Be seated in your desk, and start answering Bell Ringer #17 and #18 right away.

Please be quiet and ready to work.

Warmup:

What is Objective 1 All About?This part of TAKS tests your ability to:

A) Plan and implement investigative procedures including asking questions, formulating testable hypothesis, and selecting equipment and technology;

B) Collect data and take measurements with precision;C) Organize, analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and

predict trends from data; andD) Communicate valid conclusions.

Planning an ExperimentAll Experiments BEGIN WITH A QUESTION.

TAKS loves to ask about questions.For example: “Which question can best be

answered by the following experiment?”

So you need to know what kind of questions experiments investigate, and how they investigate them.

HypothesisA hypothesis is a testable explanation of a

question or problem, that relates two variables (the independent and dependent).

Q: What does “testable” mean?A: A testable hypothesis is one that can be

tested by experimentation.

Are these testable hypothesis?“Reaction rates are affected by dust clouds.”

YES. Reaction rates are measurable.“Cats that eat Purina brand cat food are happier.”

NO. You cannot measure or test cat emotions.“Drinking tea will lower blood pressure.”YES. Blood pressure and tea consumption are measurable.

“Skipping school causes students to have lower grades.”YES. Grades and school missed are both measurable.

But wait!Make sure that your answer:

+ Shows the relationship tested in the experiment (it talks about the thing that is changed, and the thing that is measured)

+ States them in the right order. “The amount of Wheaties you eat affects

how you do on TAKS.”“How you do on TAKS affects the amount

of Wheaties that you eat.”?

Independent

Dependent

But wait!Make sure that your answer:

+ Shows the relationship tested in the experiment (it talks about the thing that is changed, and the thing that is measured)

+ States them in the right order. “The amount of Wheaties you eat affects

how you do on TAKS.” Makes Sense!“How you do on TAKS affects the amount

of Wheaties that you eat.”?

What Question?Looking at the experimental setup shown, what do you think the question was?

What Question?We can look at what they’re changing, which is how the shark detects the fish, and what they’re measuring.

Their question is probably: “How does a shark detect its pray?

My ExperimentTemperature 1st Mile 2 Miles 3 Miles

50 degrees 5:38 12:01 19:0470 degrees 5:31 11:53 18:3090 degrees 6:01 14:04 23:11

My ExperimentTemperature 1st Mile 2 Miles 3 Miles

50 degrees 5:38 12:01 19:0470 degrees 5:31 11:53 18:3090 degrees 6:01 14:04 23:11

What am I changing? What am I measuring?

Temperature (Independent)

Time (Dependent)

What if we’re wrong?What if I hypothesized that I would run

faster as the weather got hotter? I would go back and make a new

hypothesis, based on the observations.The MORE TIMES you do an experiment,

or the BIGGER SAMPLE (number of subjects), the MORE VALID your data will be because it’s MORE REPRESENTATIVE!

All Roads Lead to a ConclusionThe conclusion is whatever connection

between variables that your data supports.

Often, TAKS will ask you for the best conclusion that is supported by a diagram, such as a graph or table.

LOOK AT THE GRAPH.Learn it, LOVE it, then USE it to answer the question.

know your equipment?Which of these would be best for precisely

measuring 40 mL of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)?

BeakerErlenmeyer flask Graduated cylinder Test tube

equipmentWhich of these would be best for precisely

measuring 40 mL of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)?

BeakerErlenmeyer flask Graduated cylinder Test tube

reading graduated cylindersRemember: The bottom of the curve is where

you need to make your reading. Make sure to check the increments!

What does this read?

19.4 mL

other equipment

Pippette

Balance

Balance

Round-bottom flask

Thermometer

BunsenBurner

remember safety:Which lab setup would be appropriate to use in

heating 100 mL of water to the boiling point?A A 10 mL test tube held above a Bunsen burnerB A 200 mL beaker placed on a hot plateC A thermal coil inside a 100 mL cylinderD A sealed 300 mL flask in a warm-water bath

remember safety:Which lab setup would be appropriate to use in

heating 100 mL of water to the boiling point?A A 10 mL (TOO SMALL) test tube held above a

Bunsen burnerB A 200 mL beaker placed on a hot plateC A thermal coil (WTF?) inside a 100 mL cylinderD A sealed (BAD IDEA) 300 mL flask in a warm-

water bath

more safety:• Know your chemicals– watch

for corrosive substances• Always ADD ACID to water,

never add water to acid.• Do not handle hot or super

cold containers without proper holders.

• When heating a substance, aim it away from everyone.

safety with gases• Odors are tested by wafting. • Reactions which produce gases

should be done in a fume hood. • Gases should be trapped only in a

large volume container to provide for rapid expansion.

Okay, so the key points:• Strong experiments have variables that we change and

measure.• These are the independent and dependent variables, and are

part of the question, hypothesis, and data sections of the scientific method.

• We use equipment safely to make sure that our measurements are as precise and valid as possible.

• To answer these questions on TAKS, use the diagrams / graphs / tables and THINK through the problem.

Independent PracticeYou have about 12:00 to do these five problems. That’s a little less than three minutes a problem.

Please do your own work. Mark your answer on the back, and stay quiet until we’re all done.

I want this to be as close to the TAKS environment as possible, so we can train our brains.

12:00

Independent PracticeYou have about 12:00 to do these five problems. That’s a little less than three minutes a problem.

Please do your own work. Mark your answer on the back, and stay quiet until we’re all done.

I want this to be as close to the TAKS environment as possible, so we can train our brains.

