n containing
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus
50 m
gur
eters or
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata10
0 mg
blad
ders
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
Eclipta alba100 mg
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
Myristica fragrans 10 mg
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
Tinospora cordifolia
100 mg
grea
ter than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
Tribulus terrestris
50 m
g
Withania somnifera
50 m
gEclipta alba
Eclipta albaair dried
and
Rats
Eclipta albawas fou
nd to co
unteract
Cha
ndra T et al Effect of Eclipta alba
powdered
Oral dose
an inc
rease of liver w
eigh
t he
patic
on inflammation an
d liv
er injury
of pow
der of 50
0 1000
lipid perox
idation liver g-glutamyl
Fitoterapia 198
7LVIII(1)23ndash
32
and 150
0 mg
kg per day
tran
spep
tidase serum alanine
tran
sferase activities an
d serum
alan
ine pho
spha
tase Impaired
seru
m A
G ratio in induced C
CL4
hepatic intox
ication was normalized
by treatmen
t Eclipta albash
owed
anti-inflammatory activity
446
Elephantopus
Water extracts derived
Rats with
After treatmen
t with crude ex
tract
Lin C
C e
t al The
eva
luation of
scaber
L
from
the
entire plan
ts of
induc
edresu
lts indicated
tha
t the seru
mhe
patop
rotective effects of Taiwan
COMPOSITAE
Elephantopus scaber
acute
glutamate-ox
alate-tran
saminase leve
lsfolk m
edicine lsquoTen
g-Kha
i-Ursquo
Gojihiva
Elephantopus mollis
hepa
tic
caus
ed b-D-galactosamine an
dJ Ethno
pha
rm 199
545
(2)1
13ndash1
23
Prick
ly lea
ves
and Pseudoelephantopus
dam
age
acetom
inop
hen to d
ecrease
spicatus
sign
ifican
tly
Elephantopus
Decoction
of dried
Male W
istar
The
acu
te inc
rease of serum
Lin C
C e
t al The
pha
rmacolog
ical
scaber
Elephantopus scaber
albino
rats
tran
saminase can be
significantly
and patho
logical studies on
su
bspe
cies
with CCL4
reduced w
hen trea
ting
with
Taiwan
folk med
icine (V
I)
oblanceolata
induc
edElephantopus scaber H
epatic fatty
The
effects of Elephantopus scaber
Elephantopus mollis
and
hepa
totoxicity
metam
orph
osis and
necrosis of cen
tral
subsp oblanceolata E mollis
and
Pseudoelephantopus
lobu
le w
ere im
prove
d by treatm
ent
Pseudo-elephantopus spicatus
Am J
spicatus
Chine
se M
ed 199
1XIX
(1)4
1ndash50
Elephantopus
Aqu
eous an
dMice rats
Both ex
tracts ind
uced
writhing loss
Poli A e
t al Prelim
inary pha
rmaco-
scaber
hydroalco
holic
extracts
of m
uscle ton
e ataxia prostration
and
logic ev
aluation of cru
de who
le
of w
hole plant of
dea
th B
oth reduc
ed brewerrsquos yeast-
plant extracts of Elephantopus scaber
Elephantopus scaber
induc
ed hyp
erthem
ia but w
hen give
nPa
rt I in vivo
studies J Ethno
pharm
Dose 03ndash6 gkg
IP
orally did not affect it Aqu
eous
1992
3771
ndash76
extract reduced intestina
l tran
sit time
while the
hyd
roalco
holic
extract
increa
sed it Given
IV b
lood
pressure
and heart rate were reduced
Elephantopus
Elephantopus scaber
Con
trolled
To ev
aluate the po
tential diuretic
Laran
ja SM e
t al E
valuation of acu
te
scaber
75 g pe
r 10
0 mL and
A
human
effect of tw
o na
tural su
bstanc
es 1
0ad
ministration of natur
al produc
ts
speciosa
08 g per 100
mL
trial
volunteers and
the
effects w
ere
with po
tential diuretic effects in
10 hea
lthy
compared
to thos
e of a placebo
No
human
s M
emorias do Instituto
volunteers
effect on electrolytes or rena
l func
tion
Osw
aldo
Cruz 19
9186(Su
ppl 2)
and con
trols
param
eter w
as observe
d for
237ndash
240
Elephantopus scaber
Elettaria
Oil ex
tracted from
Male albino
Com
parative
study of seed ex
tract an
dal-Z
uhair H et al Pha
rmacolog
ical
cardamomum
(L)
Elettaria cardamomum
rats m
ice
indom
etha
cin ag
ains
t acute ind
uced
studies of cardam
om oil in animals
Maton
seed
s D
oses of 17
5 an
dplanter edem
a prove
d to be
marke
d
Pha
rmacol R
es 199
634
(1ndash2
)79ndash
82
ZIN
GIBERACEAE
280 mLkg
and
Extract produced 50
protection
Elach
hoti
indo
metha
cin 30
mg
kgag
ains
t the writhing induced by IP
Cardam
omad
ministration of a 002
solution
of
p-ben
zoqu
inon
e
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
447
(continued)
Elettaria
Cardam
om seeds
Mice
Each
extract w
as exa
mined
for
Oku
yama T e
t al Stud
ies on
can
cer
cardamomum
extracted with n-he
xane
an
titumor-promoting activity
bioc
hemop
reve
ntion of natur
al
ethy
l acetate an
dCardam
om seed w
as a highly po
tent
resources X 1
inhibitory effect
metha
nol
inhibitor of ind
uced m
ouse ear
of spices on TPA-enh
anced
edem
a3H
-cho
line inco
rporation in
pho
spho
lipids of C
3H10
T1
2cells
and
on TPA-ind
uced mou
seea
r ed
ema C
hine
se Pha
rmaceu
t J
1995
47(5)421
ndash430
Elettaria
Dried
pow
der m
ixture
Con
trolled human
All three cytoge
nic en
dpo
ints
Dav
e BJ C
ytog
enic studies rev
eal
cardamomum
containing
Areca
trial pa
n-dem
onstrated a statistically significant
increa
sed gen
omic dam
age am
ong
catechunu
t catech
uco
nsum
ing
increa
se amon
g the lsquopan
masalarsquo
lsquopan
masalarsquo con
sumers
lime Elettaria
and hea
lthy
cons
umers as com
pared
with the no
n-Mutage
nesis 19
916(2)1
59ndash1
63
cardamomum
and
nonc
onsu
ming
cons
uming co
ntrols
flav
oring ag
ents used in
controls
prep
aration of lsquopa
nrsquoEmbelia ribes
Embelia ribes Glycyrrhiza
Sing
le-blin
dEa
ch thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
Bru
m f
glabra Holarrhena
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plic
ations
of he
rbal formulation
s MYRSINACEAE
antidysenterica
compa
rative
mixtures Successful treatm
ents in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Vidan
gaNardostachys jatamansi
stud
y 49
grou
ps A
and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative
study
Vidan
gaPhyllanthus emblica
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
J Med
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Santalum
album
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Terminalia bellirica
adults with
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s T
heTerminalia chebula
mild
to
mecha
nism
s of action remain
Zingiber officinale
mod
erate
unk
nown
facial acn
eEmbelia ribes
Embe
lin (isolated
from
Male albino
rats
Whe
n em
belin
was administered to
Chitra M et al Protective action
of
dried
berries of Embelia
rats s
ignificant tum
or reg
ression an
dem
belin
aga
inst lipid perox
idation
ribes) 50 mg an
dprolong
ed sur
viva
l time was rev
ealed
on tum
our be
aring rats F
itoterap
ia
100 mg
kg per day
1994
65(4)317
ndash321
orally for 20 day
sEmbelia ribes
Cru
de pow
der m
ixture
75 patients
The
cure rate in group A
was 80
Sa
rma BP O
jha D T
he m
anag
emen
t of equ
al parts of
with va
riou
sgrou
p B treated
with meb
endaz
ole
of G
andupa
da krim
i (Ascaris
Ailanthus excelsa Butea
worm
was 92
an
d group C w
as 76
lumbricoides) w
ith indigen
ous dr
ugs
monosperma Embelia
infestations
Cur
e rate sho
wed
neg
ative Ascaris
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
70ndash1
72
ribes Erythrina indica
lumbricoidesov
a in the
stool rep
ort
Mallotus philippensis
for 3 co
nsecutive
day
sOrxylum
indicum
Embelia ribes
Oral ad
ministration of
Adult m
ale rats
Embe
lin administration caused a
Gupta S et al Effects of em
belin
a
embe
lin 75 mg
kg daily
sign
ifican
t increase in the uptak
e of
male an
tifertility age
nt o
n for 15
and
30 day
sD-gluco
se L
-alanine
L-leu
cine
and
absorp
tive
and
digestive
fun
ctions
calcium in sm
all intestine segm
ents
of rat intestine
JEthno
pha
rmThe
autho
rs sugg
ested tha
t em
belin
1991
3320
3ndash21
2works at the metab
olic lev
el on the
grow
th of intestines and
possibly the
numbe
r an
d divisions
of ep
ithe
lial
cells
448
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin administered
Male albino
rats
After administration significant
Gupta S et al R
eversible ch
ange
s in
subc
utan
eous
ly 20 mg
kg
impairm
ent in lipid m
etab
olism in
lipid m
etab
olism in testis and
or by ga
stric ga
vage
of
testis liv
er b
rain kidne
ys and
othe
r tissue
s induc
ed by em
belin
75
mg
kg for 15 or
chan
ges in liver func
tion
test
Fitope
rapia 19
90LXI(4)297ndash3
05
30 day
sparam
eters was noted
The
se results
may
exp
lain the
antifertility
anti-
spermatog
enic effects in an
imals
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin administered
Male albino
rats
Embe
lin rev
eals significant impairm
ent
Gupta S et al Inh
ibition of
subc
utan
eous
ly 20 mg
kg
in carbo
hydrate m
etab
olism in the
reproduc
tive
tissu
e carboh
ydrate
body weigh
t for 15 and
primary an
d secon
dary repr
oductive
metab
olism and
rev
ersibility of
30 day
stissues
the effects of embe
lin a
plant
benz
oquinon
e of antifertility
poten
tial F
itoterap
ia 199
0LXI(2)
133ndash
143
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin 20 mg
kg bod
yMale rats
Embe
lin cau
sed an increa
se in the up
take
Gupta S et al C
hang
es in gluc
ose
weigh
t pe
r day
daily for
of D-gluco
se L
-alanine
L-leu
cine
and
am
ino acidc
alcium uptak
e an
d
15 and
30 day
scalcium in the sm
all intestine
brus
h-bo
rder m
embran
e-associated
segm
ents T
reatmen
t also cau
sed a
enzy
mes in rat sm
all intestine after
sign
ifican
t increase in the microso
mal
the ad
ministration of embe
lin
g-6-ph
ospha
tase and
the
cytosolic
(plant ben
zoqu
inon
e) a
nd
enzy
me lactate deh
ydroge
nase
antifertility age
nt J
Nutr Sci
Vitam
inol 199
036
153
ndash164
Embelia ribes
Embelia ribes
dry be
rry
Rats m
ice
Lack of any
adve
rse effects high
Atal CK e
t al Non
-narco
tic orally
powder and
extracted
therap
eutic index
and
absen
ce of the
effective cen
trally acting an
alge
sic
with n-he
xane
ab
stinen
ce syn
drome confers a long
-from
an Ayu
rved
ic dru
g J
Potassium embe
late 200
term
safety on
potassium
embe
late for
Ethno
pha
rm 198
411
309
ndash317
mg pe
r 10
mLkg
and
400
use as an
ana
lgesic com
pared
to
mg pe
r 10
mLkg
morph
ine
Embelia ribes
Embe
lin administered at
Rats
Imped
ed ability to impregn
ant was
Prak
ash AO A
ntifertility
50 and
100
mg
kgdem
onstrated Embe
lin provo
ked anti-
inve
stigations
on em
belin
an oral
implantation activity w
hen
contraceptive of plant origin Part
administered and
also reduc
edI-Biological prope
rties Planta
sign
ifican
tly the nu
mbe
r of
Med
JMed
Plant R
esim
plantations
(p
001
)19
814125
9ndash26
6
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
449
(continued)
Emblica officinalis
Emblica officinalis
fresh
Atherog
enic
Seru
m cho
lesterol triglyc
erides
Mathu
r R et al Hyp
olipidaemic
Gaertn
juice 5 mLk
g bo
dy
rabb
its
pho
spho
lipid and
LDL lev
els were
effect of fruit ju
ice of Emblica
EUPHORBIA
CEAE
weigh
t for 60
day
sreduc
ed by 82
6
6 77
a
nd 90
officinalis
in cho
lesterol-fed
rab
bits
Amla
resp
ective
ly T
he tissu
e lip
id lev
els
J Ethno
pharm 199650
61ndash
68
Emblic m
yrob
ala
show
ed a significant decrease
follo
wing Emblica officinalis
juice
administration A
ortic plaqu
es w
ere
regressed
Emblica officinalis
A m
ixture of Andrographis
Human
trial
Herba
l mixture w
as administered to
Ram
ji et al E
ffect of K
almeg
ha and
paniculata
and Emblica
35 patients
patients with Hep
atitis B
1 B
2 a
ndAmlaki com
pou
nd on viral he
ptitis
officinalis
hepatitis
post he
patitis syn
drome The
mixture
(Koshtha
-Sha
khashrita Kam
ala)
B1
dem
onstrated efficacy in red
ucing
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
64ndash1
69
hepatitis B
2
clinical sym
ptoms improving
liver
and post-
func
tion
and
albumin
hepatitis
synd
rome
Emblica officinalis
Dried
fru
it of Emblica
Human
Objective
impr
ovem
ent in m
ean
Sharma PK
et al Clin
ical eva
luation
officinalis
trial 18
values of the free and
total acid
of amalak
i ch
urna
in the treatm
ent
patien
tsco
ncen
tration were grad
ually red
uced
of amlapitta A
ryav
aidya
nwith ga
stro-
both in fasting an
d stimulated states
1990
4(2)1
20ndash1
22
intestinal
(p5
001
)tract disea
seEmblica officinalis
Haritak
i Terminalia
Rab
bits
Whe
n ch
olesterol was fed
to all
Tha
kur CP e
t al The
Ayu
rved
ic
chebula Emblica
grou
ps ch
olesterol leve
ls w
ere
med
icines H
aritak
i Amla and
officinalis Terminalia
sign
ifican
tly reduc
ed in the 3
Bah
ira reduc
e ch
olesterol-induced
bellirica
trea
tmen
t grou
ps tha
n in the
con
trol
athe
rosclerosis in rab
bits Int J
grou
p The
sam
e was tru
e for
Cardiology
198
821
(2)1
67ndash1
75
reduc
tion
in ch
olesterolemia
Emblica officinalis
Emblica officinalis
raw
Con
trolled human
Treatmen
t with Emblica officinales
Jaco
b A e
t al Effect of the
fruit for 28 day
strial 15
normal
reduc
ed cho
lesterol in bo
th normal
Indian go
oseb
erry (am
la) on
and 20 hy
per-
and hyp
erch
olesterolaem
ic subjects
seru
m cho
lesterol lev
els in m
ench
olesterolemic
After 2 w
eeks
withd
rawal from
aged
35ndash
55 yea
rs E
ur JC
lin N
utr
subjects
fruit total ch
olesterol leve
l of the
1988
41(11
)939
ndash944
hy
percho
lesterolem
ic sub
jects
increa
sed significantly alm
ost to
initial leve
ls
Eugenia jambolana
Extract of jaman
pulp
Rats
Emblica jambolana
pulp sho
wed
Ach
reka
r S et al H
ypog
lycemic acti-
Lam
from
the
fru
it of
hypo
glyc
emic effect Ficus
vity of Eugenia jambolana
and Ficus
MYRTACEAE
Emblica jambolana
and
benghalensis
bark extract cau
sed
benghalensismecha
nism
ofaction
ex
tracts of ba
rk of Ficus
reduc
tion
in bloo
d sug
ar lev
el O
ral
In V
ivo 19
915(2)1
43ndash1
47
Blackbe
rry
benghalensis
administration of the
extracts resu
lted
in enh
ancemen
t in serum ins
ulin
leve
ls in no
rmog
lycemic and
diabe
tic
rats
450
Eugenia jambolana
Two capsu
les of 450
20 case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a com-
mg each
Coccinia
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
nposite he
rbal dru
g in the
treatmen
tindica Cum
inum
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
sof Diabetes mellitus
(Mad
humeh
a)
cyminum
Eugenia
Aryav
aidya
n 19
915(1)3
6ndash46
jambolana Gymnema
sylvestre Momordica
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Eugenia jambolana
Olean
olic acid (C3-
Male albino
rats
The
extract decreased
fertiliz
ing
Rajasek
aran
M et al Antifertility
0H48
O3) isolated from
capacity witho
ut an
y sign
ifican
teffect in male rats of olea
nolic
acid
flow
ers of Emblica
chan
ges in bod
y weigh
t or
a triterpe
ne from Eugenia jambolana
jambolana administered
repr
oduc
tive
organ
weigh
ts T
heflow
ers J Ethno
pha
rm 198
824
(1)
for 60
day
sex
tract arrested
spermatog
enesis but
115ndash
121
did not cau
se any
abn
ormality to
spermatog
enic cells Ley
dig
interstitial a
nd Sertoli cells
Ferula foetida
Rats fed for 8 weeks the
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Srinivasan
K
Bung
e)Reg
elfollo
wing plan
ts
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irInflue
nce of dietary spices
UMBELLIFE
RAE
Brassicasp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
or the
ir active princ
iples on
Hingu
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
ucosa D
ietary
digestive
enz
ymes of sm
all
Asafoetida
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcum
in capsaicin p
iperine an
dintestinal m
ucosa in rats Int J
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprominen
tly
Food
Sci N
utr 199
547
(1)5
5ndash59
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases suc
rase and
Trigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetida
brou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
pho
spha
tases an
d sucrase The
positive influen
ces of a goo
d numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
451
(continued)
Ferula foetida
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
dCum
inum
cyminum
seeds Ocimum
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan
Cum
inum
cyminum
rats
sanctum
leav
es an
d Papaver
VM Anticarcino
genic
Curcuma longa Ferula
somnifera
seed
s sign
ifican
tly
effects of som
e Indian
plant
asafoetida Ocimum
inhibited neo
plasia alon
e The
sepr
oducts Foo
d C
hem Tox
icsanctum Moringa
plan
ts m
ay prove
to be
valuab
le19
9230(11
)953
ndash956
oleifera Papaver
anticarcinog
ens
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Ferula foetida
Cuminum
cym
inum
Swiss mice
All these plants leave
s and
herbs
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
seed
s Papaver
increased glutathione
-S-trans
ferase
Plan
t produc
ts as protective
somnifera seedsFerula
activity by more than
78
in the
agen
ts aga
inst can
cer Ind
ian JE
xp
foetida Curcuma longa
stom
ach liver and
esoph
agus
high
Biol 19
9028(11
)100
8ndash11
11
kand
athipili
enou
gh to be
con
sidered
protective
Azadirachta indica
agen
ts aga
inst carcino
gene
sis
flow
ers m
anatha
kkali
leav
es d
rumstick leav
es
Ocimum
sanctum
leav
esan
d pon
naka
nni leav
esFerula foetida
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-Influe
nce of spices an
dcyminum
Ferula
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
spice pr
inciples on
hep
atic m
ixed
foetida Tamarindus
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
func
tion
oxy
gena
se system in
indica Trigonella
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
rats Indian JB
ioch
em Bioph
ysfoenum
-graecum
graecum
also
stimulated the
lev
els of
1989
26(4)254
ndash258
Zingiber officinale
cytoch
rome P4
50 and
b5 Cum
inum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated
N-dem
ethy
lase activity
Ferula foetida
Piper nigrum
powder in
Human
Results sh
owed
Piper nigrum pow
der
Desai H
G K
alro R
H E
ffect of black
dos
es of 02 04 gh
trial 20
doe
s no
t dam
age the hu
man
gastric
peppe
r an
d asafoetida on
the
DNA
and Ferula foetidain
healthy
muc
osa w
hereas Ferula foetidadoe
sco
nten
t of gastric asp
irates Ind
Jdos
es of 01 02 a
nd 04
human
based on the rate of ex
folia
tion
of the
Med
Res 198
582
(1)3
25ndash3
29
gh on
different day
svo
lunteers
surface ep
ithe
lial cells
of hu
man
gastric muco
sa
Ficus benghalensis L
Dim
etho
xy ether of
Rats
Administration of the
extract sho
wed
Che
rian
S A
ugu
sti KT
MORACEA
Eleucope
largon
din-3-0-
abou
t a 12
hyp
oglycemic action in
Insu
lin sparing action
of
Vata
alph
a-L rham
noside
norm
al rats The
results indicate an
leuc
opelargo
nidin derivative
Ban
yan tree
from
bark of the
Ficus
insu
lin-spa
ring
action of the
isolated
from Ficus benghalensis
benghalensis
(100
leuc
opelargo
nin if used in
Linn Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
mg
kg orally
)co
mbina
tion
with insu
lin
1995
33(8)608
ndash611
Ficus benghalensis
Dim
etho
xy ether of
Diabe
tic
The
com
pou
nd sho
wed
significant
Augu
sti KT e
t al Effect
leucope
largon
din-3-0-
dog
shy
pog
lycemic and
serum
ins
ulin
of leu
copelargo
nin derivatives
alph
a-L rham
noside
increased action in normal and
from
Ficus benghalensisLinn on
isolated
from the
bark of
mod
erately diabe
tic dog
s (ind
uced by
diabe
tic dog
s Ind
ian JM
ed R
esFicus benghalensis
alloxa
n) during
a period of 2 ho
urs
1994
9982
ndash86
(100 m
gkg
oral
administration)
452
Ficus benghalensis
Extract of jaman
pulp
Rats
Emblica jambolana
pulp sho
wed
Ach
reka
r S et al H
ypog
lycemic
from
the
fru
it of
hypo
glyc
emic effect Ficus
activity of Eugenia jambolana
and
Emblica jambolana
and
benghalensis
bark extract cau
sed
FicusbenghalensisM
echa
nism
of
extracts of ba
rk of Ficus
reduction in blood
suga
r leve
l Oral
action
In V
ivo 19
915(2)1
43ndash147
benghalensis
administration of the
extracts resu
lted
in enh
ancemen
t in serum
ins
ulin
leve
ls in no
rmog
lycemic and
diabe
tic
rats
Ficus benghalensis
Isop
roteinou
s diets
Wea
nling
The
effect of inc
orporation of w
hole
Aga
wam
V C
hatham
BM E
ffect
containing
1
rats
plants pa
rts in feed intak
e w
eigh
tof feeding so
me plan
t food
s ch
olesterol an
d 10
gain feed efficienc
y ratio (FER) dry
as sou
rce of dietary fibre on
fibe
r derived
from
matter digestibility (D
MD) an
d tru
ebiolog
ical utilisation of diet in
Cappers deciduas Ficus
protein digestibility (TPD
) was
rats P
lant Foo
ds Hum
Nutr
religious Ficus
studied Inc
lusion
did not effect
1989
39(2)161
ndash167
glomeration Ficus
weigh
t ga
in significantly but all othe
rbenghalensisan
dparam
eters were influen
ced to a
Prsopsis cinceria
varying ex
tent Fo
ods rich
in lig
nin
were fed for 40 day
sha
d relatively lower FER D
MD a
ndTPD w
hereas cellulose and
pectin-rich
food
s ha
d an increased D
MD
and TPD
Ficus benghalensis
Dietary fiber con
tent of
Rats
Dietary fiber from the
se plants food
sAga
rwal V
Cha
uha
n BM A
study
Capparis decidua
fed at 10
dietary lev
el ind
uced an
of com
position
and
hyp
olipidem
ic
Ficus benghalensis
increa
sed resistanc
e to hyp
erlip
idem
iaeffect of dietary fibre from som
e Ficus glomerata Ficus
than
cellulose The
dietary fiber
plant foo
ds Plant Foo
ds H
um N
utr
religiosaa
nd Prsopsis
influen
ced total lipids cho
lesterol
1988
38(2)189
ndash197
cinceria
varied
from
triglycerides a
nd pho
spho
lipids of the
385 to 557
liver to va
rying ex
tents
Ficus religiosa L
Isop
roteinou
s diets
Wea
nling
The
effect of inc
orporation of w
hole
Aga
rwal V
Cha
uha
n BM E
ffect of
MORACEAE
containing
1
rats
plants pa
rts in feed intak
e w
eigh
tfeed
ing so
me plan
t food
s as sou
rce
Asw
atha
cholesterol an
d 10
gain F
ER D
MD a
nd TPD w
asof dietary fibre on biolog
ical utilisa-
Sacred
fig
fibe
r derived
from
studied Inc
lusion
did not effect
tion
of diet in rats Plant Foo
ds
Capparis decidua Ficus
weigh
t ga
in significantly but all othe
rHum N
utr 198
939
(2)1
61ndash1
67
religiosa Ficus
param
eters were influen
ced to a
glomerata Ficus
varying ex
tent Fo
ods rich
in lig
nin
benghalensisan
dha
d relatively lower FER D
MD a
ndPrsopsis cinceria
were
TPD w
hereas cellulose and
pectin-
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
453
(continued)
fed for 40 day
srich
foo
ds ha
d an increased D
MD and
TPD
Ficus religiosa
Dietary fiber con
tent of
Rats
Dietary fiber from the
se plants food
sAga
rwal V
Cha
uha
n BM
A study of
Capparis decidua
fed at 10
dietary lev
el ind
uced an
compo
sition
and
hyp
olipidem
ic
Ficus benghalensis
increased resistanc
e to hyp
erlip
idem
iaeffect of dietary fibre
from
som
e Ficus glomerata Ficus
than
cellulose T
he dietary fiber
plan
t food
s Plant Foo
ds H
um N
utr
religiosaan
d Prsopsis
influe
nced
total lipids cho
lesterol
1988
38(2)189
ndash197
cinceria
varied
from
triglycerides an
d pho
spho
lipids of the
385 to 55
7
liver to va
rying ex
tents
Foeniculum
Ethan
olic extracts of
Mice
The
extracts caused no sign
ifican
tSh
ah A
H e
t al Tox
icity studies
vulgareMill
Foeniculum
vulgare fru
it
acute or ch
ronic mortality as
in m
ice of ethan
ol extracts of
UMBELLIFERAE
Short-term
doses 05 1
0
compa
red to co
ntrols
Foeniculum
vulgare fru
it and
Sa
tupus
pa
and 3 gkg
lon
g-term
Ruta chalepensisae
rial parts J
Fenn
eldose was 100
mg
kg
Ethn
opha
rm 199
134
(2)1
67ndash1
72
per day
Foeniculum
vulgare
Aqu
eous ex
tracts of
Pentob
arbital-
Intrav
enou
s ad
ministration of the
Abd
ul-G
hani A
S A
min R
The
Foeniculum
vulgare
anae
sthe
tized
extract prod
uced a sign
ifican
t dose-
vascular action
of aq
ueo
us ex
tracts
leav
es tha
t were
rats
related red
uction
in arterial blood
of Foeniculum vulgare
leav
es
lyop
