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U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T
THE GAMBIA
FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY
U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T
THE GAMBIA
FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY
New York and Geneva, 2017
ii FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
© 2017, United Nations
This work is available open access by complying with the Creative Commons licence created for intergovernmental organizations, available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.
iiiACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Content for The Gambia - Formulating the National Entrepreneurship Policy was prepared by a team led by
vCONTENTS
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................................................... iii
List of acronyms .............................................................................................................................................................................. vii
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ix
National Entrepreneurship Policy of The Gambia ...................................................................................................... ..........1
1. Mission, Vision, Objectives ............................................................................................... ........ 1
2. Optimizing the Regulatory environment .......................................................................... ........ 6
2.1. Examine regulatory requirements ............................................................................. ........ 6
............... ........ 7
2.3. Increase the predictability of enforcement ............................................................... ........ 9
2.4. Help the private sector to overcome administrative barriers ................................... ........ 9
3. Enhancing Entrepreneurship Education and Skills Development .................................. ...... 10
3.1. Integrating entrepreneurship competencies and skills into formal and informal education ................................................................................................................. ...... 10
3.2. Develop quality and relevant entrepreneurship curricula ......................................... ...... 11
3.3. Train teachers ........................................................................................................... ...... 12
3.4. Strengthen linkages between private sector and educational institutions ............... ...... 12
4. Facilitating Technology Exchange and Innovation .......................................................... ...... 14
4.1. Support the diffusion of ICT to the private sector .................................................... ...... 15
4.2. Promote public private partnerships to develop and diffuse innovation .................. ...... 16
...................... ...... 17
....................... ...... 18
4.5. Promote the participation of small scale entrepreneurs in renewable energy production and distribution ...................................................................................... ...... 19
5. Improving Access to Finance ........................................................................................... ...... 20
............. ...... 20
.................................... ...... 21
5.3. Promote funding for innovation and sustainable development ............................... ...... 22
6. Promoting Awareness and Networking ........................................................................... ...... 24
6.1. Instill the entrepreneurship mind-set in society ....................................................... ...... 24
6.2. Address negative cultural biases ............................................................................ ...... 25
........ ...... 25
6.4. Stimulate private sector-led initiatives and strengthen networks among entrepreneurs ........................................................................................................... ...... 26
Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 27
Annexes .................................................................................................................... 28
vi FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
FIGURES
Figure 1. Illustration of the results chain for the National Entrepreneurship Policy (NEP): The Gambia ............................................................................................................................ ........ 2
Figure 2. Institutional Coordination Framework- The Entrepreneurship Forum - for the implementation of NEP in The Gambia .................................................................................. ........ 4
Figure 3: An innovation system framework for harnessing technology, research and development in support of entrepreneurship development in The Gambia .................................................... ...... 16
............................................................. ...... 21
Figure 5: UNCTAD’s survey results for The Gambia ............................................................................. ...... 28
Figure 6: UNCTAD’s survey results by areas ......................................................................................... ...... 29
TABLES
Table A. The Government of The Gambia main economic policies, 2012-2016 ................................. ........xi
Table B. Role of the institutions providing key support services to entrepreneurs in The Gambia ..... .......xii
..................................................................................... ........ 5
Table 2: Enhancing entrepreneurship education and skills development ........................................... ...... 10
Table 3: Facilitating technology exchange and innovation .................................................................. ...... 14
Table 4: Improving Access to Finance ................................................................................................. ...... 20
Table 5: Promoting awareness and networking ................................................................................... ...... 24
........................ ...... 30
viiLIST OF ACRONYMS
LIST OF ACRONYMS
ADB
ASSET
ANRP
BDS
CBG
DWA
ECOWAS
EDB
EDS
FIA
FDI
FSQA
GAFDP
GBoS
GCP
GCCI
GDP
GEW
GIEPA
GNIAP
GRA
GSB
GTHI
GTMI
GTTI
HDI
ICT
IEC
IFAD
ILO
IPR
ISO
ITC
IRENA
LECRD
MDI
viii FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
MFI
MoA
MoBSE
MoHERST
MoYS
MSME
NAMA
NAQAA
NAWEC
NBFI
NCAC
NEA
NEDI
NEPS
NES
NGO
NICIP
NWC
ODI
PAGE
PIA
PSDS
PURA
RDI
RE
RIA
SDGs
SIGI
SPS
SMIIC
SWR
TVET
TGSB
UNCTAD
UNDP
WTO
ixINTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
essential to promote the policy environment in which
methodology.
