Post on 03-Apr-2018
7/28/2019 SWITCHING ARCHITECTURES
1/25
X[JYHMJFK BWHMJYLHY\WLX Xmbrli.Nlnery Brhmjtlhturl
Xmbrli.Nlijun Brhmjtlhturl
Xpbhl.Ijvjsjef BrhmjtlhturlHressgbr Xwjthmjfk
Gbfybf.Gbsli Xwjthmjfk
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2/25
-2*XMBWLI.NLNEWZ BWHMJYLHY\WL \sls hennef pee` ed nlnery te guddlr pbhalts der b``
jf`lts bfi eut`lts&
Iub` pert nlnery?
Slrnjts sjnu`tbfleus rlbi bfi wrjtl eplrbtjefs&
Wliuhls tml tjnl rlqujrli te plrdern b slt ed eplrbtjefs gymb`d&
Ehhupjls nerl spbhl tmbf b sjfk`l pert nlnery& Lxbnp`ls?
HFLYs Srl`uil swjthm&
Mjtbhmjs smbrli guddlr swjthm&
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3/25
JfputNeiu`l
Nlnery Heftre``lr
JfputNeiu`l
EutputNeiu`l
EutputNeiu`l
Hlftrb`
Nlnery
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4/25
ESLWBYJEFX?
JFS\Y LFI? Sbhalts dren b`` jf`lts nu`tjp`lxli jfte sjfk`lstrlbn, wrjttlf te iub` pert nlnery&
E\YS\Y LFI? Sbhalts rlbi eut slqulftjb``y,ilnu`tjp`lxli ef tml gbsjs ed tmljr eutkejfk pert jilftjdjlr&
NLNEWZ HEFYWE@@LW? Ilhjils tml erilr jf wmjhmpbhalts brl wrjttlf bfi rlbi eut&
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5/25
Bsplhts ed Xmbrli.Nlnery Brhmjtlhturl
Guddlrjfk?
Xmbrli guddlrjfk Bpprebhm& Nu`tj.hbstjfk?
Fet wl`` sujtli der grebihbstjfk%nu`tjhbstjfk iul tehlftrb`jzli bpprebhm&
Ywe tlhmfjquls tmbt jfherperbtl nu`tjhbstjfk?Hepy Fltweras?/ Nbals nu`tjp`l hepjls ed b nu`tjhbst pbhalt glderl pbhalt
lftlrs tml swjthm&/ Bdtlr tmjs, lbhm pbhalt trlbtli bs ufjhbst pbhalt&
/ Fe& ed hepjls js lqub` te Fe& ed eut`lts te wmjhm erjkjfb`nu`tjhbst pbhalt wbs ilstjfli mbvjfk ijstjfht `bgl`&
/ Xjnp`jdjls jftlrfb` ilsjkf ed swjthm&/ Henp`jhbtli `ekjh js fllili bt glkjffjfk&
/ \fflhlssbry wbstbkl ed guddlrs bfi jftlrfb` hbpbhjty&
7/28/2019 SWITCHING ARCHITECTURES
6/25
Biirlss Guddlrjfk?
/ Jfstlbi ed nbajfk nu`tjp`l hepjls ed pbhalts tmlnsl`vls,nu`tjp`l hepjls ed pbhalt biirlssls brl nbil&
/ [mlf b nu`tjhbst pbhalt brrjvls, b pejftlr lftry js hepjli jflbhm ed `ekjhb` qululs ed ilstjfli eut`lt&
/ Hefsjilrbg`l nlnery sbvli&
/ Xmbrli nlnery smeu`i eplrbtl bt F7 tjnls pert splli&
/ Jd F nu`tjhbst pbhalts brrjvl ilstjfli der b`` tml eut`lts,nlnery nust ie wrjtl F7 eplrbtjefs&
/ Hbf hbusl slvlrl shb`bgj`jty preg`lns&
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7/25
Xhb`bgj`jty?
Xmbrli nlnery iels fet shb`l vlry wl``&
Nbjf preg`ln js Nlnery @eea.up tjnl& Der henp`ltl`y fef.g`ehajfk glmbvjer, getm rlbi bfi
wrjtl nust tbal p`bhl bt F tjnls tml pert splli&
Der F/F swjthm, mbvjfk
/ `jfas eplrbtjfk bt b splli T,/ Gus wjitm w,
/ Nlnery splli rlqujrli der sjfk`l pert js -7FT%w* Mz
/ Nlnery splli rlqujrli der iub` pert js -FT%w* Mz
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8/25
-7*XMBWLI.NLIJ\N
BWHMJYLHY\WL
B grebihbst nlijun js usli te swjthm pbhalts te tmljrilstjfli eut`lts&
Grebihbstjfk iefl tmreukm Yjnl Ijvjsjefnu`tjp`lxjfk&
Lxbnp`ls?
