THE ROMAN ARMYTHE ROMAN ARMY

750 B.C.E. TO 350 A.D.750 B.C.E. TO 350 A.D.

UNITSUNITS

■ LEGION (3,000-6,000 MEN LARGEST LEGION (3,000-6,000 MEN LARGEST UNITUNIT

■ COHORT(500 MEN 100B.C.E. TO 1 COHORT(500 MEN 100B.C.E. TO 1 A.D.)A.D.)

■ MANIPLE(400 MEN 350 B.C.E TO 100 MANIPLE(400 MEN 350 B.C.E TO 100 B.C.E)B.C.E)

■ CENTURY(100 MEN)CENTURY(100 MEN)

COMMANDERSCOMMANDERS

■ ARMY----- CONSULS OR DICTATORARMY----- CONSULS OR DICTATOROROR

PROCONSULS, PROPRAETORS, LATER PROCONSULS, PROPRAETORS, LATER APPOINTED GENERALSAPPOINTED GENERALS

■ 1000 MEN----TRIBUNE1000 MEN----TRIBUNE■ 100 MEN-----CENTURIAN100 MEN-----CENTURIAN

ROMAN LEGIONAIREROMAN LEGIONAIRE 750B.C.E-END PUNIC 750B.C.E-END PUNIC

WARWAR

MARIAN MILITARY MARIAN MILITARY REFORMREFORM

■ CHANGE TO MANIPULAR LEGIONCHANGE TO MANIPULAR LEGION■ SOLDIERS HAVE TO BE CITIZENSSOLDIERS HAVE TO BE CITIZENS■ SOLDIERS DO NOT HAVE TO OWN SOLDIERS DO NOT HAVE TO OWN

LANDLAND

MARIUS’ MULESMARIUS’ MULES

RESULTRESULTTROOPS MORE LOYAL TO GENERALS TROOPS MORE LOYAL TO GENERALS

THEN THE STATE AS THEIR REWARD THEN THE STATE AS THEIR REWARD FOR SERVICE DEPENDED ON THE FOR SERVICE DEPENDED ON THE GENERAL GENERAL

ROMAN LEGIONAIREROMAN LEGIONAIRE CAESAR- AUGUSTUS CAESAR- AUGUSTUS

ROMAN LEGIONAIRES ROMAN LEGIONAIRES

1 A.D. - 250 A,D,1 A.D. - 250 A,D,

WEAPONSWEAPONS

■ PILUM HEAVY SPEARPILUM HEAVY SPEAR■ PILUM LIGHT SPEARPILUM LIGHT SPEAR■ GLADIUS(SHORT SWORD)GLADIUS(SHORT SWORD)■ PUGIO(DAGGER)PUGIO(DAGGER)■ SHIELDSHIELD

ROMAN SPECIAL TROOPSROMAN SPECIAL TROOPSTHE TORTOISETHE TORTOISE

1. USED TO ATTACK CATAPULTS AND 1. USED TO ATTACK CATAPULTS AND OTHER ENEMY POSITIONSOTHER ENEMY POSITIONS

2. USED TO ATTACK ENEMY WALLS 2. USED TO ATTACK ENEMY WALLS AND GATESAND GATES

ROMAN LEGIONAIREROMAN LEGIONAIRE350 A.D350 A.D