The human body

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The Human Body The Human Body Different Parts and their Different Parts and their Functions Functions

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Transcript of The human body

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The Human BodyThe Human BodyThe Human BodyThe Human Body

Different Parts and their Different Parts and their FunctionsFunctions

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The Skeletal System• Used for support and protection• Contain marrow to make blood

cells and immune cells.• Can grow, repair and adapt to the

environment

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• Soccer leg break

• Soccer ankle break

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Muscles• There are 3 types of muscles in your

body.• Skeletal muscles- move bones and are

voluntary meaning you control the movement. They are striated or striped.

• Smooth muscles- are involuntary meaning they go on their own and are found in organs, blood vessels and skin. They are not striated.

• Cardiac muscle in found only in the heart and is involuntary. It has striations but are different than skeletal muscle.

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stopEyewitness Skeleton

Skeleton/Muscle Label

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Circulatory/Respiratory• Circulatory is the heart, arteries

and blood vessels in your body.• Respiratory are the lungs.• Both work closely together to

move oxygenated blood throughout your entire body.

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Circulatory/Respiratory• Pharynx- filters dirt, dust and bacteria• Epiglottis- flap of tissue at the end of

the pharynx that prevents food or liquid from getting into your lungs

• Larynx- vocal chords are attached here and muscles move the chords

• Trachea- tube lined with mucus and cilia that allows air to go into the lungs, lined with cartilage to keep it open always

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Circulatory/Respiratory• Lungs- cone-shaped organs filled with layers of

spongy material. Has 3 lobes and can expand.• Bronchi- trachea splits into 2 tubes and these carry

air• Bronchioles- each bronchi branches off into

thousands of smaller tubes• Alveoli- tiny clusters of air sacs and oxygen diffuses

from them into the capillaries into the bloodstream. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the capillaries back to the alveoli to be re-oxygenated.

• Diaphragm- muscle that sits below the lungs and contracts and relaxes as you breathe.

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Vocal chords moving

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Circulatory/Respiratory System

• The human heart has 4 chambers.• Two chambers hold deoxygenated

blood and two chambers hold oxygenated blood.

• The heart contains several valves that open and close allowing blood through the heart.

• The aorta is the biggest and longest artery in the body. It is in the heart.

• Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood from the lungs to the heart.

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Digestive System• Esophagus- tube in the throat that squeezes the

food into the stomach• Stomach-bag like organ where food is digested• Small intestine- longest part of the digestive

system,nutrients are absorbed• Large intestine- water is reabsorbed and waste is

made• Salivary glands- there are 6 and help break down

foods in the mouth• Liver- breaks down fats and processes nutrients. It

also acts as a filter for wastes and toxins• Pancreas- produces enzymes to break down foods,

also part of the endocrine system (produces insulin)

• Gallbladder- stores the bile the liver produces and puts it into the small intestine, can be removed

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Lymphatic/Urinary System

• The urinary tract contains:• Ureters- tubes connecting the kidneys to

the bladder• Bladder- elastic storage sac that holds

the urine• Kidneys- one of each side of the body, all

of the blood passes through the kidneys and is filtered and urine is made

• Urethra- urine travels through this tube from the bladder and out of the body

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Lymphatic/ Urinary System

• The lymphatic system carries fluid through your body and uses a system of vessels.

• Helps fight off disease.• Contains lymphocytes (white blood cells) that

fight infections.• Lymph nodes- bean shaped structures where

foreign materials are filtered• Major lymph nodes are tonsils, thymus and

spleen.• Lymph nodes swell up when you are sick.

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Organ Review• You need to know the function, location and look of

these major organs:• Heart-pumps blood• Lungs-removes oxygen from the air• Liver-filters toxins, processed food• Stomach-processes food• Kidneys-filters blood, makes urine• Brain-controls body• Small intestine-absorbs nutrients• Large intestine-absorbs water, creates waste• Bladder-hold urine• Pancreas-releases insulin to process sugar• Esophagus-swallows food

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Nervous/Endocrine Systems

• The endocrine system helps control the body by releasing hormones.

• Hormones only work on specific tissues or organs.• Major glands of the endocrine system are:• Pituitary- master gland, controls other glands and

controls the reproductive organs• Pancreas-produces insulin to control blood sugar

levels• Thyroid- controls metabolism• Parathyroid- regulate levels of calcium and

phosphate• Adrenal- creates adrenaline and 30 other

hormones.

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Nervous/Endocrine Systems

• The nervous system keep everything in homeostasis or balance.

• The nervous system is divided into two parts:

• Central nervous system-brain and spinal cord

• Peripheral nervous system- all the other nerves in your body

• Need to know the 3 main parts of the brain- cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla and their functions.

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