Post on 12-Dec-2015
Teaching and Learning What’s the metaphor?
Student Views The Value of Schemas
Societal Views Self Schemas
Educator Views
Models of the Learner Anxiety
Models of Instruction Building Music
The Metaphor Metaphors
Metaphor Questions BUILD A METAPHOR
Last Week’s Metaphor
Teacher as …
Teaching is like being a talk-show host because:-you try to get people to talk-you set the topic-students are like an audience-there are elements of entertainment-you have to plan-you ask a lot of questions…
A child’s metaphor for the teacher… the good teacher.
Counter
Primary
Teacher as…
EpistemologicalWizard
Adolescent…
StrictnessFunGimmicksRules for TalkingTickets/PermitsFree TimeValuable Rewards
Police
PayrollOffice
Entertainer
Legislature
Teacher as…
Here’s a Good Metaphor…Teacher as Builder
How
doe
s one
go
abou
t bui
ldin
g?
Building a poem.Building a story.
Building a garden.Building a performance.
Building a song.Building a score.
Building a symphony.
Building a problem solver.
Building a thinker.
Building a piece of art.
Build a view of a teacher…
Children (The good teacher…)Adolescents (The good teacher…)
Society (Purpose of schools)Roles (Role of the Teacher)
ROLE of schools…National Post--State Of Education, Quarterly Report, September 2001
Citizenship?
Workers?
Happy People?
Good People?
Builders of the Future (i.e., parents)?
Radical change agents?
Scholars (knowledgeable inquirers)?
ROLE of schools…
National Post--State Of Education, Quarterly Report, September 2001
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Most Important
Purpose?
Workers
Citizens
Inquirers
Good Kids
Happy Kids
Parents
Radicals
What do you consider to be the ROLE of the teacher?
1. Expert (You have to know how to count… “in your head”)
2. Empathic Counselor/Therapist (Patient)
3. Manager
What are teacher roles?
Instructional ExpertCounsellorLeaderManagerModelMotivatorReflective Professional
Groups Rating Teacher Roles
0
5
10
15
20
25
Roles
Counsellor
Manager
InstructionalExpert
ReflectivePractitioner
Leader
Model
Motivator
Freq
Models of the Learner
So how is the learner viewed?
It would appear that most teachers are viewing
the learner as an amorphous unmotivated
mass….if the teacher’s role is to motivate...
Is this what the learner is like?
To help build a model of the learner, think about the best way to learn, or to maximize learning….
How do you learn best?
A popular notion of learning… we remember
10% of what we read20% of what we hear30% of what we see50% of what we see and hear70% of what is discussed with
others80% of what we experience
personally95% of what we teach to
another
I personally
would place
reading higher on
the list—say 55+
%.
Who learns the most?
About lecturing:--the listener?--the speaker?-------------the teacher?--the student?-------------the sharer?--the receiver?-------------the entertainer?--the audience?-----------
Models Of The Learner…
Tabula Rasa
Hypothesis Generator
Nativist
Constructivist
Novice-To-Expert
Check WEB Site for Models of Learners and Models of Instruction
1. Tabula Rasa Model
Latin for “blank slate” the “empty vessel” metaphor
equal at birthexperience writes its messageexperience accounts for
differences
e.g., Skinner and the behaviourists
2. Hypothesis Generator
Not just experienceWe are characterized by
intentionality:-we choose experiences-we generate hypotheses-we interpret experiences (in terms of our notions about the world)
e.g., Hull
3. Nativism Model The mind has built-in
Constraints and Capabilities
“hard-wired” to learn certain things imprinting (of goslings is pre-wired) language (LAD) –pre-programmed to learn
language social behaviours (sociobiologists—social
behaviours that are genetically pre-programmed)
e.g., Lorenz, Chomsky,
4. Constructivist Model
Learner constructs his/her worldLearner is a builder of knowledgeLearner progressively discovers
rules-that govern relationships-for abstracting significance-for generating concepts
The Constructivist Learner
The constructivist learner is:-self motivated-mastery oriented-driven by needs
to knowto organizeto understandto build meaning
e.g., Bruner and Piaget
5. Novice-to-Expert
practicallearners move from novices to expertsbased on analyses of novices and expertsevident in information processing
approaches
e.g., Rummelhart, Lindsay, Norman
The Teaching Process(Somewhat Contemporary)
Guided Discovery
Cooperative Learning
Student Centered Learning
A “Constructivist” Model
Constructivist Trends
Authentic Learning/Assessment
Messy Problems/Real Problems
Implicit Instruction Apprenticing Student empowerment Teacher as “Guide on
the side” Collaborative/Co-
operative learning
Metaphor Teacher as orchestra conductor What does an orchestra conductor build? How does an orchestra conductor operate? If this was the metaphor that informed your teaching what would
the following look like: Your teaching? Your classroom? Your students?
You are not teaching music. You are treating all curriculum
metaphorically, like music, and all classes (math, science,
history, art, reading, etc.) like an orchestra.
Metaphor: Teacher as Orchestra ConductorIf you were approaching your class much like an orchestra conductor approaches the orchestra, what might your class and teaching look like?
Examples of questions to think about…
…How does an orchestra conductor give assignments? What is the nature of these assignments? How does the orchestra conductor introduce new material? What rules would an orchestra conductor establish for behaviour in the classroom? What kind of learning activities does an orchestra conductor use or plan to use? How does an orchestra conductor assess student performance? What might the lesson plans of an orchestra conductor look like? What kinds of teaching aids might an orchestra conductor use? What might an orchestra conductor communicate to a student’s parents? How would the room be arranged? What would homework be like? What model-of-the-learner would be most prominent? What roles of the teacher would be most prominent? Least prominent? What purpose of school would be most prominent? Least prominent? What is being constructed or built?
An Orchestra Conductor is a Builder
-Building a musician-Building a section-Building a team-Building a
performance
Hand in the answers your group came up with in response to this metaphor. Make sure the names (first and last) of group participants are listed at the top of the page. Make sure they are legible.
MetaphorsPerson Metaphors Institution
MetaphorsTeacher as Sergeant MilitaryTeacher as Aerobics Instructor GymTeacher as Coach TeamTeacher as Gardener GardenTeacher as Zookeeper ZooTeacher as Nature Trail Guide NatureTeacher as Tour Guide Foreign CityTeacher as Architect BuildingTeacher as Medical Practitioner HospitalTeacher as Politician ParliamentTeacher as Orchestra Conductor StageTeacher as Researcher Lab