Sustainable Development Center for Matrouh Resources (SDCMR) in Egypt

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Desert Research Center

Sustainable Development Center for Matrouh Resources (SDCMR)

Ministry of Agriculture and Land ReclamationMinistry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation

Dr. Hamdi abdel-Aziz Salem Director of SDCMR

E. mail: [email protected]

Matrouh GovernorateMatrouh Governorate

م��رسى

Mediterranean Mediterranean SeaSea

05/03/23 Dr. Hamdi abdel-Aziz 3

The North West Coast and its inland desert

suffer from a fragile socio-economic structure, with a

modest contribution to the country's GDP not

exceeding 0.7%, although covering over 16% of

Egypt’s geographic area

it is disadvantaged with being one of the poorest 10

governorates in Egypt,.

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SDCMR was established in 1994 until the end of 2002 as a project with total budget of 29.4 million USD financed by the Government of Egypt, a World Bank (IDA) credit, and contributions from its beneficiaries .

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• To conserve the natural resource base (water, land and vegetation), implementing programmes for sustainable natural resource management: and

• To alleviate poverty and improve the livelihood of the local Bedouin population, providing support to improve resource management practices, and for agricultural production improvement and socio-economic development.-

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It is a development project with a strong

adaptive research and technology base, serves the

area extends 320 km along the NWC from Ras El-

Hekma in the East to El-Salloum on the Libyan

border in the West and 60 km on average inland.

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Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for 70% of its Bedouin population. Crops (barley), horticulture (mainly fig and olive), and livestock (mainly sheep and goats and some camels) are the main agricultural activities but crop yields are low and highly variable.

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The main water source for all uses i.e. precipitation, is low and erratic – the annual long-term average is around 140 mm on the coast and up to 20 km inland, but declines drastically thereafter.

25.0 25.5 26.0 26.5 27.0 27.5 28.031.00

31.50

32.00

Mediterranean Sea

0 10 20 30 40 50 km

Sidi Barani

MersaMatruh

RasAlam El Rum

RasEl Hekma

Ras UmEl- Rakham

RasAbu Laho

MersaEl Asi

Time period: (30Jun2000-30Jun2013)

El Sallum

mm

25 50 75 100

125

150

175

200

Main Constraints

I- Water Resources• Limitation • Low Rainfall• Low water use efficiency• Shortage of water harvesting Technology

II- Plant Resources

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• Deterioration of plant cover• Over grazing• Fire wooding• Traditional practices• Low rangeland Management

III- Soil Resources• Erosion• Low Fertility• Low Productivity• Salinity


Drought Effect


Distribution of Local Communities in the of SDCMR


Giving LCs greater responsibility for planning,

managing, implementing and evaluation of their activities

Participatory

Approach


Analysis of LC problems

Proposed solves

Community Action PlanLC Annual plan

Annual M&E


Community Action Plan

and Budget

ImplementationMonitoringEvaluation

Problems analysis

Solutions


AchievementsAchievements

Water Harvestingand Wadies

Development



Long term objectives:- Protect, conserve and improve land resources for sustained production.- Protect and enhance water resources, moderate peak run-off rate and reduce soil erosion, increase role of supplemental irrigation and conserve rainwater for crops and thus mitigate drought.

Short time objectives: - Rainwater/ sheet flow harvesting and storage in sub-surface shallow reservoirs for domestic, animal and supplemental/ drip irrigation needs through construction of new cisterns and reservoirs and rehabilitation of existing Roman cisterns.- Soil-water storage enhancement and stream-erosion control by the construction of dykes across the channels and in plain areas.Soil conservation through vegetation improvement/ reseeding and tree belt plantation.

Objectives Review for water harvesting and watershed management.

Water harvesting systems

1- Floodwater harvesting within streambed

2- Macro-catchment (Ex-situ) water harvesting system

3- Micro-catchment (In situ) water harvesting system


Before development

1-Floodwater harvesting within streambed


Earth small dykes to slow-down of run-off water In the down stream of Wadi


Preparation to cemented dyke structure

Collect hard stones

After


Flooding in wadi bottom Cisterns in watershed area


Olive trees

Cemented dykes


Wadi Development

Cemented dyke

Narrow spill way

Wide Spill way

Delta of wadi

• Prior to the implementation process, a number of needs assessment meetings were held by

the DRC technical staff with Wadi local community, to get their feedback before

proceeding with the project.

• The outcomes of the meetings were the following:

• Farmers’ inability to finance the implementation of appropriate interventions to the Wadi

development.

• Poor community management capacity, including inadequate knowledge of scarce

resources conservation and lack of post-implementation maintenance skills.

• Lack of necessary technologies and expertise, particularly for arid zone watershed

hydraulics, dynamic interaction of water, soil and vegetation and wind-induced erosion and

conservation.

