Post on 01-Jun-2018
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
1/18
I @T. H. JIOL. JI OTCGF.,>> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
WTSDICW O@ TFC MLOZN N@D N]IMNS@N NWWOGINTCD [ITF TFC ENZNGFI
[CWTCZ@ JNGE[NTCZW AN@KZO]C MOZCWT
Znfnt Hnjcc`>, Aufnaand Iarn`
:n`d Wurnyyn Efntoo`*
7
>Wi`df [ntcr Wcgtor Iaprovcac`t Rrohcgt Rrohcgt Goordi`ntio` n`d Ao`itori`k S`it, Rln``i`k n`d Dcvclopac`t
Dcpnrtac`t, Kovcr`ac`t om Wi`df, Enrngfi, Rneistn`,:Kovcr`ac`t Wgic`gc n`d Goaacrgc Dckrcc Gollckc, Kulznr-c-Fihri, Enrngfi, Rneistn`,
*7Dcpnrtac`t om Jotn`y, S`ivcrsity om Enrngfi, Enrngfi ;3:;2, Rneistn` (Gorrcspo`di`k nutfor, C-anil8
surnyynefntoo`Brogectanil.goa,surnyyntnxo`oaistBkanil.goa).
NJWTZNGT
Tfc Enrngfi [cstcr` Jngewntcrs lic jcfi`d tfc sn`dy strctgf om tfc Wn`dspit n`d Fnwecs Jny jcngfcs. Wcn wntcr c`tcrs tfc lnkoo`
vin An`orn Gfn``cl, wfilc tfc Lynri Zivcr mnlls o` tfc cnstcr`-`ortfcnstcr` sidc om tfc lnkoo`. An`krovc morcst cxists o` 422 to 322
fcgtnrcs om tfc swnaps i` tfc lnkoo`, trnvcrscd jy n ani` gfn``cl n`d its jrn`gfcs. Tfis morcst is n` iaportn`t wi`tcri`k krou`d mor n
lnrkc `uajcr om aikrntory jirds goai`k mroa Wijcrin, Gc`trnl Nsin, Curopc, n`d Rneistn`s ow` fikf nltitudc gold nrcns.
N tforoukf study om tfc mlorn, vckctntio`, n`d tfc Nvimnu`n nssogintcd witf tfis an`krovc morcst wns do`c mor tfc mirst tiac. Goaplctci`vc`torics om pln`t spcgics n`d jird spcgics wcrc prcpnrcd, wfilc tfc jird populntio`s wcrc ao`tfly ao`itorcd mor six ycnrs mroa
:223 to :2>2. N totnl om 36 pln`t spcgics wcrc rcgordcd tfnt wcrc prcsc`t i` mour typcs om aigrofnjitnts, rn`ki`k mroa tfc gonstnl wct
n`d snli`c soil to tfc i`tcrtidnl zo`c i` tfc an`krovc swnaps (i`gludi`k tfc solc an`krovc spcgics Nvigc``in anri`n) to soacwfnt
fikfcr dry sn`dy n`d rogey ln`d nrou`d tfc an`krovc cgosystca. Tfc totnl rcgordcd jird spcgics wcrc 9=, out om wfigf 36 wcrcaikrntory n`d 76 wcrc rcsidc`t spcgics. Ovcr tfc study ycnrs jotf tfc `uajcr om jird spcgics n`d totnl `uajcr om i`dividunls
go`ti`ucd to dcgrcnsc. Jy tfc c`d om tfc study, >4 aikrntory jirds totnlly disnppcnrcd. Tfcsc wcrc i` ndditio` to tfosc :3 aikrntoryspcgics tfnt wcrc `ot mou`d nltokctfcr i` tfc prcsc`t study jut wcrc rcportcd i` n prcvious wore sfortly jcmorc tfc goaac`gcac`t om
tfc prcsc`t study. Tfis trc`d i`digntcs tfnt tfis nrcn is mnst jcgoai`k u`mnvournjlc mor tfc aikrntory jird spcgics. Tfc possijlc gnuscs
i`gludc pollutio`, go`ti`unlly i`grcnsi`k n`tfropokc`ig disturjn`gcs n`d i`grcnsi`k fuan` prcsc`gc i` tfc nrcn. Tfis iaportn`tcgosystca is i` dirc `ccd om iaacdintc go`scrvntio` acnsurcs.
Ecy-words8Nvimnu`n, jngewntcr, An`krovc morcst, Wn`dspit, Fnwes Jny.
I@TZODSGTIO@
N jngewntcr is n pnrt om n rivcr i` wfigf tfcrc is littlc or `o gurrc`t5 im n rivcr mlows i`to n lnec or scn, tfis is tfc
rckio` i` wfigf tfc lowcr mlux om wntcr pcraittcd nt tfc aoutf gnuscs tfc wntcr to jngeup. I` tfc prcsc`gc om tidc
ngtio`, mrcsf n`d snlt wntcr any jcgoac aixcd to mora n` cstunri`c c`viro`ac`t(fttp8//c`.wieipcdin.ork/Jngewntcr_(rivcr).
Lnkoo`s jci`k pnrtinlly c`gloscd wntcr jodics do `ot fnvc ns stro`k wnvc ngtio` ns i` tfc opc` scn. Gonstnl
lnkoo`s tc`d to ngguaulntc scdiac`ts mroa i`mlowi`k rivcrs, mroa ru`omm mroa tfc sforcs om tfc lnkoo`, n`d mroa
tfc scdiac`ts gnrricd i`to tfc lnkoo` tfroukf i`lcts jy tfc tidc (fttp8//c`.wieipcdin.ork/wiei/Lnkoo`). Wugf
c`viro`ac`t i` tfc tropignl n`d sujtropignl rckio`s mnvours tfc cstnjlisfac`t om an`krovc morcsts.