hiliz
ed and
boiled
pressu
re witho
ut affecting the he
art
JEthno
pharm 198
824
213
ndash218
rate or resp
iratory rate T
he non
-boiled
aqueo
us ex
tract sh
owed
very little
hypoten
sive
activity
Foeniculum
vulgare
Oral ad
ministration of
Male an
dIn m
ale rats total protein con
centration
Malini T e
t al Effect of Foeniculum
aceton
e ex
tract of
female rats
was fou
nd to be
significantly
vulgareMill seed
extract on the
Foeniculum
vulgare
decreased
in testes and
vas deferen
s
genital orga
ns of male an
d fem
ale
seed
s for 15 day
san
d inc
reased
in seminal vesicles
rats Indian J Phy
siol Pha
rmacol
and prostate glan
d In fem
ale rats
1985
29(1)21ndash
26
the ex
tract led to va
gina
l co
rnification
and estru
s cy
cle
Foeniculum
vulgare
Herb co
mbina
tion
of
Human
trial
As a resu
lt of the trea
tmen
t sp
ontane
ous
Cha
kurski I e
t al Treatmen
t of
Calendula officinalis
24 patients
and palpab
le pains
along
the
large
ch
ronic co
litis w
ith an
herba
l Foeniculum
vulgare
with ch
ronic
intestine disap
pea
red in 95
83
of the
combina
tion
of Taraxacum
officinale
Hypericum
perforatum
nons
pecific
patien
ts by the 15
th day
of their
Hipericum
perforatum M
elissa
Melissa officinalis
colitis
admission
to the clinic and
treatmen
t officinalis Calendula officinalis
and
Taraxacum
officinale
with he
rbal com
bina
tion
Foeniculum
vulgare
[Bulga
rian
]Vutr Boles 198
120
(6)5
1ndash54
Glycyrrhiza glabra L
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach three trea
tmen
t grou
ps were
Paran
jpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
LEGUMIN
OSA
EGlycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plications
of he
rbal formulation
s Yashtim
adhu
Holarrhena
comparative
mixtures Suc
cessful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgarisA
sing
le-blin
d
Licorice
antidysenterica
study 49
grou
ps A and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative stud
y J
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
Med
icinal A
romatic Plant Sci 199
7Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d19
414
ndash418
Santalum
album
ad
ults with
othe
r comed
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
mecha
nism
s of action remain
Terminalia chebula
mod
erate
unkn
own
Zingiber officinale
facial acn
e
454
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Chine
se m
edicine
Rats
Rats were injected
with this formula
Wan
g W
K et al Collective effect
form
ula of Paeoniae
to obs
erve
blood
pressur
e ch
ange
sof a C
hine
se formulamdash
A study
lactiforaeroot
The
formula ha
d an effect on the
of xiao-jia
n-zh
ong-tang
Am JChin
Astralagus
Fourier com
pone
nts of the
blood
Med
199
523
(3ndash4
)299ndash3
04
Cinnamomum
pressure w
ave simila
r to the
linea
rzeylanicum
Glycyrrhiza
combina
tion
of the three he
rb group
sglabra Fructus jujubae
whe
n used separately
Saccharum granorum
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhizine
150
Human
trial
Glycy
rrhizine
in low doses on hy
per-
Muraka
mi T U
chikaw
a T E
ffect of
mg
d8 no
n-insu
lin-
kalemia N
IDDM patients sh
owed
the
glyc
yrrh
izine on
hyp
erka
lemia due
dep
enden
tmea
n seru
m potassium con
centration
to
to hyp
oren
inem
ic hyp
oaldos-
Diabetes
decrease sign
ifican
tly to 44 m
Eq
L
teronism
in Diabetes mellitusLife
mellitus
with 15
0 mg
d
Sci 19
9153(5)63ndash
68
(NID
DM)
patien
tsGlycyrrhiza glabra
Plants includ
e leave
s of
Mice
Treatmen
t with Agrimonia eupatoria
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK e
t al Traditiona
l Agrimonia eupatoria
Medicago sativa Coriandrum
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
Alchemilla vulgaris
sativum Eucalyptus globulus
and
Studies in normal and
strep
to-
bulbs of Allium
sativum
Juniperus communis
reduced the
lev
elzo
tocin diabe
tic mice D
iabe
tologia
Chelidonium majus
of hyp
erglyc
emia during
dev
elop
men
t19
9033(8)462
ndash464
Convallaria majalis
of strep
tozo
tocin diabe
tes in m
ice
seed
s ofCoriandrum
This was assoc
iated w
ith reduced
sativum Eucalyptus
polyd
ipsia (excep
t Coriandrum
globulusr
oots of
sativum) an
d a red
uced
rate of w
eigh
tGlycyrrhiza glabra
loss (ex
cept Agrimonia eupatoria)
dried
berries of
Juniperus communis
Medicago sativa Rubus
fraticosus
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhizin
Ran
dom
ized
Results sho
wed
impr
ovem
ent of liver
Su X
et al Clin
ical and
lab
oratory
controlle
dfunc
tion
Fo
r bo
th acu
te and
chron
icob
servation on
the
effect of
trial 88
cases in the
sho
rt-term glyc
yrrh
izin
glyc
yrrh
izin in acute and
chr
onic
patien
tssh
owed
statistically significant
viral he
patitis JTrad C
hin Med
with ch
ronic
improve
men
t19
844(2)1
27ndash1
32
hepa
titis
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
455
(continued)
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Deg
lycyrrhizinize
dCon
trolled
After 4 w
eeks
no
differenc
e was
Bard
shan
KD e
t al C
linical trial of
licorice or placebo
clinical
found
in ga
stric ulcers be
tween the
deg
lycy
rrhizinised liq
uorice in
trial 96
placebo
and
treatmen
t grou
pga
stric ulcer Gut 19
781977
9ndash78
2pa
tien
tswith ga
stric
ulcers
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Com
parison
of
Ran
dom
ized
Both are effective
in the treatm
ent of
DrsquoImpe
rio N e
t al Dou
ble-blind
Cim
etidine an
ddou
ble-
duod
enal ulcers
trial in duod
enal and
gastric
deg
lycy
rrhizinize
dblind trial
ulcersCim
etidine an
d de
gly-
licorice
30 patients
cyrrhizinize
d liq
uorice A
cta Gastro-
with
Enterolog
ica Belgica X
LI 19
78
duo
den
al42
7ndash43
4ulcers
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Deg
lycyrrhizinize
dRetrosp
ective
Healin
g of the
ulcerations
was
observed
La
rkworthy W
Holga
te PFL
lic
orice
survey
in all pa
tien
ts A
fter 16 weeks
78
Deg
lycy
rrhizinized liquorice in
32 patients
had end
osco
pic ev
iden
ce tha
t the
the trea
tmen
t of chr
onic d
uoden
al
with ch
ronic
ulceration ha
d healed
ulcer P
ractitione
r 19
75215
787
ndash792
duo
den
alulcer history
Gossypium
Gossy
pol compou
ndDou
ble-blind
A m
ale an
tifertility drug was tested
Liu G
et al Trial of Gossy
pol as a
herbaceum
L
isolated
from seed stem
clinical trial
and a 92
efficacy rate w
as ach
ieve
dmale co
ntraceptive
In Gossy
pol A
MALVACEA
Eor roo
t of Gossypium
64 gos
sypol
The
inc
iden
ce of fatigu
e decreased
Potential C
ontracep
tive
for M
en
Karpa
sherbaceum
and 74
libido and
gastrointestina
l distur-
Sega
l S Ed New
York
Plenu
mIndian cotton
placeb
oba
nce of the
two grou
ps show
edPress 19
859ndash1
6no
statistical differenc
eGossypium
Gossy
pol acetic acid
Female rats
Gos
sypol acetic acid at a high
er dose
Lei HP et al S
tudies of G
ossypol
herbaceum
(80 mg
kg) co
uld interru
pt early
on the
fem
ale In A
dv C
hine
se M
ed
pregn
ancy
in female rats P
rolong
edMaterials R
es C
hang
HM
et al
administration (30 mg
kg) led to
Eds W
orld Scien
tific Philadelphia
atrophy
of the rat en
dom
etrium
19
85639
ndash645
Gossypium
Gossy
pol 20 m
gd for
Human
Gos
sypol had
a profoun
d effect on
Frick J Dan
ner C
198
5 Effect of
herbaceum
3 mon
ths
trial 5 men
spermatog
enesis tha
t was fully
Gossy
pol on
human
testicu
lar
reve
rsible after termination of
func
tion
Eva
luation of sem
inal and
trea
tmen
t Infertility lasted 4ndash6
horm
onal param
eters In G
ossy
pol
mon
ths
A Poten
tial C
ontracep
tive
for M
en
Sega
l S Ed Plen
um Press NY
1985
17ndash
23
Gossypium
20 m
gd gos
sypol
Human
trial
Gos
sypol inh
ibited
spermatog
enesis
Cou
tinh
o EM
et al Bipha
sic action
of
herbaceum
mon
acetic acid for 4
12 m
enin m
en at a dose leve
l that in the
Gossy
pol in m
en In Gos
sypol A
mon
ths the
nsh
ort-term
treatmen
t ap
pea
rs to be
Poten
tial C
ontracep
tive
for M
en
60 m
g weekly for 4ndash
6free of side effects
Sega
l S Ed New
York Plenu
mmon
ths
Press 19
8525ndash
31
456
Gymnema sylvestre
Gymnema sylvestre ex
tract
Rats
Gymnema sylvestreex
tract did not
Tom
inag
a M e
t al Effects of seishin-
(Retz)S
chult
120 mg
kg per day
improve
ins
ulin
resistanc
e in
rens
hiin and
Gymnema sylvestreon
ASC
LEPIADACEAE
streptozo
tocin-induc
ed diabe
tic rats
insu
lin resistanc
e in strep
tozo
tocin-
Mesha
sringi
induc
ed diabe
tic rats D
iabe
tes Res
Gurm
arClin
Pract 199
529
(1)1
1ndash17
Gymnema sylvestre
Two caps
ules of 450
20 case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of
mg ea
ch Coccinia
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
nco
mposite he
rbal d
rugs
in the
indica Cum
inum
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
strea
tmen
t of D
iabe
tes mellitus
cyminum
Eugenia
(Mad
humeh
a) Aryav
aidya
n jambolana Gymnema
1991
5(1)3
6ndash46
sylvestre Momordica
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Gymnema sylvestre
Pep
tide
iso
lated from
Rats
Inhibitory effect on
the
sweet resp
onses
Imoto T e
t al A nov
el pep
tide
Gymnema sylvestre
appea
red after treating tong
ue surface
isolated
from the
lea
ves of
leav
es Dosag
e pep
tide
with Gymnema sylvestrepep
tide
Gymnema sylvestremdash
I Cha
racter-
at a con
centration
more
ization an
d its sup
pressive
effect
than
1 3
10(2
6)M
on the
neu
ral resp
onses to sweet
taste stim
uli in the
rat C
omp
Bioch
em Phy
siol A
199
110
0(2)
309ndash
314
Gymnema sylvestre
GS4
an ex
tract from
Hum
an trial
Dur
ing GS4
sup
plemen
tation
aBaska
ran K e
t al A
ntidiabe
tic
leav
es of Gymnema
22 typ
e II
sign
ifican
t de
crea
se in bloo
d gluco
se
effect of a leaf extract from
sylvestre 400
mg
dpa
tien
ts w
ith
glyc
osylated
hem
oglobin an
d plasm
aGymnema sylvestre in non
-ins
ulin
-18ndash2
0 mon
ths as
diabe
tes
proteins was noted
Con
ventiona
ldep
enden
t diabe
tes mellitus
su
pplem
ent to
dru
g dos
e co
uld be decreased
23
patients J E
thno
pharm 199
030
(3)
conv
ention
al dru
g(522
) disco
ntinue
d com
pletely
295ndash
300
therap
y of glib
enclam
ide
conv
ention
al dru
g therap
yor tolbu
tamide
Gymnema sylvestre
GS4
an ex
tract from
Con
trolled hu
man
Insu
lin req
uirem
ents decreased
with
Shan
mug
asund
aram
ER e
t al Use
leav
es of Gymnema
trial 27
patients
fasting bloo
d gluco
se as did
of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract
sylvestre 400
mg
dwith insu
lin-
glyc
osylated
hem
oglobin an
d plasm
ain the
con
trol of bloo
d gluco
se in
dep
enden
tproteins and
serum
lipid lev
els
insu
lin-dep
enden
t diab
etes m
ellitus
Diabetes
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
030
(3)2
81ndash2
94
mellitusmdash
trea
ted group
and non
treated
grou
p
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
457
(continued)
Gymnema sylvestre
GS3
and
GS4
extracts
Streptozo
tocin
Herba
l therap
y ap
pears to bring
abo
utSh
anmuga
sund
aram
ER e
t al
from
Gymnema
rats
bloo
d gluco
se hom
eostatis
Possible rege
neration
of
sylvestreleav
esthe islets of Lan
gerhan
s in
streptozo
tocin-diabe
tic rats given
Gymnema sylvestreleaf extracts
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
030
(3)2
65ndash2
79
Gymnema sylvestre
GS4
extracted
from
Non
diabe
tic an
dResults sugg
est us
efulne
ss of Gymnema
Oka
baya
shi Y e
t al Effect
Gymnema sylvestre
streptoz
ocin-
sylvestrein the
treatmen
t of certain
of Gymnema sylvestre R
Br on
leav
es 1 gkg
bod
yinduc
ed m
ildly
classes of non
-ins
ulin dep
enden
t gluco
se hom
eostasis in rats
weigh
tdiabe
tic rats
Diabetes mellitus
Diabe
tes Res C
lin Pract
1990
9(2)1
43ndash1
48
Gymnema sylvestre
Pow
dered
lea
ves of
Rats
Gymnema sylvestrepr
otected the
animals
Prak
ash AO e
t al E
ffect of feeding
Gymnema sylvestre
from
low
blood
gluco
se lev
els seen
Gymnema sylvestreleav
es on bloo
d
in rats receiving be
ryllium nitrate
gluco
se in be
ryllium
nitrate treated
alon
erats J Ethno
pha
rm 198
618(2)1
43ndash
146
Gymnema sylvestre
Oral ap
plication of
Clin
ical trial
Sweetness pe
rcep
tion
of the load
was
Brala PM Hag
en R
L Effects of
Gymnema sylvestre
factorial design
reduced in 50
of the su
bjects by oral
sweetness perception
and
caloric
extracts
118 hu
man
application of the
extract L
ess total
value of a preload
on sh
ort term
vo
lunteers
and sweet calories w
ere co
nsum
ed by
intake
Phy
siol Beh
av 198
330
(1)1
ndash9
thos
e with a reduc
ed sweetness
perception
Hemidesmus
Plants lack
ing
Feed
ing trials
All plan
ts produc
ed hep
atic lesions
tha
t Arseculeratne SN
et al Studies of
Indicus(L) W
T
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
in rats
includ
ed cen
tral vein ab
norm
alities
med
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Ation
Aegle marmelos
Terminalia chebula and
Withania
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eASC
LEPIADACEAE
Hemidesmus indicus
somnifera
produced m
ark rena
l lesion
strad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs J
Sariva
Terminalia chebula
Ethno
pharm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
Indian Sa
saparilla
Withania somnifera
Hemidesmus
Air dried
roo
ts of
Mice
Hemidesmus indicus
was tested on mice
Gupta PN Anti-leprotic action
of
indicus
Hemidesmus indicus
infected
with M leprae The
dru
g may
an
extract from ldquoAna
ntam
ulrdquo
simple distilla
tion
with
caus
e a delay
in multiplic
ation of
(Hemidesmus Indicus
RB
r) Lep
r
water
orga
nism
s in the
mou
se foo
t pa
ds
India 198
153
(3)3
54ndash3
59
Holarrhena
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach of the
thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps were
Paranjpe P E
valuation of top
ical
antidysenterica
Glycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered differen
t he
rbal
applications
of he
rbal formulations
(R
oxb Ex Fleing
) Holarrhena
comparative
mixtures Successful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Wall Ex A
DC
antidysenterica
study 49
grou
ps A and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative study
APO
CYNACEAE
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
JMed
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
119
Kutaja
Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Kur
chi tree
Santalum
album
ad
ults w
ith
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
trea
tmen
t prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
sTerminalia chebula
mod
erate
of action remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
facial acn
eHolarrhena
Ethan
ol extract of
Mice
Holarrhena antidysentericaap
peared
Atal CK e
t al Im
mun
omod
ulating
antidysenterica
Holarrhena
to stimulate pha
gocy
tic func
tion
while
agen
ts of plan
t origin IP
relim
inary
antidysenterica
inhibiting
the
humoral com
pon
ent of
screen
ing JEthno
pharm 198
6the im
mun
e sy
stem
18
(2)1
33ndash1
41
458
Holarrhena
Bark po
wder of Holarrhena
Clin
ical trial
Effects of Holarrhena antidysenterica
Cha
turved
i GN S
ingh
KP Sideeffects
antidysenterica
antidysentericain three
11 patients
is not tho
roug
hly atox
ic and
may
lea
dof a traditiona
l indigen
ous dru
g-divided
doses of 4 g for
with intestinal
to sev
eral sub
jective symptoms an
dKutaja (Holarrhena antidysentirica)
15 day
sam
oebiasis and
hypo
tens
ion
Letter to the
editorInd
ian J
giardiasis
Phy
siol Pha
rmacol 198
325
5ndash25
6Holarrhena
Plants screen
ed for
Rats
Feed
ing trials produced liv
er lesions
Arseculeratne SN
et al Studies on
antidysenterica
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
and histopatho
logy
in the lung
s an
dmed
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Crotalaria verrucosa
kidne
ys com
patible with the action
of
Occur
renc
e of pyrroliz
idine alka
loids
Holarrhena antidysenterica
pyrroliz
idine alka
loids
and hep
atotox
ic properties in
and Cassia auriculata
some trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs
J Ethno
pha
rm 198
14(2)159
ndash177
Hydrocotyle asiaticaL
Dried
upr
ipe fruit po
wder
Ran
dom
ized
Treatmen
t with all these plan
ts did not
Haide
r R et al Eva
luation of ind
ige-
UMBE
LLIFE
RAE
of Aegle marmelos d
ried
doub
le-blin
dsh
ow any
clin
ical improv
emen
t or
nous
plants in the
treatmen
t of
Zup
ha
powder plant of Hydrocotyle
clinical trial
bacteriological cu
re as compa
red to
acute sh
igellosis Trop Geo
rgr Med
Hyssop
asiatica dried
pow
der of
82 m
en w
itham
picillin
1991
43(3)266ndash2
70
Poederia foetida
shigellosis
Hygrophila
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats with
A significant hep
atop
rotective activity
Sing
h A Han
da SS
Hep
atop
rotective
auriculata
the seed
s of Apium
paracetamol-
of the
metha
nolic
extract of the seed
sactivity of Apium
graveolensan
d (Sch
umach)H
eine
graveolens
and
induc
edof both plan
ts w
as rep
orted
Hygrophila auriculataag
ains
t parac-
ACANTHACEAE
Hygrophila auriculata
liver
etam
ol and
thioa
cetamideintoxi-
Kok
ilaks
ha
dam
age
catio
n in rats JEthn
opha
rmTalmak
hana
1995
49(3)119
ndash126
Juniperus communis
L
Juniper decoction
at dosag
e Normog
lycemic and
Junipe
r decoc
tion
red
uced
glycemic
Sanc
hez de Med
ina F et al Hyp
o-CUPRESS
ACEAE
of 250 m
gkg
and
125
streptoz
otocin
leve
ls in no
rmog
lycemic rats
glyc
emic activity of ju
niper
Hap
usa
mg
kgdiabe
tic rats
Administration to diabe
tic rats for 24
ldquoberriesrdquo Planta Med
199
460
(3)
Juniper berry
day
s resu
lted
in a sign
ifican
t decrease
197ndash
200
both in bloo
d gluco
se lev
els an
d in
the mortality index
as well as the
preve
ntion of loss of bod
y weigh
tJuniperus
Plants include
leav
es of
Mice
Treatmen
t with Agrimonia eupatoria
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Tradition
al
communis
Agrimonia eupatoria
Medicago sativa Coriandrum
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
Alchemilla vulgaris
sativum Eucalyptus globulus
and
Stud
ies in normal and
strep
tozo
tocin
bulbs of Allium
sativum
Juniperus communis
reduced the
lev
eldiabe
tic mice D
iabe
tologia 1990
Chelidonium majus
of hyp
erglyc
emia during
dev
elop
men
t33
(8)4
62ndash4
64
Convallaria majalis
of strep
tozo
tocin diabe
tes in m
ice
seed
s of Coriandrum
This was assoc
iated w
ith redu
ced
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
459
(continued)
sativum Eucalyptus
polyd
ipsia (excep
t Coriandrum
globulusroots of
sativum) an
d a red
uced
rate of w
eigh
tGlycyrrhiza glabra
loss (ex
cept Agrimonia eupatoria)
dried
berries of
Juniperus communis
Medicago sativa Rubus
fraticosus
Juniperus
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plan
ts sho
wed
marke
d but
Prak
ash AO e
t al Anti-im
plantation
communis
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of some indigen
ous plan
ts
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implantation activity
in rats A
cta Eur Fertil 19
8516(6)
Citrulus colocynthus
441ndash
448
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
Linum usitatissimum
L
Ground
raw
flaxseed 50
Human
trial
Autho
rs con
clude that up to 50
gCunn
ane SC
et al High alph
a-LIN
ACEAE
gd for 4 w
eeks
healthy
high
-a-linolen
ic acid flaxseedday
linolen
ic acid flaxseed (Linum
Uma Linseed
female
is palatab
le safe an
d m
ay be
usitatissimum
) some nu
tritiona
l vo
lunteers
nutritiona
lly ben
eficial in human
s by
prope
rties in hum
ans Br JN
utr
increa
sing
n-3 fatty acids in plasm
aMar199
369
(2)4
43ndash3
an
d erythrocytes an
d by de
creasing
postprand
ial gluco
se respo
nses
Linum
Freeze-dried
extracts of
Wistar albino
Linum usitatissimum
and Symphytum
Shipochliev T et al A
nti-inflammatory
usitatissimum
Calendula officinalis
rats
officinaledid not inh
ibit inflammation
action
of a grou
p of plant extracts
Hypericum
perforatum
but they
did suppr
ess the leuk
ocyte
[Bulgarian] Vet M
ed N
auki 198
1Linum usitatissimum
infiltration
at the third and
fou
rth ho
ur18
(6)8
7ndash94
Matricaria chamomilla
of the
ind
uced
inflammation
Plantago lanceolata
Calendula officinalis H
ypericum
Symphytum
officinale
perforatum
Matricaria chamomilla
and Plantago lanceolata
suppressed
both inflammatory effect and
leuko
cyte infiltration
Luffa cylindrical
Two glyc
oproteins with
Mice
The
proteins were capa
ble of ind
ucing
Ng TB e
t al T
wo proteins with
M R
oem
a molecular w
eigh
t of
midterm
abo
rtion in m
ice inh
ibiting
ribo
some-inactiv
ating cytotox
ic
CUCURBITACEAE
28000
and
2850
0protein syn
thesis in a cell-free system
and abo
rtifactant activities from
Dha
marga
raisolated
from seeds
of
and sup
pressing
thy
midine uptak
e by
seed
s of Luffa cylindricaRoe
m
Spon
ge gou
rdLuffa cylindrica
human
cho
rioc
arcino
ma cells
(C
ucurbitaceae) Bioch
em Int 199
227
(2)1
97ndash2
07
460
Luffa cylindrica
Bryon
olic acid iso
lated
Rats m
ice
Bryon
olic acid inh
ibited
hom
olog
ous
Tan
aka S et al A
nti-allergic effect
from
the
cultured cells
passive
cutane
ous an
aphy
laxis more
of bryon
olic acid from
Luffa cylindrica
of Luffa cylindrica
strong
ly tha
n glycyrrhetinic acid from
cell su
spen
sion
cultures Planta
Administered to rats IP
licorice Bryon
olic acid sho
wed
little
Med
199
157
(6)5
27ndash5
30
600 mg
kgtoxicity and
no visible side effects on
mice
Mallotus
Dried
pow
der fruit of
Goa
tsMallotus philippensisfruit is no
tJost C
C et al Kam
ala (Mallotus
philippensis(Lam
)Mallotus philippensis
effective in elim
inating direct life-
philippensis) fruit is ineffective as
Mue
ll(250
375
50
0 an
d 750
cycle ga
strointestinal nem
atod
es in
an anthe
lminthic aga
inst gastro-
EUPHORBIA
CEAE
mg
kg com
pared
to
goats
intestinal nem
atod
es in go
ats
Kam
pilla
fenb
enda
zole [10
mg
kg])
indigen
ous to Baloc
histan
Pa
kistan
Rottlera
Small Rum
inan
t Res 199
620
(2)
147ndash
153
Mallotus
Crude pow
der mixture
75 patients
The
cure rate in group
A w
as 80
Sa
rma BP O
jha D T
he m
anag
e-philippensis
of equ
al parts of
with va
riou
sgrou
p B treated with meb
endaz
ole
men
t of G
andup
ada krim
i (Ascaris
Ailanthus excelsa Butea
worm
was 92
an
d group C
was 76
lumbricoides)
with indigen
ous dru
gs
monosperma Embelia
infestations
Cure rate sho
wed
neg
ative Ascaris
Aryav
aidya
n 19
925(3)1
70ndash172
ribes Erythrina indica
lumbricoidesov
a in the
stool rep
ort
Mallotus philippensis
for 3 co
nsecutive
day
sOrxylum
indicum
Mentha arvensis
L
Petroleum ether and
Mice
Interruption of nidation oc
curred
at 5
Garg P et al A
lteration in the
uterine
LABIA
TAE
benz
ene
mg per m
ouse per day
A statistically
pho
spha
tase of the mou
se after
Puthea
chromatog
raphic
sign
ifican
t de
crea
se in the alka
line
administration of con
trag
estative
Corn mint
fraction
of the petroleum
and acid pho
spha
tase con
tent of the
dose of chr
omatog
raphic fraction
of
ethe
r ex
tract of Mentha
uteru
s on
day
12 postcoitum w
aspetroleum ether extract of mint
arvensis
leav
esno
ted B
enzene
and
chloroform w
ere
(Mentha arvensis) leav
es J A
dvan
ced
ineffective in altering alka
line an
dZoo
logy
199
516
(2)8
5ndash87
acid pho
spha
tase
Mentha arvensis
Essen
tial oils
of
Guinea
pigs
Five
essen
tial oils
by form
ulation
of
Kisho
re N
et al Fu
ngitox
icity of
Artemisia nelagrica
ointmen
ts w
ere ab
le to cu
reessential oils aga
inst dermatop
hytes
Caesulia axillaris
expe
rimen
tal ring
worm in gu
inea pigs
Myc
oses 199
336
(5ndash6
)211
ndash215
Chenopodium
within 7ndash
12 day
s A
rtem
isia oil was
ambrosioides
found
to be
the
mos
t effective
Cymbopogon citratus
essential oil
Mentha arvensis
