Post on 16-Apr-2017
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Desert Research Center
Sustainable Development Center for Matrouh Resources (SDCMR)
Ministry of Agriculture and Land ReclamationMinistry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation
Dr. Hamdi abdel-Aziz Salem Director of SDCMR
E. mail: Hamdi_DRC@yahoo.com
Matrouh GovernorateMatrouh Governorate
م��رسى
Mediterranean Mediterranean SeaSea
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The North West Coast and its inland desert
suffer from a fragile socio-economic structure, with a
modest contribution to the country's GDP not
exceeding 0.7%, although covering over 16% of
Egypt’s geographic area
it is disadvantaged with being one of the poorest 10
governorates in Egypt,.
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SDCMR was established in 1994 until the end of 2002 as a project with total budget of 29.4 million USD financed by the Government of Egypt, a World Bank (IDA) credit, and contributions from its beneficiaries .
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• To conserve the natural resource base (water, land and vegetation), implementing programmes for sustainable natural resource management: and
• To alleviate poverty and improve the livelihood of the local Bedouin population, providing support to improve resource management practices, and for agricultural production improvement and socio-economic development.-
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It is a development project with a strong
adaptive research and technology base, serves the
area extends 320 km along the NWC from Ras El-
Hekma in the East to El-Salloum on the Libyan
border in the West and 60 km on average inland.
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Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for 70% of its Bedouin population. Crops (barley), horticulture (mainly fig and olive), and livestock (mainly sheep and goats and some camels) are the main agricultural activities but crop yields are low and highly variable.
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The main water source for all uses i.e. precipitation, is low and erratic – the annual long-term average is around 140 mm on the coast and up to 20 km inland, but declines drastically thereafter.
25.0 25.5 26.0 26.5 27.0 27.5 28.031.00
31.50
32.00
Mediterranean Sea
0 10 20 30 40 50 km
Sidi Barani
MersaMatruh
RasAlam El Rum
RasEl Hekma
Ras UmEl- Rakham
RasAbu Laho
MersaEl Asi
Time period: (30Jun2000-30Jun2013)
El Sallum
mm
25 50 75 100
125
150
175
200
Main Constraints
I- Water Resources• Limitation • Low Rainfall• Low water use efficiency• Shortage of water harvesting Technology
II- Plant Resources
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• Deterioration of plant cover• Over grazing• Fire wooding• Traditional practices• Low rangeland Management
III- Soil Resources• Erosion• Low Fertility• Low Productivity• Salinity
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Drought Effect
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Distribution of Local Communities in the of SDCMR
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Giving LCs greater responsibility for planning,
managing, implementing and evaluation of their activities
Participatory
Approach
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Analysis of LC problems
Proposed solves
Community Action PlanLC Annual plan
Annual M&E
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Community Action Plan
and Budget
ImplementationMonitoringEvaluation
Problems analysis
Solutions
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AchievementsAchievements
Water Harvestingand Wadies
Development
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Long term objectives:- Protect, conserve and improve land resources for sustained production.- Protect and enhance water resources, moderate peak run-off rate and reduce soil erosion, increase role of supplemental irrigation and conserve rainwater for crops and thus mitigate drought.
Short time objectives: - Rainwater/ sheet flow harvesting and storage in sub-surface shallow reservoirs for domestic, animal and supplemental/ drip irrigation needs through construction of new cisterns and reservoirs and rehabilitation of existing Roman cisterns.- Soil-water storage enhancement and stream-erosion control by the construction of dykes across the channels and in plain areas.Soil conservation through vegetation improvement/ reseeding and tree belt plantation.
Objectives Review for water harvesting and watershed management.
Water harvesting systems
1- Floodwater harvesting within streambed
2- Macro-catchment (Ex-situ) water harvesting system
3- Micro-catchment (In situ) water harvesting system
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Before development
1-Floodwater harvesting within streambed
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Earth small dykes to slow-down of run-off water In the down stream of Wadi
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Preparation to cemented dyke structure
Collect hard stones
After
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Flooding in wadi bottom Cisterns in watershed area
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Olive trees
Cemented dykes
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Wadi Development
Cemented dyke
Narrow spill way
Wide Spill way
Delta of wadi
• Prior to the implementation process, a number of needs assessment meetings were held by
the DRC technical staff with Wadi local community, to get their feedback before
proceeding with the project.
• The outcomes of the meetings were the following:
• Farmers’ inability to finance the implementation of appropriate interventions to the Wadi
development.
• Poor community management capacity, including inadequate knowledge of scarce
resources conservation and lack of post-implementation maintenance skills.
• Lack of necessary technologies and expertise, particularly for arid zone watershed
hydraulics, dynamic interaction of water, soil and vegetation and wind-induced erosion and
conservation.
