Technology Transition Workshop| Brian Dalrymple Forensic Light

TechnologyTransition Workshop

The Forensic Light Source –History, Evolution,Extension & Acquisition

Technology Transition Workshop| Brian Dalrymple

Latent Fingerprint Image Enhancement: The Forensic Light Source – History, Evolution, Extension & Acquisition 2

Latent Fingerprint Image Enhancement: The Forensic Light Source – History, Evolution, Extension & Acquisition

History

Serendipity 1976Ninhydrin on black cardboardIodine?J.M. DuffIodine fluorescence in 1911Robert Olsen, Sr.Inherent fluorescence?

History

E.R. Menzel – Argon ion laserTLC plates – fingerprint fluorescenceLaser safety gogglesInherent fluorescence on black tapeRevealed and photographed by laserIdentified as suspectFirst case in history• Laser application• Fluorescence as serious tool

History

1977 – Argon Ion Laser

Laser Implications

No previous light exploitation UV fluorescent powder ineffectiveNew direction in fingerprint detection% absorption/reflectionNothing absorbs 100% of incident lightNothing reflects 100% of incident light Fixed dynamic rangeFingerprints – sub‐nanogramLimited detection sensitivity

Luminescence

0% reflected incident lightLuminescence of fingerprintLuminescence of substrateMuch wider potential dynamic rangeMuch more sensitive

1976 – Argon Laser

Fingerprints on skinFeasibility study – detection on skinFingerprint photographed on living skinDetected and photographed Immediately after deposition

Fingerprints on SkinSuppositions

Body begins decay at deathFingerprint on skin extremely fragileVulnerable to:• Time• Temperature • HumidityNot feasible on living skinSmooth hairless skin

Older manHigh heat, high humidityUntreated fingerprint on handShaking handsFingerprint classifiable Almost certainly contamination

Visitor to OPP Lab

Argon Laser – 1977

80 fraud chequesExamined by laser4 impressions locatedOne identified as suspectTreated with ninhydrin60 impressions developedSeveral suspects identifiedNot the one revealed by laser

Evolution

Circa 1980

Introduction of YAG laserPortableDurable110 V532nm emissionPulse laserLow repetition rateDiscontinued

1991 – 1992 Serial Killer

Suspect’s home discoveredHome examined by LumiliteTraces of ridge detail detected

1991 – 1992 Serial Killer

Residence examined by argon laser40 untreated impressions located

1990’s

Re‐introduction of YAG laserPortableDurable110 V532nm emissionMuch better pulse rateCoherent speckle

Results – Laser Alone1977 – 1995

Paper napkin found beside bodyOnly physical evidenceLaser examinationOne impression locatedIdentified as accusedNot detected by ninhydrin

Homicide

Valerian Trifa – 1984

Subject accused of war crimesGerman archival documentsExamined by laserImpression on postcard• Identified as subject• Recipient Heinrich Himmler• Print 42 years old

Fish Knife

Varnished wooden handleExamined by powder – negativeExamined by laser – impression foundIdentified as suspect

Failed to detonateBlack electric tapeFingerprint detected by laserIdentified as accused

Improvised Explosive Device

Alternatives

1976 – 1979

No “alternatives” on horizonAll results inherent fluorescenceNo chemical extensionsMenzel – circa 1980 – CA/R6GCombo greater than the sum of partsSingle biggest advance of last 20 years

Circa 1979 – 1980

Appearance of first laser “alternatives”• Lumilite (Canada)• Polilight® (Australia)• Omnichrome (US)Primarily for CA/R6GNo documented reporting of untreated fingerprint detection

Polilight® PL‐500

Alternate Light Sources

Much cheaper than lasersMuch safer than lasers for eyesCheaper to runAir‐cooledPortableRelatively low maintenance

Circa 1985

Menzel – zinc chloride Post ninhydrin treatmentAlmog et al. – ninhydrin analogs 5 methylthion ninhydrin5 methoxi‐ninhydrin and othersAll with fluorescent properties

Focus Now on DevelopingFluorescing Reagents

Circa 1990

C.A. Pounds – DFOFluorescing fingerprint reagentExcited by argon laser or “ALS”Ninhydrin post‐DFO reveals more detail Perceived value of laser diminished

Circa 2000

J. Almog, Israel Police ForceIndanedione Ninhydrin analogFluorescing fingerprint reagentExcited by argon laser or “ALS”

Circa 2000

Introduction of LED lightsCheaperCool, efficientRobustVery portableSpectral output similar to lamps

Circa 2006 – Semiconductor Laser

Introduction of Coherent® TracER™Optical pumped semiconductor laser110 V powerBattery option – 2 hours of cord‐free useCool, efficientRobustVery portableOutput wavelength can be engineeredCurrent version is 532nmNo coherent speckle

Semiconductor Laser

OPSC – Optically Pumped SemiconductorLasing medium is semiconductor chipOutput wavelength can be engineeredCurrent version – 532nm

Photographs courtesy of Coherent Inc.

Pig Farm

Serial killerOver 25 victimsFarm examined by laser and FLSPalm print detected by FLSIdentified as victimNot detected by laser

Filtered Lamps

1980 to presentLumilite – CanadaPolilight®OmnichromeSpex CrimeScope®

Cheaper!Lighter!

More portable!More dependable!

No speckle!

Questions?

Contact Information

Brian Dalrymple

PO Box 296, Orillia ON L3V 6J6

Canada

Tel. 705‐835‐0227

info@briandalrymple.com

Note: All images are courtesy of Brian Dalrymple unless otherwise noted.

Technology Transition Workshop| Brian Dalrymple Forensic Light

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Transcript of Technology Transition Workshop| Brian Dalrymple Forensic Light

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