An`krovcs nrc o`c om tfc tfrcc aost produgtivc cgosystcas o` Cnrtf nlo`k witf gornl rccms n`d rni` morcsts5
tfcy providc mood, sfcltcr, jrccdi`k krou`ds, n`d rcmukc to n `uajcr om cgo`oaignlly n`d cgolokignlly iaportn`t
anri`c spcgics n`d nlso scrvc ns jird sn`gtunrics (Folkui` ct nl.,.:22=).
Tfc Enrngfi Jngewntcrs, lyi`k jcfi`d tfc sn`d spit om tfc Wn`dspit n`d Fnwecs Jny jcngfcs support rigf
krowtf om an`krovc morcst wfigf is moracd jy n si`klc an`krovc spcgics Nvigc``in anri`n. Tfc jngewntcrs om
Enrngfi nrc dividcd i`to tfc Cnstcr` jngewntcrs n`d tfc [cstcr` jngewntcrs jy tfc Gfi``n Grcce (Anp->). Tfc
wcstcr` jngewntcrs i`gludc tfc An`orn Gfn``cl wfigf scrvcs ns tfc i`lct mor tfc lnkoo` ns wcll ns c`trn`gc mor tfc
Enrngfi fnrjor, tfc Lynri Zivcr cstunry nt tfc cnstcr`-`ortfcnstcr` anrki` om tfc wcstcr` jngewntcrs, n`d tfc wntcr
gfn``cls, aud-mlnts, n`d an`krovc morcsts lyi`k i`-jctwcc` tfc sn`dy strip nlo`k Nrnjin` Wcn n`d tfc ani`ln`d.
Tfc ani`ln`d nrcn surrou`di`k tfc an`krovc cgosystca is soacwfnt fikfcr, dry, rogey n`d sn`dy ln`d, prcsc`ti`k
n aigrofnjitnt totnlly dimmcrc`t mroa tfnt om tfc an`krovc swnaps. I`morantio` o` tfc mlorn om tfc study nrcn is
nlaost `o`-cxistc`t dcspitc tfc mngt tfnt pln`ts fnvc tfc pivotnl rolc i` n`y cgosystca. Tfc o`ly dctnilcd wore
nvnilnjlc is tfnt om Znsfid n`d Njjns (:2>>) wfo rcportcd 4; pln`t spcgics jclo`ki`k to >9 mnailics mroa tfc nrcn.
Tfc fcnltf om an`krovc cgosystca gn` jc nsscsscd jy dctnilcd studics o` dimmcrc`t pfysignl pnrnactcrs n`d
i`digntor orkn`isas. An`krovc trccs tfcasclvcs oggupy tfc gc`trnl iaportn`gc i` tfc cgosystca, supporti`k aost om
tfc otfcr orkn`isas. Nao`k vnrious orkn`isas, jirds nrc go`sidcrcd ns fikfly cmmcgtivc jiodivcrsity i`digntor
ani`ly jcgnusc tfcy nrc wcll-e`ow` n`d fnvc n rcso`n`gc n`d go``cgtio` witf pcoplc n`d tfcir livcs (Krckory n`d
mailto:surayyakhatoon@rocketmail.commailto:surayyataxonomist@gmail.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/Backwater_(river)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagoonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagoonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/Backwater_(river)mailto:surayyataxonomist@gmail.commailto:surayyakhatoon@rocketmail.com8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
2/18
764 ZNFNT HNJCC@CT NL.,
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
Wtric`, :2>2). Tfc goaao` oggurrc`gc om jirds i` n an`krovc goaau`ity is n uscmul i`digntor om systcas fcnltf
(Folkui` ct nl. :22=).
Mcw studics nrc nvnilnjlc o` tfc nvimnu`n om tfc Jngewntcrs an`krovcs dcspitc tfc mngt tfnt jirds nrc tfc aost
proai`c`t goapo`c`t om tfc an`krovc mnu`n nlaost cvcrywfcrc i` tfc world. Efn`ua n`d Nfacd (>966) rcportcd
74 spcgics mroa tfc Enrngfi gonst i`gludi`k tfc Jngewntcrs. Tfcirs wns n 4-ao`tf study mroa Huly to Ogtojcr >963
n`d tfc 74 spcgics i`gludcd >: rcsidc`t n`d :: aikrntory spcgics5 tfoukf tfc tiac wns `ot suitnjlc mor tfc aikrntory
spcgics ojscrvntio`s ns tfcir `uajcrs usunlly pcne i` tfc ao`tf om Dcgcajcr (pcrso`nl ojscrvntio`). Kfnlij n`d
Fns`ni` (>99;) rcportcd ;3 spcgics om nquntig jirds mroa tfc Glimto` jcngf om Enrngfi. Tfc goapnrntivcly aorc
dctnilcd wore is tfnt om Durrn`cc ct nl. (:226) o` tfc [cstcr` Jngewntcrs an`krovcs nvimnu`n, spn``i`k ovcr mivc
ycnrs mroa Hn`unry :222 to Dcgcajcr :224, i.c. go`gludi`k jcmorc tfc stnrt om tfc prcsc`t study. Tfcy rcgordcd >>4
spcgics, ;6 om wfigf wcrc aikrntory n`d 7= rcsidc`t. Fowcvcr, tfcy did `ot rcgord tfc `uajcr om i`dividunls or tfc
nju`dn`gc om vnrious spcgics om jirds.
Tfc study nrcn govcrcd jy tfc wcstcr` jngewntcrs om Wn`dspit / Fnwecs Jny acnsurcs njout 322 fcgtnrcs.
