The Neolithic Age

Section 2 (Continued)

CivilizationCivilization

GovernmentClasses Culture

Specialization of Labor

Food Surplus

Population growth leads to the

development of civilization.

•8000 B.C. – 5 million people

•4000 B.C. – 90 million people

What is the most important factor leading to an increase in population?

What is the most important factor leading to an increase in population?

Food SurplusFood Surplus•People remained in one place, building permanent shelters

•People produced more food than they needed for their families – “SURPLUS”

•People remained in one place, building permanent shelters

•People produced more food than they needed for their families – “SURPLUS”

Early Villages:

Early Villages:

•Earliest villages were located in SW Asia

•Dating to about 8000 B.C.•Jericho, Abu Hureyra, Catal Huyuk

•Earliest villages were located in SW Asia

•Dating to about 8000 B.C.•Jericho, Abu Hureyra, Catal Huyuk

Jericho

•8000 B.C.•West Bank between Israel and Jordan

This is Jericho from the Bible

Jericho Today

Abu Hureyra•7500 B.C.•Syria

Catal Huyuk•6500 – 5700 B.C.

•Turkey

Catal Huyuk Today

Drawing of Catal Huyuk

Specialization of Labor•Development of occupations•Fewer people to produce food and do other jobs

•Trade developed•Pottery – carrying and storing food

•Cloth weaving•Metal working – jewelry & weapons

Government•Land ownership – set boundaries and protected their land

•Leader (chief) – settled disputes

Social ClassesSocial Classes•A difference between groups of a culture

•Based on education, income, or family

•Earliest classes developed in ancient Mesopotamian cultures

•Today class varies from nation to nation

•A difference between groups of a culture

•Based on education, income, or family

•Earliest classes developed in ancient Mesopotamian cultures

•Today class varies from nation to nation

Other Signs of CultureOther Signs of Culture•Religion•Language•Clothing•Celebrations•Festivals•Many More

•Religion•Language•Clothing•Celebrations•Festivals•Many More

India•Marriage is considered a marriage of two families not just two people •The bride traditionally wears red (white signifies death in our culture) •groom wears a traditional cream colored long coat called an etchkin with a red turban

Turkey•Some follow Western dress•Muslim men may marry Christian or Jewish women•Muslim women must marry Muslim men or those who convert to Islam

Muslim Bride

Saudi Arabia

ChinaChina

Korea

NepalNepal

Belgium: St. Nicholas

& Pere Noel

Belgium: St. Nicholas

& Pere Noel

Brazil & Peru: Papa Noel

Brazil & Peru: Papa Noel

Finland: JoulupukkiFinland: Joulupukki•Believe Santa lives at

Korvatunturi in Finland•“Christmas Land” in North

Finland

•Believe Santa lives at Korvatunturi in Finland

•“Christmas Land” in North Finland

France: Père Noël France:

Père Noël

Germany: Father

Christmas

Germany: Father

Christmas

Hungary: Winter-

Grandfather

Hungary: Winter-

Grandfather

Russia: Father Frost

Russia: Father Frost

China: Shengdan

Laoren

China: Shengdan

Laoren

England: Father Christmas

England: Father Christmas

Greece: St.

Nicholas

Greece: St.

Nicholas

Costa Rica, Colombia, and parts of Mexico, the gift bearer

is el Niño Jesus, "the infant Jesus.“

Costa Rica, Colombia, and parts of Mexico, the gift bearer

is el Niño Jesus, "the infant Jesus.“

Netherlands: Sinter

Klaas

Netherlands: Sinter

Klaas

• He rides a white horse, leaving gifts in wooden shoes

• He rides a white horse, leaving gifts in wooden shoes

Sweden: JultomtenSweden: Jultomten

Japan: Santa Clause

Japan: Santa Clause

•Children often call him "Santa no ojisan," which means "Uncle Santa."

•Children often call him "Santa no ojisan," which means "Uncle Santa."

Black Peter: Spain, Morocco, Holland, Netherlands

Black Peter: Spain, Morocco, Holland, Netherlands

Italy: Babbo Natale (which means Father Christmas)

Italy: Babbo Natale (which means Father Christmas)

• Food surplus

• Cities

• Government

• Religion

• Social classes

• Specialization

• Writing

• Trade/economics

• Public works

• Art and architecture