Post on 11-Mar-2018
Hernn Corts
186
The Age of Exploration
15001800
Key EventsAs you read this chapter, look for the key events of the Age of Exploration.
Europeans risked dangerous ocean voyages to discover new sea routes. Early European explorers sought gold in Africa then began to trade slaves.
Trade increased in Southeast Asia, and the Dutch built a trade empire based on spices in the Indonesian Archipelago.
The Impact TodayThe events that occurred during this time period still impact our lives today.
European trade was a factor in producing a new age of commercial capitalism that was one of the first steps toward todays world economy.
The consequences of slavery continue to impact our lives today. The Age of Exploration led to a transfer of ideas and products, many of which are still
important in our lives today.
World HistoryModern Times Video The Chapter 6 video,Magellans Voyage, chronicles European exploration of the world.
1480 1510 1540 1570 1600
1497John Cabot andAmerigo Vespucciexplore theAmericas
1519Spanish beginconquest ofMexico
1492ChristopherColumbusreaches theAmericas
1518First boatloadof slavesbrought directlyfrom Africa tothe Americas
1520Magellan sailsinto PacificOcean
Amerigo Vespucci
1595First Dutch fleetarrives in India
Shackled African slaves
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HISTORY
Chapter OverviewVisit the Glencoe WorldHistoryModern Times Web site at
and click on Chapter 6Chapter Overview topreview chapter information.
wh.mt.glencoe.com1630 1660 1690 1720 1750
1767Burmese sackThai capital
1630English foundMassachusettsBay Colony
World map, 1630
Ships of the Dutch East India Company
c. 1650Dutch occupyPortuguese fortsin Indian Oceantrading areas
c. 1700English establishcolonial empire inNorth America
http://wh.mt.glencoe.com
Strait of Magellan
ATLANTICOCEAN
PACIFICSEA
SOUTHAMERICA
188
onvinced that he could find a sea passage to Asia throughthe Western Hemisphere, the Portuguese explorer Ferdi-
nand Magellan persuaded the king of Spain to finance hisvoyage. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail on theAtlantic Ocean with five ships and a Spanish crew of about250 men.
After reaching South America, Magellans fleet moveddown the coast in search of a strait, or sea passage, thatwould take them through America. His Spanish ship captainsthought he was crazy: The fool is obsessed with his searchfor a strait, one remarked.
At last, in November 1520, Magellan passed through a narrow waterway (later namedthe Strait of Magellan) andemerged in the Pacific Ocean,which he called the Pacific Sea.Magellan reckoned that it wouldbe a short distance from there tothe Spice Islands of the East.
Week after week he and hiscrew sailed on across the Pacific as their food supplies dwin-dled. At last they reached the Philippines (named after thefuture King Philip II of Spain). There, Magellan was killed bythe native peoples. Only one of his original fleet of five shipsreturned to Spain, but Magellan is still remembered as thefirst person to sail around the world.
CMagellan Sails Around the World
FerdinandMagellan
Discovery of Magellan Strait by an unknown artist
Why It MattersAt the beginning of the sixteenthcentury, European adventurerslaunched their small fleets into thevast reaches of the Atlantic Ocean.They were hardly aware that theywere beginning a new era, not onlyfor Europe but also for the peoplesof Asia, Africa, and the Americas.These European voyages markedthe beginning of a process that ledto radical changes in the political,economic, and cultural life of theentire non-Western world.
History and You Create a mapto scale that shows Spain, SouthAmerica, and the Philippines. Drawthe route Magellan took from Spainto the Philippines. If the voyage tookabout 20 months, how many mileseach day, on average, did Magellantravel? How long would a similarsea voyage take today?
1630English found MassachusettsBay Colony
1500Pedro Cabral lands in South America
Guide to Reading
Exploration and Expansion
Preview of Events
1550Spanish gain controlof northern Mexico
1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700
In a letter to the treasurer of the king and queen of Spain, Christopher Columbusreported on his first journey:
Believing that you will rejoice at the glorious success that our Lord has granted mein my voyage, I write this to tell you how in thirty-three days I reached the Indies withthe first fleet which the most illustrious King and Queen, our Sovereigns, gave me,where I discovered a great many thickly-populated islands. Without meeting resistance,I have taken possession of them all for their Highnesses. . . . When I reached [Cuba], Ifollowed its coast to the westward, and found it so large that I thought it must be themainlandthe province of [China], but I found neither towns nor villages on the sea-coast, save for a few hamlets.