An`krovc morcst o` 722 fn is i` kood go`ditio` n`d >22 fn is dckrndcd morcst. Tfc grcce systca is o`c om tfc aost
iaportn`t nrcns mor wi`tcri`k, pnssnkc n`d suaacri`k sforcjirds i` Rneistn`, n`d nlso supports sik`imign`t `uajcrs
om goraorn`ts, mlnai`kocs, duges, kulls, n`d tcr`s.
ANTCZINLW N@D ACTFODW
Tfc study sitc is logntcd jcfi`d tfc Wn`dspit / Fnwecs Jny jcngf (:4 32 @, == 3= C) i` [cstcr` Jngewntcrs
an`krovc nrcn. @i`c spots wcrc sclcgtcd mor jirds ojscrvntio`snlo`k tfc ani` gfn``cl (Mik. >)n`d its jrn`gfcs(Anp->).
>. Mlorn n`d vckctntio`
Tfc wfolc study nrcn wns survcycd i` dimmcrc`t scnso`s n`d n list om nll nvnilnjlc pln`t spcgics wns prcpnrcd.
]nrious cgolokignl gfnrngtcristigs om tfc spcgics i`gludi`k tfcir aigrofnjitnt prcmcrc`gcs wcrc `otcd dow`.
Tfc mlorn nssogintcd witf an`krovcs n`d tfnt prcsc`t nwny mroa an`krovcs o` fikfcr krou`ds wns nlso `otcd
dow`.
Tfc limc moras wcrc dctcrai`cd jy tfc gritcrin kivc` jy Znu`eincr (>974).
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
3/18
MLOZN N@D N]IMNS@N NWWOGINTCD [ITF ENZNGFI JNGE[NTCZW AN@KZO]C MOZCWT 763
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
Mik.>. N vicw om ani` gfn``cl nt fikf tidc.
Mik.:. Jirds mccdi`k o` aud-mlnts nt cjj tidc.
:. Nvimnu`nI` nvimnu`n nll tfc spcgics om jirds wcrc ojscrvcd wfigf nrc `oranlly mou`d. Tfc dctnilcd ojscrvntio`s om jirds
i` tfc study nrcn wcrc tnec` o` ao`tfly jnsis i` tfc gurrc`t rcscnrgf study.
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
4/18
76= ZNFNT HNJCC@CT NL.,
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
]isits wcrc nlwnys andc duri`k tfc cjj tidcs (tfc pcriod jctwcc` fikf tidc n`d low tidc) so tfnt anxiaua pnrt
om tfc i`tcrtidnl nrcn any jc cxnai`cd (Mik. :). Tfc study nrcn wns survcycd mor tfc jirds cstiantio`, i` totnl5 o`c
mull dny visit pcr ao`tf wns sgfcdulcd. I` tfis wny >: visits wcrc go`dugtcd mor tfc totnl gou`ts.
Micld ji`ogulnr witf spcgimigntio`s om >2V32 wcrc uscd. Tclcsgopc wns uscd mor spcgics idc`timigntio` mor
krcntcr distn`gcs tfn` ji`ogulnrs. Tfc tclcsgopc wfigf wns utilizcd i` jird spcgics idc`timigntio` fnd spcgimigntio`s
om :2V to =2V. Duc to its fcnvy wcikft it wns aou tcd o` n tripod to nvoid vijrntio` duri`k tfc ojscrvntio`.
N spotti`k sgopc aou`tcd o` n tripod wns caploycd mor gou`ti`k n`d idc`timigntio` om jirds. [fc` tfc nrcn wns
lnrkc n`d tfc jirds wcrc sgnttcrcd, tfc` gou`ti`k n`d idc`timigntio` om jirds wns do`c mor `cnrly cvcry >22 actcrs.
Gnrc wns nlwnys tnec` `ot to disturj tfc jirds so tfnt tfcy aikft `ot mly clscwfcrc rcsulti`k i` doujlc gou`ts.
OJWCZ]NTIO@W N@D ZCWSLTW
>. Mlorn n`d ]ckctntio`I` tfc prcsc`t study tfc pln`t jiodivcrsity om jngewntcrs wns mou`d ns totnl 36 spcgics (4; digots n`d >>
ao`ogots) jclo`ki`k to :: mnailics (:2 digots n`d : ao`ogots) n`d 43 kc`crn om wfigf 7= wcrc digots n`d 9 wcrc
ao`ogots (Mik. 7). Nao`k mnailics Rongcnc wns tfc lnrkcst mnaily (9 spcgics) mollowcd jy Rnpilio`ngcnc,
Gfc`opodingcnc n`d Nanrn`tfngcnc (3 spcgics cngf) o` scgo`d rn`e wfilc Cupforjingcnc wns tfc tfird lnrkcst
mnaily witf 4 spcgics (Mik. 4).
Nao`k kc`crn Cupforjin wns tfc lnrkcst kc`us witf 4 spcgics, Fcliotropiua wns tfc scgo`d lnrkcst kc`us witf 7
spcgics n`dNanrn`tfus,Lnu`ncn, Wc``n, Glcoac,Njutilo`, I`dikomcrn, Gypcrus n`dDngtylogtc`iua wcrc o` tfird
positio` witf : spcgics i` cngf kc`us (Mik. 3). Tfcsc lnrkcr mnailics n`d kc`crn go`trijutcd 46.:;% n`d 7=.:2% omtfc mlorn om tfc study nrcn rcspcgtivcly (Tnjlc - >).