Derl Xystlns BX.]733 swjthm
FLHs BYEN swjthm
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9/25
JfputNeiu`l
Jfput
Neiu`l
Eutput
Neiu`l
EutputNeiu`l
XwjthmjfkDbgrjh
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F
Dj`tlrjfk%Guddlrjfk
Dj`tlrjfk%Guddlrjfk
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10/25
ESLWBYJEFX? JFS\Y NEI\@L?
Iltlrnjfls tml eutkejfk pert ed pbhalt bs jt brrjvls&
Yml eutkejfk pert b`efk wjtm etmlr jfdernbtjef `jal nu`tj.hbst jilftjdjlr, pbhalt prjerjty lth& js bttbhmli te tml pbhalt jfdern ed b reutjfk tbk wmjhm js usli der sugslqulftprehlssjfk ed tml pbhalt&
Sbhalt js tmlf grebihbstli te lbhm eut`lt, usjfk tml
grebihbstjfk nlijun&
E\YS\Y NEI\@L?
Biirlss dj`tlrs ilheil tml eutkejfk pert biirlss ed lbhm
pbhalt& Jd pbhalt js ilstjfli der tmbt eut`lt, tml pbhalt js hepjli te
tml eutput guddlr, etmlrwjsl, tml pbhalt js ijshbrili&
Guddlrli pbhalts brl slrvli bs bfi wmlf tml eutkejfktrbfsnjssjef `jfa js drll&
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11/25
Bsplhts ed Xmbrli.Nlijun Brhmjtlhturl Guddlrjfk?Eutput Guddlrjfk js usli&
Nust eplrbtl bt F tjnls tml pert splli& Lbhm dj`tlrjfk bfi guddlrjfk neiu`l b`se rlqujrls tmjs splli.up
dbhter&
Nu`tj.hbstjfk?Ef`y rlqujrlnlft js tmbt biirlss dj`tlr nust gl hbpbg`l ed
rlhekfjzjfk b nu`tj.hbst biirlss&Iefl gy Gjt.nbp vlhter -b slt gjt eut`lt herrlspefijfk te tmjs
gjt nust bhhlpt tml pbhalt*&
Xhb`bgj`jty? Xplli.up dbhter mbnplrs shb`bgj`jty&Fet Xujtbg`l der `brkl swjthmjfk systlns& Der F/F swjthm, mbvjfk
/ `jfas eplrbtjfk bt b splli T,
/ Gus wjitm w,
/ Nlnery splli rlqujrli js -FT%w* Mz 22
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12/25
-8*XSBHL.IJTJXJEF
BWHMJYLHY\WL Hressgbr Xwjthmjfk
Gbfybf.Gbsli Xwjthmjfk
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13/25
-8*-j*HWEXXGBW X[JYHMJFK Hefsjsts ed F/F nbtrjx ed hresspejfts lbhm ed wmjhm hbf ljtmlr
gl lfbg`li er ijsbg`li&
[mlf b hresspejft js lfbg`li, b ilijhbtli pbtm js slt gltwllfbf jf`lt bfi bf eut`lt&
Der preplr dufhtjefjfk ed swjthm, ef`y efl hresspejftherrlspefijfk te bf eutput `jfa hbf gl lfbg`li&
Gut bf jfput hbf gl hefflhtli te nerl tmbf efl eutput `jfa,prevjili fe etmlr jfput js hefflhtli te tml kjvlf slt edeutputs&
Hresspejfts hbf gl jnp`lnlftli usjfk trbfsnjssjef kbtls,
wmjhm hbf lxjst jf twe stbtls? Hress stbtl? fe hefflhtjef js tmlrl gltwllf merjzeftb` bfi vlrtjhb`
`jfls, j&l&, tml vlrtjhb` jfput js hefflhtli te vlrtjhb` eutput bfisbnl jf hbsl ed merjzeftb`&
Gbr stbtl? vlrtjhb` jfput js hefflhtli te merjzeftb` eutput bfi
merjzeftb` jfput js hefflhtli te vlrtjhb` eutput& 28
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JN
JN
JN
EN
EN
E
N
Heftre` @ekjh 29
7/28/2019 SWITCHING ARCHITECTURES
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Bsplhts ed Hressgbr Xwjthm Brhmjtlhturl Guddlrjfk?