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
461
(continued)
Mentha arvensis
50 ethan
olic extract of
Rats
Extract of Mentha arvensis
has be
enMathu
r R Fruc
tolysis effect of
Mentha arvensis
leav
esfound
to decrease the fruc
tose
50 ethan
olic extract of Mentha
synthe
sis ve
sicles A
s a resu
lt the
arvensis
Linn (leav
es) in sem
inal
viab
ility of sp
ermatoz
oa seemed
to be
vesicles of rat Acta Eur Fertil
altered F
ertility reve
aled
sterile
1991
22(4)219
ndash220
matings
until 30
day
s of last treatm
ent
Mentha arvensis
Fraction
of Mentha arvensis
Rats
Subc
utane
ous ad
ministration of the
Kan
jana
pothi D
et al Postcoital
uterotonic fraction
to rats pregn
ant
antifertility
effect of Mentha arvensis
from
day
1ndash1
0 caused a significant
Con
tracep
tion
198
124
(5)5
59ndash5
67
interrup
tion
in pregn
ancy
Mentha arvensis
Essential oils of Mentha arvensis
Molds an
dThe
se oils
were fung
istatic or
Sarbho
y AK et al Efficacy of som
e Mentha piperita Anethum
fung
us
fung
icidal to on
e or the
other m
olds
essential oils and
the
ir con
stituen
ts
sowa Cymbogopon winterianus
dep
ending up
on the
con
centration
son
few
ubiqu
itou
s molds Z
entralbl
Nardostachys jatamansi
Bak
teriol [Natur
wiss] 197
813
3(7ndash
8)
and Commiphora mukul
723ndash
725
Moringa oleifera
Edible portion
s of
6 male wea
nling
The
exten
t of calcium absorption
from
Pank
aja N Pr
akash J Ava
ilability of
Lam
Moringa oleifera
and
albino
rats
Moringa oleifera
and Amaranthus tricolor
calcium from kilk
eerai (Amaranthus
MORIN
GACEAE
Amaranthus tricolor
and m
ilk w
as eva
luated
Results
tricolor) an
d dru
mstick (Moringa
Sigru
reve
aled
tha
t calcium abs
orption
and
oleifera) greens
in wea
nling rats
Horseradish tree
calcium reten
tion
from m
ilk w
ere
Nah
rung
199
438
(2)1
99ndash2
03
sign
ifican
tly increa
sed com
pared
to
Moringa oleifera
and Amaranthus
tricolor The
presenc
e of oxa
lates
inhibited intestina
l ab
sorption
of
calcium
Moringa oleifera
Lea
f ex
tracts of
Human
trial
Top
ical app
lication resu
lted
in us
ers
Fabiyi JP e
t al Traditiona
l therap
y Adansonia digitata
human
s with
perceived
relief of pain an
d
of dracu
nculia
sis in the
state of
Calotropis procera
guinea
worms
accelerated exp
ulsion of w
orms
Bau
chi-Nigeria [Fren
ch] Dak
arMoringa oleifera
and hea
ling pr
ocess
Med
199
338(2)1
93ndash1
95
Tamarindus indica
Ziziphus jaozeiro
Moringa oleifera
Hot w
ater infusion
s of
Rats with induced
The
seed infusion
sho
wed
a signifi-
Caceres A
et al Pha
rmacolog
ic
flow
ers lea
ves roo
ts
hind
paw
edem
acant inh
ibition of acetylcho
line-
prope
rties of M oleifera
2seed
s an
d stalks of bark
induc
ed con
traction
with an
ED
50of
Screen
ing for an
tisp
asmod
ic an
ti-
of Moringa oleifera
656 m
gmL ba
th con
centration
inflam
matory an
d diuretic activity
Doses are exp
ressed
as
inhibition
of induced ed
ema and
J Ethno
pharm 199236
(3)2
33ndash2
37
equiva
lent of dried
diuretic activity at 10
0 mg
kg
starting
plant m
aterial
462
Moringa oleifera
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally dosed
Aqu
eous
or 90
ethan
ol extracts of the
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used
of pow
dered
plant
for 10
day
splants were stud
ied in rats for 10
Indian
abo
rtifacient plants with
material Adhatoda vasica
day
s after insemination with sp
ecial
special referenc
e to the
irAbrus precatorius Acacia
referenc
e to effects of fetal
teratologic effects in rats J
arabica Aloe
dev
elop
men
t Leaf ex
tracts of
Ethno
pha
rm 199
236
147
ndash154
barbadensis Anethum
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
sowa Apium
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
petroselinium Banbusa
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
arundensis Blepharis
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
edulis Butea
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
monosperma Hibiscus
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
at the
dos
es tested
sativum M
esua ferrea
Moringa oleifera
Mucuna pruriens
Raphanus sativus Sida
cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
Moringa oleifera
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
dCum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Siva
ramak
rish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
rats
sanctum
leav
es Papaver somnifera
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
seed
s sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian
plant products Foo
d C
hem
asafoetida Moringa
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to be
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
oleifera O
cimum
valuab
le anticarcino
gens
sanctum Papaver
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylamum
nigrum
Moringa oleifera
Biosy
nthe
tically
and
Albino mice
Based
on mutag
enicity tests in albino
Villasen
or IM et al Mutag
ens from
ch
emically related
mice structur
e-activity correlation
roasted seeds of M
oringa
oleifera
compo
und
s isolated
studies that 4 (
a-L-rha
mno
syloxy
)Mutat R
es 198
9224(2)209
ndash212
from
the
roa
sted
seeds
phe
nyl-aceton
itrile 4-hy
droxy
-of Moringa oleifera
phe
nylacetonitrile
and
4-
hydroxy
phe
nylacetamide ex
hibited
mutage
nic activity
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
463
(continued)
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Ova
riectomized
To assess the
histologic effect of the
Shukla S et al H
istoarch
itecture of
Moringa oleifera
roots
rats
antifertility m
ode of action it w
asthe ge
nital tract of ova
riectomized
found
tha
t the ex
tract stim
ulated the
rats treated
with an
aqu
eous
uterine
histoarch
itecture by an
extract of Moringa oleifera
roots
increa
se in the he
ight of luminal
J Ethno
pha
rm 198
925
(3)2
49ndash2
61
epithe
lium well-dev
elop
ed gland
sloose stroma and
rich va
scularity The
cervix sho
wed
metap
lastic cha
nges
In the
vag
ina cornification
was
prominen
t ru
gae increased an
dstroma was loo
se
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Female rats
Initial ad
ministration of Moringa
Shukla S et al B
ioch
emical and
Moringa oleifera
roots
oleifera
stim
ulated
the
uterine
phy
siolog
ical alterations
in female
stru
ctur
es c
aused m
etap
lastic cha
nges
reproduc
tive
organ
s of cyc
lic rats
in the
cervical ep
ithe
lium and
treated w
ith aq
ueo
us ex
tract of
provo
ked con
siderab
le cornification
Moringa oleifera
Lam
Acta Eur
in the
vag
inal epithe
lium At a later
Fertil 19
8819(4)225
ndash232
duration
significant inh
ibition in the
histoa
rchitectur
e was obs
erve
d
Bioch
emical observa
tion
s an
dhistolog
ic findings correlated w
ith
anti-implantation action
of the
aqueo
us extract
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Ova
riectomized
The
roo
t was inv
estiga
ted for its
Shukla S et al A
ntifertility pr
ofile
Moringa oleifera
roots
rats
estrog
enic a
ntiestroge
nic proge
sta-
of the
aqu
eous ex
tract of Moringa
tion
al an
d antiproge
stationa
loleifera
roots JEthno
pha
rmactivities T
he antifertility effect
1988
22(1)51ndash
62
appe
ars to be due to m
ultiple
attributes
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Ova
ry of rat
Treated
rats remaine
d in the
cyc
licPr
akash AO O
varian
respo
nse to
Moringa oleifera
roots
dur
ing early
cond
itions
as ne
wly formed
corpo
raaq
ueo
us ex
tract of Moringa oleifera
preg
nanc
ylutea were ob
served
Non
treated
during
early pregn
ancy
in rats
ovaries of con
trol rats sh
owed
well
Fitoterapia 198
8LIX
(2)8
9ndash96
dev
elop
ed corpora lutea Sev
eral
othe
r features sh
owed
tha
t the ex
tract
could not ind
uce any
histologic
featur
es in the ov
ary as obs
erve
d in
pregn
ancy
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tracts of the
Female ad
ult
Both ex
tracts are effective
in
Shukla S et al A
nti-im
plan
tation
roots an
d bark of
rats
preve
nting im
plantation R
esults also
efficacy
of Moringa oleifera
Lam
Moringa oleifera
and
show
ed anti-im
plan
tation
activity of
and Moringa concacensis
Nim
mo
Moringa concacensis
Moringa oleifera
root w
as con
sisten
trats Int J C
rude Dru
g Res 198
826
rega
rdless of its time an
d place of
29ndash3
2colle
ction
464
Moringa oleifera
Aqu
eous ex
tract of
Pregn
ant rats
Adm
inistration of extract to pregn
ant
Praka
sh A
O e
t al Uterine
histo-
Moringa oleifera
roots
rats cou
ld not stimulate the
uteru
s that
arch
itecture during
pre- an
d pos
t-remaine
d non
receptive throug
hout
implan
tation
periods of rats trea
ted
the period of treatm
ent therefore the
with aq
ueo
us ex
tract of Moringa
fertilize
d egg
s may
not be welco
med
oleifera
Lam
Acta Eur Fe
rtil 19
87
by the
unp
repared
uteru
s18
(2)1
29ndash135
Mucuna pruriens
Stab
le stan
dardized
Multicenter
Using
the
Unified
Parkins
onrsquos D
isease
Man
yam BV et al An altern
ative
(L) DC
prepa
ration
from
clinical trial
Rating Scale (U
PDRS) a sign
ifican
tmed
icine trea
tmen
t for Parkins
onrsquos
LEGUMIN
OSA
Een
doc
arp of Mucuna
60 w
ith
decrease in sco
res from
baseline to
disease Results of a multicen
ter
Kap
ikachc
hha
pruriens
bean
s (H
P-20
0)Pa
rkinsonrsquos
the en
d of the 12
-week study
clinical trial JA
ltern Com
plem
ent
Cow
-itch plan
tdisease
indicated
a significant improve
men
tMed
199
51(3)249
ndash255
in the
ir Parkins
onrsquos con
ditions
Mucuna pruriens
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally dosed
Aqu
eous
or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D et al Com
mon
ly used Ind
ian
of pow
dered
plant
for 10
day
sthe plants were studied in rats for 10
abortifacien
t plan
ts w
ith sp
ecial
material Adhatoda
day
s after insemination with sp
ecial
referenc
e to the
ir teratolog
ic effects
vasica Abrus
referenc
e to effects of fetal
in rats J Ethno
pharm 199
236
precatorius Acacia
dev
elop
men
t Lea
f ex
tracts of
147ndash
154
arabica Aloe
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
barbadensis Anethum
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
sowa Apium
equiva
lent to 17
5 mg
kg starting dr
ypetroselinium Banbusa
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
arundensis Blepharis
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
edulis Butea
appeared to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
monosperma Hibiscus
at the
doses tested
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
sativum Mesua ferrea
Moringa oleifera
Mucuna pruriens
Raphamus sativus
Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
465
(continued)
Myristica fragrans
Ethan
olic extract of
Albino rabb
its
Total cho
lesterol LD
L triglycerides
Ram
A e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic effect
Hou
tt
Myristica fragrans 500
and con
trols
and cho
lesterol w
ere all sign
ifican
tly
of Myristica fragransfruit extract in
MYRISTIC
ACEAE
mg
kg orally
daily for
reduc
ed T
he extract also sh
owed
rabb
its JEthno
pharm 199
655
(1)
Jatiph
alam
60 day
splatelet an
tiag
greg
atory ab
ility and
a49
ndash53
Nutm
egsign
ifican
t decrease in lev
els of total
cholesterol in hea
rt and
liver
Myristica fragrans
Myristica fragransseed
Hyp
erch
o-The
extract red
uced serum and
LDL
Sharma A e
t al Pr
even
tion
of hy
per-
extract
lesterolem
icch
olesterol by
691
and
763
ch
olesterolemia and
atherosclerosis
rabb
its
resp
ective
ly S
ignificant decrease in
in rab
bits after supp
lemen
tation
of
cholesterolph
osph
olipid ratio by
Myristica fragransseed
extract
312 and
an increase in the HDL-
Indian J Ph
ysiol Pha
rmacol 199
5ratio The
extract preve
nted
39(4)4
07ndash4
10
accu
mulation of cho
lesterol
pho
spho
lipid and
triglyc
eride in the
liver h
eart and
aorta E
xtract
dissolved
atherom
atou
s plaqu
es of
aorta by
709ndash76
5 Fe
cal ex
cretion
of cho
lesterol and
pho
spho
lipids were
sign
ifican
tly increa
sed
Myristica fragrans
Aril of the
plant
Mice proge
nyThe
possible tran
sfer of the active
Cha
bra SK
Rao
AR Trans
mam
mary
Myristica fragrans
princ
iple of mace through
trans
-mod
ulatio
n of xen
obiotic metab
oliz-
Aqu
eous
susp
ension
at
mam
mary route and
its ability to
ing en
zymes in liv
er ofmou
se
dose of 0025
or 01 g pe
rmod
ulate he
patic xeno
biotic
pup
s by
mace (Myristica fragrans
anim
al per day
metab
olizing en
zymes in the F1
Hou
tt) JEthno
pha
rm 199
4ad
ministered by oral
proge
ny w
as studied O
nly 14-day
-old
42(3)1
69ndash1
77
gava
ge to dam
s day
1 of
pup
s of dam
s receiving either m
ace
lactation an
d con
tinu
eddose sh
owed
significantly inc
reased
for 14
21 day
she
patic glutathion
e pe
roxidase leve
ls
Myristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg D
ose of
Mice
Mod
ifying
poten
tial of areca nu
t on
Sing
h A R
ao A
R M
odulatory effect
05
or 1
mace
the induc
tion
of the he
patic
of A
reca nut in the
action of m
ace
detox
ification sy
stem
in mice by
(Myristica fragrans H
outt) on
the
mace was studied At 05
and
1
hepa
tic detox
ification sy
stem
in
mace in the
diet areca nu
t reduc
edmice Foo
d C
hem T
oxicol 199
3mace-induc
ed inc
reases in he
patic
31(7)5
17ndash5
21
glutathion
e S-tran
sferase an
dsu
lfhy
dryl lev
els an
d eleva
ted furthe
rincrea
ses in lev
els of cytoc
hrom
e b5
and P45
0
466
Myristica fragrans
1 caps
ule 3
3per day
30 patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR C
linical eva
luation of
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
compo
site A
yurved
ic dru
gs on
co
ntaining
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus50
mg
ureters or
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urinary blad
der Aryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
blad
ders
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
mg Eclipta alba
100
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
mg Myristica fragrans
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
10 m
g Tinospora
greater than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
cordifolia10
0 mg
Tribulus terrestris5
0mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gMyristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg Oral
Mice with
Declin
e in the
inc
iden
ce of carcinom
as
Hus
sain SP R
ao A
R C
hemop
reve
ntive
administration of 10 mg
induc
edwas highly sign
ifican
t co
mpared
to
action
of mace (Myristica fragrans
per m
ouse per day
for 7
carcinog
enesis
controls
Hou
tt) on
methy
lcho
lanthren
e-day
s be
fore and
90 day
sin uterine
induced carcino
gene
sis in the
after carcinog
en threa
dcervix
uterine cervix in mice C
ancer Le
ttinserted
1991
56(3)231
ndash234
Myristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg Animals
Mice
A significant declin
e of skin pa
pillo
ma
Jann
u LN e
t al Che
mop
reve
ntive
received
diet of 1
inciden
ce com
pared
to co
ntrols
action
of mace (Myristica fragrans
mace
was obs
erve
d
Hou
tt) on
DBMA-ind
uced pa
pillo-
mag
enesis in the skin of mice
Can
cer Lett 19
9156(1)59ndash
63
Myristica fragrans
Aril of nutm
eg 1
or
Mice
A significant inc
rease in glutathione
Kumari MV Rao
AR Effect of
2 m
ace diet for 10
S-tran
sferase activity and
in acid
mace (Myristica fragrans
Hou
tt)
day
ssoluble su
lfhy
dryl grou
ps in the
liver
on cytosolic glutathione
S-
was noted
tran
sferase activity and
acid soluble
sulfhy
dryl leve
l in m
ouse liver
Can
cer Lett 19
891546
(2)8
7ndash91
Nardostachys
Each tablet con
tains 10
039
patients with
Preparation was eva
luated
for clin
ical
Ran
i PU
Naidu UR S
ubjective an
djatamansi
(D
mg of alcoh
olic extract
insomnia
efficacy
and
safety in ins
omnia by
polyso
mno
grap
hic ev
aluation of a
Don
) DC
of roo
t of Rauwolfia
subjective
and
polysom
nograp
hic
herbal prepa
ration
in insomnia
VALERIA
NACEAE
serpentina 10
0 mg of
metho
d The
prepa
ration
produc
edPh
ytom
edicine 19
985(4)2
53ndash2
57
Jataman
sirh
izom
e pow
der of
sign
ifican
t im
prov
emen
t in sleep
Musk roo
tNardostachys jatamansi
parameters The
preparation did not
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
467
(continued)
and 100
mg aq
ueou
sproduc
e an
y feeling of han
gove
r or
extract of roo
t stem
day
tim
e sleeplessn
ess 11 pa
tien
tsleaf of Tinospora
complained
of mild
epigastric distress
cordifolia
2 tab
lets at
after the test dru
g It can be
con
cluded
bedtime for 21
day
sthe prepa
ration
had
goo
d hyp
notic
activity and
can
be us
ed in insomnia
Nardostachys
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of
topical
jatamansi
Glycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plic
ations of he
rbal formulations
Holarrhena
comparative
mixtures Successful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
antidysenterica
study 49
grou
ps A
and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative
study
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
JMed
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Santalum
album
ad
ults with
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
trea
tmen
t prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
sTerminalia chebula
mod
erate
of action remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
facial acn
eNardostachys
Alcoh
olic extract of the
Male albino
The
se data indicate an
ove
rall
Prab
hu V
et al E
ffects of Nardostachys
jatamansi
roots of Nardostachys
Wistar rats
sign
ifican
t increase in the leve
ls of
jatamansi
on bioge
nic am
ines and
jatamansi
central mon
oamines and
inh
ibitory
inhibitory amino acids in the
rat
amino acids
brain Planta Med
199460(2)1
14ndash117
Nardostachys
50 extract of Curcuma
Rats
The
extracts increased H
DL-total
Dixit V
P e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic
jatamansi
longaan
d Nardostachys
cholesterol ratio an
d also caus
ed a
effects of Curcuma LongaL and
jatamansi
(who
le plant)
sign
ifican
t decrease in the
ratio of
Nardostachys jatamansi D
C in
total ch
olesterolph
ospho
lipid
triton
-ind
uced
hyp
erlip
idae
mic
Curcuma longaex
hibited better
rats Ind
ian JP
hysiol Pha
rmacol
cholesterol an
d triglyc
eride decreas-
1988
32(4)299
ndash304
ing activity tha
n Nardostachys
jatamansi
Nardostachys
Essen
tial oils
of Mentha
Molds an
dThe
se oils
were fung
istatic or
Sarbho
y AK et al Efficacy of som
e jatamansi
arvensis M
entha
fung
usfung
icidal to on
e or the
other m
olds
essential oils and
the
ir con
stituen
ts
piperita Anethum
sowa
dep
ending on
the
con
centration
son
few
ubiqu
itous
molds
Zen
tralbl
Cymbogopon winterianus
Bak
teriol [Natur
wiss] 197
813
3(7ndash
8)
Nardostachys jatamansi
723ndash
725
and Commiphora mukul
Nardostachys
Active princ
iple of
Rab
bits d
ogs
Antiarrhy
thmic action of Nardostachys
Arora R
B M
adan
BR A
ntiarrhy
th-
jatamansi
Nardostachys jatamansi
cats mice
jatamansi
and quinidine were
mics Part III Antiarrhy
thmic
inve
stigated
Com
pared
on the electro-
activity of Nardostachys jatamansi
card
iogram
Nardostachys jatamansi
(an Indian indigen
ous dr
ug)
caus
ed a decrease in the
prolong
ation
Ind J M
ed R
es 195
644
(2)2
59ndash2
69
of refractory period and
a decreased
slow
ing of con
duction a distinc
tad
vantag
e ov
er quinidine Nardostachys
jatamansi
may
be us
eful in cases of
auricu
lar flutter
468
Nelum
bo nucifera
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats
The
extract produced a significant
Mukh
erjee PK
et al Antipyretic
Gaertn
Nelum
bo nucifera
dose-dep
enden
t decrease of normal
activity of Nelum
bo nucifera
rhizom
e NELUMBONACEAE
rhizom
e D
oses of 20
0bo
dy temperatur
e an
d a yea
st-
extract Indian
J Exp
Biol 19
9634(3)
Kam
al30
0 or 40
0 mg
kgprovo
ked inc
rease of bod
y27
5ndash27
6Sa
cred
lotus
temperature The
effect produc
ed w
ascomparab
le w
ith the an
tipy
retic dru
gparacetam
ol
Nelum
bo nucifera
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats an
dThe
extract w
as fou
nd to cause a
Mukh
erjee PK
et al Studies on
rhizom
es of Nelum
bomice
reduc
tion
in sp
ontane
ous activity a
psych
opha
rmacolog
ical effects of
nucifera
decrease in exp
loratory beh
avioral
Nelum
bo nucifera
Gaertn rhizo
me
patterns a decrease in m
uscle relax
ant
extract JE
thno
pharm 199
654
(2ndash3
)activity and
it sign
ifican
tly
63ndash6
7poten
tiated
the
pen
toba
rbiton
einduc
ed sleep
ing time
Nelum
bo nucifera
Metha
nolic
extract of
Rats
The
extract-treated
animals sh
owed
Mukh
erjee PK
et al Antidiarrho
eal
rhizom
es of Nelum
bosign
ifican
t inhibitory activity ag
ains
tev
alua
tion
of Nelum
bo nucifera
nucifera
castor oil induced diarrhe
a an
drhizom
e ex
tract Indian
J Pha
rmacol
inhibited significantly PGE-2induced
1995
27(4)262
ndash264
en
teropoo
ling in rats It also sho
wed
sign
ifican
t decreases in ga
strointestinal
motility after a cha
rcoa
l mea
lNelum
bo nucifera
Decoction
of Crataegus
Human
sThe
decoc
tion
produced a red
uction
La Cou
r B e
t al Traditiona
l Chine
se
cuneata Nelum
boof triglyc
eride an
d cho
lesterol
med
icine in treatmen
t of hyp
er-
nucifera
and
lipidae
mia J Ethno
pharm 1995
Gynostemma
46(2)1
25ndash1
29
pentaphylla
Nelum
bo nucifera
Pow
dered
sun-dried
Normal
Study of gluco
se toleran
ce cur
ves sh
ows
Hur
alikuppi A
B et al Anti-diabe
tic
flow
ers (test dru
g) and
albino
that duration
of hy
perglyc
emia w
as
effect of Nelum
bo nucifera
(Gae
rtn)
aqueo
us an
d alco
holic
rabb
its
notably reduc
ed com
pared
with co
ntrols
Part I prelim
inary stud
ies in rab
bits
extracts of Nelum
boThe
extracts effects were co
mpa
rable
Phy
tother R
es 199
15(2)54ndash
58
nucifera
to tha
t pr
oduc
ed by 25
0 mg
kg of
tolbutamide The
extracts sign
ifican
tly
dep
ressed
hyp
erglyc
emia ind
uced
by
adrena
line hy
droch
loride
Nelum
bo nucifera
Air-dried
flowers of
Normal rats
Lon
g-term
administration of extracts
Hur
alikuppi JC et al Antidiabe
tic
Nelum
bo nucifera
diabe
tic
did not produce sustaine
d fall of fasting
effect of Nelum
bo nucifera
(Gae
rtn)
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPH
ARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
469
(continued)
fine
ly pow
dered
rabb
its
bloo
d suga
r leve
ls altho
ugh
daily
extract Part II P
hytother R
es 199
1aq
ueo
us an
d alcoh
olic
doses cau
sed hyp
oglycemia as an
521
7ndash22
3ex
tracts
acute effect The
extracts sh
owed
acute and
chron
ic effects in su
ppress-
ing hy
perglycemia bu
t were less
potent tha
n stan
dard dru
gs T
heextract sign
ifican
tly im
prov
ed gluco
setoleranc
eNelum
bo nucifera
Nefereine
alkaloid extracted
Cats
The
results ind
icate that neferine an
dLi GR e
t al Effects of ne
ferine
on
from
the
green
seed
quinidine ha
ve sim
ilar effects on
heart
heart electrom
echa
nical activity in
embryo
of Nelum
bo
electrom
echa
nical activity
anae
sthe
tized cats [Chine
se]
nucifera D
ose of 1ndash1
0 Chu
ng-K
uo Yao
Li Hsu
eh Pao
-mg
kg IV
Acta Pha
rmacolog
ica Sinica 199
011
158
ndash161
Nyctanthes arbor-
Water soluble fraction
of
Mice
Oral ad
ministraton
of the ex
tract sh
owed
Pau
l BN Sa
xena
AK Dep
letion
of
tristisL
the etha
nolic
extract of
a co
nsistent dep
letion
of tumor necrosis
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
in
OLEACEAE
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
factor-a
(TNF-
a) from
the
host plasma
mice by
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Parijata
Varying