Zcknrdi`k tfc Fnjit om tfc pln`ts, fcrjs (:3) wcrc tfc lnrkcst fnjit gntckory i` tfc study nrcn mollowcd jy krnsscs
(Mik. =). Zcknrdi`k limc moras, Gfnancpfytc wns tfc lnrkcst limc-mora (:4) mollowcd jy Tfcropfytcs (>=) n`d
Rfn`cropfytcs o` 7rdpositio` witf 9 spcgics (Mik. ;). Tfc goaplctc gfcgelist om pln`ts witf tfcir limc-moras, fnjit,
n`d otfcr i`morantio` is providcd i` Tnjlc :.
Mik. 7. @uajcr om Rln`t mnailics, kc`crn n`d spcgics i` tfc study nrcn.
Tfc pln`t spcgics om tfc study nrcn oggurrcd i` mour ei`ds om aigrofnjitnts. Tfc aost nju`dn`t n`d proai`c`t
ei`d om vckctntio` nrc tfc an`krovc morcsts moracd jy n si`klc an`krovc spcgics Nvigc``in anri`n i` tfc i`tcr-tidnl
zo`c. I` ndditio` to Nvigc``in, mour aorc fnlopfytig spcgics oggurrcd nlaost i` tfc i`tcr-tidnl zo`c i` glosc
proxiaity om an`krovcs. N`otfcr >9 fnlopfytcs oggurrcd soacwfnt nwny mroa an`krovcs o` aoist snli`c soil,
soac o` tfc sn`dy strctgf townrds tfc ani` scn gonst, c.k. Lotus knrgi`ii,I`dikomcrn nrkc`tcn, Nstrnknlus mntac`sis
n`d Rolygnrpncn spigntn,ctg. Tfc rniscd ln`d nwny mroa an`krovcs wns dry rogey or sn`dy n`d nppnrc`tly `o`-
snli`c or witf vcry low snli`ity. Twc`ty pln`t spcgics (`o`-fnlopfytcs) oggurrcd i` tfis aigrofnjitnt. Tfc mourtf
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
5/18
MLOZN N@D N]IMNS@N NWWOGINTCD [ITF ENZNGFI JNGE[NTCZW AN@KZO]C MOZCWT 76;
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
aigrofnjitnt wns tfc vigi`ity om gultivntcd plngcs, liec lnw`s n`d mlowcr jcds nlo`k vnrious juildi`ks n`d opc`
spngcs rcgc`tly disturjcd jy fuan` ngtivity. Tfirtcc` spcgics oggurrcd i` tfis ei`d om aigrofnjitnt, tfcsc wcrc nlso
aostly `o`-fnlopfytcs (Mik. 6, n`d Nppc`dix-I). Tfoukf quitc n mcw spcgics oggurrcd i` aorc tfn` o`c typc om
aigrofnjitnts, jut tfc njovc ac`tio`cd distrijutio` rcmcrs to tfcir aorc prcmcrrcd aigrofnjitnt. Fowcvcr, tfc nlic`
i`vnsivc spcgicsRrosopis hulimlorn wns prcsc`t i` nlaost cvcry ei`d om aigrofnjitnts, cvc` nao`k Nvigc``instn`ds
i` tfc i`tcrtidnl zo`c.
Mik. 4. Tfc lnrkcst, :`d lnrkcst n d 7rd lnrkcst (witf rcmcrc`gc to tfc `uajcr om
spcgics) pln`t mnaily om tfc study nrcn.
Tnjlc >. Lnrkcr pln`t mnailics n`d lnrkcr kc`crn om tfc study nrcn.
Mnailics @uajcr omspcgics
Kc`crn @uajcr omspcgics
Nanrn`tfngcnc 3 Nanrn`tfus :
Gfc`opodingcnc 3 Lnu`ncn :
Cupforjingcnc 4 Fcliotropiua 7
Rnpilio`ngcnc 3 Wc``n :
Rongcnc 9 Glcoac :
Cupforjin 4
Njutilo` :
I`dikomcrn :
Gypcrus :
Dngtylogtc`iua :
Totnl8 :6 (46.:;%) :7 (79.=3%)
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
6/18
766 ZNFNT HNJCC@CT NL.,
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
Mik. 3. Tfc lnrkcst, :`d lnrkcst n`d 7rd lnrkcst pln t kc`crn om tfc study nrcn.
Mik. =. Fnjit distrijutio` om pln`t spcgics i` tfc study nrcn.
Nvigc``in anri`n wns tfc o`ly trcc spcgics i` tfc study nrcn, nll otfcrs wcrc sfrujs or fcrjs. Tfoukf Rrosopis
hulimlornnlso jcgoacs n trcc witf nkc, jut tfc i`dividunls mou`d i` tfc study pcriod wcrc nll lnrkc sfrujs.
:. Nvimnu`n
I` tfc six ycnrs i`vc`toryi`k n`d ao`itori`k wore o` tfc nvimnu`n om tfc study nrcn duri`k :223 n`d :2>2, n
totnl om 9= spcgics wcrc rcgordcd (Tnjlc 7) witf n guaulntivc gou`t om >:>92: i`dividunls (Tnjlcs 4).
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
7/18
MLOZN N@D N]IMNS@N NWWOGINTCD [ITF ENZNGFI JNGE[NTCZW AN@KZO]C MOZCWT 769
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
Mik. ;. Distrijutio` om Limc-moras i` tfc study nrcn.
Mik. 6. Rln`t spcgics oggurri`k i` dimmcrc`t aigrofnjitnts.
>-I`tcrtidnl zo`c n`d glosc proxiaity om an`krovcs,
: - Aoist snli`c soil soacwfnt nwny mroa an`krovcs,
7 - Fikfcr, dry rogey or sn`dy ln`d,
4 - Rroxiaity om gultivntcd plngcs
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
8/18
792 ZNFNT HNJCC@CT NL.,
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
Tnjlc :. List om pln t spcgics witf tfcir limc-moras n`d Fnjit.