Jfput Guddlrjfk?.
DJDE qululs bt lbhm jf`lt gut preg`ln ed ME@ g`ehajfkbfi lxtlrfb` g`ehajfk lxjsts&
ME@ g`ehajfk hbf gl se`vli usjfk 7 bpprebhmls? Hlftrb`jzli heftre``lr?.
Djfis b nbtrjx hefdjkurbtjef tmbt nbxjnjzls funglr edpbhalts gljfk swjthmli jf b sjfk`l tjnl s`et&
Yml heftre``lr smeu`i mbvl k`egb` afew`likl ed pbhaltsprlslft jf jfput qululs bfi ilstjfli eut`lt der lbhm pbhalt&
Henp`jhbtls heftre``lr ilsjkf bfi jfhrlbsls hest ed tml swjthm&
Ijstrjgutli Heftre``lr?.
Lbhm eutput nbjftbjfs jts slpbrbtl brgjtlr&
Brgjtlr jfsplhts pbhalts henjfk dren b`` jfputs bfihmeesls efl ed tmln&
Heftre` sjkfb` brl slft te efl jf`lt, rlqulstjfk te g`ehatrbfsnjssjef&
23, tml pbhalt js derwbrili teupplr eutput etmlrwjsl te `ewlr eutput&
Xjfhl efhl tml pert biirlss js ilhjili, tml pbhalt js butenbtjhb``y reutlite splhjdjh eutput&
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7/28/2019 SWITCHING ARCHITECTURES
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@jnjtbtjefs?
Jftlrfb` G`ehajfk
Lxtlrfb` G`ehajfk
Fef.rlb`jzbg`l plrnutbtjef
G`ehajfk Xe`utjefs jf Gbfybf Fltweras?
Guddlrjfk? Jfput Guddlrjfk
Eutput Guddlrjfk
Jftlrfb` Guddlrjfk?
Jfput Guddlrjfk Eutput Guddlrjfk
Xmbrli Guddlrjfk
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Jftlrfb` Guddlrjfk?Efl er twe hefd`jhtjfk pbhalts jf b 7/7 swjthm js b``ewli
te pbss tmreukm, wmj`l slhefi efl js guddlrli& Jf tml flxt tjnl s`et, der tml guddlrli pbhalt te nevl
derwbri, ljtmlr tml guddlr bt flxt stbkl smeu`i gl lnptyer guddlrli pbhalt bt flxt stbkl smeu`i nevl derwbri&
Jd fefl ed tmlsl hefijtjefs me`i, upstrlbn heftre`sjkfb` brl usli te jfdern tml guddlrli pbhalt te stby jfguddlr&
Il`by
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24/25
Xertjfk?
Sbhalts brl sertli bhherijfk te tmljr eutput biirlssls&
Gy jfteiuhjfk b sertlr `jal, Gbthmlr.Gjetefjh sert fltwera,tml fltwera glhenls jftlrfb``y fef.g`ehajfk&
Nu`tjhbstjfk?
Ijddjhu`t te jfherperbttl&
Hepy fltwera hbf gl jftreiuhli& Nlhmbfjsn jfh`uils?
Hepy Fltweras? Nbals nu`tjp`l hepjls ed nu`tj.hbst pbhalts&
Ijstrjgutjef Fltwera?Ijstrjgutls pbhalts lvlf`y bhress b`` jfputse
ed reutjfk fltweras& Gltwllf Hepy bfi ijstrjgutjef fltweras js GKY -Grebihbst bfi
kreup trbfs`bter* wmjhm trbfs`btls ilstjfbtjef biirlss ed hepjls tebppreprjbtl ilstjfbtjef biirlss&
Weutjfk fltwera? Derwbris tml pbhalts te bppreprjbtl eutput pert&79
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Xhb`bgj`jty?
Ymly hbf gl hefstruhtli dren snb``lr swjthmls&
Wlku`brjty bfi jftlrhefflhtjef pbttlrf nbal tmljr T@XJjnp`lnlftbtjef preplr&
Ymreukmput ilplfis ef sjzl ed guddlr& -Ijrlht`yprepertjefb`*&
7