of policies and programmes, and consider ways in
to stakeholders.
THE STATUS OF MSMES AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE GAMBIA
imbalances.
the long term.
described as micro and small enterprises operating in
x FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
employed and size of investment: Micro enterprises
small
Medium-sizedworkers, with an average investment of more than
restrained.
proprietorships, a form of ownership which tends to
ROLE OF THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY IN THE GAMBIA’S DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES
a bearing on aspects of private sector development,
have emerged.
increased economic growth and employment.
development and promotion as the main vehicle
xiINTRODUCTION
lead to the formulation of a coherent National Entrepreneurship Policy Documentthe following items:
a. To considerably increase the proportion
b. To improve the overall living standards at the grass roots level. This will be achieved by
c. Creation of a competitive and dynamic
implementation of seven different components
These are:
As mentioned above, according to government
providing a new strong orientation for private sector development.
Table A. The Government of The Gambia main economic policies, 2012-2016
Vision 2020
Growth and Employment
Trade
MSME and Entrepreneurship
NEP 2016-2020
xii FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
MAIN ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS AND PROGRAMMES
these is the need to rapidly improve the integration
stakeholders and role players remains a critical
Table B. Role of the institutions providing key support services to entrepreneurs in The Gambia
Governmental institutions
MOTIE
GIEPA
Private sector institutions
GCCI
AmCham
Programmes
The Empretec programme
many cases.
(NEDI)
Nema
The Startup Incubator
1
NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY OF THE GAMBIA
1. MISSION, VISION, OBJECTIVES
MISSION
economic growth and development.
VISION
and an enabling and strengthened ecosystem,
OBJECTIVES
1. General objective – To improve the general conditions for enterprise creation and enterprise
prone to migration, who represent the main drivers
national level.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES2. Optimizing the Regulatory Framework –
enforcement of contracts.
3. Enhancing Entrepreneurship Education -
integrate its teaching across other disciplines
training and skill development systems by widely
4. Facilitating Technology Exchange and Innovation -
processes.
5. Improving Access to Finance
to all levels of society.
6. Promoting Awareness and Networking -
and cooperation among the diverse private sector
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
implementation will be the responsibility of the
report, presenting progress in the implementation,
for implementation.
2 FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIAFi
gure
1.
