THE MAJOR LINEAGES OF

LIFEMRS. SANDY GOMEZ

Taxonomy Schemes

0Two Kingdom System (Carl Linnaeus)

0Five Kingdom System (Robert Whittaker)

0Three Domain System (Carl Woese)

THE TWO KINGDOM SYSTEM

0 Initially used by Linneus

0Divided all life forms into:

0 Plants

0 Animals

THE TWO KINGDOM SYSTEM

Kingdom 1 Kingdom 2

Plants Animals

Included: bacteria, plants, fungi, chloroplast containing protist

Included: animals and every other organism that moved and ingested food

THE FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM

0 Initially used by Robert H. Whittaker

0He divided organisms into 5 kingdoms, according to their

type of cell, eating habits and movement.

0Recognized the two types of cells:

0 Prokaryotes (1 kingdom)

0 Eukaryotes (4 kingdoms)

THE FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM

5 kingdoms

Animals or Animalia

Plants or Plantae

ProtistMonera or Prokaryotes

Fungi or Mycota

THE FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM0According to Linneaus:

0 Plants are autotrophic in nutritional mode, making their

food by photosynthesis.

0 Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that are absorptive in

nutritional mode. Most fungi are decomposers.

0 Animals live by ingesting food and digesting it within

specialized cavities.

0  Protista consisted of all eukaryotes that did not fit the

definition of plants, fungi, or animals. Most of them are

unicellular. 

THE FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM

0 But, eventually, pointed out some

problems:

0 There are two distinct lineages of

prokaryotes.

0 The diverse eukaryotes formerly

collected in the kingdom Protista.

0 Like any classification scheme, the five-kingdom system is not a natural fact

but a human construct.

0 Is one attempt to order the diversity of life into a scheme that is useful and

reasonable. 

THE THREE DOMAIN SYSTEM0 Introduced by Carl Woese

0 The three domains, are essentially super-

kingdoms, a taxonomic level even higher

than the kingdom level.

0 Bacteria

0 Archaea

0 Eukarya

0 Scheme that is used today

0 Schemes change with new scientific

discoveries

THE THREE DOMAIN SYSTEM

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