doses of 1 10
The
extract also reduced plasma
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
756
(2)1
53ndash1
58
Night ja
smine
50 a
nd 100
mg
interferon
-g lev
el but the plasm
a im
mun
oglobu
lin M
(IgM) an
d immuno
-glob
ulin G
(IgG) leve
ls w
ere no
t affected
The
extract m
ay be effective
in clin
ical disorders in the
man
agem
ent
of TNF-
a
Nyctanthes arbor-
50 ethan
olic extract of
Mice
Strong
stimulation
of an
tige
n sp
ecific
Pur
i A et al Im
muno
stim
ulant
tristis
seed
s flowers an
dan
d non
specific immun
ity was noted
activity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
leav
es of Nyctanthes
Max
imum activity foun
d in seed
s in
L J Ethno
pha
rm 199
442
(1)
arbor-tristisOral do
sewhich
the
active princ
iple app
eared
31ndash3
7of 25 mg
kg per day
for
asso
ciated
with lip
ids In flow
ers an
d7 day
sleav
es the
major activity was fou
ndin the
aqu
eous fraction
of the 50
etha
nol ex
tract
Nyctanthes arbor-
Water-solub
le portion
of
Rats
The
extract exh
ibited
significant asp
irin-
Saxena
RS et al A
nalgesic a
ntipyretic
tristis
an ethan
olic extract of
like an
tino
ciceptive
activity bu
t faile
d
and ulcerog
enic activity of
leav
es of Nyctanthes
to produce m
orph
ine-lik
e an
alge
sia
Nyctanthes arbor-tristisleaf extract
arbor-tristis
The
ex
tract was also foun
d to possess
JEthno
pharm 198
719
(2)1
93ndash2
00
antipyretic activity an
d produ
ced gastric
ulcers
Nyctanthes arbor-
Water-solub
le portion
of
Rats
The
extract inh
ibited
acu
te inflammatory
Saxe
na R
S et al S
tudy of anti-inflam
-tristis
an ethan
olic extract of
edem
a induced in the hind
paw and
matory activity in the leav
es of
the leav
es of Nyctanthes
sign
ifican
tly decreased
acu
te inflam-
Nyc
tanthe
s arbo
r tristis Linn
arbor-tristis
Ex
tract
matory sw
ellin
g on
the
kne
e joint
mdashAn Indian med
icinal plant J
administered orally
in
Acu
te and
chron
ic pha
ses of ind
uced
Ethno
pharm 198
411
(3)3
19ndash3
30
doses ran
ging
from 05
arthritis an
d the
inflammation produc
ed
to 80 gkg
by immuno
logic metho
ds were also
sign
ifican
tly inhibited
470
Ocimum
sanctum
L
Aqu
eous
extract of the
Mice
The
extract administered with radio-
Gan
asou
ndari A et al Mod
ification
LABIATAE
leav
es of Ocimum
therap
y ga
ve a highe
r stem
cell
of bon
e marrow rad
iosens
itivity
Tulsi
sanctum
survival rate (p
005
) co
mpa
red to
by m
edicinal plant extracts Br J
Holy ba
sil
WR-272
1 an
d rad
iotherap
y W
hile
Rad
iol 19
9770(83
4)599
ndash602
W
R-272
1 ha
d a tox
ic effect Ocimum
sanctum
trea
tmen
t sh
owed
no su
cheffect
Ocimum
sanctum
Ocimum
sanctum
fixe
dInduc
edOcimum
sanctum
oil an
d linoleic acid
Sing
h S M
ajumdar D
K E
valuation
oil
paw
edem
awere found
to po
ssess sign
ifican
tof antiin
flam
matory activity of
antiinflam
matory activity
fatty acids of Ocimum
sanctum
fixe
d oil Ind
ian J Exp
Biol 19
97
35(4)3
80ndash3
83
Ocimum
sanctum
Ethan
olic extract of
Rats
Treatmen
t with the extract preve
nted
Sembu
linga
m K
et al Effect of
Ocimum
sanctum
chan
ges in the
plasm
a leve
l of
Ocimum
sanctum
Linn on
noise
corticosterone
ind
uced exp
osur
e to
induced cha
nges in plasma
both acu
te and
chr
onic noise stress
tico
steron
e leve
l Indian JP
hysiol
Pha
rmacol 199
741
(2)1
39ndash1
43
Ocimum
sanctum
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
ergly-
The
formulation
had
little effect on
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
sanctum Picrorhiza
cemic rats
bloo
d sug
ar con
centration
s bu
t doses
Trasina
an
Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
induc
ed a dose-related decrease in
form
ulation
on pan
crea
tic islet
cordifolia Withania
streptozo
tocin (STZ) hy
perglyc
emia
supe
roxide dismutase activity in
somniferaD
oses 1
00
and atten
uation
of ST
Z ind
uced a
hyperglyc
aemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
200 mg
kg PO
13decrease in islet sup
erox
ide dismutase
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
day
for 28 day
sactivity in eu
glyc
emic rats
Ocimum
sanctum
Lea
f ex
tract of Ocimum
Mice
Ocimum
sanctum
extract sign
ifican
tly
Gan
asou
ndari A et al Protection
sanctum
reduc
ed the
gen
eration of hyd
roxy
lag
ainst radiation
-ind
uced chr
omo-
radical
some dam
age in m
ouse bon
e marrow by Ocimum
sanctum
Mutat
Res 199
737
3(2)271
ndash276
Ocimum
sanctum
Ocimum
sanctum
leaf
Diabe
tic rats
Obs
erva
tion
s indicate a sign
ifican
tRai V
et al Effect of T
ulasi (Ocimum
pow
der
hypo
glyc
emic and
hyp
olipidem
icsanctum) leaf pow
der supp
lemen
ta-
effect on diabe
tic rats
tion
on bloo
d sug
ar lev
els serum
lip
ids an
d tissu
e in diabe
tic rats
Plant Foo
ds Hum
Nutr 19
9750(1)
9ndash16
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
471
Ocimum
sanctum
Fixe
d oil of Ocimum
Induc
ed paw
Oil of Ocimum
sanctum
was fou
nd to
Sing
h S et al Ev
aluation of anti-
sanctum
edem
a in rats
possess significant anti-inflam
matory
inflam
matory poten
tial of fixe
d oil
activity aga
inst carrage
enan
- an
d other
of Ocimum
sanctum
(Holy ba
sil)
med
iator-induced paw
edem
a in rats
and its pos
sible mecha
nism
of
action
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
654
(1)
19ndash2
6Ocimum
sanctum
Extract of Ocimum
Con
trolled
Results indicated
a significant decrease
Agraw
al P e
t al Ran
domized
sanctum
sing
le blin
din fasting
pos
tprand
ial bloo
d gluco
se
placebo
-con
trolled s
ingle blind
trial hu
man
sleve
ls dur
ing trea
tmen
t with ho
ly basil
trial of holy ba
sil leav
es in patients
leav
es com
pared
to trea
tmen
t with
with no
nins
ulin
-dep
enden
t Diabetes
placebo
leave
smellitus Int JC
lin Ph
armacol The
r 19
9634(9)406
ndash409
Ocimum
sanctum
Alcoh
olic extract of Ocimum
Mice
The
extract significantly inc
reased
Ban
erjee S et al M
odulatory
sanctum
leav
es 40
0 an
d
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d glutathione
influen
ce of alco
holic
extract of
800 mg
kg bod
y weigh
t S-tran
sferase leve
ls tha
t are
Ocimum leave
s on
carcino
gen-
for 15 day
sim
portant in the detox
ification of
metab
olizing en
zyme activities and
carcinog
ens as w
ell as m
utag
ens
reduc
ed glutathione
lev
els in m
ouse
Nutr C
ancer 19
9625(2)205
ndash217
Ocimum
sanctum
Water and
aqu
eous
Albino mice
The
water extract w
as m
ore radio-
Dev
i PU G
anasou
ndari A R
adio-
etha
nolic
extract of
protective than
the
aqu
eous
protective effect of leaf extract on
Ocimum
sanctum
etha
nolic
extract and
less toxic
Indian med
icinal plant Ocimum
sanctum Indian J Exp
Biol 19
95
33(3)2
05ndash2
08
Ocimum
sanctum
Fresh leav
es of Ocimum
Albino rats
Sign
ifican
t redu
ction in serum
total
Sarkar A
et al Cha
nges in the bloo
d
sanctum
mixed
as 1 g
cholesterol triglyceride
s pho
spho
-lip
id profile after administration of
and 2 g in 10
0 g
lipid and
LDL a
nd significantly
Ocimum sanctum
(Tulsi) leav
es in the
of diet for 4 weeks
increa
sed H
DL and
total fecal
norm
al albino rabb
its Ind
ian J Ph
ysiol
sterol con
tents was obs
erve
d
Pha
rmacol 199
438
(4)3
11ndash3
12
Ocimum
sanctum
Ethan
olic extract of Ocimum
Mice with indu
ced
Sign
ifican
t redu
ction in tumor inc
iden
ce
Prasha
r R et al Che
mop
reve
ntive
sanctum
leav
es Top
ical
skin pap
illom
aav
erag
e nu
mbe
r of tumors
tumor-
action
by an
extract from Ocimum
administration
gene
sis
bearing mice an
d cumulative nu
mbe
r sanctum
on m
ouse skin pap
illom
a-of pap
illom
as w
as observe
d
gene
sis an
d its
enh
ancemen
t of skin
glutathion
e S-tans
ferase activity
and
acid solub
le sulfyd
ryl leve
l Anti-
canc
er D
rugs
199
45(5)567
ndash572
Ocimum
sanctum
Alcoh
olic extract of Ocimum
Diabe
tic rats
Marke
d lowering of blood
suga
r leve
l in
Cha
ttop
adhy
ay R
R Hyp
oglycemic
sanctum
leav
es admin-
norm
al gluco
se fed
hyp
erglyc
emic and
effect of Ocimum
sanctum
leaf
istered orally
streptozo
tocin induced diab
etic rats was
extract in normal and
strep
to-
noted T
he extract poten
tiated
action of
zotocin diabe
tic rats Indian
exog
enou
s insu
lin in no
rmal rats
JExp
Biol 19
9331(11
)891
ndash893
Ocimum
sanctum
Extract of Ocimum
Rats
The
extract red
uced ulcer index
free an
d
Man
dal S et al Ocimum
sanctum
sanctum
total acidity on
sho
rt-term and
lon
g-Linnmdash
A study on
gastric ulceration
term
administration
and gastric secretion
in rats Ind
JPhy
siol Pha
rmacol 199
337
(1)
91ndash9
2
(continued)
472
Ocimum
sanctum
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
d rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
Aru
na K
Sivaram
akrish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
sanctum
leav
es an
d Papaver
Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
somnifera
seed
s sign
ifican
tly
Indian plan
t produc
ts Fo
od C
hem
asafoetida Moringa
inhibited neo
plasia alon
e The
seTox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
oleifera O
cimum
plan
ts m
ay prove
to be
valuab
lesanctum Papaver
anticarcinog
ens
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Ocimum
sanctum
Ethan
ol extract of the
Mice an
d rats
Ocimum
sanctum
extract was screene
d
Sakina
MR e
t al Pr
elim
inary
leav
es of Ocimum
for its effect on the central ne
rvou
s ps
ycho
pha
rmacolog
ical eva
luation
sanctum
system
Halop
eridol and
sulpride D
2 of Ocimum
sanctum
leaf ex
tract
receptor an
tago
nists whe
n give
n JE
thno
pharm 199
028
143
ndash150
with Ocimum
extract fully
block
ed
the effect of the latter sugg
esting
a po
ssible D
2 receptor mecha
nism
for Ocimum
extract
Ocimum
sanctum
Metha
nol ex
tract an
d an
Albino rats
The
results of the
study
sugg
est a
God
hwan
i S et al Ocimum
sanctum
mdashaq
ueo
us su
spen
sion
of
immuno
stim
ulant cap
ability for
A prelim
inary stud
y ev
aluating its
Ocimum
sanctum
leav
esOcimum
sanctum
that m
ay be
immuno
regu
latory profile in
contribu
tory in ex
plaining
the
albino
rats JEthn
opha
rmad
aptoge
nic action
of the plan
t19
882419
3ndash19
8Ocimum
sanctum
Metha
nol an
d aqu
eous
Rats an
d m
ice
Both ex
tracts inh
ibited
acu
te as well
God
hwan
i S et al Ocimum
sanctum
su
spen
sion
of Ocimum
as chr
onic inflammation in rats The
An ex
perim
ental study ev
alua
ting
sanctum
anti-inflammatory resp
onse of 50
0its an
ti-inflammatory ana
lgesic
mg
kg of metha
nol ex
tract an
dan
d antipyretic activity in animals
aque
ous su
spen
sion
was com
parab
leJE
thno
pharm 198
721
153
ndash163
to the
respon
se observe
d w
ith 30
0mg
kg of so
dium salicylate
Oryza sativaL
Oryza sativa-water
Rat m
odel of
All so
lution
s either decreased
cho
lera
Rolston
DD et al Fo
od-based
GRAMIN
EAE
Eleusine coracana
-secretory
toxin-induc
ed net w
ater secretion
solution
s are a viab
le alterna
tive
Sa
liwater Maranta
diarrh
ea(Maranta arundinacea) or rev
ersed it
to gluco
se-electrolyte solutions
for
Sali
arundinacea Cocos
to net absorption
Eleusine coracana
oral hyd
ration
in acute diarrho
eamdash
mucifera-w
ater W
HO-
water produc
ed m
axim
um net w
ater
Stud
ies in a rat m
odel of secretory
oral reh
ydration
abso
rption
significantly greater tha
ndiarrho
ea Trans
R Soc
Trop M
edso
lution
(ORS)
the W
HO-O
RS
Hyg
iene
199
084
(1)1
56ndash1
59
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
473
Oryza sativa
Water extract of Oryza
Mice
The
extract significantly red
uced the
Hikino H et al Isolation an
d hyp
o-sativa
bran
IP
plasma su
gar leve
l Fraction
ation an
dglyc
emic activity of oryza
bran
s A
administration
mon
itoring the activity of furn
ishe
dB C an
d D
glyc
ans of Oryza sativa
4 glyc
ans oryza
-brans
A B
C an
d D
bran
Plan
ta M
ed 198
854
1ndash3
resu
lted
The
se polysacch
arides
exerted marke
d hyp
oglycemic effects
in normal and
ind
uced hy
perglyc
emic
mice
Oryza sativa
Rice pow
der
Con
trolled
Rice po
wder oral rehy
dration
solution
Moh
an M
et al Rice pow
der
ORS co
mpa
red to
rand
omized
is safe effective
and
an acceptable
oral reh
ydration
solution
as an
stan
dard gluco
se-
trial 50
male
altern
ative to stand
ard W
HO gluco
se-
altern
ative to gluco
se electrolyte
electrolyte
child
ren
electrolyte so
lution
for the
treatmen
tso
lution
Indian JM
ed R
es 198
8of acu
te diarrhe
a in infan
ts and
87234
ndash239
ch
ildren
Paederia foetidaL
Butano
l fraction
of a
Rats
The
extract produ
ced a significant
De S et al Inv
estiga
tion
of the an
ti-
RUBIACEAE
metha
nol ex
tract of the
inhibition
of gran
ulation
tissu
e for-
inflam
matory effects of Paederia
Prada
rini
defatted lea
ves of
mation in cotton-pe
llet im
plan
ted rats
foetida J Ethno
pha
rm 199
443
(1)
Chine
se flower
Paederia foetida 100
and inh
ibited
the
eleva
tion
of seru
m31
ndash38
plant
and 20
0 mg
kg IP
orosom
ucold lev
els R
esults indicate a
injection daily for 7 day
sration
al for the
use of the ex
tract to
trea
t inflam
matory disorders
Paederia foetida
Water soluble fraction
Rats an
d m
ice
Anti-inflam
matory activity obs
erve
dSing
h S et al Anti-inflam
matory
of Paederia foetida
in ind
uced
edem
a in rats an
d m
ice
activity of Paederia foetida
also in long
-term m
odels of adjuva
ntFitoterapia 199
464
(4)3
57ndash3
62
and formaldeh
yde arthritis
Paederia foetida
Dried
unripe fruit pow
der
Ran
dom
ized
Treatmen
t with all these plan
ts did not
Haide
r R et al Eva
luation of ind
ige-
of Aegle marmelos dried
dou
ble-blind
show
any
clin
ical improve
men
t or
nous plants in the
treatmen
t of
pow
der plant of
clinical trial
bacteriological cu
re as compared
to
acute sh
igellosis Trop Geo
gr M
ed
Hydrocotyle asiatica
82 m
en w
ith
ampicillin
1991
43(3)266
ndash270
dried
pow
der of
shigellosis
Paederia foetida
Peucedanum
Peucedanum graveolensan
dHum
an con
sump-
Loc
ally grown food
was studied for
Desai S et al Com
pen
dium of
graveolens
(L)
Chenopodium
album
astion
its
b-caroten
e co
nten
t to preve
ntdietary sou
rces of vitamin A
in the
CB Clarke
a food
sou
rce
nutritiona
l blindne
ss W
omen
of west
Tha
r desert Indian JO
phtha
lmol
UMBELLIFERAE
Rajasthan
were interviewed
to
1992
40(4)106
ndash108
Misroya
determine co
mmon
dietary items O
fSa
tapu
shpi
food
s selected
on
ly Peucedanum
Indian dill
graveolens
and Chenopodium
album
at 100
g provided
RDA for a 1ndash3
-ye
ar-old-child
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plan
ts significantly inh
ibited
the
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of som
e Indian
Roy
le ex Ben
th
Picrorhiza kurrooa
carcinog
en och
ratoxin-indu
ced
herbs on
macroph
age func
tion
s SC
ROPH
ULA
RIA
CEA
ETinospora cordifolia
supp
ression of che
motactic activity
in och
ratoxin A treated
mice J
Katula K
atki
Withania somnifera
and the
produc
tion
of interleu
kin-1
Ethno
pha
rm 199
758
15ndash
20
Kuru
and TNF-
aby
macroph
ages
(continued)
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
erglye
mic
Herba
l form
ulation
had
little effect on
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
sanctum Picrorhiza
rats
bloo
d suga
r co
ncen
trations
but dos
esTrasina
an Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
induced a dose-related decrease in
form
ulation
on pa
ncreatic islet
cordifolia W
ithania
STZ hyp
erglyc
emia an
d atten
uation
superox
ide dismutase activity in
somniferaDoses 100
of STZ ind
uced a decrease in islet
hyperglyc
aemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
200 mg
kg PO
13su
peroxide dismutase activity in
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
per day
for 28 day
seu
glyc
aemic rats
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
(12
mg
kg P
O)
Rats
After exp
osur
e to alcoh
ol Picroliv
Rastogi R
et al Picroliv
protects
an iridoid glyco
side
reduced the
deg
ree of cha
nge in m
ost
agains
t alco
hol-induced chron
ic
fraction
of Picrorrhiza
of the
param
eters induced by alco
hol
hepatotox
icity in rats Planta Med
kurrooa
1996
62(3)283
ndash285
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroside 1 an
d 2
Ran
dom
ized
The
present study ha
s sh
own a
Vaidya
AB e
t al Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picrorhiza kurrooaroot
dou
ble-blind
biolog
ical plausibility of efficacy of
(Kutaki) Roy
le ex Ben
th as a
pow
der 375
mg 33
placebo
-Picrorhiza kurrooaas supp
orted by
hepatop
rotective ag
entmdash
per day
was given
for
controlle
dclinical trial in viral he
patitis
Exp
erim
ental amp
clinical studies J
2 weeks
(n
515
) or a
trial patients
hepatop
rotection in animal m
odel
Postgrad
Med
199
642
(4)1
05ndash108
match
ing placebo
with acute
and an ap
proach for stan
dardizing
(n5
18)
viral he
patitis
extracts based
on picroside
con
tent
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were pr
ophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Proph
ylactic therap
y Boerhavia diffusa
septicemia
administered pos
tinfective
pr
einfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicem
ia in
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
Salmonella
sing
le and
multiple doses of ex
tract
mice with a trad
itiona
lly prescribe
d
Terminalia chebula
typhi
and had
a significant the
rape
utic
crude dru
g form
ulation JEthno
-Tinospora cordifolia
effect in reducing
sep
ticemia
pharm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aq
ueo
us alco
hol etha
nol
1 stock
solution
used
to prepare dilu
tion
sOral or sub
cutane
ous
administration
Picrorhiza kurrooa
50 ethan
olic extract
Exp
erim
ental
The
extract w
as fou
nd to stim
ulate
Sharma ML et al Immuno
stim
ulatory
Picrorhiza kurrooa
anim
als
cell-med
iated and
hum
oral
activity of Picrorhiza kurrooaleaf
doses ran
ged from 25ndash
compo
nents of the
immune
system as
extract J Ethno
pharm 199
441
(3)
200 mg
kgwell as pha
gocy
tosis
185ndash
192
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv Iridoid glyco
side
Rats
Picroliv
can
rev
erse D-galactosamine- or
Dwived
i Y et al Perfusion
with
fraction
of Picrorhiza
thioacetam
ide-induced he
patic dam
age
picroliv rev
erses bioc
hemical
kurrooa
chan
ges induced in liv
ers of rats
474
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
toxicated w
ith ga
lactos
amine
or thioc
etam
ide Planta Med
199
359
(5)4
18ndash4
20
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Picroliv w
as given
to aflatoxin B1 toxicated
Dwived
i Y e
t al Picroliv
protects
fraction
of Picrorhiza
rats the
majority of the
bioch
emical
against aflatoxin B1
acu
tehe
patotox-
kurrooa25
mg
kg for 7
and histological ch
ange
s were sign
ifican
tly
icity in rats Pha
rmacol R
es
day
sprotected
19
9327(2)189
ndash199
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Mice
Picroliv significantly inc
reased
immuno
-Pu
ri A
et al Im
mun
ostimulan
t fraction
of Picrorhiza
stim
ulant activity
activity of Picroliv
the
iridoid
kurrooa 10
mg
kg
glyc
oside fraction
of Picrorhiza
for 7 da
yskurrooa and
its protective action
ag
ains
t Leish
man
ia don
ovan
i infection in ham
sters Planta Med
1992
58(6)528
ndash532
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Sign
ifican
tly pr
even
ted bioch
emical
Dwided
i Y e
t al Picroliv and
its
fraction
of Picrorhiza
chan
ges in liver and
serum of
compon
ents kutkoside an
dkurrooa12
mg
kg for
galactos
amine-toxicated rats
picroside I protect liver aga
inst
7 day
sga
lactos
amine-induced da
mag
ein rats Pha
rmacol Tox
icol
1992
71(5)383
ndash387
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Pretreatmen
t with picroliv preve
nted
the
Ans
ari RA et al Antihep
atotox
ic
fraction
of Picrorhiza
hepatotox
ic effect of paracetam
ol and
properties of picroliv
and
active
kurrooa6ndash
12 m
gkg
galactos
amine as eviden
ced by va
riou
s fraction
from rhizo
mes of Picrorhiza
bioc
hemical and
histopatho
logic
kurrooa JEthno
pha
rm 199
134
ob
servations
61ndash6
8Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Whe
n picroliv w
as administered w
ith
Dwived
i Y e
t al Picroliv
protects
fraction
of Picrorhiza
mon
ocrotalin
e alterations
in most of
agains
t mon
ocrotalin
e-induced
kurrooa25
mg
kgthe bioc
hemical param
eters alon
ghe
patic dam
age in rats Pha
rmacol
with histop
atho
logic ch
ange
s in
Res 199
123
(4)3
99ndash4
07
liver cau
sed by mon
ocrotolin
e were
preve
nted
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats an
d guine
a Picroliv sho
wed
a dose-dep
enden
tSh
ukla S et al C
holeretic effect of
fraction
of Picrorhiza
pigs
choleretic effect an
d possessed
aprico
liv the
princ
iple of he
pato-
kurrooa15ndash12
mg
kgmarke
d anticho
lestatic effect ag
ains
tprotective Picrorhiza kurrooa
paracetam
ol- an
d ethyn
ylestrad
iol-
Planta Med
199
157
(1)2
9ndash33
induc
ed cho
lestasis Picroliv
was
found
to be
more po
tent tha
nsilymarin
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picroliv
Irido
id glyco
side
Rats
Picroliv preve
nted
most of the
Dwived
i Y e
t al Picroliv
affords
fraction
of Picrorhiza
bioc
hemical cha
nges ind
uced
by
protection ag
ains
t thioacetam
ide-
kurrooa12
5ndash1
2 mg
kgthiocetamide in liver and
serum
induc
ed hep
atic dam
age in rats
Picroliv
was fou
nd to be
com
parab
lePlanta Med
199
157
(1)2
5ndash28
to sily
marin
475
(continued)
Picrorhiza kurrooa
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sha
rma RK Man
agem
ent of
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica Patients with
cong
estive
cardiac failure w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic heart disease
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
card
iomyo
pathy
and
cor pulmon
ale
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash1
26
Cedrus deodara
were give
n pow
der of Inula
Picrorhiza kurrooa
racemosa
while patients with
Terminalia chebula
rheu
matic heart disease w
ere give
nTinospora cordifolia
Commiphora mukul After 2 w
eeks
Trichosantes lobata
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Inula racemosa2 g 8
completely 2 had
bradyc
ardia a
ndho
urly Commiphora
2 were refractory
mukul1
2 g 8 ho
urly
Urgenic indica10
0 mg
8 ho
urly
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Picrolex
Hum
an trial
Vitiligo
cau
ses pigmen
tary disfigu
re-
Bed
i KL e
t al Picrorhiza kurrooa an
30 patients
men
t of the
skin due to defective
Ayu
rved
ic herb m
ay poten
tiate
ages 6ndash4
2func
tion
ing of m
elan
ocytes A
ll patients
pho
toch
emothe
rapy in vitiligo
J
resp
onded
to treatm
ent with picrolex
Ethno
pharm 198
927
(3)3
47ndash3
52
except 3
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Pow
dered
tub
erou
s root
Prelm
inary
Picrorhiza kurrooain bronc
hial asthm
a Rajaram
D A
prelim
inary clinical
of Picrorhiza kurrooa
clinical trial
show
ed tha
t of 36 pa
tien
ts 1
9 patients
trial of Picrorhiza kurrooain
75 m
g 23
per day
36 patients
had goo
d relief 9 sh
owed
satisfactory
bron
chial asthma Bom
bay Hosp
relie
f an
d 8 had
no relie
fJ1
97618
(2)6
6ndash69
Piper longum
L
Pippali Rasay
ana an
Con
trolled
Com
plete disap
pearan
ce of Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al Man
agem
ent of
PIPERACEAE
Ayu
rved
ic dru
gclinical trial
from
stools in 23
25 patients resu
lted
giardiasis by
a herba
l dru
g lsquoPippali
Pipali
prep
ared
from Butea
25 patients
Symptom
s of ill he
alth a
bdom
inal
Rasay
anarsquo A clin
ical study J
Lon
g pe
ppe
rmonospermastem
s an
dwith giardiasis
disco
mfort pr
esen
ce of muc
us pu
s cells
Ethno
pharm 199
756
(3)2
33ndash2
36
leav
es and
Piper longum