Letters from the First Voyage, edited 1847
To the end of his life, despite the evidence, Columbus believed he had found a newroute to Asia.
Motives and MeansThe dynamic energy of Western civilization between 1500 and 1800 was most
apparent when Europeans began to expand into the rest of the world. First Portu-gal and Spain, then later the Dutch Republic, England, and France, all rose to neweconomic heights through their worldwide trading activity.
Voices from the Past
Main Ideas In the fifteenth century, Europeans
began to explore the world. Portugal, Spain, the Dutch Republic, and
England reached new economic heightsthrough worldwide trade.
Key Termsconquistador, colony, mercantilism,balance of trade
People to IdentifyVasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus,John Cabot, Amerigo Vespucci, FranciscoPizarro, Ferdinand Magellan
Places to LocatePortugal, Africa, Melaka, Cuba
Preview Questions1. Why did Europeans travel to Asia?2. What impact did European expansion
have on the conquerors and theconquered?
Reading StrategySummarizing Information Use a chartlike the one below to list reasons whyMelaka, a port on the Malay Peninsula,was important to the Portuguese.
CHAPTER 6 The Age of Exploration 189
Importance of Melaka
1488Bartholomeu Dias roundsthe Cape of Good Hope
Christopher Columbus
Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection2,000 kilometers0
2,000 miles0
N
S
EW
Death ofMagellanApril 1521
30E60W 60E 90E 120E 150E 180120W 90W150W 030W
0
30S
30N
60N
60S
EQUATOR
TROPIC OFCAPRICORN
TROPIC OF CANCER
Dias 14
87 Elcano (for
Magellan) 1
522
Elcano
Mag
ellan
1519
-1520
Magellan 1521
Cortes 1519 Columbus 149
2
Verrazano
1524
da Gam
aCa
bral
150
0Cab
ral
daG
am
a 1497
Cartier 1534
Cabot
1497
Hudson 1610
Hudson 1609
Magellan
Pizarro
1531-1532 AtlanticOcean
INDIanOcean
pacificOcean
HudsonBay
CaribbeanSea
pacificOcean
Strait of Magellan
Strait ofMalacca
A S I A
AFRICA
EUROPE
AUSTRALIASOUTHAMERICA
NORTHAMERICA
Philippines
Greenland
HispaniolaBahamasCuba
Spice Islands(Moluccas)
SPAINPORTUGAL
NETHERLANDSFRANCE
PERU
CHINAINDIA
JAPAN
HONDURAS
MEXICO
ENGLAND
Lima
Tenochtitlan(Mexico City)
MelakaCalicut
Goa
For almost a thousand years, Europeans hadmostly remained in one area of the world. At the endof the fifteenth century, however, they set out on aremarkable series of overseas journeys. What causedthem to undertake such dangerous voyages to theends of the earth?
Europeans had long been attracted to Asia. In thelate thirteenth century, Marco Polo had traveled withhis father and uncle to the Chinese court of the greatMongol ruler Kublai Khan. He had written anaccount of his experiences, known as The Travels. Thebook was read by many, including Columbus, whowere fascinated by the exotic East. In the fourteenthcentury, conquests by the Ottoman Turks reduced theability of westerners to travel by land to the East.People then spoke of gaining access to Asia by sea.
Economic motives loom large in European expan-sion. Merchants, adventurers, and state officials hadhigh hopes of expanding trade, especially for thespices of the East. The spices, which were needed topreserve and flavor food, were very expensive afterbeing shipped to Europe by Arab middlemen. Euro-peans also had hopes of finding precious metals. OneSpanish adventurer wrote that he went to the Amer-icas to give light to those who were in darkness, andto grow rich, as all men desire to do.
This statement suggests another reason for theoverseas voyages: religious zeal. Many people sharedthe belief of Hernn Corts, the Spanish conqueror ofMexico, that they must ensure that the natives areintroduced into the holy Catholic faith.
There was a third motive as well. Spiritual andsecular affairs were connected in the sixteenth cen-tury. Adventurers such as Corts wanted to convertthe natives to Christianity, but grandeur, glory, and aspirit of adventure also played a major role in Euro-pean expansion.
God, glory, and gold, then, were the chiefmotives for European expansion, but what made thevoyages possible? By the second half of the fifteenthcentury, European monarchies had increased their
190 CHAPTER 6 The Age of Exploration
DutchEnglishFrenchPortugueseSpanish
European Voyages of Discovery
For more than a hundred years European explorers sai