Teaching and Learning What’s the metaphor?

Student Views The Value of Schemas

Societal Views Self Schemas

Educator Views

Models of the Learner Anxiety

Models of Instruction Building Music

The Metaphor Metaphors

Metaphor Questions BUILD A METAPHOR

Last Week’s Metaphor

Teacher as …

Teaching is like being a talk-show host because:-you try to get people to talk-you set the topic-students are like an audience-there are elements of entertainment-you have to plan-you ask a lot of questions…

A child’s metaphor for the teacher… the good teacher.

Counter

Primary

Teacher as…

EpistemologicalWizard

Junior…

PatienceFunFairness

Counselor

Entertainer

Judge

Teacher as…

Adolescent…

StrictnessFunGimmicksRules for TalkingTickets/PermitsFree TimeValuable Rewards

Police

PayrollOffice

Entertainer

Legislature

Teacher as…

Here’s a Good Metaphor…Teacher as Builder

How

doe

s one

go

abou

t bui

ldin

g?

Building a poem.Building a story.

Building a garden.Building a performance.

Building a song.Building a score.

Building a symphony.

Building a problem solver.

Building a thinker.

Building a piece of art.

Build a view of a teacher…

Children (The good teacher…)Adolescents (The good teacher…)

Society (Purpose of schools)Roles (Role of the Teacher)

ROLE of schools…National Post--State Of Education, Quarterly Report, September 2001

Citizenship?

Workers?

Happy People?

Good People?

Builders of the Future (i.e., parents)?

Radical change agents?

Scholars (knowledgeable inquirers)?

ROLE of schools…

National Post--State Of Education, Quarterly Report, September 2001

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Most Important

Purpose?

Workers

Citizens

Inquirers

Good Kids

Happy Kids

Parents

Radicals

What do you consider to be the ROLE of the teacher?

1. Expert (You have to know how to count… “in your head”)

2. Empathic Counselor/Therapist (Patient)

3. Manager

What are teacher roles?

Instructional ExpertCounsellorLeaderManagerModelMotivatorReflective Professional

Groups Rating Teacher Roles

0

5

10

15

20

25

Roles

Counsellor

Manager

InstructionalExpert

ReflectivePractitioner

Leader

Model

Motivator

Freq

Models of the Learner

So how is the learner viewed?

It would appear that most teachers are viewing

the learner as an amorphous unmotivated

mass….if the teacher’s role is to motivate...

Is this what the learner is like?

To help build a model of the learner, think about the best way to learn, or to maximize learning….

How do you learn best?

A popular notion of learning… we remember

10% of what we read20% of what we hear30% of what we see50% of what we see and hear70% of what is discussed with

others80% of what we experience

personally95% of what we teach to

another

I personally

would place

reading higher on

the list—say 55+

%.

Who learns the most?

About lecturing:--the listener?--the speaker?-------------the teacher?--the student?-------------the sharer?--the receiver?-------------the entertainer?--the audience?-----------

Models Of The Learner…

Tabula Rasa

Hypothesis Generator

Nativist

Constructivist

Novice-To-Expert

Check WEB Site for Models of Learners and Models of Instruction

1. Tabula Rasa Model

Latin for “blank slate” the “empty vessel” metaphor

equal at birthexperience writes its messageexperience accounts for

differences

e.g., Skinner and the behaviourists

2. Hypothesis Generator

Not just experienceWe are characterized by

intentionality:-we choose experiences-we generate hypotheses-we interpret experiences (in terms of our notions about the world)

e.g., Hull

3. Nativism Model The mind has built-in

Constraints and Capabilities

“hard-wired” to learn certain things imprinting (of goslings is pre-wired) language (LAD) –pre-programmed to learn

language social behaviours (sociobiologists—social

behaviours that are genetically pre-programmed)

e.g., Lorenz, Chomsky,

4. Constructivist Model

Learner constructs his/her worldLearner is a builder of knowledgeLearner progressively discovers

rules-that govern relationships-for abstracting significance-for generating concepts

The Constructivist Learner

The constructivist learner is:-self motivated-mastery oriented-driven by needs

to knowto organizeto understandto build meaning

e.g., Bruner and Piaget

5. Novice-to-Expert

practicallearners move from novices to expertsbased on analyses of novices and expertsevident in information processing

approaches

e.g., Rummelhart, Lindsay, Norman

Which model is evident here?

1.

Telling a story…

The Teaching Process(Somewhat Traditional)

Drill

Direct Instruction

Telling

The “Mug & Jug” Model

The Teaching Process(Somewhat Contemporary)

Guided Discovery

Cooperative Learning

Student Centered Learning

A “Constructivist” Model

Constructivist Trends

Authentic Learning/Assessment

Messy Problems/Real Problems

Implicit Instruction Apprenticing Student empowerment Teacher as “Guide on

the side” Collaborative/Co-

operative learning

Metaphor

Teacher as Builder

Metaphor Teacher as orchestra conductor What does an orchestra conductor build? How does an orchestra conductor operate? If this was the metaphor that informed your teaching what would

the following look like: Your teaching? Your classroom? Your students?

You are not teaching music. You are treating all curriculum

metaphorically, like music, and all classes (math, science,

history, art, reading, etc.) like an orchestra.

Metaphor: Teacher as Orchestra ConductorIf you were approaching your class much like an orchestra conductor approaches the orchestra, what might your class and teaching look like?

Examples of questions to think about…

…How does an orchestra conductor give assignments? What is the nature of these assignments? How does the orchestra conductor introduce new material? What rules would an orchestra conductor establish for behaviour in the classroom? What kind of learning activities does an orchestra conductor use or plan to use? How does an orchestra conductor assess student performance? What might the lesson plans of an orchestra conductor look like? What kinds of teaching aids might an orchestra conductor use? What might an orchestra conductor communicate to a student’s parents? How would the room be arranged? What would homework be like? What model-of-the-learner would be most prominent? What roles of the teacher would be most prominent? Least prominent? What purpose of school would be most prominent? Least prominent? What is being constructed or built?

An Orchestra Conductor is a Builder

-Building a musician-Building a section-Building a team-Building a

performance

Hand in the answers your group came up with in response to this metaphor. Make sure the names (first and last) of group participants are listed at the top of the page. Make sure they are legible.

Teacher as researcher

http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/edfac/morton/use_of_metaphor.htm

MetaphorsPerson Metaphors Institution

MetaphorsTeacher as Sergeant MilitaryTeacher as Aerobics Instructor GymTeacher as Coach TeamTeacher as Gardener GardenTeacher as Zookeeper ZooTeacher as Nature Trail Guide NatureTeacher as Tour Guide Foreign CityTeacher as Architect BuildingTeacher as Medical Practitioner HospitalTeacher as Politician ParliamentTeacher as Orchestra Conductor StageTeacher as Researcher Lab

Building Music

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