Post on 21-Jan-2016
The Republican Influence
Section 8.2
Today’s Agenda
• Presentations (Day 10)
• 8.2 Slide Show
• Homework
• Read 8.2 over the next few days
• Quiz Friday on Section 8.1, Sacco and Vanzetti & 8.2
The Roaring Twenties
1919 1920 1924 1928 1929
-Treaty of Versailles-Red Scare
-Harding Elected-Normalcy
Stock Market Crashes
Cool Cal Elected
-Hoover Elected- Kellogg-Briand
Pact
-Dawes Plan saves Germany
Return of Laissez-Faire
Describe the personalities of the 20s Presidents.
HardingGood Looking
AffableGambler/
GolferPhilanderer“Normalcy” Laissez-Faire
CoolidgeShy
HonestThriftyLaconic
“Silent Cal”Laissez-Faire
HooverHardworking
Self-madeHonest
Sensitive“Wonder Boy”Laissez-Faire
What did Harding mean by a ‘return to normalcy?’
• Election of 1920 – a referendum on
progressivism (1912)
• Public exhausted:– War – Progressivism– Red Scare (1919)
• Harding promised “Normalcy”– things would go back to
normal (Good Old Days)
Who was the Ohio Gang?• Harding’s old
corrupt friends from Ohio
• AKA “The Poker Cabinet”
• Head of Veteran’s Bureau sold hospital supplies for personal profit
What was the Teapot Dome Scandal?• Albert Fall (Secretary
of Interior)
• Leased Government Oil Reserves (Teapot Dome, Wyoming) to friends for $$$
• 1st public official to go to prison
• “Everyone is assumed guilty until proved rich.”
What was Coolidge’s attitude toward business?• Laissez-faire policies
– “The business of America is business”
• Mississippi River Flood
– “The government is not an insurer of its citizens against the hazards of the elements.”
• Appointed business people to regulatory commissions
– ICC, FTC
• Appointed Supreme Court justices who were against progressive legislation
– Struck down 12 laws (including child labor law)
Who was Andrew Mellon?• Secretary of Treasury
• 3rd wealthiest man in US
• Cut govt. spending
• Trickle Down Economics
– Cut taxes on business and the rich
– Eventually poor will benefit
• Millionaire in 1926 paid less 33% less than 1921
Coolidge, Mellon, Hoover
Why was Hoover known as the Wonder Boy?
• Mining engineer
• Managed US Food Administration during WWI
• Belgian Relief Committee
• Secretary of Commerce
• Coolidge coined “Wonder Boy” to sneer at his popularity
How would you rate Hoover as a president (and as Sec. of Commerce) before 1929?
• Supported creation of Bureau of Standards
• Expanded government control of airlines, radio stations
• Organized Trade Associations (to limit destructive competition)
• Pushed for 8 hr. workday, child nutrition, conservation, pollution control
• Believed in volunteerism & free enterprise
What was the Dawes Plan?• Allies owe US $10
billion• Germany owed Allies
$33 Billion• Germany defaulted in
late 1922-1923• Charles G. Dawes
– Wealthy banker– US loaned Germany
$2.5 billion so they could pay Allies so Allies could pay US
• Averts war
What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)?
• International agreement that declared war illegal
• Signed by 14 nations
• Ridiculed as a “parchment peace”
• Washington Conference (Nov 1921)
– US, England, Japan, France, Italy agreed to limit navy
Conclusion
• What is normalcy?
• Was Harding a good president?
• Coolidge?
• Hoover?
• Where is our government on the political spectrum?