•

ActivityActivity Description/ Expected OutputsUnit

Soil and sheet flow conservation- Construction of cemented dykesm3

- Land levellingFed

- Design of civil works (co-funded by DRC)

Orchard plantation- Plantation of orchards and field cropsSeedling

Water harvesting and storage- Construction of cisternsm3

- Construction of shallow reservoirsm3

Training and capacity building- Training programs and capacity building activities

Adaptive research- Research study on wadi’s soils profiles and stored

water analysis, construction machinery, equipment and vehicles maintenance

Technical assistance- Design and installation of management mechanisms

and providing the necessary follow up and support actions

الصفا وادي

الحوشة وادي

الخروبة وادي

أمطار•


Reduce of water erosion in 4000 feddans

05/03/23 Dr. Hamdi abdel-Aziz

05/03/23 Dr. Hamdi abdel-Aziz 41Poor women HH hand digging to start cistern construction

First hall

2- Macro-catchment (Ex-situ) water harvesting system


Cistern excavation

Opining hall

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Cistern for WH

Excavation products

Cover

Run-off way to cistern


Run-off water direction into

cistern


Method of Reservoir construction

In case of soft soil without hard rocky layers

Stone wall

Run-off way into reservoir

Soft soil

Green House


Increasing Increasing experiences in experiences in Construction of Construction of

ReservoirsReservoirs

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Water harvesting constructionachieved by the project

WH ActivityAmount Capacity m3

Cisterns85901245550

R C conservation35189522

Reservoirs31344045

Stone dikes4928121884

Cemented dikes18118106Earthen dikes8122908

1542015 m3

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3- Micro-catchment (In situ) water harvesting system

Planting pitsSemicircular bunds

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Ridge-Furrow Water Harvesting System

Range land management

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240 grazing units were cultivated by indigenousand introduced fodder shrubs , 12000 fed


Reseeding to rehabilitate deteriorated areas

Demi-lunes water harvesting system to produce fodder shrubs

Production of fodder shrubs seedlings

Reseeding native range plants

Rangeland plants Herbarium

Native plant seeds collection


Fodder shrubs planted with project support

Approach/Activity

Shrubs plantedAreaBeneficiaries

Million%Fed%No.%1. Small areas and windbreaks4.38609570523190852. Fenced large areas (SRMA)2.503562503425083. Intercropping on barley plots0.3952500143309Total7.27100183201003770100

Rangeland improvement activities by SDCMR

Activity

HekmaMatrouhNegilaBarrani East

Barrani WestTotal

No.%No.%No.%No.%No.%No.%

Shrubs (million) 1.55211.37191.28181.69231.38197.27100

Reseeding (fed)43024330183001741023330181800100

Improvement of field crops Production

1- Barley Breeding Program (ICARDA)


N. M

OSE

LHY

New adapted varieties of barley


FAT FIT

FET

LS


Line 9 Line 13

Selection of New Varieties

05/03/23 Dr. Hamdi abdel-Aziz 65Local

Quila 1

Large scale


%ِAdaptive research

Demonstration fields to

Disseminate of New Varieties

Field day


2- Global wheat improvement program (CIMMYT)

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Evaluation of 50 drought tolerant wheat genotypes

Dr. Hamdi abdel-Aziz 69

3- Demonstration field of new crops (MARSADEV)

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Quinoa or quinua

(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)Native to the Andes Mountains Referred to as a "pseudocereal

Quinoa

Highly nutritious food (13.8% of crude

protein) Is used to make flour, soup, breakfast

cereal, and alcohol

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Quinoa in press


Hydroponics forage production

Improvement of Horticulture Farming



Training and extension service


Improve post harvest of olive


Water Use Efficiency

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Integrated Pest Management

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Olive moth infestation

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Trichogramma egg parasitoid

To achieve clean combat of olive moth

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Olive mothOlive moth

82JanFebMarAprMayJun

eJulyAug

.SepOctNovDec

Mass collection of B. oleae adult stage“Trap installing”

4 holes

Cotton cord

Trap following up:* Per week, empty the trap catches and re-fill

it.* Per month, remove all contents of the trap

(water & attractant) and put new.

Trap catches

Combating process (injection) 83

Red Palm Weevil

Improvement of Small Ruminant Production



Barqi Rams Reproduction


Health Care

Gender activities



Literacy of 6000 Bedouin girls


Supporting Women by some Income Generating Supporting Women by some Income Generating ActivitiesActivities

مجتمعية وحدة


Assist the women to obtain formal

Identification Card


Increasing women scales in Hand Crafts activity to raise her income


Wool hand crafts inside women house


Wool industr

y


Products of LCs from hand crafts


CarpetالكليالكليGoplanGoplanمم

الصوف بطاطين


التدريب


N .

Thanks

Sustainable Development Center for Matrouh Resources (SDCMR) in Egypt

Education

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