The Civil WarU.S. History Ch. 17

Goals of Civil War

President Lincoln’s goals for peace were forgiving; he wanted to work toward peace and unity

Goals of Civil War

Lincoln was careful about slavery because he wanted the border states to remain with the Union

More interested in uniting the Union than in freeing slaves

Strengths and Weaknesses

North strengths

had a much larger free population

Had greater manufacturing capability

Had a strong navy and a large merchant fleet

North weaknesses

Would have to conquer huge area

Invading unfamiliar land

Lines of supply longer and open to attack

Strengths and Weaknesses

South strengths

Fighting a war for independence and defending their homeland

Knew the southern countryside better

South weaknessesFought mostly a

defensive warFought for their

propertyFew factories to

produce weapons and other supplies

Few railroads

Battles of the Civil War

Battle of Bull Run1st major battle of

war7-21-1861Need for well-trained

soldiersConfederate victoryWar would be long

and bloody

Battles of the Civil War

Battle of Shiloh4-1862One of bloodiest

battlesGrant won battle

in West (TN)Union victory

Battles of the Civil War

Battle of Antietam9-18-1862No clear

winner

Battles of the Civil War

Battle of Fredericksburg12-1862One of Union’s

worst defeatsConfederate

victory

Battles of the Civil War

Battle of Chancellorsville5-1863General

Jackson’s last battle

Confederate victory

Battles of the Civil War

Battle of VicksburgGrant lay siege to

Vicksburg, MSSiege: Military

encirclement of an enemy position and blockading or bombarding it in order to force a surrender

Battles of the Civil War

Battle of VicksburgCapture of

Vicksburg, MS split Confederacy in two

Mississippi River under Union control

Union victory: successful strategy for winning the war

Battles of the Civil War

Battle of VicksburgDetermination of

General Grant helped the Union achieve one of its goals in the Civil War

Battles of the Civil War

Grant’s plan for ending the war was to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemySherman’s March to

the SeaTotal war: civilians

were subject to the same hardships as enemy soldiers

Battles of the Civil War

Battle of Gettysburg6-30-1863One of most important

battles of Civil WarLee invaded North, into

PennsylvaniaPickett’s Charge:

attack on Union position by 15,000 Confederates

Battles of the Civil War

Battle of GettysburgUnion victoryConfederates never

invaded North againLincoln’s Gettysburg

Address: to dedicate cemetery to 50,000 dead or wounded

Gettysburg Address

“We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain – that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” –President Abraham Lincoln

Profound statement of American ideals

End of the Civil War

General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia on 4-9-1865.

Union eventually attained all of its goals

Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln believed he could save the Union by broadening the goals of the war.

9-22-1862: added the abolition of slavery in the South to the Union’s war goals

Economic Problems

Both North and South experienced inflationInflation: rise in

prices and decrease in the value of money

Southern plantations began to grow food crops rather than just cotton

Riots in Cities

Opposition to new draft law in 1863 led to riots in the NorthRequired able-

bodied men to serve in the military if called

Riots in Cities

Certain rights were suspended to preserve public safetyHabeas Corpus:

right to have a hearing before being jailed.

Martial Law: rule by army instead of by elected government

Southerners against Draft

Small southern farmers resented the draft because men who owned more than 20 slaves were exempt from serving

African Americans in Civil War

African Americans in the Union Army fought in major battles by 1863

Slaves contributed to the Union war effort by refusing to work on the plantations

Women in the Civil War

Women worked as nurses; performed so well that nursing became accepted occupation for women after the warConfederate nurse

Sally Tompkins set up a hospital in Virginia

Result of the Civil War

Slavery was ended everywhere in the United States

Turning point in history: Americans began to think of the country as one nation rather than as a confederation of states.