Illus
trat
ion
of th
e re
sults
cha
in fo
r the
Nat
iona
l Ent
repr
eneu
rshi
p Po
licy
(NEP
): Th
e Ga
mbi
a
Sel
ecti
on
of
acti
viti
esO
utp
uts
Sho
rt t
erm
out
com
esLo
ng t
erm
out
com
esIndicators of progress
impl
emen
tatio
n in
the
in th
e ar
ea o
f:
• en
viro
nmen
t
•
deve
lopm
ent
• Fa
cilit
atin
g te
chno
logy
• • P
rom
otin
g aw
aren
ess
and
netw
orki
ng
• • • cl
aim
s
• • • • • • • • Fi
nanc
ial l
itera
cy p
rogr
ams
• • • C
aree
rs fa
irs o
rgan
ized
• U
mbr
ella
org
aniz
atio
n es
tabl
ishe
d
• • ag
enci
es• •
smal
l cla
ims
• ne
ed o
f the
priv
ate
sect
or• • • • • • •
in b
anks
• • • • C
onne
cted
and
info
rmed
pot
entia
l
• • • • •
Key assumptions
• lo
cal i
mpl
emen
ting
part
ners
an
d st
akeh
olde
rs•
capa
city
• •
• P
oliti
cal s
tabi
lity
• pa
rtne
rs a
nd s
take
hold
ers
• • •
soci
ety
• P
oliti
cal s
tabi
lity
• Th
rivin
g ci
vil s
ocie
ty•
1. MISSION, VISION, OBJECTIVES 3S
elec
tio
n o
f ac
tivi
ties
Out
put
sS
hort
ter
m o
utco
mes
Long
ter
m o
utco
mes
Indicators of progress
• de
liver
ed o
n tim
e an
d
•
agen
cies
impl
emen
ting
• • • m
echa
nism
• • • • • • • • pr
ogra
mm
es•
prog
ram
me
• pa
rtic
ipan
ts•
part
icip
ants
•
• • • • • • m
ento
rshi
p sc
hem
e
• • P
P c
all
• • re
cord
and
impr
oved
ris
k m
anag
emen
t sta
ndar
ds• •
inve
stm
ent s
chem
e
•
• • •
clas
ses
or m
ento
rshi
p sc
hem
es• • •
4 FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIAFi
gure
2.
Inst
itutio
nal C
oord
inat
ion
Fram
ewor
k- T
he E
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
Foru
m -
for t
he im
plem
enta
tion
of N
EP in
The
Gam
bia
DWA/
NWC/
Wom
en’s
Bur
eau
Natio
nal I
mpl
emen
ting
Agen
cyGI
EPA
(with
sup
port
and
su
perv
isio
n of
MOT
IE)
• So
cial
Dev
elop
men
t Fun
d
• Th
e Ce
ntra
l Ban
k of
The
Gam
bia
• NA
CCUG
, GAW
FA, C
omm
erci
al
Bank
s, N
BFIs
, VIS
AVAS
• De
part
men
t of A
grib
usin
ess
Serv
ices
• Fo
od T
echn
olog
y Se
rvic
es U
nit
• Ce
ntra
l Pro
ject
Coo
rdin
atio
n Un
it
• Na
tiona
l Ent
erpr
ise
Deve
lopm
ent
Initi
ativ
e
• GC
CI
• Ot
her p
rivat
e se
ctor
and
civ
il so
ciet
y or
gani
zatio
ns
• M
inis
try
of In
form
atio
n an
d Co
mm
unic
atio
n In
fras
truc
ture
• Un
iver
sity
of t
he G
ambi
a
• NA
QAA
• GT
TI
• TG
SB
• GR
A
• NE
A
• PU
RA
• FS
QA
• Ph
ysic
al P
lann
ing
MOF
EAM
OYS
MOY
SM
oBSE
MOA
1. MISSION, VISION, OBJECTIVES 5
sector and its agencies, to encompass the private
participation is critical to seeking ways and means
any system with different role players and decentralised
plan.
establishment of the agencies network – the
Policy objectives Priority Actions
a. Examine regulatory requirements and make improved services accessible nationwide
• collected by government or private sector to assess and benchmark changes in the
• No transparent process in place for
•
b. Reduce the cost of doing business and increase
formalization
• persist despite reforms
•
c. Increase the predictability of enforcement
•
d. Help the private sector to overcome administrative barriers
•
•
available nationwide, and not accessible online
nationally
Table 1: Optimizing the regulatory framework
6 FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
2. OPTIMIZING THE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
also be transparent and predictable. Table 1 below
2.1. EXAMINE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
and to identify appropriate options for making the necessary reforms.
reviewing and streamlining national and municipal regulations
efficiency is weak. This area received the lowest
monitor and assess private sector feedback on the
needs strengthening.
private sector development strategy.
