Post on 04-Jun-2018
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SYRI N W R CRISIS
BHAVYA
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CONTENTS
About Syria Background
International reaction
Six-point peace plan for Syria
Geneva communiqu Use of Chemical weapons
Escalation to war crisis
Russias intervention and deal
Role of OPCW
Chemical weapon convention
Geneva II talks
Conclusion
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ABOUTSYRIA
A country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and
the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the
north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and
Israel to the southwest.
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Capital Damascus; Largest city
Aleppo
Bashar al-Assad has been president
since 2000 and was preceded by his
father Hasef al-Assad, who was in
office from 1970 to 2000.
Since 2011, Syria is engaged in a civil
war, which turned into war crisis in
2013
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BACKGROUND
Assad's father seized power in a 1970 coup. Hafez al-Assad ruled Syria with a firm hand and was accused of
numerous human rights abuses over the years.
Bashar al-Assad presented himself as a reformer when
he succeeded his father in 2000. But critics have called any changes largely superficial
and resulted in protests in March 2011, demanding
Assads resignation and democratic reforms
Protests were brutally suppressedAn armed rebellion to the regime soon took hold across
Syria, dragging the country into a full-scale civil war.
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INTERNATIONALREACTION
The Arab League, European Union, the United Nations,
and many Western governments quickly condemned the
Syrian government's violent response to the protests,
and expressed support for the protesters' right to
exercise free speech.
Initially, many Middle Eastern governments expressedsupport for Assad, but as the death toll mounted, they
switched to a more balanced approach, criticizing
violence from both government and protesters.
Both the Arab League and the Organization of IslamicCorporation suspended Syria's membership.
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Russia and China vetoed Western-drafted UNSCresolutions in 2011 and 2012, which would have
threatened the Syrian government with targeted
sanctions if it continued military actions against
protestors.
On 23 February 2012, the evening before an
international Friends of Syria conference organized
by the Arab League in Tunisia, The UN and the Arab
League together appointed Kofi Annan as their envoy
to Syria
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SIX-POINTPEACEPLANFORSYRIA
Kofi Annan launched(March 2012) a six-point peaceplan for Syriathat provided for a ceasefire in Syria
1. Work with the international envoy
2. End violence by all parties under UN cease-fire;
Syrian army to stop using heavy weapons and
withdraw from population centers
3. Allow humanitarian aid
4. Free detainees
5. Ensure freedom of movement for journalists
6.
Respect peaceful demonstrations
The peace plan practically collapsed by early June and Annan officially
resigned in frustration on 2 August 2012; Lakhdar Brahimi was
appointed as the new special envoy to Syria
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GENEVACOMMUNIQU Result of Peace conference for Syria in June 2012
It laid out a step by step plan intended to stop the violenceand move the two sides towards a political settlement.
Besides six-point plan
agreed on guidelines and principles for a political
transition that meets the legitimate aspirations of theSyrian people
calls for the establishment of a transitional governingbody that would exercise full executive powers. with
members from both sides. agreed on actions they would take to implement the
above in support of the Joint Special Envoys efforts tofacilitate a Syrian-led political process.
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USEOFCHEMICALWEAPONS The UN received complaints about possible chemical
attacks on 16 occasions in Syrian civil war. The UN inspectors confirmed use of sarin gas in 4
cases. The reports, however, did not blame any party ofusing chemical weapons.
The Syrian government has been accused ofconducting several chemical attacks, the most seriousof them being the Aug 2013 Ghouta attack.
This triggered strong
international reactions
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ESCALATIONTOWARCRISIS
United States President Barack Obama said the USmilitary should strike targets in Syria to retaliate for the
government's purported use of chemical weapons.
It was condemned by Russia
The Arab League stated it would support military actionagainst Syria in the event of UN support
US prepared to attack Syria. But with mounting
international pressure, to avoid another Iraq andAfghanistan situation, Obama agreed to seek Congress
approval for military action against Bashar al-Assads
regime
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RUSSIASINTERVENTIONANDTHEDEAL
Russia proposed a framework to eliminate Syria's
chemical weapons. US agreed to give a chance to Syria as per proposal
The deal :
Syria must submit a comprehensive list of its
chemical weapons stockpile within one week;
initial inspections of declared chemical weapons sites
must be completed by November;
all production and mixing and filling equipment must
be destroyed by November;
all chemical weapons material must be eliminated by
mid-2014.
Syria welcomed the deal to surrender chemical weapons;
US dropped idea to strike Syria
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ROLEOFOPCW
Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons was
given the responsibility of overseeing the destruction ofSyria's chemical weapons arsenal under an agreement
reached between the US and Syrian ally Russia
Mr. Ahmet Uzumcu, is the Director General of OPCW
Syria acceded to the Chemical Weapon Convention OPCW prepared a Destruction Plan for Syrian chemical
weapons and its execution began.
The destruction of Syria's declared chemical weapons
production, mixing, and filling equipment wassuccessfully completed by the October 31 deadline.
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CHEMICAL WEAPON CONVENTION
An arms control treaty which outlaws the production, stockpiling, anduse of chemical weapons and their precursors.
administered by the OPCW, an intergovernmental organizationbased in The Hague, Netherlands.
The treaty entered into force in 1997; 190 members
The Convention contains four key provisions:
1. destroying all existing chemical weapons under
international verification by the OPCW
2. monitoring chemical industry to prevent new
weapons from re-emerging
3. providing assistance and protection to StatesParties against chemical threats
4. fostering international cooperation to strengthen
implementation of the Convention and promote
the peaceful use of chemistry.
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GENEVAII TALKS an UN-backed international peace conference on the future
of Syria with the aim of ending the Syrian Civil War, bybringing together the Syrian government and the Syrian
opposition to discuss the clear steps towards a transitional
government for Syria with full executive powers.
The conference took place on 22 January 2014 in Montreuxand on 2329 January 2014 in Geneva
It is pursued by UN peace envoy to Syria Lakhdar Brahimi in
close cooperation with the United States and Russia
Objectives to bring face-to-face two parties to discuss how toimplement the Geneva Communiqu , end the war, and start
a process toward a New Syrian republic
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CONTINUED Talk opened with dispute over resignation of Mr. Assad.
And two sides refused to face each other on negotiationtable.
Mediator Lakhdar Brahimi finally convinced two sides
However, the opposition and syrian delegation again
broke into issues like Evacuation of victims from Homs
humanitarian aid to Homs
Control of terrorism and Transitional government or
peoples vote
Both agreed to base Geneva Communiqu for further
negotiations
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CONCLUSION
Syrian war crisis resolved because of deliberations andhave averted chain reaction in West Asia.
Problem of Syrian civil war still exists which is affecting
innocent syrians as well as neighbouring countries
I hope good will prevails and Geneva 2 results in a plan
for peaceful political settlement in Syria
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THANKYOU