Applications of pets products

Suchanit Ngamkala

(D.V.M., M.Sc., Ph.D)

17 April 2015

Outlines

1. Basic pet caring

2. Pet food and Nutrition

3. Pet grooming

4.Other general pet’s products

OWNING A PET…

What is your responsibility?

What will my pet need from me, and can I take care of its needs?

Basic pet caring

Identify Your Pet

Training Your Pet

Spay or Neuter Your Pet

Advantages

• Help prevent overpopulation

• Less aggressive

• Prevents unwanted pregnancies

• Female won’t go into heat (cleaner home)

• Reduces risk of health problems:

– uterine cancer in females

– ovarian cancer in females

– testicular cancer in males

Providing veterinary care

Providing for Your Pet’s Needs

AKC divides purebreds into 7 main groups:

1. Herding

2. Terriers

3. Working

4. Sporting

5. Non-sporting

6. Toy

7. Hounds

Miscellineous & “Mixed Breeds”

Several Options:

• Commercial dry food

• Canned/ Dry or Moist food

• Semi-moist

(loaded with chemicals)

• Home-prepared diets

Pet food and Nutrition

• Meat, poultry, seafood, feed grain

• By-products

– Not fit for human consumption but still must meet federal standards for safety and nutrition

• Vitamins/Minerals-to complete nutritional needs

• Preservatives-for shipping and to extend shelf-life

• Coloring-to make it pretty

– Approved by the FDA

Dog Food Contents

• FDA (Food and Drug Association)

• FTC (Federal Trade Commission)

• USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)

• State Government

• Pet Food Institute

• AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials)

OTHERS

Large number of varieties commercial food (based on age, size, flavor, activeness, weight loss, etc. )

Advantages:

Good for “picky” eaters & Provides with moisture in the diet

Disadvantages:

More expensive (for most canned foods, first ingredient is water)

More perishable (lasts 3-7 days…must refrigerate)

Canned food

• Set standards for animal feeds and pet foods in the U.S.

• Work with FDA

• Must meet “Complete and Balanced” standards

• All nutrients known to be required by a dog or cat

• Minimum of nutrients require

• Adult Maintenance

• Growth/Reproduction

• Feeding trials and Lab Analysis

• Fed and monitored for six months

Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO)

When selecting a commercial food for your pet ?

1. Make sure the label has an "AAFCO guarantee," preferably one that references “Feeding tests" or "feeding protocols" rather than Nutrient Profiles

2. Check for a named meat or meal

(“lamb” - “chicken” – “salmon” or others)

Treatment of food allergy

When selecting a commercial food for your pet ?

3. Avoid foods that rely on by-products as the source of animal protein.

By-products consist of organs and not desired parts

These rendered products are the most inexpensive sources of animal protein

The contents and quality of these meals can vary extremely from batch to batch

Not a reliable source of nutrition for animals

Not the main source of protein

o This can include bones, blood, intestines, lungs, head, ligaments, feet, and feathers

o Feathers are a by-product of poultry meat processing.

(pressure cooked with steam an edible gel) which makes them an acceptable feed grade ingredient.

o Can appear on a label as “Poultry By-products”

Example: Chicken By-products

When selecting a commercial food for your pet ?

4. Checking the expiration date to ensure freshness.

• Avoid generic or store brands These may be repackaged rejects from the big manufacturers (generally contain cheaper & consequently poorer quality ingredients.

• Store dry pet food in a sealed

non-porous container in a cool, dry place.

• “Clean label”

When selecting a commercial food for your pet ?

5. Ingredients

• Ingredients are listed in order of weight, with the primary ingredient listed first and the rest following in descending order.

• Every ingredient must be listed separately either by its official name or common name (no brand names are allowed).

When selecting a commercial food for your pet ?

6. Guaranteed Analysis

• Usually be found in a table format.

