Symbiosis“Sym” means together.

“Bio” means life

“Symbiosis” means “living together”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTGcS7vJqbsSymbiosis 2:33 min

6 Types of Symbiosis• Mutualism

• both species benefit

• Commensalism

• one species benefits, the other is unaffected

• Parasitism

• one species benefits, the other is harmed

• Predation

• one organism captures and consumes another.

• Cooperation

• Organisms work together to improve their chances of survival.

• Competition

• Organisms compete for the resources they need to survive- air, water, food, and space.

http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/ecosystems/symbiosis.htmStudy Jams 3:45 min

Mutualismhttp://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=the+feeling+is+mutualDefinitionhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVRL_MIr7RsMutualsims 3:12- music

• If you say to someone "The feeling is mutual" you are telling that person that you agree with them - your opinions, thoughts, feelings mirror theirs.

• You're tired of my face? The feeling is mutual.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=miSS18UVNLwMutualsims 35 sec

MutualismBoth organisms benefit from the relationship

The bird is cleaning the crocodiles teeth, which helps the crocodile, and the bird is getting food.

Crocodile & Bird

Another Example…Bee & Flower

This bee is pollinating the flower so the flower can grow and reproduce better. The bee is also benefiting from this because it gets energy from the nectar.

Cleaner Fish and the Moray EelThe cleaner shrimp eats parasites and food bits out of the inside of this moray eel. It gets a meal and is protected from predators by the fierce eel.

Yucca Plants and Yucca MothsThe moth’s larvae depend on the seeds of the yucca plant for food, and the yucca plant can only be pollinated by the yucca moth.

The Honey Guide Bird & the Ratel• The Honey Guide loves to eat wax bee hives, but is

too small to enter the beehives and it is afraid to get stung… 

• The badger loves to eat honey but cannot find the hives.

• The Honey Guide bird knows this. When she finds a badger on the ground, she comes close to it and produces chirping sounds. The Honey Badger follow her to a hive.

• The Honey Badger breaks the hive apart with his strong claws. He eats all the honey and leaves the wax for the Honey Guide!

CommensalismOne species benefits while the other is unaffected

As cattle and other livestock graze on the field, they cause movements that stir up insects. The cattle egrets following the livestock feed on them.

The Cattle Egret and Cattle

The egrets benefit from this relationship because the livestock have helped them find their meals, while the livestock are typically unaffected by it.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrE05fvMx_oCommensalism 1:26 min

Barnacles and Whales

The barnacles attach to the whale and feed on the plankton where ever the whale swims. The barnacles don’t harm the whale.

Remoa Fish and SharkThe remora fish attaches to the shark by a sucker in it's mouth. It travels everywhere the shark goes. It eats any parasites on the shark which helps keep the shark clean. It also eats any leftover food from the shark.

The remora (sucker fish) gets to eat and the shark is not affected.

Oak Gall Wasps and Oak Trees

• The oak gall wasp stings the oak tree.

• the tree then grows a GALL which is a nest for the wasp’s babies.

• When the larva hatch, they eat their way out of the gall.

• Does not help or hurt the oak tree

Parasitism• One species benefits while the other is harmed.

Mistletoe and Tree

Mistletoe is an parasite that has no roots of its own and lives off the tree that it attaches itself to. Without that tree it would die.

It slowly chokes out the life of the host tree.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMG-LWyNcAs Parasitism 4:43 min

Parasitism….

• Usually, although parasites harm their hosts, it is in the parasite's best interest not to kill the host, because it relies on the host's body to live.

Caterpillar and Wasp

The adult wasps sting the caterpillar, injecting their eggs.  The eggs hatch and devour the caterpillar from the inside, being careful not to disrupt any vital functions.  Eventually they emerge and spin cocoons of silk in which they transition from larvae to adult. 

The wasps could not survive without  caterpillars in the same family (although the caterpillar would do just fine without the wasps). 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMG-LWyNcAsCaterpillar and Wasp 4:44 min

Ticks and Dogs• Ticks feed off the

dogs blood and sometimes causes the dog disease.

• The fleas, in turn, get food and a warm home.

Page 7 Interactive Notebook

Both Species BenefitExample: Bee and a Flower.•The bee is pollinating the flower so the flower can grow and reproduce better. •The bee is also benefiting from this because it gets energy from the pollen.

One Species Benefits the other is NOT affected.Example: Barnacles and a Whale.•The barnacles attach to the whale and feed on the plankton where ever the whale swims. •The barnacles don’t harm the whale.

One Species Benefits the other is harmedExample: Tick and Dog•Ticks feed off the dogs blood and sometimes causes the dog disease.•The fleas, in turn, get food and a warm home.

Predation is a relationship where one organism captures and consumes another.

Predator- organism doing the capturing.

Prey- organisms being captured.

Predation

The snake (predator) captures the mouse (prey).

•A predators survival depends on its ability to catch its prey.

•A prey’s survival depends on it ability to avoid being caught.

Grey Wolf and Moose

• Predator: Grey Wolf

• Prey: Moose

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdwnfPurXcs&list=PL0B046BC0258BFBC7&index=3Isle Royale 6:29 min

CooporationIndividual organisms often “work together” cooperate in ways that improve the odds of

survival. • Monkeys live in social groups which gives them the advantages like protection of food sources against competitors.

Cooporation• Wolves hunt in packs to increase their

odds of capturing prey.

Cooperation: Lions

• Group hunting allows a lionesses to have greater success in capturing prey.

• Group life allows mothers to care for, feed and better protect their cubs increasing their odds for survival.

CooperationZebra and Wildebeest

• Zebra and wildebeest alert each other to the presence of predators.

CooporationAnts

• Ants cooperate to get food.

• They also have specialized jobs within their colony.

http://www.popsci.com/crazy-ants-cooperate-carry-food13 sec

CompetitionOrganisms compete for the

resources they need to survive- food, water, shelter, mates and

space. • Lions and hyenas for food resources and living space

Competition

• Hippos and crocs compete for river space (living space)

Competition

• Two wolf compete for food and mates on Isle Royale.

Ticket out the door…1. Give an example of a type of cooperation that the wolves exhibit.

2. What relationship do the wolf and the moose share?

3. What type of relationship do the wolves share if they are fighting for a mate?