THE PERIODIC TABLE - lc.wnlsd.calc.wnlsd.ca/~darryl.macneil/S01A02692.14/Power Point Two.pdf ·...
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Transcript of THE PERIODIC TABLE - lc.wnlsd.calc.wnlsd.ca/~darryl.macneil/S01A02692.14/Power Point Two.pdf ·...
OUTLINEHistory of Periodic Table
Periodic Table Organization Period Group/Family Representative Elements Transition Elements Inner Transition Elements
Types of Elements Metals Nonmetals Metalloids
HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLEBy the Mid-1800s, there were 65
known elements.
Scientists began to recognize patterns after recording information such as:
chemical reactivity (ex: bonding patterns)
physical properties (ex: state of matter, mass)
HISTORY . . . DMITRI MENDELEEV (1834-1907)
Wrote out elements in order of increasing ATOMIC MASS, and ended up with a table!
Now organized according to: ATOMIC NUMBER
NUMBER OF ELECTRONS
Why “PERIODIC”?
Periodic means repeating patterns and properties.
PERIODIC TABLE ORGANIZATIONThe periodic table is arranged in rows
and columns.
PERIOD
Horizontal rows on table
7 in total
Atomic Mass and Atomic Number increase from LEFT TO RIGHT
ORGANIZATION . . . GROUP
Also known as FAMILY
Vertical columns on table
Elements of the same group have similar but not identical properties.
There are two number systems for groups: CURRENT: 1-18
OLD: ROMAN NUMERALS
IA – VIIIA
IB - VIIIB
ORGANIZATION . . . GROUP 1 – Alkali Metals LINK
Soft, silver, react violently with water
GROUP 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals
Shiny, silver, light, reactive
GROUP 17 – Halogens
Extremely reactive, poisonous
GROUP 18 – Noble Gases
INERT Not reactive under normal laboratory conditions
ORGANIZATION
Organization . . . REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS
AKA Group A elements
Groups IA-VIIIA, or 1, 2, 13-18
These elements illustrate the ENTIRE RANGE OF PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS.
ORGANIZATION . . . TRANSITION ELEMENTS
AKA Group B elements
Group IB-VIIIB, or the “lower” groups
Metallic elements that exhibit some different properties due to their electron arrangements.
ORGANIZATION . . . INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Removed from the main table as a matter of convenience in organizing table
Two names:
57-71 LANTHANIDES (rare earth)
89-103 ACTINIDES (radioactive)
TYPES OF ELEMENTS
Li
3
He
2
C
6
N
7
O
8
F
9
Ne
10
Na
11
B
5
Be
4
H
1
Al
13
Si
14
P
15
S
16
Cl
17
Ar
18
K
19
Ca
20
Sc
21
Ti
22
V
23
Cr
24
Mn
25
Fe
26
Co
27
Ni
28
Cu
29
Zn
30
Ga
31
Ge
32
As
33
Se
34
Br
35
Kr
36
Rb
37
Sr
38
Y
39
Zr
40
Nb
41
Mo
42
Tc
43
Ru
44
Rh
45
Pd
46
Ag
47
Cd
48
In
49
Sn
50
Sb
51
Te
52
I
53
Xe
54
Cs
55
Ba
56
Hf
72
Ta
73
W
74
Re
75
Os
76
Ir
77
Pt
78
Au
79
Hg
80
Tl
81
Pb
82
Bi
83
Po
84
At
85
Rn
86
Fr
87
Ra
88
Rf
104
Db
105
Sg
106
Bh
107
Hs
108
Mt
109
Mg
12
Ce
58
Pr
59
Nd
60
Pm
61
Sm
62
Eu
63
Gd
64
Tb
65
Dy
66
Ho
67
Er
68
Tm
69
Yb
70
Lu
71
Th
90
Pa
91
U
92
Np
93
Pu
94
Am
95
Cm
96
Bk
97
Cf
98
Es
99
Fm
100
Md
101
No
102
Lr
103
La
57
Ac
89
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
METALS
Nonmetals
Metalloids
TYPES OF ELEMENTSThere are three types of elements on
the periodic table:MetalsNonmetalsMetalloids
The STAIRCASE LINE on the periodic table divides the METALS and the NONMETALS.The ratio of metals to nonmetals is
about 4:1.
METALSSubstances found on the Left Hand Side
of the staircase on the periodic table.
Physical properties include:
Shiny
Solids at room temperature (except Hg)
Good conductors of electricity
Ductile (can be stretched into wire)
Malleable (can be hammered in shapes)
NON-METALSSubstances found on the Right
Hand Side of the staircase on the periodic table.
Physical properties include:
Dull
Brittle
S, L, or G at room temperature
Poor conductors/good insulators
METALLOIDSAKA semi-metalsSubstances that are found ON the
staircase on the periodic table.Have properties of BOTH metals and
nonmetals. In general,Hard, but sometimes brittleSolidHigh melting pointsWeak (or not at all) conductors of
electricity
HYDROGENThe “rebel” of the periodic table!
It does not really “belong” anywhere.
Hydrogen is usually located on the top left hand corner of the table, even though it has both metallic and nonmetallic properties.
HOMEWORK1. What do calcium chloride, potassium bromide, and
magnesium oxide have in common? (Hint: the answer is NOT that they end in “-ide”!)
2. Give an example of each of the following:1. Alkali metal2. Halogen nonmetal3. Transition element4. Lanthanide5. Representative element6. Noble gas7. Alkaline Earth Metal8. Inner Transition element9. Metalloid10. Actinide
