Post on 14-Jul-2015
THIS WORK
THE DIGITAL MACHINETransforming Systems to Software
Tim SheinerSystems Class Visit 2015
THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES
A system is an interconnected set of elements that is coherently organized
in a way that achieves something.
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Donella Meadows, Thinking in Systems
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A System has
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Elements Connections Purpose.
A
B C
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And State.
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state
A
B C
State describes what is currently true about the objects and relationships in the system.
THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES
Dynamic Systems Change State.
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state’
time
A
B C
A
B C
state
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This is important:
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dynamics systems change state.
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State Change == Purpose
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state’
time
state
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Software version
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state’
time
state
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HOW?
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MODELS
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make it possible.
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MODELS
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let us talk about complicated things.
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Dubberly, Models of Models, 2009
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Dubberly, Models of Models, 2009
Models let me put my ideas in your head
Models let me put my ideas in your head
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All models are wrong
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but some are useful.
George P. Box
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A useful model for making software
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The Digital Machine
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designer
developer
Software
User ProcessObservational
Model
Algorithmic Model
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Software
User Process
Algorithmic Model
Observational Model
designer
developer
THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES16
Software
User Process
Algorithmic Model
Observational Model
designer
developer
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Observational Model
Algorithmic Model
Digital Machine
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THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES18
interaction model
object model
data model
persona model
conceptual model
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interaction model
object model
data model
persona model
conceptual model
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interaction model
object model
data model
persona model
conceptual modelwhat is the purpose?
who is it for?
how do I use it?
what are the elements?
how is state managed?
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conceptual model
output
input
interaction model
storage
logic
object model
data modelpersona model { }name:value
name:value name:value
the digital machine
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Value of the Digital Machine
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conceptual model
output
input
interaction model
storage
logic
object model
data modelpersona model
{ }name:value name:value name:value
1. It is a collaboration
2. The models can be iterated separately, for a time, without losing sight of the whole
3. There is a model for every stakeholder’s point of view
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THE MODELS
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The Conceptual Model
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for understanding the purpose.
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conceptual model
output
input
interaction model
storage
logic
object model
data modelpersona model { }name:value
name:value name:value
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Conceptual Model
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is a about purpose
For target customers Who have a particular need This product is a category of solution That provides a key benefit Unlike the competition
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Conceptual Model1. Defines purpose: what problem gets solved for whom 2. Identifies value & utility 3. Does not describe use cases, interface or implementation
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The Persona Model
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describes behavior.
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conceptual model
output
input
interaction model
storage
logic
object model
data modelpersona model { }name:value
name:value name:value
THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES
Persona Model
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THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES
Persona Model1. Is a model of human behavior, goals and emotions 2. The most established design practice model with lots of
literature and examples 3. Derives communication power from natural human instinct
for empathy 4. The more real the representation the more effective the
consensus
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The Interaction Model
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for how to change state.
THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES32
conceptual model
output
input
interaction model
storage
logic
object model
data modelpersona model { }name:value
name:value name:value
THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES
By a state of a system is meant any well-defined condition or property that can be
recognized if it occurs again. Every system will naturally have many possible states.
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Ashby, An Introduction to Cybernetics, 1956
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How Do I Change State?The interaction model defines how to manipulate system state 1. how do I interact with the system? 2. what are the workflows? 3. how do inputs become outputs? 4. how do I get feedback that the state has changed?
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What is Interaction?
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action
feedback
System
input
output
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Interaction Changes State
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action input
output feedback
A
B C
A
B Cstate’
state
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Object Change is System Change
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state’
time
A
B C
A
B C
state
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System Change is a Flow
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A B
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Each Step is a State Change
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B C
D E
A
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Each Step is a State Change
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A B C
D E
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Each Step is a State Change
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The Interaction Model is a Process Story
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The Interaction Model is a Process Story
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THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES
The Interaction Model is a Process Story
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THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES
The Interaction Model is a Process Story
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THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES
The Interaction Model is a Process Story
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THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES
Interaction Model1. The easiest model for people to connect with (and the one
everyone has an opinion about) 2. Maps inputs to outputs 3. Organized into workflows 4. Defines process by which a system changes state
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The Object Model
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describes the positions and the players.