• All dog food manufacturers are required to list

– Minimum amounts of protein and fat

– Maximum amounts of crude fiber and moisture

– if the label indicates a "minimum 21% protein," Can be fairly confident it will contain between 21% and 23% protein (The same process occurs for fat)

– Crude fiber and moisture are stated as "not more than”

– The moisture & fiber will be a little below that maximum guarantee.

When selecting a commercial food for your pet ?

7. Daily Feeding

• To find out the recommended daily amount of the food your dog should consume.

• The amount is usually expressed as a range, and how much you feed within this range should depend on how much your dog weighs and his activity level.

When selecting a commercial food for your pet ?

8. Manufacturer/Distributor

• The party responsible for either the manufacture or distribution of the product must be shown on the label.

9. Nutritional Adequacy Statement

• The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) is a national association composed of state and federal regulatory officials who establish standards and guidelines for labels and labeling.

Home-Prepared Diets • Bones And Raw Food diet (BARF)

– The BARF diet is simple in

philosophy and construction.

– Similar to the diet of a wild animal and mimics that type of feeding regime using available whole raw foodstuffs

• Owner’s preference***

–Usually not well balanced

–Consults with veterinarian

RMB meal - 1# chicken backs, or 12 chicken necks, or 8 chicken wings, or 2 beef ribs plus an egg or yogurt. Can feed lamb (lamb riblets) and occasionally substitute fish

Offal - Offal (or organ meat, e.g. heart, kidney, liver, tripe, etc...) is usually mixed in with the veggie meal, because many dogs do not like the taste (some do). Just be careful not to feed too much, too quickly, as offal is very rich and too much will cause loose stools. Offal can be fed once or twice a week!

Veggie meal – (This is for 1 meal not a full day's worth)- 1/4 calves liver or an egg and I puree these veggies for about 3/4 cup worth. Mix and match veggies do not try to use all these at the same time - carrots, turnip, parsnip, green beans, yellow squash, zucchini, dark green lettuces, celery - I add a little - very little - of either spinach, kale, turnip greens, or broccoli.

Supplements - Flaxseed, or safflower or vegetable or olive oil, nutritional yeast, kelp, alfalfa powder, etc.

BARF Full day's worth for Golden Retriever (25 Kg.)

Good things to look for Do Not Buy

• Foods that contain:

– Whole Beef, Chicken, Turkey, Lamb, Pork and meals made from whole meats (beef meal, chicken meal, etc.)

– Whole grains, vegetables and fruits

– Foods with as much animal protein as possible

– Identified ingredients (instead of “liver” should say “beef liver”)

• Foods that contain: – Animal fat, animal digest,

meat meal

– Foods with artificial colors

– Products without expiration dates or those past their

expiration – Products containing meat or

bone meal

– Foods that are sweetened

– Wheat Gluten (“gum”)

– Products with protein derived from meat “by-products”

Conclusions : easy way to choose

• Dogs are omnivores, Cats are carnivores

• Dogs have fewer taste buds than we do

• Nothing’s perfect so rotate diet (some pets can’t tolerate changes)

• What to feed?

Don’t use Cat Food—too high in fat/protein

depend on…

• Medical Condition

• Lifestyle (active or inactive)

• Size

• Growth or Maintenance? (puppy or adult?)

Tips

• Smaller breeds need more energy per Kg.

• Larger breeds grow slower so a lower calorie feed might fit better.

• Puppies should be switched from Growth to Maintenance around 9 months or when they reach 80-90% of anticipated weight

• “Growth” or “All Life Stages”

Puppies

• No free feeding Can cause anorexia & Most dogs can’t self-regulate

• 3 months 4 times / day & 3-5 months 3 times / day

• One to three meals a day (average for adults)

• Gradually change food (5-7 days or longer if your puppies are sensitive)

Puppies (Cont.)