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ActivityActivity Description/ Expected OutputsUnit
Soil and sheet flow conservation- Construction of cemented dykesm3
- Land levellingFed
- Design of civil works (co-funded by DRC)
Orchard plantation- Plantation of orchards and field cropsSeedling
Water harvesting and storage- Construction of cisternsm3
- Construction of shallow reservoirsm3
Training and capacity building- Training programs and capacity building activities
Adaptive research- Research study on wadi’s soils profiles and stored
water analysis, construction machinery, equipment and vehicles maintenance
Technical assistance- Design and installation of management mechanisms
and providing the necessary follow up and support actions
الصفا وادي
الحوشة وادي
الخروبة وادي
أمطار•
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Reduce of water erosion in 4000 feddans
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05/03/23 Dr. Hamdi abdel-Aziz 41Poor women HH hand digging to start cistern construction
First hall
2- Macro-catchment (Ex-situ) water harvesting system
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Cistern excavation
Opining hall
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Cistern for WH
Excavation products
Cover
Run-off way to cistern
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Run-off water direction into
cistern
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Method of Reservoir construction
In case of soft soil without hard rocky layers
Stone wall
Run-off way into reservoir
Soft soil
Green House
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Increasing Increasing experiences in experiences in Construction of Construction of
ReservoirsReservoirs
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Water harvesting constructionachieved by the project
WH ActivityAmount Capacity m3
Cisterns85901245550
R C conservation35189522
Reservoirs31344045
Stone dikes4928121884
Cemented dikes18118106Earthen dikes8122908
1542015 m3
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3- Micro-catchment (In situ) water harvesting system
Planting pitsSemicircular bunds
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Ridge-Furrow Water Harvesting System
Range land management
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240 grazing units were cultivated by indigenousand introduced fodder shrubs , 12000 fed
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Reseeding to rehabilitate deteriorated areas
Demi-lunes water harvesting system to produce fodder shrubs
Production of fodder shrubs seedlings
Reseeding native range plants
Rangeland plants Herbarium
Native plant seeds collection
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Fodder shrubs planted with project support
Approach/Activity
Shrubs plantedAreaBeneficiaries
Million%Fed%No.%1. Small areas and windbreaks4.38609570523190852. Fenced large areas (SRMA)2.503562503425083. Intercropping on barley plots0.3952500143309Total7.27100183201003770100
Rangeland improvement activities by SDCMR
Activity
HekmaMatrouhNegilaBarrani East
Barrani WestTotal
No.%No.%No.%No.%No.%No.%
Shrubs (million) 1.55211.37191.28181.69231.38197.27100
Reseeding (fed)43024330183001741023330181800100
Improvement of field crops Production
1- Barley Breeding Program (ICARDA)
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N. M
OSE
LHY
New adapted varieties of barley
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FAT FIT
FET
LS
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Line 9 Line 13
Selection of New Varieties
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Quila 1
Large scale
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%ِAdaptive research
Demonstration fields to
Disseminate of New Varieties
Field day
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2- Global wheat improvement program (CIMMYT)
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Evaluation of 50 drought tolerant wheat genotypes
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3- Demonstration field of new crops (MARSADEV)
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Quinoa or quinua
(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)Native to the Andes Mountains Referred to as a "pseudocereal
Quinoa
Highly nutritious food (13.8% of crude
protein) Is used to make flour, soup, breakfast
cereal, and alcohol
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Quinoa in press
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Hydroponics forage production
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Improvement of Horticulture Farming
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Training and extension service
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Improve post harvest of olive
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Water Use Efficiency
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Integrated Pest Management
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Olive moth infestation
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Trichogramma egg parasitoid
To achieve clean combat of olive moth
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Olive mothOlive moth
82JanFebMarAprMayJun
eJulyAug
.SepOctNovDec
Mass collection of B. oleae adult stage“Trap installing”
4 holes
Cotton cord
Trap following up:* Per week, empty the trap catches and re-fill
it.* Per month, remove all contents of the trap
(water & attractant) and put new.
Trap catches
Combating process (injection) 83
Red Palm Weevil
Improvement of Small Ruminant Production
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Barqi Rams Reproduction
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Health Care
Gender activities
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Literacy of 6000 Bedouin girls
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Supporting Women by some Income Generating Supporting Women by some Income Generating ActivitiesActivities
مجتمعية وحدة
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Assist the women to obtain formal
Identification Card
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Increasing women scales in Hand Crafts activity to raise her income
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Wool hand crafts inside women house
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Wool industr
y
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Products of LCs from hand crafts
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CarpetالكليالكليGoplanGoplanمم
الصوف بطاطين
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التدريب
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N .
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