Continued

• Being fresh out of Tupperware, you have to invent something to store the surplus in• Pottery• Inventing pottery thrusts you into the Neolithic: New Stone Age

• Pottery shards can tell us when people invented agriculture

(The story picked up on PowerPoint)

Fertile Crescent• Great mix of biomes• Good place to invent agriculture• Being sedentary allows you to refine your culture

• Art• Religion

• Populations rise• Agricultural villages to store and protect the surplus

• Çatalhöyük and Jericho

• Unfortunately, the Fertile Crescent hill country is great for inventing agriculture, but not for expanding it• Where was there good, flat soil and water to work with?

Mesopotamia

FERTILE CRESCENT

D. Hardin

FERTILE CRESCENT

JerichoJericho

ÇatalhöyükÇatalhöyük

FERTILE CRESCENTPlant domestication

Small grains

wild grasses

wheat

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Plant domesticationSmall grains

wheat barley

rye oats

D. Hardin

FERTILE CRESCENT

Plant domesticationSmall grains

D. Hardin

FERTILE CRESCENT

orzo

couscous matza

pita

Plant domesticationVegetables

pea lentil

onion

cabbage

lettuce

carrot

turnip radish

D. Hardin

FERTILE CRESCENT

garlic

chickpea

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Opium poppy

hookah

rawopium

FERTILE CRESCENTPlant domestication

Opium

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Plant domesticationOpium

Afghanistan

FERTILE CRESCENT

Animal domesticationCattle

Auroch

D. Hardin

FERTILE CRESCENT

Animal domesticationBull as fertility symbol

D. Hardin

Theseus slaysthe Minotaur “Grab the bull by the horns”

Minoan civilization

Hathor

Egypt Spain

FERTILE CRESCENT

Animal domesticationSheep

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FERTILE CRESCENT

Paschal lamb

“Lamb of God” “Good Shepherd”

Animal domesticationGoat

D. Hardin

FERTILE CRESCENT

Animal domesticationCamel

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dromedary bactrian

FERTILE CRESCENT

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FERTILE CRESCENTNeolithic Period

Jericho10000-9000 BCE - present

D. Hardin

FERTILE CRESCENTNeolithic Period

Çatalhöyük7500 BCE to 5700 BCE

D. Hardin

FERTILE CRESCENT

JerichoJericho

ÇatalhöyükÇatalhöyük

POTAMIA

D. Hardin

MESO

Euphrates

Tigris

MESOPOTAMIAUr

D. Hardin

ziggurat

                                             

MESOPOTAMIABabylon

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Ishtar Gate

Hanging Gardens

MESOPOTAMIA

D. Hardin

MESOPOTAMIA

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Epic of Gilgamesh Hammurabi’s Code

Riparian oasis

D. Hardin

Nile River

BIOMES

Riparian oasis

D. Hardin

Hapi

Nile River

BIOMES

D. Hardin

Riparian oasisNile River

BIOMES

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Aswan High Dam

Riparian oasisNile River

BIOMES

D. Hardin

Riparian oasisNile River

BIOMES

D. Hardin

Riparian oasisNile River

BIOMES

D. Hardin

Riparian oasisNile RiverAbu Simbel

BIOMES

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Riparian oasisNile RiverAbu Simbel

BIOMES

view from plateau view to plateau

NILE VALLEYLower Egypt

Giza

D. Hardin

Upper EgyptLuxor

D. Hardin

NILE VALLEY

Upper EgyptValley of the Kings

D. Hardin

NILE VALLEY

Land of theLiving

Land of theDead

North

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Multi-Racial Society

Indo-EuropeanNubian

SemiticHamitic

NILE VALLEY

D. Hardin

CataractsNILE VALLEY

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NubiaNILE VALLEY

D. Hardin

NubiaMeroe

NILE VALLEY