25 con
trols
and red
blood
cells w
as significantly
dried
fruits A
dministered
reduced Sp
ontane
ous reco
very in 20
at 1 g orally
33
per day
of the
cases w
as recorded
in placebo
for 15
day
sco
ntrol
Piper longum
Fruits of Piper longum
Rat
The
ethan
olic extract and
piperine
Gho
shal S e
t al Antiamoe
bic activity
etha
nol ex
tract an
dcu
red 90
and
40
of rats w
ith
of Piper longum
fruits aga
inst
piperine a pure
caecal amoe
biasis resp
ective
ly
Entam
oeba
histolytica in vitro an
d
compou
nd from the
vivo
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
650
(3)
plan
t16
7ndash17
0
476
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Piper longum
Rats fed for 8 w
eeks
the
Rat
Com
mon
spices or their active
princ
iples
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
follo
wing plants
were ex
amined
for the
ir pos
sible
dietary spices or the
ir active
Brassica species
influen
ce on the digestive
enz
ymes of
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes of
Capsicum annum
intestinal m
uco
sa Dietary curcumin
small intestinal m
ucosa in rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
caps
aicin piperine and
ginge
r prominen
tly
Int J Fo
od Sci N
utr 19
9547(1)55ndash59
Curcuma longa Ferula
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
foetida Piper longum
also the
disacch
aridases sucrase an
d
Piper nigrum
maltase D
ietary cum
in fenu
greek
Trigonella foenum-
mustard and
asafoetida brou
ght ab
out
graecum Zingiber
decreases in the leve
ls of pho
spha
tases
officinale
and suc
rase The
pos
itive influen
ces of
a go
od num
ber of spices on these term
inal
enzy
mes of the digestive
process cou
ld
be an ad
ditiona
l featur
e of species that
are ge
nerally
well recogn
ized
to
stim
ulate digestion
Piper longum
Pippali Rasay
ana
Two grou
ps
Mice infected
with Giardia lamblia
Aga
rwal A
K e
t al Man
agem
ent of
prep
ared
from Butea
of m
ice with
trop
hozo
ites produc
ed up to 98
giardiasis by an
immun
omod
ulatory
monospermastem
s an
da co
ntrol
reco
very from the
infection
he
rbal dru
g Pippa
li rasaya
na
leav
es and
Piper longum
JEthno
pha
rm 199
444
(3)1
43ndash1
46
dried
fru
its ad
ministered
orally
Piper longum
Piperine an active
Mice
The
princ
iple exerted
significant protec-
Kou
l IB K
apil A E
valuation of the
alka
loidal con
stituen
t of
tion
aga
inst ind
uced
hep
atox
icity
liver protective of piperine an
the ex
tract from
Piper
by decreasing bo
th in vitroan
d in
active
princ
iple of black an
d lon
g longum
and Piper
vivo
lipid perox
idation decreasing
pep
pers Planta Med
199
359
(5)
nigrum
enzy
matic lea
kage
an
d by preve
nting
413ndash
417
dep
letion
of GSH
and
total thiols
Piper longum
Alternanthera sessilis
Mice an
d rats
Cum
inum
cyminum
seed
s Ocimum
sanctum
Aru
na K
Siva
ramak
rish
nan VM
Cum
inum
cyminum
leav
es a
nd Papaver somnifera
seed
s Anticarcino
genic effects of som
e Curcuma longa Ferula
sign
ifican
tly inhibited neo
plasia
Indian plant products Foo
d C
hem
asafoetida M
oringa
alon
e The
se plants may
prove
to
Tox
ic 199
230
(11)953
ndash956
oleifera Ocimum
be valuab
le anticarcino
gens
sanctum Papaver
somnifera Piper
longum
Sylanum
nigrum
Piper longum
Mixture of Glycyrrhiza
Rats
Duo
den
al ulcerated
rats trea
ted w
ith the
Nad
ar TS Pillai M
M Effect of
glabra Terminalia
mixture recov
ered
faster with co
ncom
itan
t Ayu
rved
ic m
edicines on be
ta-
chebula Piper longum
increa
se in
b-glucu
ronidase activity in the
glucu
ronidase activity of Bru
nnerrsquos
Bru
nnerrsquos gland
glan
ds during
recov
ery from
cy
stea
mine induced duod
enal
ulcers in rats Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
1989
27(11
)959
ndash962
477
(continued)
Piper longum
Spice princ
iples cap
saicin
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
liver
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
curcum
in pipe
rine
Plants
microso
mal cytoc
hrom
e P4
50-dep
enden
t of spices and
pice princ
iples on
Brassica Cinnamomum
aryl hyd
roxy
lase Cum
inum
cyminum
he
patic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
Zingiber officinalean
d Trigonella foenum-
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
cyminum
Ferula foetida
graecum
also stimulated
the
lev
els of
Bioph
ys 198
926
(4)2
54ndash2
58
Tamarindus indica
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
Trigonella foenum-graecum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
Zingiber officinale
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Piper longum
Eithe
r sing
le oral dose
Crossov
er trial
Results obtaine
d rev
ealed tha
t a sing
leBan
o G et al Effect of piperine on
(300
mg) of phe
nytoin
5 he
althy
daily dose of piperine for 7 day
spha
rmok
inetics of phe
nytoin in
alon
e or in co
mbina
tion
vo
lunteers
sign
ifican
tly reduced the
absorption
healthy vo
lunteers P
lanta Med
with multiple dos
es of
half-life prolong
ed the
elim
ination
19875356
8ndash56
9piperine
half-life and
produc
ed a significantly
high
er area und
er the
dru
g conc
en-
tration cu
rve of phe
nytoin in co
mpa
r-ison
to phe
nytoin alone
Piper longum
Piper longum Piper nigrum
Rats
Piperine increased the
blood
lev
els of
Atal CK e
t al Scientific eviden
ce on
and Zingiber officinale
vasicine
by ne
arly 233
Und
er the
the role of Ayu
rved
ic herba
ls on
influen
ce of piperine the
active
bioa
vaila
bility of dru
gs J
princ
iple of Pipersp
ecies sparteine
Ethno
pharm 198
14(2)229
ndash232
bloo
d lev
els increa
sed more than
100
Piper nigrum
L
Rats were fed the
following
Rats
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Sriniva
san K Influen
ce of
PIPERACEAE
plan
ts for 8 w
eeks
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or the
ir active
Maricha
Brassicasp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes of
Black pep
per
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
uco
sa D
ietary
small intestinal m
ucosa in rats Int
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcumin capsaicin p
iperine an
dJ Fo
od Sci N
utr 199
547
(1)5
5ndash59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinaleprom
inen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases sucrase an
dTrigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species and
Ferula foetidabrou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
478
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
pho
spha
tases an
d su
crase T
hepositive influe
nces of a go
od numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
Piper nigrum
Piperine an active
Mice
The
princ
iple exe
rted
significant
Kou
l IB K
apil A E
valuation of the
alka
loidal con
stituen
t of
protection ag
ains
t indu
ced hep
atox
icity
liver protective of piperine an
the extract from
Piper
by decreasing bo
th in vitroan
d in
active
princ
iple of black an
d lon
g longum
and Piper
vivo
lipid perox
idation decreasing
pep
pers Planta Med
199
359
(5)
nigrum
enzy
matic leaka
ge an
d by preve
nting
413ndash
417
dep
letion
of GSH
and
total thiols
Piper nigrum
Piperine safrol an
d tan
nic
Mice
Safrol and
tan
nic acid w
ere weak
Wrba H e
t al Carcino
genicity
acid con
stituen
ts of Piper
carcinog
ens co
mpared
with methy
l-testing of som
e co
nstituen
ts of
nigrum
cholan
threne
tha
t was used as a
black pep
per (Piper nigrum) Exp
carcinog
enic con
trol substanc
e Force
Tox
icol Patho
l 19
9244(2)61ndash
65
feed
ing of d-lim
onen
e (a pep
per
terp
enoid) reduced the
ir carcino
genic
activity w
hile force feeding of
piperine (a black pep
per alkaloid) was
ineffective
Piper nigrum
Piperine a m
ajor
Rats
The
alkaloid poten
tiated
pen
toba
rbiton
e Mujumdar A
M e
t al Effect of
alka
loid iso
lated
sleeping time w
ith pea
k effects at 30
piperine on
pen
toba
rbiton
e from
Piper nigrum
minutes Blood
and
brain lev
els were
induced hyp
nosis in rats Ind
ian
high
er in piperine trea
ted animals
JExp
Biol 19
9028(5)486
ndash487
Piperine-treated rats treated
lon
g-term
with ph
enob
arbitone
significantly
poten
tiated
phe
noba
rbiton
e sleeping
time co
mpa
red to co
ntrols
Piper nigrum
Piper nigrum
fruit
Albino rats
A dose-dep
enden
t statistically
significant
Tripathi P et al Thy
roge
nic resp
onse
alco
holic
extract
enha
ncem
ent of the
tissu
e-ox
ygen
uptake
of Piper nigrum Fitoterapia 198
9was observe
d The
perox
idase activity
LX(6)5
39ndash5
42
in the
thy
roid tissu
e increa
sed at the
dose of 40 mg an
d 80 mg
kg Plasma
triio
dothy
ronine
and
thy
roxine
lev
els
were dos
e-dep
enden
t an
d significantly
increa
sed com
pared
to co
ntrols
Piper nigrum
Sing
le oral dose (300
mg)
Crossov
er trial
Results obtaine
d rev
ealed single daily
Ban
o G et al Effect of piperine on
of phe
nytoin alone
or in
5 he
althy
dose of piperine for 7 day
spha
rmok
inetics of phe
nytoin in
combina
tion
with multiple
volunteers
sign
ifican
tly decreased
the
abs
orption
healthy vo
lunteers P
lanta Med
doses of piperine
half-life prolong
ed the
elim
ination
19875356
8ndash56
9ha
lf-life and
produc
ed a significantly
high
er area und
er the
dru
gco
ncen
tration cu
rve of phe
nytoin in
compa
rison to phe
nytoin alone
479
(continued)
Piper nigrum
Piper nigrum
pow
der in
Hum
anResults sho
wed
Piper nigrum
powder
Desai H
G Kalro R
H Effect of black
doses of 02 04 gh
trial 20
doe
s no
t dam
age the hu
man
gastric
pep
per and
asafoetida on
the
DNA
and Ferula foetidain
healthy
muco
sa w
hereas Ferula foetidadoe
sco
nten
t of gastric asp
irates Ind
doses of 01 02 and
04
human
based on
the
rate of exfoliation
of the
JMed
Res 198
581
325
ndash329
g
h on
different day
svo
lunteers
surface ep
ithe
lial cells
of hu
man
gastric muc
osa
Piper nigrum
Piper longum Piper
Rats
Piperine increased the
blood
lev
els of
Atal CK e
t al Scientific eviden
ce on
nigrum
and Zingiber
vasicine
by ne
arly 233
Und
er the
the role of Ayu
rved
ic herba
ls on
officinale
influen
ce of piperine the
active
bioa
vaila
bility of dru
gs J Ethno
-princ
iple of Piper
species spa
rteine
pha
rm 198
14(2)229
ndash232
bloo
d lev
els increa
sed m
ore than
100
Prunus amygdalus
25 g almon
d seed and
Albino
Rab
bits sho
wed
a definite hy
pog
lycemic
Teo
tia S Singh
M H
ypog
lycemic
Batsch
its pr
oportion
ate
rabb
its
action
during
the
2-m
onth study
effect of Prunus amygdalusseed
s ROSA
CEAE
fraction
s 122 g defatted
in albino rabb
its Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
Bad
ama
seed
and
128 g oil
1997
35(3)295
ndash296
Alm
ond
Prunus amygdalus
Brassica rapa Prunus
Animals
All these plan
ts sho
wed
no toxicity
Quresh
i S et al Stud
ies on
herba
l amygdalus and
Zingiber
during
acu
te tox
icity tests A
ll plant
aphr
odisiacs used in Arab system
officinale
extracts significantly inc
reased
the
of m
edicine A
m J C
lin M
ed 1989
sperm m
otility and
spe
rm con
tents in
17(1ndash2
)57ndash
63
the ep
ididym
ides and
vas deferen
switho
ut pr
oduc
ing sp
ermatotox
iceffect
Pueraria tuberosa
DC
Butano
l extracts of
Rats
The
butano
l ex
tract ap
pears to be
Shukla S T
oxilo
gical studies of
LEGUMIN
OSA
EPueraria tuberosa
gene
rally
safe in rats at the
se acu
tePueraria tuberosa a po
tent anti-
Vidari
Dose of 150
mg
kgan
d sub
acute dos
age regimen
sfertility plant Int J Pha
rmacog
nosy
Vidari
administered for 6 1
2
1995
33(4)324
ndash329
18 an
d 24 day
sPueraria tuberosa
Butano
lic extracts of
Rats
Administration caused a sign
ifican
tSh
ukla S et al B
utano
lic extract of
Pueraria tuberosa
increa
se in the glyc
ogen
con
tents
Pueraria tuberosa
DC Ph
ysiological
protein con
centration
activity of acid
resp
onse in the ge
nital tract of
and alkaline ph
ospha
tase and
total
cyclic fem
ale rats P
hytother R
es
cholesterol in the
ova
ry uterus
1989
3(1)5
ndash10
cervix an
d vag
ina A
dministration
480
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
caus
ed m
etap
lastic cha
nges in
cervical epithe
lium w
ith marke
dke
ratinization
and
provo
ked
corn
ification in vag
inal epithe
lium
The
se cha
nges hav
e be
en correlated
with an
ti-implan
tation
action of the
butano
lic extract
Pueraria tuberosa
Butano
lic extracts of
Rats
Bioch
emical findings
supp
orted by
Shukla S et al P
hysiolog
y an
d bio-
Pueraria tuberosa
the histolog
ical observa
tion
s furthe
rch
emistry of fem
ale ge
nital tract of
confirm the
extroge
nic mod
e of action
ovariectom
ized
rats trea
ted w
ith
of the
butano
lic extract of Pueraria
butano
lic extract of Pueraria tuberosa
tuberosa
in adult ov
ariectom
ized
rats
Fitoterapia 1987LVII(1)9
ndash22
Pueraria tuberosa
Tube
rs of Pueraria
Rats m
ice and
Fraction
s of Pueraria tuberosa
possessed
Prak
ash AO et al Con
tracep
tive
tuberosa
hamsters
sign
ifican
t estrog
enic activity
poten
cy of Pueraria tuberosa
DC
and its hormon
al status A
cta Eur
Fertil 19
8516(1)59ndash
65
Pueraria tuberosa
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plants sh
owed
marke
d but
Prak
ash AO et al Anti-im
plan
tation
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of so
me indigen
ous plan
tsAdhatoda vasica
anti-implan
tation
activity
in rats A
cta Eur Fe
rtil 19
8516(6)
Citrulus colocynthus
441ndash44
8Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
Pueraria tuberosa
Cru
de pow
der pe
troleu
m
Rats
To study the co
ntraceptive
poten
cy of
Mathu
r R e
t al Effect of Pueraria
ethe
r an
d ben
zene
and
the ex
tract pe
troleu
m ether and
tuberosa
DC on the oe
strous cy
cle
etha
nolic
extracts of
benz
ene ex
tracts trans
form
ed the
of adult rats A
cta Eur Fertil 19
84
Pueraria tuberosa
diestru
s ph
ase into a prolong
ed15
(5)3
93ndash3
94
corn
ified stage
and
persisted
until the
last day
of treatm
ent The
cru
de
pow
der an
d ethan
olic extract also
induced cornification
but after day
thirteen
the
cornified
stage
cha
nged
to
the diestru
s stag
e
481
(continued)
Pueraria tuberosa
100 mg pue
raria for 2
Prosp
ective
Patients were trea
ted w
ith pue
raria for
Xiuxian
G Xiuqin L Rad
ix puerarie
years
coho
rt study
2 ye
ars The
ove
rall effective rate
in m
igraine C
hin Med
J19
7992(4)
53 patients
(migraine sy
mptoms reduced) was
260ndash
262
with migraine
83 w
itho
ut side effects
head
ache
s
Punica granatum
L
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plants sh
owed
marke
d bu
tPraka
sh A
O et al Anti-im
plantation
PUNIC
ACEAE
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of some indigen
ous plants
Dad
ima
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implan
tation
activity
in rats A
cta Eur
Fertil 19
8516(6)
Pomeg
rana
teCitrulus colocynthus
441ndash
448
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
Randia dumetorum
Varying
extracts of
Female albino
All the plants sh
owed
marke
d bu
tPraka
sh A
O et al Anti-im
plantation
(Retz) Lam
Acrostichum
aureum
rats
varied
inh
ibition of pregn
ancy
and
activity of some indigen
ous plants
RUBIA
CEAE
Adhatoda vasica
anti-implan
tation
activity
in rats A
cta Eur
Fertil 19
8516(6)
Mad
ana
Citrulus colocynthus
441ndash
448
Emetic nut
Codonopsis ovata
Dolichos biflorus
Ferule orientalis
Juniperus communis
Kigelia pinnata
Lepidum capitum
Nerium odoratum
Pueraria tuberosa
Punica granatum
Randia dumetorum
Rubus ellipticus Ruta
graveolens
482
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Raphanus sativus L
Semipurified
dietary
Rats
The
effects of the three dietary fiber
Sann
oumaru Y et al Effects of
CRUCIFERAE
fibe
r (D
F) from
prepa
ration
s on
fecal steroid
semi-pu
rified
dietary fibers isolated
Moo
laka
Lagenaria siceraria
excretions
som
ewha
t differed
from
Lagenaria siceraria Raphanus
Rad
ish
Raphanus sativusan
ddep
ending on
the
dietary factors Fu
r-sativusan
d Lentinus edodes
on
Lentinus edodes
ther studies are warranted
to ex
amine
fecal steroid excretion
s in rats
continuo
usly for a total
if the
inten
se respon
se of the
JNutr Sci V
itam
inol (Tok
yo) 19
96
of 7 w
eeks
litho
cholicdeo
xych
olic acid ratio to
42(2)9
7ndash11
0the tested
dietary fiber preparations
and fat in the present study will also
be sho
wn in other dietary fibers
Raphanus sativus
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally dosed
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used Ind
ian
of pow
dered
plant m
aterial
the plants were stud
ied in rats for 10
abortifacien
t plants with sp
ecial
Adhatoda vasica A
brus
day
s after insemination with sp
ecial
referenc
e to the
ir teratolog
ic effects
precatorius Acacia arabica
referenc
e to effects of fetal
in rats J Ethno
pha
rm 199
236
Aloe barbadensis Anethum
dev
elop
men
t Leaf extracts of
147ndash
154
sowa Apium
petroselinium
Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
Banbusa arundensis
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
Blepharis edulis Butea
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
monosperma Hibiscus
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
arabicaan
d Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
sativum M
esua ferrea
appea
red to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
Moringa oleifera Mucuna
at the
dos
es tested
pruriens Raphanus
sativus Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
Raphanus sativus
Daucus carota
and Raphanus
Hum
an trial
Con
sumption
of plant products (rad
ish
Sivu
k AK Effect of plant produc
ts of
sativustops
75 g
d for
and carrot tops) for as long
as 28
day
s nu
trition (rad
ish an
d carrot tops
) as lon
g as 28 day
sdid not produce any
adve
rse ch
ange
s on
various
indicators of metab
olism
in the
protein fat a
nd carbo
hydrate
in human
s [R
ussian
] Kosm Biol
metab
olic param
eters ex
amined
Aviak
osm M
ed 198
923
(2)5
6ndash59
Rheum
emodi
Chine
se herba
l dru
g R
heum
Con
trolled clin
ical
Album
in significantly inc
reased
Zha
ng JH e
t al Clin
ical effects of
Wallic
hE and
or C
aptopr
il an
trial 30
patients
during
the
follow-up pe
riod
in trea
ted
Rhe
um and
Cap
topril on
preve
nting
POLYGONACEAE
angioten
sin co
nverting
12
con
trols
patients before more marke
d in bo
thprogression
of ch
ronic rena
l failu
re
Amlauetasa
enzy
me on
chr
onic
Rhe
um E and
Rhe
um E 1
Cap
topril
Chine
se M
ed J 199
010
3(10
)788
ndash793
Indian rhuba
rbrena
l failu
regrou
ps It w
as con
cluded
tha
t long
-term
oral low-dose Rhe
um E
is
bene
ficial to ch
ronic rena
l failu
re The
effect is be
tter tha
n that of Cap
topr
ilThe
reg
ime of R
heum
e E and
Cap
topr
ilis a preferable ch
oice in the long
-term
treatm
ent for preve
nting progression
483
(continued)
Ricinus communis
L
Leav
es of Ricinus communis
8 sh
eep and
Clin
ical patho
logy
in sh
eep w
asBez
erra M
JG B
rito M
F Exp
erim
ental
EUPH
ORBIA
CEAE
Administered orally
to
6 go
ats
characterized by ne
uromuscular
poiso
ning
of sh
eep an
d goa
ts by
Erand
a
4 sh
eep at 20 g
kg
disturban
ces su
ch as un
stea
dy ga
itthe leav
es Ricinus communis
Castor oil plan
t4 sh
eep at 30 g
kg
and slig
ht instability Three she
ep tha
t(Eup
horbiaceae
) Pe
squisa Veterin
3 go
ats 30
gk
g 35 g
kg
received
30 g
kg died In go
ats
Brasileira 19
9515(3)27ndash
34
3 sh
eep 40
gk
gsymptoms were discrete A
ll go
ats
reco
vered No sign
ifican
t macroscop
ic or
microscop
ic alterations
were seen
in
three sh
eep tha
t died
Ricinus communis
05
Ricinus communis
Brown Hisex
Symptom
s lesions
an
d cha
nges in
El-Bad
wi SM
A et al Com
parative
seed
of 05
Jatropha
chicks
grow
th h
ematolog
y an
d clin
ical
toxicity of Ricinus communis
and
curcas
seed
chem
istry were inve
stigated
High
Jatropha curcasin Brown Hisex
mortality an
d m
ore seve
re cha
nges
chicks
Deu
tche
Tieraerztlic
he
occu
rred
in ch
icks on Ricinus
diet
Woc
hens
chrift 199
510
2(2)75ndash
77
than
Jatrophafeed
Ricinus communis
Lectins Arachis
Con
trolled hum
anDolichos biflorus Glycine max Lotus
Maz
umdar S B
inding pa
ttern of
hypogaea D
olichos
trial 11
with
tetragonolobus Ricinus communis
eigh
t different lectins
in he
althy
biflorus Glycine max
norm
al oral
Ulex europaeussh
owed
very strong
subjects and
patients with
dys
plastic
Lotus tetragonolobus
muco
sa 5
with
to stron
g bind
ing in hea
lthy
oral
and m
aligna
nt lesions
of the oral
Ricinus communis U
lex
leuko
plak
ia w
ith
muc
osa bu
t no
or ve
ry w
eak bind
ing
cavity Int J O
ral Max
illofacial Su
rgeuropaeus
conc
anav
alin
dys
plasia 1
2 in squ
amou
s cell carcinom
a O
ther
1993
22(5)301
ndash305
A whe
at germ
with
oral muc
osal
lectins inve
stigated
may
be used as
squam
ous cell
probe
s to determine the dysplastic and
carcinom
a maligna
nt status of the
oral muc
osal
epithe
lium
Ricinus communis
Ricin o
ral dos
age of
Rats
Rats intoxicated orally
with ricin sh
owed
Ishigu
ro M
et al B
ioch
emical studies
30 m
gkg
clear sign
s of sickn
ess an
d all died w
ithin
of oral toxicity of ricin I R
icin
36 hou
rs
administered orally
can
impa
irsu
gar ab
sorp
tion
by rat sm
all
intestine C
hem Pha
rm Bull 19
83
31(9)3
222ndash
3227
Rubia cordifolia
L
An an
titumor sub
stan
ce
Clin
ical trial
Cha
nges in card
iac func
tion
were no
ted
Yoshida F et al Stud
y of cardiac
RUBIA
CEAE
RA-700
isolated from
pha
se I
in both grou
ps Sev
eral cardiac param
eters
func
tion
in first stag
e ex
amination
Man
jista
Rubia akane
or Rubia
neop
lastic
tend
ed to be
more ex
trem
e in group 2
of R
A-700
RA-700
Clin
ical Study
484
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Indian mad
der
cordifolia
grou
p 1
patien
tsBecau
se of the sm
all sample no relatio
nship
Group [Jap
anese] Gan
To Kag
aku
injected
onc
e with RA-
betw
een the ch
ange
s in cardiac func
tion
Ryo
ho 199
421
(2)1
99ndash2
07
700 group
2 injected
and injection
dos
es of RA-700
can
be mad
eRA-700
for 5
cons
ecutive
day
sRubia cordifolia
RA-700
iso
lated from Rubia
Clin
ical trial
The
max
imum
tolerated
dose was 14
Majim
a H e
t al Ph
ase I Stud
y of
akaneor Rubia cordifolia
ph
ase I 14
mg
m2for the 5-day
sch
edule
RA-700
RA-700
Clin
ical Study
02ndash14 mg
m2in single IV
patien
tsad
ministration
Group [Jap
anese] Gan
To
dose 04ndash2
0 m
gm
2in
Kag
aku Ryo
ho 199
320
(1)6
7ndash78
5 day
IV doses
Rubia cordifolia
RA-700
a cy
clic hex
apep
tide
Mice
The
antitum
or activity of R
A-700
was
Kato T et al Antitum
or activity an
d
isolated
from Rubia cordifolia
simila
r to tha
t of deo
xybo
uva
rdin and
toxicity in mice of R
A-700
a cy
clic
was com
pared
with deo
xy-
vinc
ristine ag
ains
t P3
88 leu
kemia
hexa
pep
tide A
ntican
cer Res 198
77
bouva
rdin and
vincristine
(3 Pt B)329
ndash334
Rubia cordifolia
Cyclic
hexap
eptides (RA-V
II
Mice
Stud
ies sh
owed
pep
tide
s ex
hibited
Itok
awa H e
t al Isolation an
d
RA-V
RA-IV and
RA-III)
sign
ifican
t activity aga
inst leu
kemias
antitumor activity of cyc
lic
isolated
from Rubia
and ascites tumors P-388
L1210
B-
hexa
pep
tides isolated from
cordifolia
16 m
elan
oma an
d solid tum
ors colon
Rubis Rad
ix Che
m Pha
rm Bull
38 L
ewis lung
carcino
ma an
d Ehr
lich
1984
32(1)284
ndash290
carcinom
a R
A-V
had
an espe
cially
poten
t effect on MM2 mam
mary
carcinom
aSalvadora persica L
Extracts of Salvadora persica
Ran
dom
ized
(Abs
tract no
t av
ailable)
Quinlan R et al A study co
mparing
SALVADORACEAE
controlle
d trial
the efficacy
of a toothp
aste con
tain-
Pilu
ing extract of Salvadora persica
with
aPeelu
stan
dard fluoride toothp
aste NZ
Soc Periodon
tal 19