• Higher energy needs

• Highest level of performance

Active dogs

Pregnant or Nursing Females

• Highest energy needs of any life stage

• Stress

• Need for repair

• Similar to active dogs …but more

• Maintain mother and pups

Senior Dogs

• Lower protein is WRONG

• Need quality protein to maintain body

• May need fewer calories

• If healthy = normal diet

• If sick = prescription diet

Prescription diet

CAT FOOD

1. Taurine (Beta-aminoethanesulfonic acid)

• Methionine + Cysteine

• Important in cat because lacking of enzyme (Cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase) to change Cysteine into Taurine

• Essential function of taurine in cat

– Cardiovascular function

– Retina

– Reproduction and immunity

– Bile acid

– Cell membrane stabilzer

– CNS & Skeletal muscle development + function

CAT FOOD

2. Carnitine

• Methionine + Lysine

• Carnitine almost found in striated muscle & myocardium

• Function of carnitine

ATP production

Transport of waste product from cells

Increase liver functions

Increase lipid metabolism

Muscle strength and wound healing

•Bath (shampoo)

•Brush

•Trim Nails

•Dental care

Shampoo Skin pH 7.5 (dog), 6.7 (Cat), 5.5 (human)

The average pH of the pet shampoos was 6.46 and the human shampoo average pH was 5.84

Males had significantly higher pH values than females

Variation of pH among breeds

True or false?

Are human shampoos formulated at a much more acidic pH than pet shampoos ?

Is mildly acidic shampoo harmful to a dog that has a mildly alkaline skin pH ?

Is an acidic shampoo more harsh and potentially irritating than a shampoo of 6.5 pH or higher ?

Skin shampoo Useful composition in pet shampoo

1. Normal shampoo

1.1 Detergent to remove oil

: Sodium lauryl (ether) sulfate

1.2 Moisturizing agent

: Glycerol, Lanolin, Fatty alcohols, Propylene glycol

Skin shampoo

Useful composition in pet shampoo

2. Medicated shampoo

2.1 Anti-seborrheic shampoo (Dry shampoo)

Dandruff, oily hair coat

Keratolytic activity (soften)

: Salicylic acid, Sulfur

Keratoplastic activity

: Normal skin cell cycle

: Pyrithione zinc / Selenium sulfide

: CAUTION Using of tars is prohibit in cat !!!

Benzoyl peroxide (follicular flushing)

Skin shampoo 2.2 Anti-bacterial shampoo

Benzoyl peroxide*

Ethyl lactate*

Chlorhexidine

Povidone iodine

Triclosan

2.3 Anti-fungal shampoo

Ketoconazole (2%)

Miconazole

Selenium sulfide (Kill only yeast, but not fungi)

Skin shampoo 2.4 Anti-parasitic shampoo (fleas & mites)

Pyrethrin / Pyrethroids (carefully use in cat)

Carbamate (Carbaryl)

Limonene

Lindane (toxic in cat)

Retenone (use in young animal)

Skin shampoo 2.5 Anti-pruritic shampoo

parasite, allergy, infection, irritation

type of shampoo depends in causative agent

: Hydrocortisone (steroid)

: Antihistamine

: Colloidal oatmeal

: Menthol (cooling agent)

: Tars and sulfur

: Hypoallergic shampoo

Slicker brush (Bristles can hurt dog’s skin, so must be gentle)

Comb

Guillotine

Nail Trimming

Scissor-like

cut dark colored nails in several small cuts to reduce the chance of cutting into the quick

Can use a styptic pencil containing silver nitrate to stop blood flow

Signs of Oral Disease

• Bad breath

• Excessive salvation

• Inflamed gums

• Tumors in the gums

• Cysts under the tongue

• Loose teeth

• Toothpaste made especially for canines

• Containing of baking soda and water

• Never use fluoride with dogs under 6 months of age interfere with their enamel formation

• Don’t use human toothpaste which can irritate a dog's stomach.

Tooth brush and Toothpaste

Gnawing on a chew toys Making its teeth strong. Help massage its gums and help keep teeth clean by scraping away soft tartar Gnawing also reduces dog's stress level

Diet for Healthy Teeth -Specially formulated dry food that can slow down the formation of plaque and tartar.

