OUTLINEHistory of Periodic Table

Periodic Table Organization Period Group/Family Representative Elements Transition Elements Inner Transition Elements

Types of Elements Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLEBy the Mid-1800s, there were 65

known elements.

Scientists began to recognize patterns after recording information such as:

chemical reactivity (ex: bonding patterns)

physical properties (ex: state of matter, mass)

HISTORY . . . DMITRI MENDELEEV (1834-1907)

Wrote out elements in order of increasing ATOMIC MASS, and ended up with a table!

Now organized according to: ATOMIC NUMBER

NUMBER OF ELECTRONS

Why “PERIODIC”?

Periodic means repeating patterns and properties.

PERIODIC TABLE ORGANIZATIONThe periodic table is arranged in rows

and columns.

PERIOD

Horizontal rows on table

7 in total

Atomic Mass and Atomic Number increase from LEFT TO RIGHT

ORGANIZATION . . . GROUP

Also known as FAMILY

Vertical columns on table

Elements of the same group have similar but not identical properties.

There are two number systems for groups: CURRENT: 1-18

OLD: ROMAN NUMERALS

IA – VIIIA

IB - VIIIB

ORGANIZATION . . . GROUP 1 – Alkali Metals LINK

Soft, silver, react violently with water

GROUP 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals

Shiny, silver, light, reactive

GROUP 17 – Halogens

Extremely reactive, poisonous

GROUP 18 – Noble Gases

INERT Not reactive under normal laboratory conditions

ORGANIZATION

Organization . . . REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS

AKA Group A elements

Groups IA-VIIIA, or 1, 2, 13-18

These elements illustrate the ENTIRE RANGE OF PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS.

ORGANIZATION . . . TRANSITION ELEMENTS

AKA Group B elements

Group IB-VIIIB, or the “lower” groups

Metallic elements that exhibit some different properties due to their electron arrangements.

ORGANIZATION . . . INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS

Removed from the main table as a matter of convenience in organizing table

Two names:

57-71 LANTHANIDES (rare earth)

89-103 ACTINIDES (radioactive)

TYPES OF ELEMENTS

Li

3

He

2

C

6

N

7

O

8

F

9

Ne

10

Na

11

B

5

Be

4

H

1

Al

13

Si

14

P

15

S

16

Cl

17

Ar

18

K

19

Ca

20

Sc

21

Ti

22

V

23

Cr

24

Mn

25

Fe

26

Co

27

Ni

28

Cu

29

Zn

30

Ga

31

Ge

32

As

33

Se

34

Br

35

Kr

36

Rb

37

Sr

38

Y

39

Zr

40

Nb

41

Mo

42

Tc

43

Ru

44

Rh

45

Pd

46

Ag

47

Cd

48

In

49

Sn

50

Sb

51

Te

52

I

53

Xe

54

Cs

55

Ba

56

Hf

72

Ta

73

W

74

Re

75

Os

76

Ir

77

Pt

78

Au

79

Hg

80

Tl

81

Pb

82

Bi

83

Po

84

At

85

Rn

86

Fr

87

Ra

88

Rf

104

Db

105

Sg

106

Bh

107

Hs

108

Mt

109

Mg

12

Ce

58

Pr

59

Nd

60

Pm

61

Sm

62

Eu

63

Gd

64

Tb

65

Dy

66

Ho

67

Er

68

Tm

69

Yb

70

Lu

71

Th

90

Pa

91

U

92

Np

93

Pu

94

Am

95

Cm

96

Bk

97

Cf

98

Es

99

Fm

100

Md

101

No

102

Lr

103

La

57

Ac

89

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

METALS

Nonmetals

Metalloids

TYPES OF ELEMENTSThere are three types of elements on

the periodic table:MetalsNonmetalsMetalloids

The STAIRCASE LINE on the periodic table divides the METALS and the NONMETALS.The ratio of metals to nonmetals is

about 4:1.

METALSSubstances found on the Left Hand Side

of the staircase on the periodic table.

Physical properties include:

Shiny

Solids at room temperature (except Hg)

Good conductors of electricity

Ductile (can be stretched into wire)

Malleable (can be hammered in shapes)

NON-METALSSubstances found on the Right

Hand Side of the staircase on the periodic table.

Physical properties include:

Dull

Brittle

S, L, or G at room temperature

Poor conductors/good insulators

METALLOIDSAKA semi-metalsSubstances that are found ON the

staircase on the periodic table.Have properties of BOTH metals and

nonmetals. In general,Hard, but sometimes brittleSolidHigh melting pointsWeak (or not at all) conductors of

electricity

HYDROGENThe “rebel” of the periodic table!

It does not really “belong” anywhere.

Hydrogen is usually located on the top left hand corner of the table, even though it has both metallic and nonmetallic properties.

HOMEWORK1. What do calcium chloride, potassium bromide, and

magnesium oxide have in common? (Hint: the answer is NOT that they end in “-ide”!)

2. Give an example of each of the following:1. Alkali metal2. Halogen nonmetal3. Transition element4. Lanthanide5. Representative element6. Noble gas7. Alkaline Earth Metal8. Inner Transition element9. Metalloid10. Actinide