94777ndash
14
Salvadora persica
Roo
ts of the Arak tree
Com
parative
The
frequ
ent us
e of lsquoMiswak
rsquo was
al-K
hateeb
TL et al P
eriodon
tal
Salvadora persica
human
study
associated
with a lower need for
trea
tmen
t ne
eds am
ong Sa
udi
480 ad
ults
periodon
tal care
Arabian
adu
lts and
the
ir relationship
to the
use of the Miswak
Com
-mun
ity D
ent Hea
lth 19
918(4)
323ndash
328
Salvadora persica
Extracts of Salvadora persica
Mice
Mice injected
with Salvadora persica
Sulaim
an M
I et al Effects of
extracts sho
wed
a significant decrease
Salvadora persicaex
tracts on mice
in exp
loratory loc
omotor activity
exploratory loc
omotion activities
param
eters
J Ethno
pha
rm 198
617
(3)2
63ndash2
68
Santalum
album
L
Sand
al w
ood oil 5 in
Mice
Sand
alwoo
d oil trea
tmen
t sign
ifican
tly
Dwived
i C A
bu-G
haza
leh A C
hemo-
SANTALACEAE
aceton
e from
Santalum
reduc
ed pap
illom
a inciden
ce by 67
preve
ntive effects of san
dalwoo
d
Cha
ndan
amalbum
multiplic
ity by
96
an
d ind
uced
oil on
skin pa
pillo
mas in mice Eur
White San
dalwoo
dornithine decarbo
xylase activity
JCan
cer Pr
ev 199
76(4)399
ndash401
by
70
Oil may
be an
effective
che
mo-
preve
ntive ag
ent ag
ains
t sk
in can
cer
485
(continued)
Santalum
album
Embelia ribes Glycyrrhiza
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
glabra Holarrhena
rand
omized
administered different herba
l mixtures
applic
ations
of he
rbal formulations
antidysenterica
comparative
Successful treatm
ents in grou
ps A and
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Nardostachys jatamansi
study 49
B prove
d effective
aga
inst both inflam
-rand
omized
com
parative
study
Phyllanthus emblica
adolescent
matory (pim
ples) an
d non
inflam
matory
JMed
icinal A
romatic Plant Sci
Santalum
album
to you
ng(black
head
s an
d othe
r co
med
ones)
1997
1941
4ndash41
8Terminalia bellirica
adults w
ith
lesion
s T
he treatmen
t pr
eparations
rsquo Terminalia chebula
mild
to
mecha
nism
s of action remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
mod
erate
facial acn
eSantalum
album
Ban
gshil prep
aration contains
Hum
an trial
Ban
gshil was administered to 35 patients to
Sharma BP G
oswam
i P U
rina
ry tract
Asp
haltum 6
0 mg
35 patients
treat urina
ry tract infection
Bacteriolog
ic
infection an
d its m
anag
emen
t by
Balsamodendron mukul
cure w
as obtaine
d in 889
and
sym
pto-
bang
shil A
ryav
aidya
n 19
958(4)
40 m
g Ferrisu
lphu
ratum
matic relief in 824
21
2ndash21
530 m
g K
asisa bh
asma 60
mg Bambu manna12
mg
Tin Bha
sma
Sand
alwoo
d oil 5 m
gSantalum
album
Santalum
album
oil Oral
Swiss albino
mice
A significant enh
ancemen
t of glutathione
-Ba
nerje
e S et al M
odulatory influen
ce
feed
ing each
day
with
S-tran
sferase activity and
acid soluble
of san
dalwoo
d oil on
mou
se
5 an
d 15
mL san
dalwoo
dsu
lphy
dryl leve
ls w
as noted
The
he
patic glutathione
S-trans
ferase
oil for 10
and
20 day
spossible ch
emop
reve
ntive action
of
activ
ity and
acid soluble su
lphy
dryl
oil on
carcino
gene
sis may
be due to a
leve
l Can
cer Lett 19
9368(2ndash
3)
bloc
king
mecha
nism
10
5ndash10
9
Saraca indicaL
(-)-ep
icatechin an extract
Mice
Papillom
a form
ation was inh
ibited
by
Vargh
ese CD e
t al E
ffect of asoka
LEGUMIN
OSA
Efrom
bark of Saraca indica
topical ap
plic
ation of extract
on the
intracellu
lar glutathion
e leve
lsAsoka
Top
ical app
lication an
d
Oral ad
ministration sign
ifican
tly
and skin tumor promotion in m
ice
Asoka
tree
oral adm
inistration of
restricted
tum
or growth
Can
cer Lett 19
9369(1)45ndash
50100 mg
kg w
eigh
tSaussurea lappa
Saussurea lappa-50
0 mg
Hum
an trial 4
0 A significant cha
nge in fasting
blood
sug
ar
Sing
h DC Sh
arma BP M
anag
emen
t (D
ecne
) CB
capsu
les 23
per day
patien
tsbe
fore versu
s after treatm
ent with bo
th
of m
adhu
meh
a (Diabetes mellitus)
Clarke
and Pterocarpus marsupium
plants was noted
by
ind
igen
ous dru
gs-bija
yasar an
dCOMPO
SITAE
100-mL decoc
tion
23
kustha
Aryav
aidy
an 19904(1)21ndash23
Kus
htha
per day
both for 30
day
sCostus
486
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Saussurea lappa
Saussurea lappaan
d Inula
Clin
ical study
In stable an
gina
pectoris patients
Dwived
i S et al Role of Inula
racemosacrude root
60 patients
Saussurea lappareduc
ed the
racemosaan
d Saussurea lappa
in
powder
freq
uen
cy of an
gina
(20
) bu
t did not
man
agem
ent of A
ngina Pectoris
produce any
other cha
nges Inula
Int JC
rude Dru
g Res 198
927
(4)
racemosa was sho
wn to pos
sess
217ndash
222
sign
ifican
t an
tian
gina
l prope
rty It
lowered
diastolic blood
pressure
plasm
a co
rtisol a
nd catecho
lamines
Saussurea lappa
Seve
ral fraction
s Saussurea
Various an
imals
Some of lactone
fractions
and
delactonize
dGup
ta O
P G
hatak BJR P
harm
aco-
lapparoot oil were
oil exhibit hy
poten
sive
sp
amolytic and
logical inve
stigations
on Saussurea
inve
stigated
bron
chod
ilatory effects n
o an
titussive
lappa(C
larke) Indian JM
ed R
esactivity w
as detected w
ith an
y fraction
19
6755(10
)107
8ndash10
83
but a slight diuretic pr
operty obs
erve
d
Sesamum
indicum
L
Rats fed a diet that differed
Rats
Sesamin-feeding sign
ifican
tly
Kam
al-Eldin A
et al Se
samin (a
PEDALIA
CEAE
only in their co
nten
ts of
increa
sed g-toc
ophe
rol an
dco
mpou
nd from sesam
e oil)
Tila
sesamin 0 025 05 1
0
g
a-toc
ophe
rol ratios
in
increa
ses toco
pherol lev
els in
Sesame
20 and
40 gk
gplasm
a liver an
d lung
s Sug
gested
rats fed
ad libitum L
ipids 19
95
bioa
vaila
bility of
g-toc
ophe
rol is
30(6)4
99ndash5
05
enha
nced
in ph
enol-con
taining diets
compared
with pu
rified
diets
Sesamum
indicum
Sesame flow
ers co
llected
at
Case stud
ies
Sesame flow
ers used to treat com
mon
Wan
g HT T
reatmen
t of com
mon
daw
n whe
n dew
on plant
250 cases of
wart 228 cu
red and
22 im
prove
dwart with sesame flow
ers Bull
Flow
ers rubb
ed on wart
common
wart
(100
respon
se rate) One
-yea
rChin Mat M
ed 198
914
(6)3
56
33pe
r day
follo
w-up of 217
resulted in an
effective rate of 97
2
Sida cordifolia
L
Ethan
ol or water extracts
Rats orally
Aqu
eous or 90
ethan
ol extracts of the
Nath D e
t al Com
mon
ly used
MALVACEAE
of pow
dered
plant m
aterial
dosed
plants were stud
ied in rats for 10 day
s Indian ab
ortifacien
t plan
ts w
ith
Bala
Adhatoda vasica A
brus
after insemination with sp
ecial referenc
e sp
ecial r
eferen
ce to their teratologic
Cou
ntry m
allow
precatorius Acacia arabica
to effects of fetal dev
elop
men
t Leaf
effects in rats J Ethno
pharm
Aloe barbadensis Anethum
extracts of Moringa oleifera
and Adhatoda
1992
3614
7ndash15
4sowa Apium
petroselinium
vasica
were 10
0 abo
rtive at doses
Banbusa arundensis
equivalen
t to 175
mg
kg starting dry
Blepharis edulis Butea
material Only the flow
ers of Acacia
monosperma Hibiscus
arabicaan
d Hisiscus rosa-sinensis
rosa-sinensis Lepidum
appe
ared
to lack
teratolog
ic poten
tial
sativum M
esua ferrea
at the
dos
es tested
Moringa oleifera M
ucuna
pruriens Raphanus
sativus Sida cordifolia
Trachyspermum
ammai
487
(continued)
Solanum nigrum
L
Solanum nigrum
as a foo
dCon
trolled trial
Esopha
geal can
cer pa
tien
ts w
ith
Sammon
AM A
case-control stud
y SO
LANACEAE
100 with
extens
ive inqu
iries into diet an
d soc
ial
of diet an
d soc
ial factors in can
cer
Kak
amachi
esop
hage
alha
bits w
as studied Sign
ifican
t risk
of the
esoph
agus
in Trans
kei Can
cer
Black
nightsh
ade
canc
er 1
00factors foun
d w
ere use of Solanum
1992
69(4)860
ndash865
co
ntrols
nigrum
as a foo
d sm
oking and
use of
trad
itiona
l med
icines
Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum
(aerial parts)
Rats
Solanum nigrum
reduced ulcer ind
exAkh
tar MS M
unir M
Eva
luation of
pow
der and
its m
etha
nolic
sign
ifican
tly The
activity may
be due
the ga
tric antiulcerog
enic effects
extract
to inh
ibition of acid and
pep
sin
of Solanum
nigrum Brassica oleracea
secretions
and
or their in vitro
ability
and Ocimum
basilicum in rats J
to bind
Ethno
pharm 198
927
(1ndash2
)163
ndash176
Strychnos nux vomica
Cru
de alkoloid fraction of
Mice
Administration dem
onstrated antinoc
i-Cai B et al Processing of nux vo
mia
L
Strychnos nux-vomica
ceptive
effects of the alka
loid
VII A
ntinoc
icep
tive
effects of
STRYCHNACEAE
crude
alkaloids from
seeds of
Kup
ilu
Strychnos nux vomicain m
ice Biol
Nux
vom
ica
Pha
rm Bull 19
9619(1)127
ndash131
Strychnos nux vomica
Strych
nine
dose 032
Case
Non
ketotic hy
perglycinem
ia w
asW
arbu
rton
D e
t al N
onke
totic
hyp
er-
mg
kgd
stud
ies
diagn
osed
The
rapy
with strych
nine
glyc
emia Effects of therap
y with
infant twins
resu
lted
in a grea
t reduction in C
SFstrych
nine
Am JDis C
hildr 19
80
and plasm
a glyc
ine leve
ls improve
-13
4(3)273
ndash275
men
t in m
uscle tone
resp
iration
and ability to suck
Strychnos nux vomica
Strych
nine
nitrate daily
Case studies
The
rapeu
tic failu
re proba
bly indicated
von Wen
dt L e
t al Fa
ilure of
dosag
e of 02ndash0
9 m
gkg
3 infants
that strychn
ine trea
tmen
t doe
s no
tstrych
nine
treatmen
t during
the
solve the therap
eutic pr
oblems of
neon
atal period in three Finn
ish
seve
re forms of non
ketotic
child
ren with no
nketotic hyp
er-
hyperglyc
inem
ia
glyc
inem
ia Pe
diatrics 19
8065(6)
1166
ndash116
9Swertia chirata
Swertia chiratain doses of
Albino rats
Hep
atop
rotective effect of Swertia
Mukh
erjee S et al Hep
atop
rotective
(Wall) C
B
20 5
0 100 m
gkg
bod
y chiratawas studied T
reatmen
t with
effect of Swertia chirataon
rat
Clarke
weigh
tSwertia chirata
and C
Cl4 cau
sed
Ind JExp
Biol 19
9735(4)384
ndash388
GENTIA
NACEAE
improve
men
t at both bioc
hemical and
Kirata tikta
histop
atho
logic param
eters ve
rsus
Chireta
CCl4 treatmen
t alon
e The
most effec-
tive
dose was 50 mg
kg bod
y weigh
t
488
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Swertia chirata
Aqu
eous ex
tract of Swertia
Rats
Swertia chirataex
hibited significant
Islam C
N e
t al Pr
elim
inary studies
chiratatotal xa
ntho
nes
antiinflam
matory activity Swertia
on the
antiin
flam
mtory effects of
prep
ared
from plant aerial
chiratawas fou
nd less effective
Swertia chiratain albino rats Ind
ian
parts O
ral dos
e 50
mg
kg
compared
with stan
dard
J Ph
armacol 199
527
(1)3
7ndash39
bo
dy weigh
tan
tiinflam
matory dru
gs
Swertia chirata
Ethan
olic extract of Swertia
Rats
The
extract significantly red
uced the
Rafatullah S et al P
rotective effect of
chirata
intens
ity of gastric m
uco
sal da
mag
eSwertia chirataag
ains
t indom
etha
cin
produc
ed a significant decrease in
and othe
r ulcerog
enic age
nt-
gastric secretion and
pretrea
tmen
tinduc
ed gastric ulcers D
rugs
Exp
sign
ifican
tly preve
nted
ind
uced
Clin
Res 199
319
(2)6
9ndash73
ga
stric wall mucu
s dep
letion
and
restored
the
non
-protein sulfhyd
ryl
conten
t in gland
ular stom
achs
The
find
ings sup
port the
use of Swertia
chiratafor the trea
tmen
t of gastric
ulcer
Swertia chirata
Two capsu
les of 450
mg
20 case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a
each
Coccinia indica
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
ncomposite he
rbal dru
g in the
Cum
inum
cyminum
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
strea
tmen
t of Diabetes mellitus
Eugenia jambolana
(Mad
humeh
a) Aryav
aidya
n Gymnema sylvestre
19915(1)3
6ndash46
Momordica charantia
Phyllanthus niruri
Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Swertia chirata
95 ethan
ol extract and
Rats
The
optim
um dose (250
mg
kg) pr
oduced
Seka
r BC et al Effect of different
four
fractions
of Swertia
a sign
ifican
t decrease of blood
sug
arfraction
s of Swertia chirayitaon
chirata O
ral dose at 250
in fed
glucose-loa
ded
an
d tolbu
tamide-
the bloo
d sug
ar lev
el of albino
rats
mg
kgpretrea
ted animal m
odels but no
t in
JEthno
pha
rm 198
721
175
ndash181
fasted
rats
Syzgium aromaticum
Hot w
ater extracts of Geum
Mice
Anti-cy
tomeg
alov
irus (C
MV) activity
Yuk
awa TA et al Proph
ylactic
(L) Merr amp
LM
japonicum Rhus javanica
in vivowas exa
mined
Geum japonicum
trea
tmen
t of cytom
egalov
irus
Perry
Syzgium aromaticum
Syzygium
aromaticum
an
d Terminalia
infection with trad
itiona
l he
rbs
MYRTACEAE
and Terminalia chebula
chebulasign
ifican
tly su
ppressed
CMV
Antiviral R
es 199
632
(2)6
3ndash70
Lav
anga
yields in lung
s of treated
mice co
mpa
red
Dev
apus
pa
with water-treated
mice
Clove
Syzygium
Geum japonicum
Rhus
Mice
Extracts sho
wed
significant antiherpes
Kur
okaw
a M e
t al Efficacy of
aromaticum
javanica Syzgium
simplex
virus
typ
e I activity Extracts
trad
itiona
l he
rbal m
edicines in co
m-
aromaticum
Terminalia
limited
dev
elop
men
t of skin lesion
s bina
tion
with acyc
lovir ag
ains
t chebula
Acy
clov
ir
ando
r pr
olon
ged m
ean su
rvival
herpes sim
plex virus
typ
e 1 infection
andor herba
l ex
tract
times of infected
mice co
mpared
in vitro and
in vivo
Antiviral R
es
administered
with bo
th A
cyclov
ir and
the
herba
l19
9527(1ndash
2)19ndash
37
extract alon
e
489
(continued)
Tamarindus indica L
Tam
arindus fruit extract
Hum
an trial
A statistically significant inc
rease in
Mustap
ha A
et al Effect of
LEGUMIN
OSA
E6 he
althy
plasm
a leve
ls of aspirin an
d salic
yclic
Tamarindus indica
L on
the
bio-
Amlik
a vo
lunteers
acid w
as noted
whe
n a mea
lav
ailability of asp
irin in he
althy
Tam
arind
containing
tam
arind fru
it extract w
ashu
man
volunteers Eur
J D
rug
administered w
ith aspirin tab
lets
Met Pha
rm 199
621
(3)2
23ndash2
26
take
n und
er a fasting
state
Tamarindus indica
Tam
arind seed
Mice
The
results dem
onstrated tha
t tamarind
Sano
M e
t al Lack of carcino
genicity
polysaccha
ride
seed
polys
acch
aride is not carcino
genic
of tam
arind seed polys
acch
aride
in B6C
3F1 mice of eithe
r ge
nder
in B6C
3F1 mice Foo
d Che
m Tox
icol
1996
34(5)463
ndash467
Tamarindus indica
Seed
s of Delonix regia
Mice an
d rats
Acu
te tox
icity test of water extracts of
Kad
iri M e
t al Tox
icolog
ical screen-
Cassia tora Sesbania
the five
leg
umes produced no visible
ing of som
e Nigerian wild
leg
umes
sesban Crotalaria
side effects Inc
reased
weigh
ts w
ere a
Rev
ista de Biologia Tropical
naragutensis
resu
lt as co
mpa
red to co
ntrols fed
1995
44(1)269
ndash274
Tamarindus indica
distille
d w
ater S
imila
r resu
lts were
obtained
in prolon
ged tox
icity
screen
ing
Tamarindus indica
Thr
ee Sud
anese
Hum
an trial
The
results indicate a statistically
Mah
mou
d BM e
t al S
ignific
ant reduc
-be
verage
s Aradaib
healthy males
sign
ifican
t de
crea
se in the AUC and
tion
in ch
loroqu
ine bioa
vaila
bility
(Tamarindus indica)
Cmax
of chloroq
uine
as a resu
lt of a
follo
wing co
administration with
Karka
di (Hibiscus
coad
ministration with Tamarindus
the Su
dan
ese be
verage
s Aradaib
sabdarifa
) an
d lem
onindica A
parallel decrease in the
Karka
di and
Lem
on J Antim
icrob
(Citrus lim
etta) with 60
0dru
grsquos an
timalarial efficacy m
ight be
Che
mothe
r 19
9433(5)100
5ndash10
09
mg ch
loroqu
ine
expe
cted
Tamarindus indica
Extracts leav
es of
Hum
an trial
Top
ical app
lication resu
lted
in us
ers
Fabiyi JP e
t al Traditiona
l therap
y Adansonia digitata
human
s with
perceived
relief of pain accelerated
of dracu
nculia
sis in the
state
Calotropis procera
guinea w
orms
expu
lsion of w
orms and
a faster
of Bau
chi-Nigeria [Fren
ch] Dak
arMoringa oleifera
healing process
Med
199
338
(2)1
93ndash1
95
Tamarindus indica
Ziziphus jaozeiro
Tamarindus indica
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants did not sho
w any
cho
lesterol
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K E
ffect of
zeylanica Cum
inum
decreasing effect w
hen include
d in the
cumin cinn
amon
ging
er m
ustard
cyminum
Zingiber
norm
al and
hyp
erch
olesterolemia-
and tam
arind in induc
ed hyp
er-
officinale
induc
ing diet at abo
ut five
fold normal
cholesterolemic rats N
ahru
ng 199
1hu
man
intak
e leve
l35
(1)4
7ndash51
490
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Tamarindus indica
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K Srinivasan
K Influen
ce
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
cyminum
Ferula
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepa
tic mixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
foetida Tamarindus
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
indica Trigonella
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Biophy
s 19
8926(4)254
ndash258
foenum
-graecum
graecum
also stimulated the
lev
els of
Zingiber officinale
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
Taraxacum
officinale
Herb infusion
s of Verbena
Rats
Main ur
olithiasis risk factors were
Grases F et al U
rolithiasis and
W
eber ex
officinalis Lithospermum
evaluated
Ben
eficial effects caused
phy
totherap
y Int U
rol Nep
hrol
FH W
igg
officinale Taraxacum
by herb infusion
s can be
attribu
ted to
1994
26(5)507
ndash511
COMPO
SITAE
officinale Equisetum
a disinfectan
t action
possibly to the
Dugh
a feni
arvense Aarctostaphylos
presenc
e of sap
onins
Dan
delion
uva ursi Arctium
lappa
Silene saxifraga
Taraxacum
Six kind
s of C
hine
seSc
ald m
ice
Polygonum
cuspidatum Taraxacum
officinale
Luo
ZH The
use of Chine
se
officinale
trad
itiona
l he
rbs
and Oidenlandia diffusa show
ed improve
dtrad
itiona
l med
icine to improve
im
paired immune
func
tion
effects in scald
impaired immune
func
tion
s in
mide Effects
varied
according to the
scald m
ice [C
hine
se] Chu
ng H
ua
dosag
e of the
dru
gs
Che
ng H
sing
Sha
o Sh
ang W
ai K
o Tsa C
hih 19
939(1)5
6ndash58
Taraxacum
Twelve
plants ad
ministered
Mice
Of the 12
plants us
ed for the
traditiona
lSw
anston
-Flatt SK et al Glycaem
ic
officinale
as decoction
s or infusion
s
treatm
ent of diabe
tes Agaricus bisporus
effects of traditiona
l Eur
opea
n 28 day
s Agaricus bisporus
and Ilex guayusash
owed
poten
tial anti-
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
Anacardium occidentale
diabe
tic effect
Studies in normal and
Arctum lappa Catharanthus
streptozo
tocin diabe
tic mice
roseus D
aucus carota
Diabe
tes Res 198
910
(2)6
9ndash73
Hum
ulus lupulus Ilex
guayusa Salvia officinale
Sambucus nigra
Taraxacum
officinale
Trigonella foenum-
graecum U
rtica dioica
Taraxacum
Who
le d
ried
and
pow
dered
Rab
bits
Powders of both plants produced
Akh
tar MS et al E
ffects of Portulaca
officinale
plan
ts of Portulaca oleracae
sign
ifican
t hy
pog
lycemic effects in
oleracae
(Kulfa) and
Taraxacum
an
d Taraxacum
officinale
norm
al rab
bits but no
t in allo
xan-
officinale (D
hudha
l) in no
rmo-
treated rab
bits
glyc
aemic and
allo
xan-trea
ted
hype
rglycaem
ic rab
bits JPM
A J
Pak
Med
Assoc
198535
(7)
207ndash
210
491
(continued)
Taraxacum
Herb co
mbina
tion
of
Hum
an trial
As a resu
lt of the trea
tmen
t sp
ontane
ous
Cha
kurski I e
t al T
reatmen
t of
officinale
Calendula officinalis
24 patients
and palpab
le pains along
the
large
chronic co
litis w
ith an
herba
l Foeniculum
vulgare
with ch
ronic
intestine disap
peared in 95
83
co
mbina
tion
of Taraxacum
officinale
Hypericum
perforatum
nons
pecific
of the
patients by
the
15th day
of
Hipericum
perforatum Melissa
Melissa officinalis
colitis
their ad
mission
to the clinic and
officinalisCalendula officinalis
and
Taraxacum
officinale
treatm
ent with the he
rbal com
bina
tion
Foeniculum
vulgare
[Bulgarian]
Vutr Boles 198
120
(6)5
1ndash54
Tephrosia purpurea
Two caps
ules of 450
mg each
20
case studies
Administration of the
herba
l mixture
Karnick
CR A clin
ical trial of a
(L) Pe
rs
Coccinia indica Cum
inum
with Diabetes
led to sign
ifican
t decreases in mea
nco
mposite he
rbal d
rug in the
LEGUMIN
OSA
Ecyminum
Eugenia
mellitus
bloo
d sug
ar value
strea
tmen
t of Diabetes mellitus
Sarapun
kha
jambolana Gymnema
(Mad
humeh
a) Aryav
aidya
n Purple Tep
hrosia
sylvestre Momordica
1991
5(1)3
6ndash46
charantia Phyllanthus
niruri Swertia chirata
Tephrosia purpurea
Terminalia arjuna
50 ethan
olic extract of
Rab
bits
Induced hyp
erlip
idem
ic rab
bits receive
d
Ram
A e
t al Hyp
ocho
lesterolae
mic
(Rox
b Ex DC)
Terminalia arjunatree
the ex
tract A significant decrease in
effects of Terminalia arjunatree
Wrigh
t amp
Arn
bark in doses of 10
0total ch
olesterol LDL and
LDLHDL
bark J Ethno
pharm 199
755
(3)
COMBRETACEAE
mg
kg and
500 m
gkg
ratio was dem
onstrated T
he extract did
165ndash
169
Arjuna
compared
to co
ntrols
not ad
versely effect bioch
emical tests
of liver rena
l func
tion
and
hem
atolog
ic
param
eters
Terminalia arjuna
Terminalia arjunaba
rkClin
ical ran
dom-
Terminalia arjunaco
mpa
red to placeb
o Bha
rani A
et al Sa
lutary effect of
500 mg 8 hou
rly
ized
con
trolled
therap
y was assoc
iated w
ith im
prove
-Terminalia arjunain patients with
dou
ble-blind
men
t in sym
ptoms an
d significant signs
seve
re refractory he
art failu
re
trial 12
with
of hea
rt failure On long
term eva
luation
Int JC
ardiol 19
9549(3)191
ndash199
co
ngestive
(pha
se II) p
atient con
tinu
ed to sh
owhe
art failu
re
improve
men
t in sym
ptoms signs
NYHA C
lass IV
effort toleran
ce an
d N
YHA class
Terminalia arjuna
Bark po
wder of
Hum
an trial 1
5Results sugg
est that m
onothe
rapy
Dwived
i S A
garw
al M
P A
nti-
Terminalia arjuna
stab
le and
with Terminalia arjunawas fairly
angina
l an
d cardioprotective
5 un
stab
leeffective in patients with symptom
s of
effects of Terminalia arjuna an
angina
patients
stab
le ang
ina pe
ctoris How
ever it
indigen
ous dru
g in co
rona
ry artery
has a lim
ited
role in uns
table an
gina
disea
se JA
ssoc
Phy
sician
s India
1994
42(4)287
ndash289
492
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Terminalia arjuna
Terminalia arjunaba
rkRab
bits
Rab
bits receiving
Terminalia arjunaalon
g Tiw
ari AK e
t al Effect of Terminalia
powder sus
pen
ded in
with a high
cho
lesterol diet sh
owed
arjuna
on lipid profiles of rab
bits
water in an
oral dose of
slow
er inc
rease in total cho
lestrol
fed hyp
erch
olesterolemic diet
250 mg
kg bod
y weigh
ttriglycerides and
no ch
ange
in HDL
Int JC
rude Res 199
028
(1)4
3ndash47
23
day
than
rab
bits receiving
only a high
ch
olesterol diet Hyp
erch
olesterolemic
rabb
its receiving Terminalia arjunash
owed
more marke
d decreases in total ch
olesterol
triglycerides a
nd an increase in HDL than
the hy
perch
olesterolemic con
trols
Terminalia arjuna
50 aqu
eous etha
nol
Rats
The
extracts show
ed resorptive activity but
Gupta DN e
t al Po
st coital
hexa
ne and
butan
ol and
were dev
oid of an
tiim
plan
tation
activity
contraceptive
efficacy of
2 flav
ones of Terminalia
Terminalia arjunain albino rats
arjuna
bark
Fitoterapia 198
0LX(3)2
75ndash2
76
Terminalia
Embelia ribes
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
bellirica
(Gaertn)
Glycyrrhiza glabra
rand
omized
administered different herba
l mixtures
applic
ations
of he
rbal formulations
Rox
bHolarrhena
comparative
Successful treatm
ents in grou
ps A and
B
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
COMBRETACEAE
antidysenterica
study 49
prove
d effective
aga
inst both inflam
matory
rand
omized
com
parative
study J
Vibhitaka
Bha
ira
Nardostachys jatamansi
adolescent
(pim
ples) and
non
inflam
matory an
d
Med
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Belleric myrob
alan
Phyllanthus emblica
to you
ngno