Priority Actions: Assess regulatory requirements
• Improve SME data collection:
gather data by size. Additional information to identify new bottlenecks and to benchmark the
sectors and regions against each other within
• National Inventory of essential regulations and administrative procedures: Formally
• Customer Service Charters: Charters can take the form of a statement of commitment describing the level of service a
• Regulatory Impact Assessment: This is a process for anticipating the impact of new laws
• Copyrights:
2. OPTIMIZING THE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT 7
framework component.
2.2. REDUCE THE COST OF DOING BUSINESS AND INCREASE BENEFITS OF FORMALIZATION
procedures
to many global indicators, is an important barrier to
Registering a business:
registry staff to engage more directly with the informal sector in the regions to bring in more applicants.
Land registration:
The legislative framework for mapping, titling, street mapping, street naming and registration needs to be strengthened. The preparation of cadastral maps
coordination and sharing of information. Vacant land
absorption of land by the government and sales of
even more problematic.
Taxation: scores below the regional average in the ease of
1
private sector. Private companies have to comply with
Utilities:
responsible for transport, water and sewage sector,
1 http://data.worldbank.org/
8 FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
renewable energy projects especially community based projects, and the production or fabrication of equipment for the development and utilization of renewable energy in the country”
Technical and other standards:Trade Policy 2011 notes that the strengthening of
step both towards the development of standards
informed on the standards that they need to meet
was established in 2011 and it is a member of the
standards and labels for renewable energy. This is
Priority Actions: Reduce doing business costs and
•
•
2 systems.
•
them as legal entities and review, where
•
•
citizen more like a client.
•
energy.
•
women.
2
2. OPTIMIZING THE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT 9
2.3. INCREASE THE PREDICTABILITY OF ENFORCEMENT
judicial institutions
practice.
commercial judicial system
•
enforcement to enhance the predictability
•
They are convenient and accessible, affordable
2.4. HELP THE PRIVATE SECTOR TO OVERCOME ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS
guidelines
There is a lack of systematization and display
Priority Actions: increase and improve the information on business regulations
•
need clear and detailed information to facilitate
•
•
how, to adapt service delivery on local realities.
•
service delivery on local realities.
10 FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
3. ENHANCING ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
climate change science. Table 2 below gives a
Policy objectives Priority Actions
a. Integrate entrepreneurship competencies and skills into formal and informal education
•
•
• training into apprenticeship and
2. Promote academic and policy oriented research on
programmes
b. Develop effective entrepreneurship curricula
• materials for the different levels of
•
• school programmes
c. Train teachers • in place
trainers
d. Strengthen inter-linkages between private sector and The Gambia’s education system
•
Table 2: Enhancing entrepreneurship education and skills development
3.1. INTEGRATING ENTREPRENEURSHIP COMPETENCIES AND SKILLS INTO FORMAL AND INFORMAL EDUCATION
the importance of private sector development and
of institutions to favor vocational and skill based training and encouraged entrepreneurship as a cornerstone of education
113. ENHANCING ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
acknowledged that technical and vocational training
design training programmes and activities consistent with the demands of the job market. A information system
employment and the growth of micro and small enterprises, and to develop their trade capacity.
across other disciplines at all levels of schools.
Priority actions: Introduce entrepreneurship as an
the delivery of non-formal entrepreneurship education programmes
•
• research in the development of the national
promote academic and policy oriented research
private sector development for policy makers and the private sector.
•
of whom are actively providing advisory services
•
•
reached alarming proportions.
3.2. DEVELOP QUALITY AND RELEVANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP CURRICULA
play” approach.3
3
12 FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
and vocational education
Vocational schools do not systematically offer
Priority actions: Develop entrepreneurship curricula and strengthen the status of vocational training and apprenticeship, linking them up to entrepreneurship training
•
science, environmental science, climate change
•
and interactive teaching methods. These
the local environment and involve local roles models.
•
3.3. TRAIN TEACHERS
to meet this need.
Priority actions: strengthen capacity of institutions in the formal and informal education structure
•
will reinforce the delivery capacity of formal
•
•
across all layers of society.