W. @o @nac om mnailics @nac om Kc`us
@nac om Rln`t spcgics Fnjit Limc MorasM/Wpp.
(@o om kc`crn/@o. om
spp.)
(@o. om spp.)
>/> Nizongcnc (>/>) Nizoo`(>) Nizoo` gn`nric`scL. Fcrj Tfcropfytc
:/: Nanrn`tfngcnc (4/3) Ncrvn (>)Ncrvn hnvn`ign (Jura. m.) Huss. cxH.N. Wgfultcs Wfruj Rfn`cropfytc
7Nltcr`n`tfcrn(>) Nltcr`n`tfcrn scssilis (L.) DG. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc
4 Nanrn`tfus (:) Nanrn`tfus krncgizn`sL. Fcrj Tfcropfytc
3 Nanrn`tfus viridisL. Fcrj Tfcropfytc
= Dikcrn (>) Dikcrn aurigntn(L.) Anrt. Fcrj Tfcropfytc
7/; Nsglcpindngcnc (>/>) Gnlotropis (>) Gnlotropis progcrn Z. Jr. Wfruj Rfn`cropfytc
4/6 Nstcrngcnc (>/:) Lnu`ncn (:)Lnu`ncn proguajc`s (Zoxj.)Nai`. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc
9 Lnu`ncn rcscdimolin (L.) Eu`tzc Fcrj Gfnancpfytc
3/>2 Nvigc``ingcnc (>/>) Nvigc``in (>) Nvigc``in anri`n (Morsse.) ]icrf. Trcc Rfn`cropfytc
=/>> Jornki`ngcnc (>/7)Fcliotropiua(7) Fcliotropiua grispua Dcsm. Wujsfruj Gfnancpfytc
>:Fcliotropiua opfioklossua Wtogescx Joiss. Wujsfruj Gfnancpfytc
>7 Fcliotropiua strikosua [illd. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc
;/>4 Gncsnlpi`ingcnc (>/:) Wc``n (:)Wc``n foloscrigcn (Mrcsc`.)Krcutcr Wujsfruj Gfnancpfytc
>3 Wc``n itnlign Aill. Wujsfruj Gfnancpfytc
6/>= Gnppnridngcnc (:/7) Gnppnris (>) Gnppnris gnrtilnki`cnDcg`c.Wtrnkkli`ksfruj Gfnancpfytc
>; Glcoac (:) Glcoac jrngfygnrpn ]nfl. cx DG. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc
>6 Glcoac visgosn L. Fcrj Tfcropfytc
9/>9 Gnryopfyllngcnc (>/>) Rolygnrpncn (>) Rolygnrpncn spigntn [ikft & Nr`. Fcrj Tfcropfytc
>2/:2 Gfc`opodingcnc (3/3)Nrtfrog`caua(>)
Nrtfrog`caua angrostngfyua(Aorig.) G. Eogf Wfruj Gfnancpfytc
:> Ntriplcx (>) Ntriplcx stogesii Joiss. Wujsfruj Gfnancpfytc
::Gfc`opodiua(>) Gfc`opodiua aurnlc L. Fcrj Tfcropfytc
:7 Wnlsoln (>) Wnlsoln iajrigntn Morsse. Wfruj Rfn`cropfytc
:4 Wuncdn (>)Wuncdn mrutigosn Morsse. cx H. M.Kacli` Wfruj Gfnancpfytc
>>/:3 Go`volvulngcnc (7/7) Go`volvulus (>) Go`volvulus kloacrntus Gfoisy Fcrj Gfnancpfytc
:= Grcssn (>) Grcssn grctign L. Fcrj Tfcropfytc
:; Ipoaocn (>) Ipoaocn pcs-gnprnc (L.) Z. Jr. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc
>:/:6 Cupforjingcnc (>/4) Cupforjin (4) Cupforjin gndugimolin Fni`cs Wfruj Rfn`cropfytc
:9 Cupforjin glnrecn`n Fooe. m. Fcrj Tfcropfytc
72 Cupforjin firtn L. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc
7>Cupforjin scrpc`s Eu`tf i`Fuaj. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc
>7/7: Anlvngcnc (:/7) Njutilo` (:) Njutilo` mrutigosuaKuill.& Rcrr. Wfruj Gfnancpfytc
77 Njutilo` i`digua(L.) WwcctLnrkcWfruj Rfn`cropfytc
74 Widn (>) Widn ovntn Morsse. Wujsfruj Gfnancpfytc
>4/73 Aiaosngcnc (>/>) Rrosopis (>) Rrosopis hulimlorn (Wwnrtz) DG.LnrkcWfruj Rfn`cropfytc
>3/7= Aolluki`ngcnc (>/>) Kli`us (>) Kli`us lotoidcsL. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc
>=/7; Orojn`gfngcnc (>/>) Gistn`gfc (>) Gistn`gfc tujulosn[illd. Fcrj Gryptopfytc
>;/76 Rnpilio`ngcnc (4/3) Nstrnknlus (>)
Nstrnknlus mntac`sis Fogfst. cx
Jlnttcr Fcrj Tfcropfytc
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
9/18
MLOZN N@D N]IMNS@N NWWOGINTCD [ITF ENZNGFI JNGE[NTCZW AN@KZO]C MOZCWT 79>
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
79 I`dikomcrn (:) I`dikomcrn nrkc`tcn Fcrj Gfnancpfytc
42 I`dikomcrn ojlo`kimolin Morse. Wfruj Rfn`cropfytc
4> Lotus (>) Lotus knrgi`ii DG. Fcrj Tfcropfytc
4: Tcpfrosin (>)Tcpfrosin u`imlorn Jlnttcr &Fnlljcrk Fcrj Tfcropfytc
>6/4> Rluajnki`ngcnc (>/>) Liao`iua (>)
Liao`iua stogesii (Joiss.) O.
