The Human BodyThe Human BodyThe Human BodyThe Human Body

Different Parts and their Different Parts and their FunctionsFunctions

The Skeletal System• Used for support and protection• Contain marrow to make blood

cells and immune cells.• Can grow, repair and adapt to the

environment

• Soccer leg break

• Soccer ankle break

Muscles• There are 3 types of muscles in your

body.• Skeletal muscles- move bones and are

voluntary meaning you control the movement. They are striated or striped.

• Smooth muscles- are involuntary meaning they go on their own and are found in organs, blood vessels and skin. They are not striated.

• Cardiac muscle in found only in the heart and is involuntary. It has striations but are different than skeletal muscle.

stopEyewitness Skeleton

Skeleton/Muscle Label

Circulatory/Respiratory• Circulatory is the heart, arteries

and blood vessels in your body.• Respiratory are the lungs.• Both work closely together to

move oxygenated blood throughout your entire body.

Circulatory/Respiratory• Pharynx- filters dirt, dust and bacteria• Epiglottis- flap of tissue at the end of

the pharynx that prevents food or liquid from getting into your lungs

• Larynx- vocal chords are attached here and muscles move the chords

• Trachea- tube lined with mucus and cilia that allows air to go into the lungs, lined with cartilage to keep it open always

Circulatory/Respiratory• Lungs- cone-shaped organs filled with layers of

spongy material. Has 3 lobes and can expand.• Bronchi- trachea splits into 2 tubes and these carry

air• Bronchioles- each bronchi branches off into

thousands of smaller tubes• Alveoli- tiny clusters of air sacs and oxygen diffuses

from them into the capillaries into the bloodstream. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the capillaries back to the alveoli to be re-oxygenated.

• Diaphragm- muscle that sits below the lungs and contracts and relaxes as you breathe.

Vocal chords moving

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Circulatory/Respiratory System

• The human heart has 4 chambers.• Two chambers hold deoxygenated

blood and two chambers hold oxygenated blood.

• The heart contains several valves that open and close allowing blood through the heart.

• The aorta is the biggest and longest artery in the body. It is in the heart.

• Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood from the lungs to the heart.

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Digestive System• Esophagus- tube in the throat that squeezes the

food into the stomach• Stomach-bag like organ where food is digested• Small intestine- longest part of the digestive

system,nutrients are absorbed• Large intestine- water is reabsorbed and waste is

made• Salivary glands- there are 6 and help break down

foods in the mouth• Liver- breaks down fats and processes nutrients. It

also acts as a filter for wastes and toxins• Pancreas- produces enzymes to break down foods,

also part of the endocrine system (produces insulin)

• Gallbladder- stores the bile the liver produces and puts it into the small intestine, can be removed

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Lymphatic/Urinary System

• The urinary tract contains:• Ureters- tubes connecting the kidneys to

the bladder• Bladder- elastic storage sac that holds

the urine• Kidneys- one of each side of the body, all

of the blood passes through the kidneys and is filtered and urine is made

• Urethra- urine travels through this tube from the bladder and out of the body

Lymphatic/ Urinary System

• The lymphatic system carries fluid through your body and uses a system of vessels.

• Helps fight off disease.• Contains lymphocytes (white blood cells) that

fight infections.• Lymph nodes- bean shaped structures where

foreign materials are filtered• Major lymph nodes are tonsils, thymus and

spleen.• Lymph nodes swell up when you are sick.

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Organ Review• You need to know the function, location and look of

these major organs:• Heart-pumps blood• Lungs-removes oxygen from the air• Liver-filters toxins, processed food• Stomach-processes food• Kidneys-filters blood, makes urine• Brain-controls body• Small intestine-absorbs nutrients• Large intestine-absorbs water, creates waste• Bladder-hold urine• Pancreas-releases insulin to process sugar• Esophagus-swallows food

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Nervous/Endocrine Systems

• The endocrine system helps control the body by releasing hormones.

• Hormones only work on specific tissues or organs.• Major glands of the endocrine system are:• Pituitary- master gland, controls other glands and

controls the reproductive organs• Pancreas-produces insulin to control blood sugar

levels• Thyroid- controls metabolism• Parathyroid- regulate levels of calcium and

phosphate• Adrenal- creates adrenaline and 30 other

hormones.

Nervous/Endocrine Systems

• The nervous system keep everything in homeostasis or balance.

• The nervous system is divided into two parts:

• Central nervous system-brain and spinal cord

• Peripheral nervous system- all the other nerves in your body

• Need to know the 3 main parts of the brain- cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla and their functions.