Other products for dental care

1.Ears (Otic drug)

2.Eyes

3.Ecto- and Endoparasites products

Other general pet’s products

Ophthalmic (eyes) drugs

• Drugs distribute via blood supplies at aqueous & vitreous humor, retina

• Cornea is a barrier for drugs distribution (except for lipid or small molecule of drug)

Appropriate method of eye medication Topical administration

Oily bases

Cheap and prolong action

Less antiseptic effect, blur eyes, irritation of anterior

chamber

Aqueous bases

Simply and convenient, easily distribute

into lacrimal duct, better antiseptic

Expensive and frequent administration

1. Anti-microbial agents : Chloramphenical

: Neomycin / Tobramycin

: Ciprofloxacin - Iodide

2. Eye wash : 2% Boric acid

3. Anti-viral agents : Idoxuridine

4. Anti-fungal agents : Amphotericin B

5. Anti-inflammatory agents : Steroid**

: NSAID (Butazolidine®)

: Antihistamines

6. Natural tear : Hypromellose and Dextran

7. Others Recommended by Vet

Type of optical drugs

Steroid enhance of collagenase enzyme activity 14 times**

Steroid & Non-steroid drug

Prostaglandins / Thromboxanes

Leukotrienes

Inflammation

Pain

Cell membrane

1. Antipyretic & analgesic agents

- Benzocaine, antipyrine

2. Earwax removal

- Carbamide peroxide (softens and loosens excessive ear wax)

- Triethanolamine polypeptide oleate (surfactant)

- Glycerine

3. Antibiotics

- Neomycin, Tobramycin

- Amoxycillin & clavulanate potassium

4. Steroids

- Hydrocortisone, Dexamethazone

5. NSAID Acetaminophen / Ibuorofen

6. Others Recommended by Vet

Otic (ears) drugs

• Endoparasite : intestinal parasites, heartworm, etc

• Ectoparasite : fleas, ticks, mites and lice

Parasitic treatments

Preventative treatments : are given on a regular interval in an effort to keep animals from getting a large burden of parasites.

Curative treatments : given only in response to the positive identification of parasites. (Vet)

Ecto- and Endoparasitic products

An available parasite medications , thus only the newest, preventative, prescription products will be discussed.

Advantage, Frontline, Revolution, Heartgard, Interceptor, Program, Sentinel

Others Shampoo, Spray, collar

Advantage and Frontline (for ectoparasites)

Monthly topicals application

Advantage : kill adult fleas and flea larva

Advantage Multi : Advantage + heartworm prevention +

treatment & control of hookworms, roundworms and

whipworms.

Frontline : kill adult fleas and ticks

Frontline Plus : kill adult fleas, larva, and eggs

Advantage (Imidacloprid and Moxidectin)

Frontline (Fipronil)

Revolution (for endo- and ectoparasite)

Monthly topical application

Kill adult fleas, eggs, ear mites, roundworms &

hookworms in cats

Kill adult fleas, eggs, ticks, ear mites, and sarcoptic

mange in dogs. Heartworm protection

Revolution (Selamectin)

Program Plus

Oral monthly tablets

Kill flea eggs only

Heartgard, Interceptor, and Sentinel

Oral monthly tablets

Kill a variety of parasites.

Heartgard : kill immature heartworms, roundworms,

and hookworms. Interceptor : kill immature heartworms, roundworms,

hookworms, and whipworms.

Sentinel : Combination of Interceptor and Program

: kill immature heartworms, roundworms,

hookworms, whipworms, and flea eggs.

Program Plus (Milbemycin oxime & Lufenuron)

Heartgard (Ivermectin)

Heartgard Plus (Ivermectin & Pyrantel)

Not for cat

Other products

Amitraz

Collar Powder

Suspension

Deworming tablet