ninflammatory (black
head
s an
d other
414ndash
418
Santalum
album
ad
ults w
ith
comed
ones) lesion
s The
treatmen
t Terminalia bellirica
mild
to
prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
s of action
Terminalia chebula
mod
erate
remain un
know
nZingiber officinale
facial acn
eTerminalia bellirica
Haritak
i Terminalia chebula
Rab
bits
Whe
n ch
olesterol was fed
to all grou
ps
Tha
kur CP e
t al The
Ayu
rved
ic
Emblica officinalis
leve
ls w
ere sign
ifican
tly reduced in
med
icines H
aritak
i Amla and
Terminalia bellirica
the three trea
tmen
t grou
ps than
Bah
ira reduce cho
lesterol-ind
uced
in the
con
trol group
The
sam
e was
athe
rosclerosis in rab
bits Int J
true for redu
ction in cho
lesterolem
ia
Cardiology
198821
(2)1
67ndash1
75
Terminalia bellirica
Oil ex
tract from
kerne
lsMice
Mice receiving either Terminalia
Dha
r HL et al Studies on
purgative
of Terminalia bellirica
bellirica
oil or castor oil ha
d usu
ally
action
of an
oil ob
tained
from
loose stoo
ls w
hereas animals give
nTerminalia belerica Ind
ian JM
ed
coco
nut oil ha
d normal stools R
esults
Res 196
857
(1)1
03ndash1
05
obtained
with castor oil an
d treated
grou
p (Terminalia bellirica) w
ere
sign
ifican
tTerminalia chebula
Embelia ribes Glycyrrhiza
Sing
le-blin
dEach of thr
ee treatmen
t grou
ps w
ere
Paranjpe P Eva
luation of top
ical
Retz
glabra Holarrhena
rand
omized
administered different herba
lap
plic
ations
of he
rbal formulations
COMBRETACEAE
antidysenterica
comparative
mixtures Successful trea
tmen
ts in
in acn
e vu
lgaris A single-blind
Haritak
iNardostachys jatamansi
study 49
grou
ps A
and
B prove
d effective
rand
omized
com
parative
study
Che
bulic
Phyllanthus emblica
adolescent
agains
t bo
th inflammatory (pim
ples)
JMed
Aromatic Plant Sci 199
719
Myrob
alan
Santalum
album
to you
ngan
d non
inflam
matory (black
head
s an
d41
4ndash41
8Terminalia bellirica
adults w
ith
othe
r co
med
ones) lesion
s The
Terminalia chebula
mild
to
treatm
ent prepa
ration
srsquo m
echa
nism
sZingiber officinale
mod
erate
of action remain un
know
nfacial acn
e
493
(continued)
Terminalia chebula
Boerhavia diffusa
Golden
The
formulation
had
a m
axim
um cure
Sohn
i YR Bha
tt R
M Activity of a
Berberis aristata
hamsters
rate of 73
at a dose of 800
crude ex
tract form
ulation in
Tinospora cordifolia
with he
patic
mg
kg per day
in he
patic amoe
biasis
experim
ental he
patic amoe
biasis
Terminalia chebula
amoe
biasis
reduc
ing the av
erag
e deg
ree of
and in im
muno
mod
ulation stud
ies
Zingiber officinale
infection to 14 com
pared
to 42 for
J Ethno
pharm 199654
(2ndash3
)119
ndash124
Dried
and
pulverized
controls
plants ex
tracted in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually M
etronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
yTerminalia chebula
Hot w
ater extracts of
Mice
Anti-CMV activity in vivowas exa
mined
Yuka
wa TA e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic
Geum japonicum
Rhus
Geum japonicum
Syzygium aromaticum
trea
tmen
t of cytom
egalov
irus
javanica Syzygium
and Terminalia chebula
sign
ifican
tly
infection with trad
itiona
l he
rbs
aromaticum
an
dsu
ppr
essed C
MV yields in lun
gs of
Antiviral R
es 199
632
(2)6
3ndash70
Terminalia chebula
trea
ted m
ice compa
red w
ith water-
trea
ted m
ice
Terminalia chebula
Geum japonicum
Rhus
Mice
Extracts sh
owed
significant
Kur
okaw
a M e
t al Efficacy of
javanica Syzygium
antihe
rpes sim
plex
virus type I
trad
itiona
l he
rbal m
edicines in
aromaticum
Terminalia
activity E
xtracts lim
ited
combina
tion
with acyc
lovir ag
ains
t chebula
Acy
clov
irdev
elop
men
t of skin lesion
s an
dor
herp
es sim
plex
virus
typ
e 1
andor herba
l ex
tract
prolon
ged m
ean su
rvival tim
es of
infection in vitro and
in vivo
ad
ministered
infected
mice co
mpa
red w
ith bo
thAntiviral R
es 199
527
(1ndash2
)19ndash
37
Acy
clov
ir and
the
herba
l ex
tract alon
eTerminalia chebula
Boerhavia diffusa
Rats with caecal
Form
ulation ha
d a cur
ative rate of
Sohn
i YR e
t al T
he anti-am
oebic effect
Berberis aristata
amoe
biasis
89 w
ith av
erag
e deg
ree of infection
of a cru
de dru
g in formulation of
Tinospora cordifolia
(cae
cal am
oebiasis) (A
DI) red
uced
to
herbal extracts ag
ains
t Entam
oeba
Terminalia chebula
04 in a group
dosed
with 50
0 mg
kg
histolytica in vitro
and in vivo
Zingiber officinale
per day
as co
mpa
red w
ith ADI of 38
JEthno
pha
rm 1
99545
(1)4
3ndash52
Dried
and
pulverized
for co
ntrols
plants ex
tracted in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individu
ally M
etronidazole
administered as stan
dard
therap
y
494
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Terminalia chebula
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
iaad
ministered po
stinfective preinfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
from
Salmonella
sing
le a
nd m
ultiple doses of ex
tract an
d
in m
ice with a trad
itiona
llyTerminalia chebula
typhi
had a significant the
rape
utic effect in
prescribe
d crude dr
ug form
ulation
Tinospora cordifolia
reducing
sep
ticemia
JEthno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aque
ous alco
hol etha
nol
1 stock solution us
edto prepa
re dilu
tion
sOral or subc
utane
ous
administration
Terminalia chebula
A decoction
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoc
tion
Sati R
B Sha
rma RK Man
agem
ent
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Urgenic indica Patients with
of con
gestive card
iac failu
re
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic hea
rt disease
with certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
card
iomyo
pathy
and
cor pulmon
ale
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash1
26
Cedrus deodara
were give
n pow
der of Inula
Picrorhiza kurrooa
racemosa w
hile patients with
Terminalia chebula
rheu
matic hea
rt disease w
ere give
nTinospora cordifolia
Commiphora mukul After two weeks
Trichosantes lobata
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
Inula racemosa2 g 8
completely 2 had
bradyc
ardia a
ndho
urly Commiphora
2 were refractory
mukul1
2 g 8
hourly Urgenic indica
100 mg 8 hou
rly
Terminalia chebula
Mixture of Glycyrrhiza
Rats
Duo
den
al ulcerated
rats trea
ted w
ith
Nad
ar TS Pillai M
M Effect of
glabra Terminalia
the mixture recov
ered
faster with
Ayu
rved
ic m
edicines on be
ta-
chebula Piper longum
conc
omitan
t increase in
b-
glucu
ronidase activity of Bru
nnerrsquos
glucu
ronidase activity in the
glan
ds dur
ing reco
very from
Bru
nnerrsquos gland
cysteamine induc
ed duo
den
al ulcers
in rats Ind
ian JE
xp Biol 19
8927(11)
959ndash
962
Terminalia chebula
Haritak
i Terminalia
Rab
bits
Whe
n ch
olesterol was fed
to all
Tha
kur CP e
t al The
Ayu
rved
ic
chebula Emblica
grou
ps lev
els were sign
ifican
tly
med
icines H
aritak
i Amla and
officinalis Terminalia
reduced in the three trea
tmen
t grou
psBah
ira reduce cho
lesterol-ind
uced
bellirica
than
in the co
ntrol grou
p T
he sam
e was
athe
rosclerosis in rab
bits Int J
true for reduc
tion
in ch
olesterolemia
Cardiol 19
8821(2)167
ndash175
Terminalia chebula
Thr
ee plants lack
ing
Feed
ing trials in
All plan
ts produc
ed hep
atic lesions
Arseculeratne SN
et al Studies of
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
rats
that inc
luded
cen
tral vein
med
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Aegle marmelos
abno
rmalities Terminalia chebula
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eHemidesmus indicus
and Withania somnifera
prod
uced
trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs J
Terminalia chebula
mark rena
l lesion
sEthno
pharm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
Withania somnifera
495
(continued)
Tinospora
Each tablet con
tains 10
039
patients with
Prepa
ration
was eva
luated
for clin
ical
Ran
i PU
Naidu UR S
ubjective an
dcordifolia
Miers
mg of alcoh
olic extract
insomnia
efficacy
and
safety in ins
omnia by
polyso
mno
grap
hic ev
aluation of
MENISPE
RMACEAE
of roo
t of Rauwolfia
subjective
and
polys
omno
grap
hic
a he
rbal prepa
ration
in insomnia
Guduc
hiserpentina
100 m
g of
metho
d The
prepa
ration
produc
edPh
ytom
edicine 1998
5(4)2
53ndash2
57
Guduc
hirhizom
e pow
der of
sign
ifican
t im
prov
emen
t in sleep
Nardostachys jatamansi
parameters The
preparation did not
and 100
mg aq
ueo
us
prod
uce any
feelin
g of han
gove
r or
extract of roo
t stem
day
tim
e sleeplessne
ss 11
patients
leaf of Tinospora
complaine
d of mild
epiga
stric distress
cordifolia
2 tablets at
after the test dru
g It can be
con
clud
edbe
dtime for 21
day
sthe pr
eparation ha
d goo
d hyp
notic
activity and
can
be used in inso
mnia
Tinospora
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
erglyc
emic
The
herba
l form
ulation
had
little
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
cordifolia
sanctum Picrorhiza
rats
effect on bloo
d suga
r conc
entrations
Trasina
an Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
but dos
es ind
uced a dos
e-related
form
ulation
on pa
ncreatic islet
cordifolia Withania
decrease in STZ hyp
erglyc
emia and
superox
ide dismutase activity in
somniferaDoses 100
attenu
ation of STZ ind
uced a decrease
hyperglyc
aemic rats Ind
ian JE
xp
200 mg
kg PO
in islet supe
roxide dismutase activity in
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
13
per day
for 28 day
seu
glyc
aemic rats
Tinospora
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plants sign
ifican
tly inhibited the
carci-
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of so
me Indian
cordifolia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
noge
n oc
hratox
in-ind
uced supp
ression of
herbs on
macropha
ge fun
ctions
in
Tinospora cordifolia
chem
otactic activity and
the
production
ochratox
in A
treated
mice J
Withania somnifera
of interleukin-1 an
d tumor necrosis
Ethno
pharm 199
758
15ndash
20
factor or TNF-
aby
macropha
ges
Tinospora
Boerhavia diffusa
Golden
ham
sters
The
formulation ha
d a m
axim
um cure
Sohn
i YR B
hatt R
M Activity of a
cordifolia
Berberis aristata
with he
patic
rate of 73 at a dose of 800
mg
kg
crude ex
tract form
ulation in
Tinospora cordifolia
amoe
biasis
per day
in he
patic amoe
biasis
expe
rimen
tal he
patic am
oebiasis
Terminalia chebula
reducing
the
ave
rage
deg
ree of
and in im
muno
mod
ulation studies
Zingiber officinale D
ried
infection to 14 com
pared
to 42 for
J Ethno
pha
rm 199
654
(2ndash3
)119
ndash124
an
d pulverized
plants
controls
extracted in etha
nol
toge
ther and
ind
ividua
lly
Metronidaz
ole ad
ministered
as stand
ard the
rapy
496
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Tinospora
Boerhavia diffusa
Rats with caecal
Form
ulation
had
a curative
rate of
Sohn
i YR e
t al T
he antiamoe
bic effect
cordifolia
Berberis aristata
amoe
biasis
89 w
ith av
erag
e deg
ree of infection
of a cru
de dru
g in formulation
of
Tinospora cordifolia
(caecal am
oebiasis) (A
DI) red
uced to
herbal extracts ag
ains
t Entam
oeba
Terminalia chebula
04 in a group dos
ed w
ith 50
0histolytica in vitro
and in vivo J
Zingiber officinale
mg
kg per day
as co
mpa
red w
ith ADI
Ethno
pharm 199
545
(1)4
3ndash52
Dried
and
pulverized
of 38 for con
trols
plan
ts extracted
in
etha
nol toge
ther and
individually
Metronidaz
ole
administered as stan
dard
therap
yTinospora
Azadirachta indica
Mice with
Infected
mice were prophy
lactically admin-
Sohn
i YR e
t al Pr
ophy
lactic the
rapy
cordifolia
Boerhavia diffusa
septicem
ia from
istered postinfective
pr
einfective
of Salmonella typhi
septicemia
Picrorhiza kurrooa
Salmonella typhi
sing
le a
nd m
ultiple doses of ex
tract
in m
ice with a trad
itiona
llyTerminalia chebula
and had
a significant the
rapeu
tic
prescribe
d crude dru
g form
ulation
Tinospora cordifolia
effect in reduc
ing septicemia
JEthno
pha
rm 199
545
141
ndash147
Trichosanthes dioica
Zingiber officinale
Extracted
in 80
aq
ueo
us alcoho
l etha
nol
1 stock
solution
used
to prepa
re dilu
tion
sOral or subc
utane
ous
administration
Tinospora
Alcoh
olic extracts of the
Rats
In rat brains Tinospora cordifolia
was
Sarm
a DNK et al Effect of Tinospora
cordifolia
roots of Tinospora
found
to po
ssess no
rmalizing activity
cordifolia
on brain neu
rotran
smitters
cordifolia
against stress-ind
uced cha
nges in
in stressed rats Fitoterap
ia 199
5no
repinep
hrine dop
amine
66(5)4
21ndash4
22
5-hy
droxy
tryp
tamine an
d 5-
hydroxy
indolea
cetic acid lev
els
Tinospora
Tinospora cordifolia
Rats
Treatmen
t with Tinospora cordifolia
Nag
arka
tti DS et al Mod
ulation of
cordifolia
indicated
a significant impr
ovem
ent
Kup
ffer cell activity by Tinospora
in K
upffer cell func
tion
and
a trend
cordifolia
in liver dam
age J
towards no
rmalization
Postgrad M
ed 199
440
(2)6
5ndash67
Tinospora
Tinospora cordifolia
16Ran
dom
ized
Septicemia did not occur in the
Reg
e N e
t al Im
mun
othe
rapy with
cordifolia
mg
kg per day
orally
controlle
dtrea
ted group as op
posed
to 50
in
Tinospora cordifolia
a new
lea
d in
trial 30
with
the untreated
group Pos
toperative
the man
agem
ent of obs
tructive
maligna
ntsu
rvival rate was 40
versu
s 92
4
jaun
dice Ind
ian JG
astroe
nterol
obstru
ctive
in untreated
versu
s trea
ted group
199312(1)5ndash8
jaund
ice
resp
ective
ly Tinospora cordifolia
appe
ared
to im
prove
surgical outcom
eby
stren
gthe
ning
host de
fens
es
497
(continued)
Tinospora cordifolia
Aqu
eous alcoho
lic a
ndAllo
xan-diabe
tic
The
extract exe
rted
a significant
Wad
ood N
et al Effect of Tinospora
chloroform
extracts of
rabb
its
hypo
glyc
emic effect in normal and
cordifolia
on blood
gluco
se and
leav
es of Tinospora cordifolia
alloxa
n-treated rabb
its Tinospora
total lip
id lev
els of normal and
Dose 50 100
150
and
cordifolia
had an insu
lin-like action
alloxa
n-diabe
tic rabb
its Planta Med
200 mg
kg bod
y weigh
tan
d can
significantly decrease bloo
d19
9258(2)131
ndash136
glucose but no
t total lip
id lev
els in
norm
al and
allo
xan-trea
ted rab
bits
Tinospora cordifolia
1 caps
ule 3
3pe
r day
with
30 patients with
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
luke
warm w
ater
calculi on
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
composite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs o
n containing
Asparagus
kidne
ys ureters
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus 5
0 mg
blad
ders
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n 19
92
Bergenia ligulata
100
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
6(2)104
ndash108
mg Eclipta alba
100
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
mg Myristica fragrans
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
10 m
g Tinospora
grea
ter than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
cordifolia1
00 m
gTribulus terrestris50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gTinospora
cordifolia
Pretreatm
ent of m
ice
Mice
Pretreatmen
t with Tinospora cordifolia
Tha
tte UM et al Im
muno
therap
eutic
with Tinospora cordifolia
or gen
tamicin decreased
mortality
mod
ification of Escherichia coli
in m
ice injected
with E coli from
100
periton
itis and
bacteremia by
in con
trols to 178
and
111
resp
ec-
Tinospora cordifolia
JPostgrad
tive
ly Pr
etreatmen
t sign
ifican
tly im
prove
d
Med
199
238
(1)1
3ndash15
ba
cterial clearanc
e as w
ell as improve
dpha
gocytic an
d intracellular ba
ctericidal
capa
cities of ne
utrop
hils in Tinospora
cordifolia
treated group
Tinospora cordifolia
A decoc
tion
of the
14 cases of
All pa
tien
ts w
ere give
n the decoction
Sati R
B Sh
arma RK Man
agem
ent
follo
wing he
rbs
cong
estive
and Ugenic indica Pa
tien
ts w
ith
of con
gestive card
iac failu
re w
ith
Azadirachta indica
heart failu
reisch
emic hea
rt disease card
iomyo
pathy
certain Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
Boerhaavia diffusa
and cor pulm
onale were give
n pow
der
Aryav
aidya
n 19
904(2)1
23ndash126
Cedrus deodara
of Inula racemosa
while patients with
Picrorhiza kurrooa
rheu
matic hea
rt disease w
ere give
nTerminalia chebula
Commiphora mukulAfter 2 w
eeks
Tinospora cordifolia
of treatmen
t all 10
patients were cu
red
498
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Trichosantes lobata
completely 2
had
bradyc
ardia a
ndInula racemosa2 g 8
2 were refractory
hourly Commiphora
mukul1
2 g 8
hourly Urgenic indica
100 mg 8 hou
rly
Tinospora cordifolia
Water extract of
Rats
The
extract impr
oved
cellular im
mune
Reg
e NN e
t al Mod
ulation of
Tinospora cordifolia
func
tion
s M
ortality rate following
immuno
supp
ression in obs
truc
-100 mg
kg for 7 day
sE coliinfection was red
uced
The
study
tive
jaund
ice by
Tinospora cordifolia
sh
owed
cho
lestasis resulted in im
muno
-Indian J Med
Res 198
990
478
ndash483
su
ppression an
d ind
icated
a need for
an immuno
mod
ulator to m
anag
e ob
stru
ctive jaund
ice
Tinospora cordifolia
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
Whe
n co
mpared
to co
ntrol grou
ps
Tha
tte UM Dah
anuka
r SA
Com
par-
Tinospora cordifolia
all four
dru
gs preve
nted
to va
rying
ative study of immuno
mod
ulating
gluc
an and
lithium
for
deg
rees leu
cope
nia Both indigen
ous
activity of Indian
med
icinal plants
15 day
splants were po
tent immuno
stim
ulants
lithium carbo
nate and
glucan
with effects co
mpa
rable to lithium
Metho
ds Find
Exp
Clin
Pha
rmacol
and glucan
1988
10(10
)639
ndash644
Tinospora cordifolia
Various ex
tracts of
Rats an
d rab
bits
Oral ad
ministration of alcoh
olic
Gupta SS
et al Anti-diabe
tic effects
Tinospora cordifolia
extracts cau
sed a decrease in fasting
of Tinospora cordifolia
Part I Effect
bloo
d sug
ar in rabb
its an
d rats D
aily
on fasting
blood
suga
r leve
l ad
ministration increa
sed the gluco
segluco
se toleran
ce and
adrena
line
toleranc
e in albino rats
induc
ed hyp
erglyc
aemia Ind
ian J
Med
Res 196
755
(7)7
33ndash7
45
Tribulus terrestris
LTribulus terrestris
Mice
Tribulus terrestris
polys
acch
arides had
Liu Q
et al A study of the
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
polysaccha
rides
no m
utag
enic effect on
mice but
protective effects of Tribulus
Gok
shura
protected
chrom
osom
e an
d D
NA
terrestris
polysaccha
ride on
Small caltrops
from
ind
uced
dam
age
gene
tic dam
age Z
hong
guZho
ngya
o Zaz
hi-C
hina
JChine
seMater M
ed 199
520
(7)4
27ndash4
29 44
9Tribulus terrestris
Aqu
eous extract of
Male rats
Metab
olism of ox
alate was studied
Sa
ngeeta D
et al Effect of Tribulus
Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus terrestris
administration
terrestris
on oxa
late m
etab
olism in
produced a significant decrease in
rats J
Ethno
pha
rm 199
444(2)
urina
ry oxa
late excretion
and
a61
ndash66
sign
ifican
t increase in urina
ryglyo
xylate excretion
com
pared to
sodium glyco
late fed
animals
Tribulus terrestris
Ethan
olic extract of fruits
Albino rats
Tribulus terrestris
show
ed significant
Ana
nd R
et al Activity of certain
of Tribulus terrestris
dose-dep
enden
t protection ag
ains
tfraction
s of Tribulus terrestris
fruits
uroliths
ind
uced
by glass be
adag
ains
t ex
perimen
tally
ind
uced
implantation in albino rats
urolithiasis in rats Ind
ian JE
xpBiol 19
9432(8)548
ndash552
499
(continued)
Tribulus terrestris
1 caps
ule 3
3pe
r day
30 patients with
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation
with luke
warm w
ater
calculi on
kidne
ys
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also in
of com
posite Ayu
rved
ic dru
gs
containing
Asparagus
ureters or
slow
ly disintegrating bo
th calcium
-on
calcu
li in the kidne
y an
d
racemosus5
0 mg
blad
ders
oxalate an
d calcium carbo
nate
the urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
crystals in a sp
an of 72
hou
rs and
1992
6(2)1
04ndash1
08
mg Eclipta alba
100
complete disch
arging
of crystals
mg Myristica fragrans
within 15
ndash30 day
s C
omplete
10 m
g Tinospora
disch
arge
occur
red in grea
ter than
cordifolia 1
00 m
g80
of the pa
tien
ts
Tribulus terrestris 50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gTribulus terrestris
Dried
plant m
aterial of
Pregn
ant ew
es
The
inc
iden
ce of fetal brea
thing
Walke
r D e
t al So
me effects of
Tribulus terrestris
and the
ir
mov
emen
ts w
as significantly red
uced
feed
ing Tribulus terrestris Ipomoea
Ipomoea lonchophylla
fetuses
and did not sho
w a normal day
-night
Ionchophylla and
the
seed of
and Abelmoschus
variation in treated
groups
com
pared
Abelmoschus ficulneus
on fetal
ficulneus
to con
trols R
esults ind
icated
plants
dev
elop
men
t an
d the
outco
me of
may
con
tain sub
stan
ces that affect
pregn
ancy in sh
eep R
eproduc
func
tion
al dev
elop
men
t of fetal brain
Fertility D
ev 19924(2)135
ndash144
Altho
ugh inge
stion did not appe
ar to
affect the
outco
me of pregn
ancy
Tribulus terrestris
Sapo
nin of Tribulus
Con
trolled clin
ical
The
total efficacious
rate of rem
ission
Wan
g B e
t al 40
6 cases of ang
ina
terrestris
trial 40
6 cases
angina
pectoris was 823
It was
pectoris in coron
ary he
art disease
angina
pectoris
high
er tha
n the control grou
p with a
trea
ted w
ith sapon
in of Tribulus
67 treated
as
sign
ifican
t total effective rate (TER) of
terrestris
[Chine
se] Chu
ng H
si
controls
672 The
TER of ECG improve
men
t Chieh
Ho Tsa C
hih 19
901085
ndash87
(527
) was eve
n high
er tha
n that of
the co
ntrol grou
p (358
)Tribulus terrestris
Extract of the fruits of
Ana
esthetized
Ether extract produced diuresis an
dSing
h RCP Sisod
ia C
S Effect of
Tribulus terrestris
dog
sincrea
sed creatinine rena
l clearanc
eTribulus terrestris
fruit extracts on
that sugg
ests an increa
sed glomerular
chloride an
d creatinine rena
l filtration
rate The
aqu
eous
extract of
clearanc
es in dog
s Ind
ian JP
hysiol
the fruits produced no sign
ifican
tPha
rmacol 197
115
93ndash
96
effect
500
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Trigonella foenum-
Isoc
aloric diets w
itho
ut
Con
trolled clin
ical
Inge
stion of fen
ugreek
seed pow
der
Sharma RD e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic
graecum
L
and w
ith fenu
greek for 7
trial 60
resu
lted
in a sign
ifican
t reduction of
effect of fenu
greek seed
sA
LEGUMIN
OSA
Ean
d 24 weeks D
ose 25
gNID
DM
total ch
olesterol LDL VLDL and
chronic stud
y in non
-ins
ulin
Med
hika
fenu
greek seed
pow
der
subjects
triglyceride leve
ls T
he results
dep
enden
t diabe
tic pa
tien
ts P
hyto-
Fenu
greek
indicated
the
ben
eficial effect of
therap
y Res 199
610
332
ndash334
fenu
greek seed
s in diabe
tic su
bjects
Trigonella foenum-
Rats fed for 8 w
eeks the
Rat
Com
mon
spices or their active
Platel K
Srinivasan
K Influen
ce of
graecum
follo
wing plants
princ
iples were ex
amined
for the
irdietary spices or the
ir active
Brassica sp
ecies
possible influe
nce on
the
digestive
princ
iples on
digestive
enz
ymes of
Capsicum annum
en
zymes of intestinal m
uco
sa D
ietary
small intestinal m
ucosa in rats Int
Cum
inum
cyminum
cu
rcumin capsaicin p
iperine an
dJ Fo
od Sci N
utr 199
547
(1)5
5ndash59
Curcuma longa Ferula
Zingiber officinalepr
ominen
tly
foetida Piper longum
enha
nced
intestina
l lip
ase activity and
Piper nigrum
also the
disacch
aridases sucrase an
dTrigonella foenum-
maltase D
