Prepared by:

Noynay, Joanna Cristy A.

The length of your thumb is about the same as that of your nose.Humans share 60% of DNA with a banana.The jaw is the strongest muscle in the human body in terms of exerting force.The nails on long fingers grow faster than short fingers; and fingernails grow four times faster than toenails.There's about 1.8m (6 ft) long DNA inside every cell nucleus in our body, and an average adult body contains around 50 trillion (million million) cells.Corneas are the only tissues that don't require blood.The length between your elbow and hand (forearm) equals the length of your foot.The lightest organ in the human body is the lung. If you fully stretch your arms out, the fingertip to fingertip length is almost exactly your body height.

•From the Latin word “cella” meaning small room.•It is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

It is single-celled

Very simple when compared with eukaryotic

No cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.

One circular chromosome . The DNA openly travels around the cell

Reproduction is through binary fission.

Bacteria

From the Latin word “eu” means true and “karya” which means nucleus

Either unicellular or multicellular

Contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Can reproduce in one of several ways: meiosis, mitosis

Plant cells

Animal cells

molds

algae

Organelle◦a tiny structure that carries out a specific function for a cell

Nucleus

Information or the control center

of the cell

It houses and protects the cells

genetic information (DNA) and

separates the it from the rest of the cell.

Nucleolus

Dense region where ribosomes

are made .

Cell wallMost commonly found in plant cells

Controls turgidity

Extracellular structure surrounding

plasma membrane

Plasma membraneOuter membrane of cell that

controls cellular traffic

Contains proteins (left, gray) that span through the membrane and allow passage of materials

Proteins are surrounded by a phospholipid bi-layer.

CentriolesPaired cylindrical organelles

near nucleus. Composed of nine tubes,

each with three tubules

Involved in cellular division

ChloropastsOval shaped organelle in a

plant cell that uses the sun's energy

to make glucose. PLANTS ONLY

Lysosomeorganelle that breaks down waste

for the cell. ANIMALS ONLY

Cytoplasmjellylike fluid that holds organelles

in place.

MitochondriaPowerhouse of the cell. Creates

energy for the cell (ATP) during

respiration. Looks like bean with a

maze inside.

Ribosomes◦ Builds proteins for the cell.

◦ Looks like small circles.

Endoplasmic reticulum◦ Stores, separates, and serves as

cell's transport system◦ Smooth type: lacks ribosomes

◦ Rough type (pictured): ribosomes

embedded in surface

Golgi apparatus◦ Protein 'packaging plant'

Vacuoles◦ storage area for a cell

◦ (often holds food and water).

Shape

◦Animal cells are rounded and somewhat irregular

◦Plant cells are rectangular in shapeCellular structure◦ Animals have centrioles and lysosomes which plant cells do not have

◦Animal cells do not have a cell wall. Instead of a cell wall, the plasma membrane is the outer boundary of animal cells

◦Both cell types have vacuoles, however, in animal cells vacuoles are very tiny or absent, while in plant cells vacuoles are generally quite large

Quiz : put check mark in the column where each of these structure are found

Cell structure Plant cell only Animal cell only Both plant and animal

cell

1. Chloroplasts

2. Centrioles

3. Nucleus

4. Cell wall

5. Vacuole

6. Mitochondrion

7. Cell membrane

8. Endoplasmic reticulum

9. Golgi body

10. Ribosomes

Assignment:

What is the next level in the hierarchy of organism after this first level which is the cell?