• This
effective way to enhance cooperation between enterprises and schools.
3.4. STRENGTHEN LINKAGES BETWEEN PRIVATE SECTOR AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
rely on a myriad of smaller partners to interact with along
private sector. The involvement of the private sector
interaction between the private sector and education
133. ENHANCING ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
services. The lack of interaction between the private
knowledge sharing and therefore the adaption of
Priority actions: establish programmes and schemes allowing collaboration between the private sector and educational institutions
•
enterprise visits, are an effective way to instill
schools and enterprises.
•
sharing between schools and the private sector
•
mechanisms, can lead to the establishment of
14 FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
4. FACILITATING TECHNOLOGY EXCHANGE AND INNOVATION
The low level of technological development and
negatively impacts the level of competitiveness and
Policy objectives Priority Actions
a. Support the diffusion of ICT to the private sector
•
to innovative enterprises•
technology in the private sector • •
b. Promote the diffusion of innovation through inter-
•
• innovation
together
c. Promote public private partnership to develop and diffuse innovation
•
• accredited laboratories for
•
weak linkages between foreign
d. Support climate-smart agriculture and
it to tourism
• • •
marginalized
e. Include small
renewable energy production
•
local providers of renewable energy
energy
based on renewable energy
Table 3: Facilitating technology exchange and innovation
154. FACILITATING TECHNOLOGY EXCHANGE AND INNOVATION
for women is a priority. The challenges of climate
4.1. SUPPORT THE DIFFUSION OF ICT TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR
high speed internet connection affects economic
networks allow many different economic actors to
7. Nonetheless,
the past few years. There are three mobile operators,
it also has an impact on other important sectors for
There is a legal framework for the development
is facing some challenges, namely, the obsolete
7
gambia/
diffusion
for women, the 300 million global gender gap in mobile
Priority actions: facilitate the adoption of ICT by small scale enterprises and target groups
• of relevant market information, facilitating the
•
transparent information concerning government
16 FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
•
•
and foreign investors.
• platform provided by
global markets is in that regard an appropriate
•
concerned stakeholders.
https://www.shetrades.com/
4.2. PROMOTE PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS TO DEVELOP AND DIFFUSE INNOVATION
the type of relations between these actors and the 10.
and knowledge between the different parts of the innovation system, to link the research to the rest
10
Research institutes
Universities
Private sector research
Polytechnics / Training institutes
SMEs Large corporations
Financial organisations
Seed corn /venture capital
Standards
Regulation
Multinationals
SMEs
Local final customers: Firms / households / Government
FDI / Trade / Remittances
Skills inflow from
diaspora
System – wideInputs (Gambia)
Global inputs
Technologyinflow
IPR regime
Overseas final customers: Exports
Trade / industry
associations
Legislative regime
Social / cultural norms
Global / social / cultural norms
Global innovation
system
Other global inputs
Bridging org’s
Research Base
Production network
Final customers
Research institutes
Universities
Private sector research
Polytechnics / Training Institutes
SMEs Large corporations
Multinationals
SMEs
Local final customers: Firms / households / Government
Overseas final customers: Exports
Bridging org’s
Research Base
Production network
Final customers
Figure 3: An innovation system framework for harnessing technology, research and development in support of entrepreneurship development in The Gambia
174. FACILITATING TECHNOLOGY EXCHANGE AND INNOVATION
facilitate access to the global innovation systems
National Innovation System
This component received the lowest score in
The private sector development strategy for Vision 2020 is
a technology and innovation policy and the establishment
considers the establishment of a national innovation park
establishment of a national innovation system.
Priority actions: Link entrepreneurs to research, technology and innovation
• promote and disseminate marketable
•
Africa and private sector.
•
private sector.
•
access to markets, trainings, and mentoring from
•
•
• companies together by allocating land and facilitating companies to relocate to the park.