Eu`tzc Wujsfruj Gfnancpfytc
>9/4: Tnanrigngcnc (>/>) Tnanrix (>) Tnanrix nlii ^niscrLnrkcsfruj Rfn`cropfytc
:2/47 Xykopfyllngcnc (7/7) Mnko`in (>) Mnko`in i`dign Jura.m. Wfruj Gfnancpfytc
4= Trijulus (>) Trijulus tcrrcstris L. Fcrj Tfcropfytc
4; Xykopfyllua (>) Xykopfyllua siaplcx L. Fcrj Tfcropfytc
:>/46 Gypcrngcnc (>/:) Gypcrus (:) Gypcrus lo`kus L. Wcdkc Gryptopfytc
49 Gypcrus rotu`dus L. Wcdkc Gryptopfytc
::/32 Rongcnc (6/9) Ncluropus (>)
Ncluropus lnkopoidcs (L.) Tri`. cx
Tfw. Krnss Gryptopfytc
3> Gy`odo` (>) Gy`odo` dngtylo` (L.) Rcrs. Krnss Fcaigryptopfytc
3:
Dngtylogtc`iua
(:)
Dngtylogtc`iua nckyptiua (L.)
[illd. Krnss Tfcropfytc
37 Dngtylogtc`iua nristntua Li`e Krnss Tfcropfytc
34 Fnlopyrua (>) Fnlopyrua augro`ntua (L.) Wtnmp Krnss Fcaigryptopfytc
33 Lcptotfriua (>) Lcptotfriua sc`cknlc`sc (Eu`tf)Glnyto` Krnss Fcaigryptopfytc
3= Wctnrin (>) Wctnrin vcrtigillntn (L.) R. Jcnuv. Krnss Tfcropfytc
3; Wporojolus (>) Wporojolus nrnjigus Joiss. Krnss Fcaigryptopfytc
36 Srogfo`drn (>)Srogfo`drn sctulosn (Tri`.) G.C.Fujj. Krnss Fcaigryptopfytc
Tnxo`oay
Tfc rcgordcd 9= spcgics jclo`kcd to =4 kc`crn i` 7: mnailics n`d tc` ordcrs (Mik. 9). Tfc lnrkcst ordcr
Rnsscrimoracs go`sistcd om >: mnailics, scgo`d lnrkcst ordcr Gfnrndriimoracs go`sistcd om = mnailics n`d tfird
lnrkcst ordcr Gorngiimoracsgo`sistcd om 4 mnailics, wfilc ordcrsMnlgo`iimoracs, Rclcgn`imoracs, n`dGigo`iimoracs
go`sistcd om : mnailics cngf. Tfc lnrkcst mnaily wns Wgolopogidncwfigf go`tni`cd >= spcgics5 nll tfcsc spcgics wcrc
aikrntory (wi`tcr visitors). Tfc scgo`d lnrkcst mnaily wns Nrdcnidncwitf >2 spcgics aost om wfigf wcrc rcsidc`t
spcgics witf two wi`tcr visitors. Tfc tfird lnrkcst mnaily Wtcr`idnc go`tni`cd cikft spcgics, mivc om wfigf wcrc
wi`tcr visitors n`d tfrcc rcsidc`ts (Mik. >2). Tfcsc tfrcc lnrkcr mnailics, go`trijutcd 73.4>% om tfc totnl spcgics i`tfc study nrcn mroa :223-:2>2.
Tnjlc 7. Tnxo`oaig jrcne-up n`d oggurrc`gc om jird spcgics ojscrvcd i` tfc study nrcn duri`k :223:2>2.
Ordcr Mnailics Wpcgics Goaao` `nac Oggurrc`gc
Gfnrdriimoracs
Zcgurvirostridnc>. Fian`topus fian`topus Jlnge [i`kcd Wtilt Goaao`
:. Zcgurvirostrn nvoscttn Nvogct S`gcrtni`
Gfnrndriidnc
7. Gfnrndrius nlcxn`dri`us Ec`tisf Rlovcr Lcss goaao`
4. Gfnrndrius dujius Littlc Zi`kcd Rlovcr Lcss goaao`
3. Gfnrndrius fintiguln Goaao` Zi`kcd Rlovcr Lcss goaao`
=. Gfnrndrius lcsgfc`nultii Krcntcr Wn`d Rlovcr Goaao`
;. Gfnrndrius ao`kolusLcsscr Wn`d Rlovcr /
Ao`kolin` RlovcrGoaao`
6. Rluvinlis squntnroln Krcy Rlovcr Lcss goaao`
9. ]n`cllus i`digus Zcd wnttlcd Lnpwi`k Aost goaao`
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
10/18
79: ZNFNT HNJCC@CT NL.,
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
Wgolopngidnc
>2. Ngtitis fypolcugos / Tri`kn
fypolcugosGoaao` Wn`dpipcr Goaao`
>>. Gnlidris nljn Wn`dcrli`k Lcss `uajcr
>:. Gnlidris nlpi`n Du`li` Lcss goaao`
>7. Gnlidris gn`utus Zcd E`ot Lcss goaao`
>4. Gnlidris ai`utn Littlc Wti`t Lcss goaao`
>3. Knlli`nko knlli`nko Goaao` W`ipc Lcss goaao`
>=. Liaosn lnppo`ign Jnrtnilcd Kodwit Zckulnr
>;. Liaosn liaosn Jlnge Tnilcd Kodwit Zckulnr
>6. @uac`ius pfncopus [fiajrcl Goaao`
>9. @uac`ius nrquntn Curnsin` Gurlcw Goaao`
:2. Rfnlnropus lojntus Rfnlnropc Lcss goaao`
:>. Tri`kn crytfropus Wpottcd Zcd Wfn`e Lcss goaao`