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conceptual model
output
input
interaction model
storage
logic
object model
data modelpersona model { }name:value
name:value name:value
THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES
Design a game
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about riding a bicycle.
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handle barhandlegriphandgripcontrol
?grip
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grip
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grip
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rotation
grip
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Xrotation
grip
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rotation
grip
inclination
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rotation
grip
inclination
gravity
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gravity
rotation
inclination
grip
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gravity
rotation
inclination
grip
50
gravity
rotation
inclination
griptransportation!
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gravity
destination
rotation
inclination
griptransportation!
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gravity
destinationorigin
rotation
inclination
griptransportation!
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gravity
destinationorigin position
rotation
inclination
griptransportation!
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gravity
destinationorigin position
trip
rotation
inclination
griptransportation!
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trip
Object Model
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vehicle
origin
destination
bicyclerider
grip
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Object Model1. The elements and relationships of the system that work
together to achieve purpose. 2. The most personal and the most confusing. 3. Describes concepts, their capabilities and their relationships. 4. Names matter. A lot.
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THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES
trip
Object Model
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vehicle
origin
destination
bicycleriderposition
rotationinclination
grip
What about the properties?
How is state retained?
(system)dtd
state change =
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The Data Model
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identifies the object properties.
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conceptual model
output
input
interaction model
storage
logic
object model
data modelpersona model { }name:value
name:value name:value
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WHAT IS DATA?
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(in the software context)
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name : value
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lat : '37.78'
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position : { lat : '37.78', long : '-‐122.42' }
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a set of name : value pairs defines object
state
position : { lat : '37.78', long : '-‐122.42' }
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trip
vehicle
origin
destination
bicyclerider
grip
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bikeTrip = { vehicle : { rider : { name : 'Kyle' }, bicycle : { grip : { rotation : '12', inclination : '3' } }, position : { lat : '37.78', long : '-‐122.42' }, }, origin : { name : 'San Francisco', position : { lat : '37.78', long : '-‐122.42' }, destination : { name : 'Los Angeles', position : { lat : '34.05', long : '-‐118.24' } }
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a set of object states defines
system state
trip
vehicle
origin
destination
bicyclerider
grip
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Value Change == State Change == Purpose
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state’
time
state
position : { lat : '37.78', long : '-‐122.42'
}
position : { lat : '34.05', long : '-‐118.24'
}
THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES
bikeTrip = { position : { lat : ' ', long : ' ' } }
37.78 -‐122.42
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(system)dtd
state change =
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bikeTrip = { position : { lat : ' ', long : ' ' } }
37.78 -‐122.42
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(system)dtd
state change =
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bikeTrip = { position : { lat : ' ', long : ' ' } }
37.78 -‐122.42
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interaction model
(system)dtd
state change =
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bikeTrip = { position : { lat : ' ', long : ' ' } }
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34.05 -‐118.24
interaction model
(system)dtd
state change =
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Data Model Defines State
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The names do not change. The values change to reflect system state.
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Data Model1. The atomic structure is name:value pairs 2. A set of name:value pairs defines object state 3. A set of object states defines system state 4. The data model, therefore, defines what can read or written 5. Or more simply, what can be changed
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THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES65
conceptual model
output
input
interaction model
storage
logic
object model
data modelpersona
model { }name:value name:value name:value
the digital machine
THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES66
conceptual model
output
input
interaction model
storage
logic
object model
data modelpersona
model { }name:value name:value name:value
Software
User ProcessObservational
Model
Algorithmic Model
the digital machine
THIS WORK BY TIM SHEINER LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 3.0 UNITED STATES
FIN
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