4.3. PROMOTE INTER-FIRM NETWORKS THAT SPREAD TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION
information sharing, generate knowledge spillovers
Priority actions: Strengthen horizontal and vertical linkages among SMEs and between SMEs and larger
•
•
18 FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
•
tenders.11
•
4.4. SUPPORT CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE AND FISHERY AND LINK IT TO TOURISM
are the main economic activities affected. Poverty rates for these two sectors of economic activity is higher
of factors. Unless these are addressed properly, the to make The Gambia a
tourist paradise and a major tourist destination through product innovation, quality improvement, improvement
Gambia’s tourism produc
The adoption of innovation is dependent on
investment in research.
extension services
11
services are weak and the delivery not cost effective.
12 or 13 whereby
workers still tend to interact with male farmers, even
tourism sector
Priority actions: increase the effectiveness of extension services and strengthen ties between agriculture and the tourism industry
•
12
13
194. FACILITATING TECHNOLOGY EXCHANGE AND INNOVATION
•
services. This can be combined and integrated
• services. Providing women on the farms with
•
4.5. PROMOTE THE PARTICIPATION OF SMALL SCALE ENTREPRENEURS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION
the rural poor population
energy production
•
•
programmes.
20 FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
5. IMPROVING ACCESS TO FINANCE
generated by government borrowing, the provision
and services available to all levels of society. This
5.1. STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF THE FINANCIAL SECTOR TO SERVE THE PRIVATE SECTOR
rates for the private sector. A sectoral analysis of loans
credit is therefore directed to activities with lower risks.
associated with lending in these sectors, there are a
The weak legal framework for lenders and borrowers
The collection of information concerning loan
lenders to access the necessary information to
Policy objectives Policy Actions
a. Strengthen the capacity of the
sector to serve the private sector
•
information
collateral registry
information
b. Build the capacity of
sector to serve start ups
•
• providers in regions
•
c. Support the development
services for innovation and sustainable development
•
development 2. Channel some of the remittances from diaspora
Table 4: Improving Access to Finance
215. IMPROVING ACCESS TO FINANCE
credit registry is very narrow. A collateral registry was
Priority actions: improve information to facilitate credit
•
electronic system of collateral registry was not
• registry is limited. To improve the gathering and
and private registries need to be strengthened.
•
•
market information.
5.2. BUILD THE CAPACITY OF THE FINANCIAL SECTOR TO SERVE START UPS
These indicators prove that the banking sector is
has to improve its capacity to serve nascent and
of society.
sector deserve to be noted:
• The banking sector is composed of twelve banks
•
•
FINANCIAL SECTORFinancial services offered and used in rural areas by people of all income levels
services for poor and low-income people
Agricultural
22 FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
banks need to make additional efforts to screen their
money transfer services, which are needed, offered
costs for farmers.
17
and there are many approaches based on the target
17
•
•
•
certainly be a barrier to increased savings and is a factor of debt.
•
•
5.3. PROMOTE FUNDING FOR INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
schemes associated with early stage needs is based
235. IMPROVING ACCESS TO FINANCE
Priority action: Develop special funds to encourage
development
•
• Channel some of the remittances from diaspora
to be combined with knowledge sharing and
•
24 FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
6. PROMOTING AWARENESS AND NETWORKING
to development has been highlighted and embraced
6.1. INSTILL THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP MIND-SET IN SOCIETY
an initiative of the American Chamber of Commerce
Policy objectives Priority Actions
a. Instill the entrepreneurship mind-set in society
• term awareness raising campaigns
•
•
b. Address negative cultural biases
•
among others
c. Raise awareness of entrepreneurship opportunities
•
employment •
to offer
of formalization
d. Stimulate private sector-led initiatives and strengthen networks among entrepreneurs
• organizations
es
Table 5: Promoting awareness and networking
256. PROMOTING AWARENESS AND NETWORKING
the wider public
and its development partners, commitment to
poor systematic coordination and integration of
barriers and misconceptions.
barriers.