::. Tri`kn ogfropus Krcc` Wn`dpipcr Zckulnr
:7. Tri`kn stnk`ntilis Anrsf Wn`dpipcr Lcss goaao`
:4. Tri`kn totn`us Goaao` Zcd Wfn`e Goaao`
:3. Vc`us gi`crcus Tcrce Wn`dpipcr Lcss goaao`
Lnridnc
:=. Lnrus nrkc`tntus Fcrri`k Kull Goaao`
:;. Lnrus musgus Lcsscr Jlnge fcnd Kull Goaao`
:6. Lnrus ridiju`dus Jlnge Fcndcd Kull Goaao`
:9. Lnruss jru``igcpfnlus Jrow` Fcndcd Kull Zckulnr
Wtcr`idnc
72. Gflido`ins fyjridus [fisecrcd Tcr` Lcss goaao`
7>. Kclogfclido` `ilotign Kull Jillcd Tcr` Goaao`
7:. Fydroprok`c gnspin Gnspin` Tcr` Zckulnr
77. Wtcr`n ngutignudn Jlnge Jcllicd Tcr` Zckulnr
74. Wtcr`n nurn`tin Zivcr Tcr` Lcss goaao`
73. Wtcr`n firu`do Goaao` Tcr` Zckulnr
7=. Wtrc`uln nljimro`s Littlc Tcr` Zckulnr
7;. Tfnlnsscus sn`dvigc`sis Wn`dwigf Tcr` Goaao`
Fncantopodidnc 76. Fncantopus ostrnlckus Curnsin` OystcrgntgfcrLcss Goaao` /
rnrc
Nggipitridnc
79. Nggipitcr jndius Wfiern Lcss goaao`
Mnlgo`imoracs
42. Girgus ncruki`osus Anrsf Fnrricr Mrcquc`t rckulnr
4>. Ailvus aikrn`s Goaao` Eitc Lcss goaao`
4:. Fnlinstur i`dus Jrnfnai`y Eitc Lcss goaao`
Rn`dio`idnc 47. Rn`dio` fnlinctus Osprcy Lcss goaao`
Rclcgn`imoracs
Rfnlngrogorngidnc
44. Rfnlngrogornx ikcr Littlc Goraorn`t Goaao`
43. Rfnlngrogornx gnrjo Lnrkc Goraorn`t Goaao`
4=.Rfnlngrogornx musgigollisI`din` Goraorn`t / I`din`
WfnkLcss goaao`
Rclcgn`idnc4;.Rclcgn`us crytfrorfy`gfos [fitc Rclign` ]cry rnrc
46. Rclcgn`us grispus Dnlantin` Rclign` ]cry rnrc
Gigo`iimoracs Nrdcidnc49. Nrdcn nljn Krcnt Lnrkc Ckrct Goaao`
32. Nrdcn gi`crcn Krcy Fcro` Lcss goaao`
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
11/18
MLOZN N@D N]IMNS@N NWWOGINTCD [ITF ENZNGFI JNGE[NTCZW AN@KZO]C MOZCWT 797
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
3>. Nrdcn i`tcracdin / Acsopfoyx
i`tcracdinAcdin` Ckrct Goaao`
3:. Nrdcn purpurcn Rurplc Fcro` Tfrcntc`cd
37. Nrdcoln krnyii Ro`d Fcro` Goaao`
34. Jujulgus ijis Gnttlc Ckrct ]cry rnrc
33. Jutoridcs strintus Littlc Fcro` ]cry rnrc3=. Ckrcttn kulnris [cstcr` Zccm Fcro` Goaao`
3;. Ckrcttn knrzcttn Littlc Ckrct Goaao`
36. @ygtigornx `ytigornx Jlnge Grow`cd @ikft Fcro` Znrc
Tfrcseior`itfidnc
39. Rlckndis mnlgi`cllus Klossy Ijis Znrc
=2. Rlntnlcn lcugorodin Curnsin` Wpoo` Jill Lcss goaao`
Rfoc`igoptcrimoracs Rfoc`igoptcridnc =>. Rfoc`igoptcrus rujcr Krcntcr Mlnai`ko Goaao`
N`scrimoracs N`ntidnc
=:. Tndor`n tndor`n Goaao` Wfclduge Goaao`
=7. Nytfyn mulikuln Tumtcd Duge Aodcrntc rckulnr
=4. N`ns nguntn Ri`tnil Lcss `uajcr
=3. Nytfyn mcri`n Rogfnrd
Zckulnr lcss
`uajcr
Gorngiimoracs
Nlgcdi`idnc ==. Nlgcdo nttfis Wanll Ei`k Misfcr Lcss goaao`
Fnlyo`idnc =;. Fnlgyo` sayr`c`sis [fitc jrcnstcd Ei`k Misfcr Lcss goaao`
Gcrylidnc =6. Gcrylc rudis Ricd Ei`k Misfcrs Lcss goaao`
Acropidnc=9. Acrops oric`tnlis Wanll Jcc Cntcr Goaao`
;2. Acrops supcrgiliosus Lnrkc Jcc Cntcr Lcss goaao`
Rnsscrimoracs
Ln`iidnc;>. Ln`ius cxujitor Krcnt Krcy Wfriec Lcss goaao`
;:. Ln`ius vittntus Jny Jngecd Wfriec Zckulnr
Gistigolidnc ;7. Ortfotoaus sutorius Tnilor Jird Goaao`
Ngrogcpfnlus ;4Ngrogcpfnlus nru`di`ngcus Krcnt [nrjlcr Goaao`
@cgtnri`iidnc
;3. Gi``yris nsintigus / @cgtnri`in
nsintign Rurplc Wu`jird Goaao`
Ausgignpidnc ;=. Wnxigoloidcs muligntus I`din` Zoji` Goaao`
Xostcropidnc ;;. Xostcrops pnlpcjrosus Oric`tnl [fitc Cyc Goaao`