11:00

Independent PracticeYou have about 12:00 to do these five problems. That’s a little less than three minutes a problem.

Please do your own work. Mark your answer on the back, and stay quiet until we’re all done.

I want this to be as close to the TAKS environment as possible, so we can train our brains.

10:00

Independent PracticeYou have about 12:00 to do these five problems. That’s a little less than three minutes a problem.

Please do your own work. Mark your answer on the back, and stay quiet until we’re all done.

I want this to be as close to the TAKS environment as possible, so we can train our brains.

9:00

Independent PracticeYou have about 12:00 to do these five problems. That’s a little less than three minutes a problem.

Please do your own work. Mark your answer on the back, and stay quiet until we’re all done.

I want this to be as close to the TAKS environment as possible, so we can train our brains.

8:00

Independent PracticeYou have about 12:00 to do these five problems. That’s a little less than three minutes a problem.

Please do your own work. Mark your answer on the back, and stay quiet until we’re all done.

I want this to be as close to the TAKS environment as possible, so we can train our brains.

7:00

Independent PracticeYou have about 12:00 to do these five problems. That’s a little less than three minutes a problem.

Please do your own work. Mark your answer on the back, and stay quiet until we’re all done.

I want this to be as close to the TAKS environment as possible, so we can train our brains.

6:00

Independent PracticeYou have about 12:00 to do these five problems. That’s a little less than three minutes a problem.

Please do your own work. Mark your answer on the back, and stay quiet until we’re all done.

I want this to be as close to the TAKS environment as possible, so we can train our brains.

5:00

Independent PracticeYou have about 12:00 to do these five problems. That’s a little less than three minutes a problem.

Please do your own work. Mark your answer on the back, and stay quiet until we’re all done.

I want this to be as close to the TAKS environment as possible, so we can train our brains.

4:00

Independent PracticeYou have about 12:00 to do these five problems. That’s a little less than three minutes a problem.

Please do your own work. Mark your answer on the back, and stay quiet until we’re all done.

I want this to be as close to the TAKS environment as possible, so we can train our brains.

3:00

Independent PracticeYou have about 12:00 to do these five problems. That’s a little less than three minutes a problem.

Please do your own work. Mark your answer on the back, and stay quiet until we’re all done.

I want this to be as close to the TAKS environment as possible, so we can train our brains.

2:00

Independent PracticeYou have about 12:00 to do these five problems. That’s a little less than three minutes a problem.

Please do your own work. Mark your answer on the back, and stay quiet until we’re all done.

I want this to be as close to the TAKS environment as possible, so we can train our brains.

1:00

Practice Question 1

Which of these questions can best be answered with this experimental setup?

A Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?

B What happens to salt as elodea sues water?

C Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?

D Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10 days.

Practice Question 1

Which of these questions can best be answered with this experimental setup?

A Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?

B What happens to salt as elodea sues water?

C Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?

D Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10 days.

Practice Question 2Which set of equipment would be best to use to

test the effect of temperature on solution acidity?

A A balance and a thermometer

B A pH meter and a barometer

C A balance and litmus paper

D A thermometer and a pH meter

Practice Question 2Which set of equipment would be best to use to

test the effect of temperature on solution acidity?

A A balance and a thermometer

B A pH meter and a barometer

C A balance and litmus paper

D A thermometer and a pH meter

Practice Question 3In experiments, a benefit of larger sample sizes

would be more –

A Variables

B Representative data

C Time per group

D Control groups

Practice Question 3In experiments, a benefit of larger sample sizes

would be more –

A Variables

B Representative data

C Time per group

D Control groups

Practice Question 4Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three

layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the information above?

A The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of Liquid 3.

B The volume of liquid 1 is less than the volume of Liquid 3.

C The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of Liquid 2.

D The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater that the buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Practice Question 4Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three

layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the information above?

A The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of Liquid 3.

B The volume of liquid 1 is less than the volume of Liquid 3.

C The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of Liquid 2.

D The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater that the buoyancy of Liquid 1.

MASS = The amount of matter in something,

measured using a balance.

VOLUME = The space something takes up,

measured with a beaker or graduated cylinder.

DENSITY = A measure of how much mass is in a

certain amount of space. Found using the formula:

D = m / v.BUOYANCY = A force pushing things up.

Practice Question 4Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three

layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the information above?

A The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of Liquid 3.

B The volume of liquid 1 is less than the volume of Liquid 3.

C The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of Liquid 2.

D The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater that the buoyancy of Liquid 1.

Practice Question 5In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm

onto five different materials. The rebound height of each drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following describes the hypothesis most likely being tested?

A The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.

B The material the ball is made of affects the rebound height.

C The height the ball is dropped from affects the rebound height.

D The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the rebound height.

Practice Question 5In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm

onto five different materials. The rebound height of each drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following describes the hypothesis most likely being tested?

A The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.

B The material the ball is made of affects the rebound height.

C The height the ball is dropped from affects the rebound height.

D The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the rebound height.

Practice Question 5In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm

onto five different materials. The rebound height of each drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following describes the hypothesis most likely being tested?

A The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.

B The material the ball is made of affects the rebound height.

C The height the ball is dropped from affects the rebound height.

D The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the rebound height.

Please grade your TAKS sheet, fill in your percent mastery, and write your reflection.

Please tell me what you did or didn’t understand from today:

Variables, hypothesis, conclusions,equipment, safety, analyzing graphs, density,

or anything else you need help with!

Percent Guide:

5 / 5 = 100%4 / 5 = 80%3 / 5 = 60%2 / 5 = 40% 1 / 5 = 20%