Priority actions: strengthen the capacity of the main actors involved in awareness raising and develop a regional culture of entrepreneurship
their impact.
•
local
•
•
6.2. ADDRESS NEGATIVE CULTURAL BIASES
6.3. RAISE AWARENESS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES, ENHANCING FORMALIZATION
26 FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
Priority actions: Use the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a platform for the promotion of entrepreneurial opportunities
•
•
• of formalization for different categories of informal
6.4. STIMULATE PRIVATE SECTOR-LED INITIATIVES AND STRENGTHEN NETWORKS AMONG ENTREPRENEURS
organizations
network or coalition of stakeholders may be an effective way of deriving economies of scale, where there is an appetite for sharing information and
Priority actions: Strengthen the associative network.
• Use the different programmes as a base to
•
•
27BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit Is Transforming the Public Sector.
International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology
28 FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
ANNEXES
Figure 5: UNCTAD’s survey results for The Gambia
0.289
0.193
0.169
0.168
0.165
0.227
0.000
1.000
Formulating NationalEntrepreneurship Strategy
Optimizing the RegulatoryEnvironment
Enhancing EntrepreneurshipEducation and Skills
Facilitating Technology Exchangeand Innovation
Improving Access to Finance
Promoting Awareness andNetworking
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Perception Scorecard
Source: Unctad survey.
29ANNEXES
Figure 6: UNCTAD’s survey results by areas
0.22
0.30
0.34
0.29
opportunities, specify goals and set priorities
Ensure coherenceof entrepreneurshipstrategy withother nationalpolicies
Strengthen the institutional framework
Measureresults,ensure policylearning
0.26
0.21
0.07
0.13
Embed entrepreneurship informal and informal education
Developeffectiveentrepreneur-ship curricula
Train teachers
Partnerwith theprivatesector
0.09
0.09
0.27
0.21
services on appropriate terms
Promotefundingforinnovation
sector to serve start-ups
Provide
literacytraining toentrepreneursand encourageresponsibleborrowingand lending
0.14
0.22
0.20
0.21
Examine regulatoryrequirements for start-ups
Minimize regulatoryhurdles forbusinessstart-ups whereappropriate
regulatory environment
Guide entrepreneursthrough the start-upadministrativeprocess andenhance the
formalization
0.19
0.28
0.03
0.17
Support greater diffusionof ICTs to the private sector
Promote
networksthat helpspreadtechnologyand innovation
Build bridges between public bodies, researchinstitutions, universities and the private sector
Supporthigh-techstart-ups
0.27
0.24 0.17
Highlight the value of entrepreneurshipto society and address negative cultural biases
Raiseawarenessaboutentrepreneurshipopportunities
Stimulate privatesector-ledinitiatives andstrengthennetworks amongentrepreneurs
Source: Unctad survey.
30 FORMULATING THE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY – THE GAMBIA
Pillar Item Rank Component
Weakest
Faciltating technology exchange and 4C 0.032258 Build bridges between public bodies, research institutions, universities and the private sector
Enhancing entrepreneurship education 3C 0.072413 Train teachers
5B 0.088881 Promote funding for innovation
5A 0.090958 appropriate terms
Enhancing entrepreneurship education 3D 0.133333 Partner with the private sector
Strongest
Promoting Awareness and Networking 6A 0.267571 Highlight the value of entrepreneurship to society
and address negative cultural biases
Faciltating technology exchange and 4B 0.28172technology and innovation
Formulating National Entrepreneurship Strategy
1D 0.293561 Measure results, ensure policy learning
1B 0.302273 Ensure coherence of entrepreneurship strategy with other national policies
1C 0.338807 Strengthen the institutional framework
Source: Unctad survey.
Layout and Printing at United Nations, Geneva – 1734260 (E) – November 2017 – 636 – UNCTAD/DIAE/2017/1