The Civil War
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The Civil War U.S. History Ch. 17
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The Civil War. U.S. History Ch. 17. President Lincoln’s goals for peace were forgiving; he wanted to work toward peace and unity. Goals of Civil War. Lincoln was careful about slavery because he wanted the border states to remain with the Union - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of The Civil War
The Civil WarU.S. History Ch. 17
Goals of Civil War
President Lincoln’s goals for peace were forgiving; he wanted to work toward peace and unity
Goals of Civil War
Lincoln was careful about slavery because he wanted the border states to remain with the Union
More interested in uniting the Union than in freeing slaves
Strengths and Weaknesses
North strengths
had a much larger free population
Had greater manufacturing capability
Had a strong navy and a large merchant fleet
North weaknesses
Would have to conquer huge area
Invading unfamiliar land
Lines of supply longer and open to attack
Strengths and Weaknesses
South strengths
Fighting a war for independence and defending their homeland
Knew the southern countryside better
South weaknessesFought mostly a
defensive warFought for their
propertyFew factories to
produce weapons and other supplies
Few railroads
Battles of the Civil War
Battle of Bull Run1st major battle of
war7-21-1861Need for well-trained
soldiersConfederate victoryWar would be long
and bloody
Battles of the Civil War
Battle of Shiloh4-1862One of bloodiest
battlesGrant won battle
in West (TN)Union victory
Battles of the Civil War
Battle of Antietam9-18-1862No clear
winner
Battles of the Civil War
Battle of Fredericksburg12-1862One of Union’s
worst defeatsConfederate
victory
Battles of the Civil War
Battle of Chancellorsville5-1863General
Jackson’s last battle
Confederate victory
Battles of the Civil War
Battle of VicksburgGrant lay siege to
Vicksburg, MSSiege: Military
encirclement of an enemy position and blockading or bombarding it in order to force a surrender
Battles of the Civil War
Battle of VicksburgCapture of
Vicksburg, MS split Confederacy in two
Mississippi River under Union control
Union victory: successful strategy for winning the war
Battles of the Civil War
Battle of VicksburgDetermination of
General Grant helped the Union achieve one of its goals in the Civil War
Battles of the Civil War
Grant’s plan for ending the war was to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemySherman’s March to
the SeaTotal war: civilians
were subject to the same hardships as enemy soldiers
Battles of the Civil War
Battle of Gettysburg6-30-1863One of most important
battles of Civil WarLee invaded North, into
PennsylvaniaPickett’s Charge:
attack on Union position by 15,000 Confederates
Battles of the Civil War
Battle of GettysburgUnion victoryConfederates never
invaded North againLincoln’s Gettysburg
Address: to dedicate cemetery to 50,000 dead or wounded
Gettysburg Address
“We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain – that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” –President Abraham Lincoln
Profound statement of American ideals
End of the Civil War
General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia on 4-9-1865.
Union eventually attained all of its goals
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln believed he could save the Union by broadening the goals of the war.
9-22-1862: added the abolition of slavery in the South to the Union’s war goals
Economic Problems
Both North and South experienced inflationInflation: rise in
prices and decrease in the value of money
Southern plantations began to grow food crops rather than just cotton
Riots in Cities
Opposition to new draft law in 1863 led to riots in the NorthRequired able-
bodied men to serve in the military if called
Riots in Cities
Certain rights were suspended to preserve public safetyHabeas Corpus:
right to have a hearing before being jailed.
Martial Law: rule by army instead of by elected government
Southerners against Draft
Small southern farmers resented the draft because men who owned more than 20 slaves were exempt from serving
African Americans in Civil War
African Americans in the Union Army fought in major battles by 1863
Slaves contributed to the Union war effort by refusing to work on the plantations
Women in the Civil War
Women worked as nurses; performed so well that nursing became accepted occupation for women after the warConfederate nurse
Sally Tompkins set up a hospital in Virginia
Result of the Civil War
Slavery was ended everywhere in the United States
Turning point in history: Americans began to think of the country as one nation rather than as a confederation of states.
