The Symbolic Qualia

Ken Mogikenmogi@csl.sony.co.jp

@The Asada Humanoid Science Conf.

Mirror neurons

Gallese V., Fadiga L., Fogassi L., Rizzolatti G. (1996) Action recognition in the premotor cortex. Brain 119: 593-609.

Psychological Time and Space

Geldard, F.A., and Sherrick, C.E., 1972, "The Cutaneous 'rabbit': a perceptual illusion," Science, 178, pp.178-9.

100 ms in physicaltime~ a moment inpsychological time

physical and psychological time

physicaltime t

psychological timeτ

d τ = 0 d τ = 0

d τ = 0

d τ = 0

d τ = 0

d τ = 0

d τ = 0

(Synapτic) Inτeracτion Sim ulτaneiτy

Mogi, K. (1999)

compacτificaτion

qualia

TMSKamitani et al.

timeTMS

a ÇÇ ÇÉ

a ÇÇ ÇÉ

100ms

time

physicalstimulus

subjectiveexperience

temporal filling in

physical timet=0 t=50ms t=100ms

Conscious Percept

neural activities over 100 ms is mapped into a moment in psychological time

= =

V1(early vision)

V4(color)IT(form)

informationpropagation

psychological time

0 ms ÇTÇO ms ÇPÇOÇO ms

psychological time

consciouspercept

At a moment in physical time, there are neural activitiescorresponding to multiple moments in psychological time

physical time

0 ms ÇTÇO ms ÇPÇOÇO ms

psychological time

consciouspercept

physical time

intentionalsimultaneity

sensorysimultaneity

Two elements of psychological time

sensory simultaneity

intentional simultaneity

・ is described by synaptic interaction simultaneity・ compactifies spatio-temporarily distributed neuralactivities into sensory qualia.

・ complements sensory simultaneity in the formationof percepts・ gives rise to spatial structures in perception

The intentionaland sensory qualia

intentional qualia

of “a man walking”

sensory qualia of white dotsin a black background

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Sensory qualia; blacks and whites

Intentional qualia; a Dalmatian

Dallenbach’s cow

Sensory qualia; blacks and whites

Intentional qualia; a cow

Aha! Experience

Moony FaceVarela, F. et al. Nature 1999

shape, object

space, movementintentional qualia

prefrontal

parietal

inferio-temporal

Integration of senseand motor. Attentioncontrol. Self-awareness

intentional qualia

sensory qualia

visual qualianeural activitiesstarting from area V1

The Symbolic Mind.Or how our cognitiveprocesses “plug”into the symbolic

John Haugeland

AuthenticIntentionality

What does it take to “see” ?

What about Authentic Intentionality?

The Haugeland Thesis: In order to “see”, you need tohave a sense of social responsibility.

Cognition of one’s own mind and other’s mind

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Gallup, GG (1970). Chimpanzees: Self recognition. Science, 167, 86-87.

In the mirror test, mirror gazing time is maximum in thetransition period(social behavior to self-directed action)

gazing timeself-directedsocialtime passage

(Reportedly only humans, chimpanzees, Orang Utans,and dolphins pass the test)

Povinelli, D. J. & Eddy, T. J. (1996)What young chimpanzees know about seeing. Monographs of the Society for Researchon Child Development, No 247, Vol 61.

Do chimps knowthat others see?

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Chimpanzees exhibit social behavior to the mirror images because they can’t perceive intentional states in others?

Parrots and elephants can use the mirror tosee things otherwise invisible

Illustration by Eucaly Mogi

The False Belief Task

Sally Ann

time

NowOne Hour Agotake

Internal state differentfrom the present

The Photo Task Zaitchik, D. (1990). Cognition, 35, 41-68.

person Aperson B

person A

Sally Ann

one hour ago presenttimeInternal state differentfrom the present

presentone hour ago

The Challenge for Humanoid Science

The Challenge of Humanoid Science