The Middle Ages. The Early Middle Ages Decline into Chaos Approximately 500 to 800 Depopulation of...

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Transcript of The Middle Ages. The Early Middle Ages Decline into Chaos Approximately 500 to 800 Depopulation of...

The Middle Ages

The Early Middle AgesDecline into Chaos

• Approximately 500 to 800

• Depopulation of cities

• Decline in trade

• Decline in literacy

• Loss of common language

The Early Middle AgesDecline into Chaos

• Personal ties replace citizenship

• Christian Church assumes authority– Temporal and spiritual

• Conversion of Germanic tribes

• Beginning of monastic system

Europe in AD 500

The Early Middle AgesDecline into Chaos

• Germanic tribes try to carve out their own kingdoms

• Violence and warfare

• Population to the point of no return

The High Middle AgesSearch for Stability

• Approximately 800 to 1100

• Stability begins to return

• Charlemagne built the first European Empire – AD 800– Holy Roman Empire

• Learning begins to revive

The High Middle AgesSearch for Stability

• Complete schism (separation) with Christians in the Eastern Empire - 1054

• Idea of Christendom emerges

The High Middle AgesSearch for Stability

• Feudal system develops based on land ownership in exchange for protection

• Manor system provides protection

• Serfdom established

• Farming techniques improved

The High Middle AgesSearch for Stability

• Viking attacks threaten stability

• Growing “threat” from Islam

The High Middle AgesSearch for Stability

• Trade begins to grow

• Population begins to grow

• Nascent towns form

The Late Middle AgesVictims of Own Success

• Approximately 1100 to 1400

• Population growth stresses manor system

• Independent towns operate outside of feudal system – causing stress

• Middle class begins to emerge with new wealth (not based on land)- demand rights

The Late Middle AgesVictims of Own Success

• Abuses in church include simony, married priests, illiterate clergy

• Church attempts reforms

• Pope pushes for spiritual empire governed by Canon Law

The Late Middle AgesVictims of Own Success

• Temporal leaders become more powerful – want control over church in their own country

• Conflicts between kings and popes – popes generally dominate (excommunication)

The Late Middle AgesVictims of Own Success

• Code of chivalry developed

• Europe strong enough to begin to look outward

• Crusades