ietary Cum
inum
cyminum
graecum Zingiber
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Brassica
officinale
species an
d Ferula foetidabrou
ght
abou
t decreases in the leve
ls of
pho
spha
tases an
d sucrase The
positive influe
nces of a go
od numbe
rof spices on term
inal enz
ymes of the
digestive
process cou
ld be an
additiona
l feature of sp
ecies that are
gene
rally
well reco
gnized
to stim
ulate
digestion
Trigonella foenum-
Extract of at lea
st 90
Normal and
The
se sap
onins sign
ifican
tly en
hanc
ed
Petit PR
et al Steroid sap
onins from
graecum
of steroid sap
onins from
diabe
tic rats
food
con
sumption
and
motivation to
fenu
greek seed
s Extraction pur
ifica-
the seed
of Trigonella
eat an
d red
uced
plasm
a ch
olesterol
tion and
pha
rmacolog
ical inv
estig
a-foenum
-graecum
125
leve
l in rats
tion
on feed
ing be
havior and
mg
d per 300 g w
eigh
tplasm
a ch
olesterol Steroids 19
95
60(10)674
ndash680
Trigonella foenum-
Pow
der of Trigonella
Normal and
The
extract and
residue
had
significant
Ali L e
t al Cha
racterization of the
graecum
foenum
graecum
seed
sdiabe
tic
hypo
glyc
emic effects w
hen fed sim
ul-
hypo
glyc
emic effects of Trigonella
metha
nol ex
tract an
dmod
el rats
tane
ously with gluc
ose
foenum
graecum
seed
Planta Med
residue remaining
after
1995
61(4)358
ndash360
metha
nol ex
traction
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek seed
sNormal and
Both unroa
sted
and
roa
sted
forms
Kho
lsa P e
t al E
ffect of Trigonella
graecum
unroasted and
roa
sted
alloxa
n-produced a significant red
uction in
foenum
graecum
(Fe
nugreek) on
powdered
seeds
indu
ced
total ch
olesterol triglyceride LDL an
dseru
m lipids in normal and
diabe
tic
low-dose 2 gkg
diabe
tic rats
VLDL in no
rmal rats decreased
the
irrats Ind
ian J Pha
rmacol 199
527
(2)
high
-dose 8 gkg
raised
lev
els and
inc
reased
HDL in
89ndash9
3diabe
tic rats
Trigonella foenum-
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Normal and
A significant dos
e-related decrease in
Kho
lsa P e
t al E
ffect of Trigonella
graecum
administered at 2 an
dalloxa
n-bloo
d gluco
se both in the
normal as
foenum
graecum
(Fe
nugreek) on
8 g
kg dose orally
indu
ced
well as diabe
tic rats a
nd an
bloo
d gluco
se in no
rmal and
diabe
tic rats
hypo
glyc
emic effect was observe
d
diabe
tic rats Ind
ian J Phy
siol
Pha
rmacol 199
539
(2)1
73ndash1
74
501
(continued)
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek seed
extract
Male W
istar rats
The
results sh
owed
lon
g-term
oral
Petit P e
t al E
ffects of a fenu
greek
graecum
administered orally
10
administration of fen
ugreek ex
tract
seed
extract on feed
ing be
haviou
r an
d 100
mg
day per 300
sign
ifican
tly increased foo
d intake
in the
rat Metab
olic end
ocrine
g weigh
tan
d the
motivation to eat T
he extract
correlates P
harm
acol Bioch
em
also ind
uced hyp
erinsu
linem
ia and
Beh
av 199
345
(2)3
69ndash3
74
hypoc
holesterolem
ia
Trigonella foenum-
Ethan
olic extract from
Hyp
erch
ol-
Red
uction
s in plasm
a ch
olesterol
Stark A Mad
ar Z
The
effect of
graecum
defatted fen
ugreek
esterolemic
leve
ls ran
ged from 18
ndash26
and
aan
ethan
ol extract derived
from
seed
s 30 or 50 g
rats
tend
ency
for low
er con
centration
s of
fenu
greek (Trigonella foenum-
etha
nolic
extractkg
for
liver cho
lesterol w
as observe
d
graecum) on
bile
acid absorption
a 4-week period
and cho
lesterol lev
els in rats
Br J Nutr 199
369
(1)2
77ndash2
87
Trigonella foenum-
100 g deb
ittered fen
ugreek
Clin
ical study 10
Inge
stion resu
lted
in a sign
ifican
tSh
arma RD e
t al Hyp
olipidae
mic
graecum
powder for 20 day
shy
perlipidem
icdecrease in the
serum total cho
les-
effect of fenu
greek seed
s
terol LDL V
LDL an
d triglyc
eride
A clin
ical study Phy
tother R
es
leve
ls HDL lev
els were no
t altered
19915145
ndash147
bu
t the ratio with total ch
olesterol an
dLDL and
VLDL w
ere sign
ifican
tly
increa
sed
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek seed
pow
der
Ran
dom
ized
The
fen
ugreek diet sign
ifican
tly
Sharma RD e
t al Effect of fen
ugreek
graecum
(100
g) In 2 eq
ual doses
controlle
ddecreased
fasting
blood
sug
ar and
seed
s on
blood
gluco
se and
at lun
ch and
dinne
r for
trial 10
improve
d the
gluco
se toleran
ce test
seru
m lipids in typ
e I diabe
tes
10 day
sinsu
lin-
Seru
m total cho
lesterol LDL and
Eur JC
lin N
utr 199
044
(4)3
01ndash3
06
dep
enden
tVLDL and
triglyc
erides w
ere also
(typ
e I)
sign
ifican
tly reduced
diabe
tics
Trigonella foenum-
Brassica Cinnamomum
Rats
The
se plants ge
nerally
stimulated
Samba
iah K S
riniva
san K Influen
ce
graecum
zeylanicum
Cum
inum
liver m
icrosomal cytoc
hrom
e P45
0-of spices and
spice princ
iples on
cyminum
Ferula
dep
enden
t aryl hyd
roxy
lase
hepatic m
ixed
func
tion
oxy
gena
se
foetida Tamarindus
Cum
inum
cyminum
Zingiber
system
in rats Ind
ian JB
ioch
em
indica Trigonella
officinale
and Trigonella foenum-
Bioph
ys 198
926
(4)2
54ndash2
58
foenum
-graecum
graecum
also stimulated
the
lev
els of
Zingiber officinale
cytoch
rome P45
0 an
d b5 Cum
inum
cyminum
and Tamarindus indica
stim
ulated N
-dem
ethy
lase activity
502
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Trigonella foenum-
Trigonella foenum-
Male rats
Daily oral trea
tmen
t with Trigonella
Ahs
an SK et al Effect of Trigonella
graecum
graecum
seed
for 4
foenum
-graecum
sign
ifican
tly decreased
foenum
-graecum
and Ammi majus
on
weeks
the qu
antity of calcium oxa
late dep
osited
calcium oxa
late urolithiasis in rats
in the
kidne
ys thu
s su
pporting
its use
JEthno
pharmacol 198926
(3)2
49ndash254
in Sau
di folk m
edicine
Trigonella foenum-
Twelve
plants used for
Mice
Of the 12
plants Agaricus
Swan
ston
-Flatt SK et al Glycaem
ic
graecum
the trad
itiona
l treatm
ent
bisporus
and Ilex guayusash
owed
effects of traditiona
l Eur
opea
n of diabe
tes ad
ministered
poten
tial antidiabe
tic effect
plant treatmen
ts for diabe
tes
as decoc
tion
s or
Stud
ies in normal and
strep
tozo
tocin
infusion
s for 28
day
sdiabe
tic mice D
iabe
tes Res 198
9Agaricus bisporus
10(2)6
9ndash73
Anacardium
occidentale Arctum
lappa Catharanthus
roseus D
aucus carota
Hum
ulus lupulus Ilex
guayusa Salvia
officinale Sambucus
nigra Taraxacum
officinale Trigonella
foenum
-graecum
Urtica
dioica
Trigonella foenum-
Pow
dered
fen
ugreek
Con
trolled clinical
Powdered
fen
ugreek seed
significantly
Mad
ar Z
et al G
luco
se-low
ering
graecum
seed
(15
g) so
aked
in
trial 21
decreased
subseq
uen
t po
stprand
ial
effect of fenu
greek in non
-ins
ulin
water
individuals
gluco
se lev
els The
plasm
a insu
lin
dep
enden
t diabe
tics Eur
JClin
with no
n-also ten
ded
to be
decreased
in
Nutr 198
842
51ndash
54
insu
linNID
DM but witho
ut a statistical
dep
enden
tdifferenc
e Fen
ugreek ha
d no
Diabetes
effect on lip
id lev
els 3 ho
urs after
mellitus
the mea
l toleranc
e test
(NID
DM)
Trigonella foenum-
Subfraction ldquoardquo co
ntains
Allo
xan-diabe
tic
Whe
n the ex
tract was added
to insu
linRibes G
et al Antidiabe
tic effects of
graecum
the testa end
osperm
dog
strea
tmen
t it resulted in a clear
subfractions
from fen
ugreek
in
and fibers of Trigonella
decrease of hyp
erglyc
emia and
diabe
tic dog
s Proc So
c Ex
p Biol
foenum
-graecum
glyc
osuria accom
panied
by a decrease
Med
198
618
2(2)159
ndash166
of the
high plasma gluc
agon
and
somatostatin leve
ls
Trigonella foenum-
Fenu
greek
30 rats
Addition of fen
ugreek seed
s during
Mital N
Gop
aldas T E
ffect of
graecum
pregn
ancy
and
lactation
did not hav
efenu
greek (Trigonella foenum
any be
neficial effect on
growth of
graecum) seed
based
diets on
pup
s ov
er and
abo
ve tha
t seen
in
the lactationa
l pe
rforman
ce in
control grou
ps
albino
rats N
utr R
eports Int 198
633
(3)4
77ndash4
84
Trigonella foenum-
Defatted fractions
of
Dog
sThe
fraction decreased
the
basal
Ribes G
et al Effects of fenu
greek
graecum
fenu
greek seed
sbloo
d gluco
se lev
el plasma glucago
nseed
s on
end
ocrine
pan
crea
tic
somatostatin leve
ls a
nd decreased
the
secretions
in dog
s A
nn Nutr
orally ind
uced
hyp
erglyc
emia
Metab
198
428
(1)3
7ndash43
503
(continued)
Trigonella foenum-
Fraction
s of fen
ugreek
Dog
sAddition of fen
ugreek
fraction to the
Valette G
et al Hyp
ocho
lesteroa
emic
graecum
seed
food
of diabe
tic hy
percho
lesterolem
iceffect of fenu
greek seed
s in dog
sdog
s caused a significant decrease in
Atherlosclerosis 19
8450(1)105
ndash111
ch
olesterolemia an
d a decrease in
hyperglyc
emia The
defatted portion
of fen
ugreek
seed ind
uced an
hypoc
holesterolem
ic effect
Trigonella foenum-
Stem
s leave
s an
d seeds
Normal a
lloxa
n-
Trigo
nella
acetone
extract appe
ared
to
Gha
fgha
zi T e
t al Antag
onism of
graecum
of Trigonella foenum-
and cad
mium-
act at the
cellular leve
l to produ
ce its
cadm
ium and
allo
xan-indu
ced
graecum
were extracted
trea
ted rats
hypog
lycemic effects on no
rmal rats
hype
rglycemia in rats by Trigonella
for 3 day
s with water
or tho
se treated
with cadmium or
foenum
graecum
Pah
lavi M
ed J
aceton
e and
by soxh
let
alloxa
n19
778(1)1
4ndash25
70degC
Valeriana
450 or 900
mg of an
Ran
dom
dou
ble-
The
re w
as a significant decrease in
Leathw
ood PD C
hauffard F A
queo
usjatamansi
Jone
saq
ueou
s ex
tract of
blind study
sleep laten
cy w
ith 45
0 mg va
lerian
extract of valerian reduces latenc
y VALERIA
NACEAE
valerian
roo
tvo
lunteers
compa
red to placebo
The
highe
r dose
to fall asleep
in man
Planta Med
Indian squill
with mild
of valerian pr
oduced no
furthe
r19
852144
ndash148
Tag
ara
insomnia
improve
men
t in sleep
laten
cy
Indian va
lerian
Valeriana
jatamansi
Valeren
ic acid isolated
Mice
The
extract affected rotarod
and
Hen
driks
H e
t al C
entral nervo
us
from
Valeriana
traction
perform
ance of mice simila
rdep
ressan
t activity of va
lerenic
officinalis
to the
effect of pen
toba
rbital w
ith
acid in the mou
se P
lanta Med
Dose at IP01 mL per 20 g
chlorp
romaz
ine an
d diaze
pam
as
1985
128ndash
31
body weigh
treferenc
e su
bstanc
es It w
as con
-co
ncluded
tha
t va
lerenic acid had
specific
central ne
rvou
s dep
ressan
t properties
Valeriana
jatamansi
Aqu
eous
extract (450
Hum
an trial
Both dos
es red
uced pe
rceive
d sleep
Balderer G
Borbe
ly A
A Effect of
and 900 mg) of va
lerian
18 hea
lthy
latenc
y an
d w
ake time after sleep
valerian
on hu
man
sleep
root
subjects (10
onset In the
lab
only high
er doses
Psych
opha
rmacolog
y 19
8587
slep
t at hom
e
tested
no sign
ifican
t differenc
es from
406ndash
409
8 slep
t at
placebo
were ob
tained
Results
labo
ratory)
indicated
aqu
eous extract exerted
mild
hyp
notic action
504
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Valeriana
jatamansi
Decoc
tion
of Valeriana
Ran
dom
ized
Within 72
hou
rs cessation
of diarrhe
aChe
n S et al Infantile
rotav
irus
jatamansi G
roup A
trial 74
with
in groups
A B
C were 73
9 4
167
enteritis trea
ted w
ith he
rbal
treated w
ith Valeriana
rotaviru
san
d 5625
r
espe
ctively R
etur
n to
Valeriana jatamansi
(VJ) J
Trad
jatamansi g
roup B
enteritis (und
er
norm
al tem
perature w
as 9064
60
Chin Med
198
44(4)297
ndash300
co
ntrol with vitamins
2 ye
ars)
and 9230
r
espe
ctively sugg
esting
grou
p C stand
ard
antipyretic effect of Valeriana
allopa
thic treatmen
tjatamansi
Valeriana
jatamansi
Extract of va
lerian
roo
tDou
ble blind
Valerian pr
oduc
ed a significant
Cha
uffard F e
t al Detection
of
rand
omized
improve
men
t in sleep
qua
lity an
d the
mild
sed
ative effectsva
lerian
trial 12
8effect w
as m
ost marke
d in poo
ran
d sleep
in man
Exp
erientia
volunteers
sleepers smok
ers an
d hab
itua
l co
ffee
19813762
2drink
ers In co
ntrast sleep laten
cy
nigh
t aw
aken
ings
dream
recall an
dso
mno
lenc
e ne
xt day
were relative
lyuna
ffected
Vanda roxburghii
Glyco
side crys
tals
Rats
Vanda roxburghiiha
d no effect on
Prasad
DN A
chari G A study
R Br
obtained
from roo
ts of
acute reaction
following form
alde-
of anti-arthritic action
of Vanda
ORCHID
ACEAE
Vandra roxburghii
hyde injection bu
t effectively pr
e-roxburghiiin albino rats J
Rasna
Dose of 20 mg
kgve
nted
dev
elop
men
t of secon
dary
Indian Med
Assoc
196
646
(5)
Rasna
proliferative ch
ange
s in the
ank
le23
4ndash23
9joint an
d other small joints
Viola odorata
L
Hex
ane chloroform and
Rab
bits
Sign
ifican
t oral antipyretic activity
Kha
ttak
SG et al Antipyretic studies
VIO
LACEAE
water-solub
le extracts of
was exh
ibited
by ex
tracts of Artemisia
on som
e indigen
ous Pa
kistan
i Ban
aphs
haArtemisia absinthium
absinthium
Viola odorata Melia
med
icinal plants JEthno
pha
rmW
ild violet
Viola odorata M
elia
azadirachta
and Fum
aria parviflora
198514(1)45ndash
51
azadirachta
and
compa
rable to asp
irin N
o ob
viou
sFumaria parviflora
toxic effects were no
ted for any
plant
extracts
Vitis vinifera
L
D-glucaric acid dietary
Rats
The
D-glucarates reduced total serum
Walaszek Z et al
D-glucaric acid
VITACEAE
sources inc
lude grap
esch
olesterol in rats by
up to 14
conten
t of various
fru
its an
d
Draksha
and lettuce for exa
mple
(p
005
) an
d low
ered
LDL by up to
vege
tables and
cho
lesterol-low
ering
Grape
s35
(p
005
) bu
t ha
d no effect on
effects of dietary D-glucarate in the
HDL
rat Nutr Res 199
616(4)6
73ndash6
81
Vitis vinifera
Vitis vinifera
seed
sRats
The
extract inh
ibited
the
carrage
en-
Zafirov
D e
t al A
ntiexu
dative
and
pu
rified
and
enriche
dinduced hind paw
edem
a The
secapilla
ritonic effects of procy
ani-
fraction
Procy
anidines
compo
unds also inh
ibited
the
dex
tran
-dines isolated from grape seed
dose 2 mg
kg for 3
3induced edem
a 4 ho
urs after the
(Vitis vinifera) Acta Phy
siol
per day
for 6 day
sdev
elop
men
t of the
process
Pha
rmacol Bulg 199
016
(3)5
0ndash54
Withania
Aqu
eous
susp
ension
of
Stress-ind
uced
Simultane
ous oral administration of
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of ash
wag
andha
somnifera
(L)
root extract of 10
0rabb
its an
dWithania somnifera
preve
nted
the
rise
on lipid perox
idation in stress-
Duna
lmg
kg Withania
mice
in lipid perox
idation in rab
bits and
induced animals J Ethno
-SO
LANACEA
Esomnifera
mice
pha
rm 199
860
173
ndash178
Ashwag
andha
Winter ch
erry
505
(continued)
Withania somnifera
Asparagus racemosus
Mice
All plan
ts significantly inh
ibited
the
Dhu
ley JN
Effect of som
e Indian
Picrorhiza kurrooa
carcinog
en och
ratoxin-induced
herbs on
macroph
age
Tinospora cordifolia
supp
ression of che
motactic activity
func
tion
s in och
ratoxin A treated
Withania somnifera
and the
produc
tion
of interleu
kin-1
mice J Ethno
pha
rm 199
758
an
d TNF-
aby
macroph
ages
15ndash2
0Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
root
Mice
The
extract atten
uated the
dev
elop
men
t of
Kulkarni SK N
inan
I Inhibition
of
extract
toleranc
e to the
ana
lgesic effect of
morph
ine toleranc
e an
d
morph
ine A
lso up
pressed m
orphine
-dep
enden
ce by Withania somnifera
swithd
rawal ju
mps a sign of dep
enden
cein m
ice J Ethno
pha
rm 199757
(3)
to opiate
213ndash
217
Withania somnifera
Eclipta alba Ocimum
Hyp
erglye
mic
The
herba
l form
ulation ha
d little
Bha
ttacha
rya SK
et al Effect of
sanctum Picrorhiza
rats
effect on bloo
d suga
r co
ncen
trations
Trasina
an
Ayu
rved
ic herba
l kurrooa Tinospora
but doses ind
uced
a dose-related
form
ulation
on pan
crea
tic islet
cordifolia W
ithania
decrease in STZ hyp
erglyc
emia and
supe
roxide dismutase activity in
somniferaD
oses 100
attenu
ation of STZ ind
uced
a decrease
hype
rglycaem
ic rats Ind
ian J
200 mg
kg PO 1
3in islet supe
roxide dism
utase activity in
Exp
Biol 19
9735(3)297
ndash299
pe
r day
for 28 day
seu
glyc
aemic rats
Withania somnifera
75 m
etha
nolic
extract
Mice
The
extract w
as fou
nd to sign
ifican
tly
Kuttan
G Use of Withania somnifera
of Withania somnifera
decrease total white blood
cell co
unt
L Dun
al as an
adjuva
nt during
an
d red
uce leu
copen
ia ind
uced by
radiation
the
rapy Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
subletha
l do
ses of gam
ma radiation
19
9634(9)854
ndash856
Withania somnifera
Roo
ts of Withania
Mice
A significant m
odulation of immun
eZiauddin M
et al Studies on the
somnifera
reactivity w
as observe
d as was
immuno
mod
ulatory effects of
immuno
stim
ulatory activity
Ashwag
andh
a J Ethn
opha
rm19
9650(2)69ndash
76
Withania somnifera
Witha
ferin A a
steroidal
Mice
Witha
ferin A w
as effective
in inhibiting
Sh
arad
a AC et al Antitumor and
lacton
e from
Withania
grow
th of Ehrlic
h ascites tumor in
radiosens
itizing effects of w
itha
-somnifera
mou
se
ferin A on mou
se Ehr
lich ascites
carcinom
a in vivo A
cta Onc
ol
1996
35(1)95ndash
100
Withania somnifera
Witha
ferin A a
steroidal
Mice
Witha
ferin A inh
ibited
tum
or growth
Dev
i PU e
t al In vivo grow
th
lacton
e from
Withania
and inc
reased
tum
or free su
rvival in a
inhibitory and
rad
iosens
itizing
somnifera
dose-dep
enden
t man
ner
effects of w
itha
ferin A on mou
se
Ehr
lich ascites carcinom
a C
ancer
Lett 19
9595(1ndash
2)189
ndash193
506
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
Withania somnifera
Aqu
eous extract of
Mice
Withania somnifera
show
ed significant
Grand
hi A
et al A
com
parative
powdered
roo
t of
antistress activity an
d significant
pha
rmacolog
ical inv
estiga
tion
of
Withania somnifera
anab
olic activity
Ash
wag
andha
and
Ginseng
JE
thno
pha
rm 199
444
131
ndash135
Withania somnifera
Alcoh
ol extract from
Mice an
d rats
LD
50calculated
as 12
60 m
gkg
bod
ySh
arad
a AC e
t al Tox
icity of
roots of Withania
weigh
t for 30
day
s resu
lted
in no
Withania somnifera
root extracts in
somnifera
mortality or cha
nges in pe
riph
eral
rats and
mice Int J Pha
rmacog
bloo
d con
stituen
ts
1993
31(3)205
ndash212
Withania somnifera
Alcoh
olic roo
t ex
tract of
Mice
The
extract had
a tumor inh
ibiting
Dev
i PU
et al Antitumor and
Withania somnifera
effect a
cted
as a radiosens
itizer a
ndradiosens
itizing effects of Withania
heat enh
anced the
se effects
somnifera
(Ash
wag
andha
) on
a
tran
splantab
le m
ouse tum
or
Sarcom
a 18
0 Ind
ian JE
xp Biol
1993
3160
7ndash61
1Withania somnifera
1 capsu
le 3
3pe
r day
30 patients
The
herba
l co
mbina
tion
was fou
nd to
Karnick
CR Clin
ical eva
luation of
with luke
warm w
ater
with calculi
alleviate no
t on
ly pain bu
t also slowly
composite Ayu
rved
ic d
rugs
on
containing
Asparagus
on kidne
ys
disintegrated
both calcium-oxa
late
calculi in the kidne
y an
d the
racemosus5
0 mg
ureters or
and calcium
carbo
nate crystals in a
urina
ry bladder A
ryav
aidya
n Bergenia ligulata
100
blad
ders
span
of 72
hou
rs and
com
plete
6(2)199
210
4ndash10
8mg Eclipta alba
100
disch
arging
of crys
tals w
ithin 15
ndash30
mg Myristica fragrans
day
s C
omplete disch
arge
occurred
in
10 m
g Tinospora
greater than
80
of the pa
tien
ts
cordifolia
100
mg
Tribulus terrestris50
mg Withania somnifera
50 m
gWithania somnifera
Metha
nolic
fraction of
Rats
Anti-inflam
matory activity retaine
d in
Al-H
inda
wi MK e
t al A
nti-g
ranu
loma
aerial parts of Withania
the ex
tract an
d w
as com
parab
le to that
activity of Iraq
i Withania somnifera
somnifera
of a 5 m
gkg
dos
e of hyd
roco
rtison
eJ Ethno
pha
rm 199
237
113
ndash116
so
dium succinate
Withania somnifera
Witha
ferin A
Rats
Treatmen
t with W
itha
ferin A aga
inst
Sudhir S Bud
hiraja R
D Com
parison
CCl4 ind
uced
hep
atotox
icity
of the
protective effect of With
afferin
possessed
significant protective
lsquoArsquo an
d hyd
roco
rtison
e ag
ains
t effect W
itha
ferin A w
as sho
wn to be
CCL4 induc
ed hep
atox
icity in rats
as effective
as hy
droco
rtison
e dose
Indian
JPhy
siol Pha
rmacol 199
2per dos
e36
(2)1
27ndash1
29
Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Osteo
arthritis patients were rand
omly
Kulka
rni RR e
t al Treatmen
t of
450 mg Boswellia
placeb
o-allocated to receive the placebo
or the
osteoa
rthr
itis w
ith a he
rbal
serrataOleo gu
m resin
controlle
dhe
rbom
ineral formulation
Aform
ulation
A dou
ble-blind
100 mg Curcuma longa
trial 42
sign
ifican
t drop was noted
in the
placebo
-con
trolled c
ross-
rhizom
e 50
mg and
patien
tsseve
rity of pain (p
000
1) and
over study JEthno
pharm
zinc
com
plex 50 mg
disab
ility sco
re (p
005
)19
9133(1ndash
2)91ndash
95
507
(continued)
Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
root
Dou
ble-blind
Withania somnifera
was supe
rior in
Karnick
CR A dou
ble-blind placebo
-po
wder extract D
ose
placeb
o-effect to gins
eng root pow
der relative
controlle
d clin
ical study on
the
250 mg 23
per day
controlle
dto baseline perform
ance integrated
effects of Withania somnifera
La
nd
for 40 day
sclinical trial
sens
ory-motor func
tion
an
d au
ditory
Panax ginseng extracts on
psy
cho-
30 hea
lthy
reaction
Both Withania somnifera
motor perform
ance in he
althy
male an
dan
d Panax ginseng
grou
ps pe
rformed
Indian
volun
teers Ind
ian Med
females
statistically
better co
mpa
red to
1991
3(23)1
ndash5
placebo
in men
tal arithm
etic and
motor fun
ction
Withania somnifera
80 ethan
olic extract of
Rats with
Results sho
wed
tha
t the plants possessed
Al-Hindaw
i MK e
t al Anti-inflam
-Achillea santolina
carrag
eena
n-va
rying deg
rees of an
tiinflam
matory
matory activity of so
me Iraq
i Apium
graveolens
indu
ced
activity in the follo
wing descend
ing
plants using
intact rats J
Matricaria chamomilla
paw edem
aorder Withania somnifera Apium
Ethno
pha
rm 198
926
(2)1
63ndash1
68
Myrtus communis
graveolens Achillea santolina Matricaria
Withania somnifera
and
chamomilla Myrtus communis
acetylsalic
ylic acid used
as stand
ard dru
gWithania somnifera
Thr
ee plants lack
ing
Feed
ing trials
All plan
ts produc
ed hep
atic lesions
Arseculeratne et al S
tudies of
pyrrolizidine alka
loids
in rats
that inc
luded
cen
tral vein
med
icinal plants of Sri Lan
ka
Aegle marmelos
abno
rmalities Terminalia chebula
Part 14
Tox
icity of som
eHemidesmus indicus
and Withania somnifera
produced
trad
itiona
l med
icinal herbs J
Terminalia chebula
marke
d ren
al lesions
Ethno
pha
rm 198
513
(3)3
23ndash3
35
Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera
Pow
dered
dried
roo
t of
Human
trial
The
extract w
as effective
in a nu
mbe
rBector NP e
t al R
ole of Withania
Withania somnifera
63 patients
of acu
te rhe
umatoid arthritis cases
somnifera
L (A
shwag
andha
) in
and in some with ch
ronic rheu
matoid
variou
s type
s of arthr
opathies
arthritis with acute exa
cerbations
Ind JM
ed R
es 1
96856(10)158
1ndash15
83
TPA tissu
e plasm
inog
en activator H
MG C
oA h
ydroxy
methy
l glutaryl coen
zyme A U
SAN U
nited States Adop
ted N
ames IV intrav
enou
sly IP intraperiton
eally
ED
50 m
edian effective do
se P
GE2 prostag
land
in E
2 G
SH g
lutathione
CSF
AUC C
max L
D50 m
edian lethal dose bid twice daily tid thr
ee tim
es daily
508
TABLE2
PLANTSU
SED
INAYURVEDICPHARMACOPOEIA
(CONTrsquoD)
Genus species
family
Common name
(Sanskrit)
Common name
Plant part used
Design
(English)
preparation and dosage
and model
Results
References
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 509
KHAN AND BALICK510
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 511
KHAN AND BALICK512
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 513
KHAN AND BALICK514
THERAPEUTIC PLANTS OF AYURVEDA 515