Nludidnc
;6. Knlcridn gristntn Grcstcd Lnre Lcss goaao`
;9. Gln`drclln rnytnl Wn`d Lnre Znrc
62. Naaoan`cs dcscrti Dcscrt Mi`gf Lnre Lcss goaao`
Ryg`o`otidnc
6>. Ryg`o`otus gnmcr Zcd ]c`tcd Juljul Goaao`
6:. Ryg`o`otus lcugotis [fitc Cnrcd Juljul Goaao`
Wtur`idnc 67. Wtur`us roscus Zosy Rnstor Goaao`
Firu`di`idnc64. Firu`dn rustign Jnr` Wwnllow Rrcdoai`n`t
63. Znpnrin dilutn Rnlc Anrti` Rrcdoai`n`t
Aotngillidnc
6=. Aotngilln mlnvn Ycllow [nktnil Nju`dn`t
6;. Aotngilln nljn [fitc [nktnil Lcss goaao`
66. Aotngilln gi`crcn Krcy [nktnil Lcss goaao`
Gorvidnc 69. Gorvus splc`dc`s Fousc Grow Goaao`
Rnsscridnc 92. Rnsscr doacstigus Fousc Wpnrrow Goaao`
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
12/18
794 ZNFNT HNJCC@CT NL.,
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
Goluajimoras Goluajidnc
9>. Goluajn pnluajus [ood Rikco` [n`dcrcr
9:. Wpilopclin sc`cknlc`sisLnukfi`k Dovc / Littlc Jrow`
DovcGoaao`
97. Wtrcptopclin dcgnogto Curnsin` Gollnrcd Dovc Goaao`
94. Wtrcptopclin trn`qucjnrign Zcd Turtlc /Gollnrcd Dovc Lcss goaao`
Rodigipcdimoracs Rodigipcdidnc93. Rodigcps gristntus Grcstcd Krcjc Goaao`
9=. Rodigcps `ikrigollis Jlnge @cgecd Krcjc Goaao`
Tnjlc 4. Ao`tf-wisc `uajcrs om i dividunls om jird spcgics rcgordcd i` tfc prcsc`t study.
Ycnr
@uajcr om I`dividunls om jird spcgics
Hn` Mcj Anr Npr Any Hu` Hul Nuk Wcp Ogt @ov Dcg Totnl
:223 42>3 327> :=27 >>9: ;=: 3:7 7;: 796 =4; >6;4 :6:7 3:7> :34;>
:22= 7=2: 7992 :277 >224 =29 42= 749 4>3 ==3 >9:3 7>63 4434 ::=7;
:22; 72;= :3>= >4:9 ;>7 >::3 ;:7 4=3 4:7 43: >466 76;2 7976 :27>6
:226 :3=> :64> >322 ;97 492 4:7 762 73: ;73 >427 :49> :969 >=936
:229 :96: 7>3: >7:4 ;77 3>7 737 724 467 646 :2:2 4394 423= :>7=:
:2>2 >92; >997 :264 >293 ;24 37: 379 3=7 ;74 >>2; >=;: :::= >3>3=
Totnl >6>47 >93:7 >29;7 3372 4727 :9=2 :429 :=74 426> 96>; >6=73 ::694 >:>92:
Acn`om
:223-
:2>2
(six
ycnrs)
72:7.67 7:37.67 >6:6.67 9:>.=; ;>;.>; 497.77 42>.32 479.22 =62.>; >=7=.>; 7>23.67 76>3.=;
Mik. 98 @uajcr om ordcrs, mnailics, kc crn n`d spcgics om Nvimnu`n rcgordcd
mroa study nrcn duri`k :223-:2>2
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
13/18
MLOZN N@D N]IMNS@N NWWOGINTCD [ITF ENZNGFI JNGE[NTCZW AN@KZO]C MOZCWT 793
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
Mik. >2. Tfc lnrkcst, :`dlnrkcst n`d 7rdlnrkcst Nvimnu`n mnailics rcgordcd mroa
tfc study nrcn duri`k :223-:2>2.
Mik. >>. Lnrkcst, :`dlnrkcst n`d 7rdlnrkcst Nvimnu`n kc`crn om tfc study nrcn
rcgordcd :223-:2>2.
Tfc jirds kc`crn Gfnrndrius, Gnlidris, Tri`kn, Lnrus, Nrdcn, Wtcr`n, Rfnlngrogornx, n`d Aotngilln go`trijutcd
7:.:9% om tfc totnl `uajcr om spcgics i` tfc study nrcn. Tfcsc cikft kc`crn wcrc lnrkcr witf 7 or aorc spcgics pcr
kc`us (Mik. >>), nll otfcr kc`crn go`sistcd om o`c or two spcgics i` tfc study nrcn.
Ropulntio` dy`naigs
Tfc totnl `uajcr om rcgordcd i`dividunls vnricd i` dimmcrc`t ao`tfs om tfc ycnr tfnt is, aost om tfc spcgics did
`ot sfow n` cvc` distrijutio` tfroukfout tfc ycnr. Tfc fikfcst gou`ts wcrc rcgordcd i` tfc ao`tf om Dcgcajcr i`
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
14/18
79= ZNFNT HNJCC@CT NL.,
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
mivc om tfc six ycnrs om study, mollowcd jy Mcjrunry (mour om tfc six ycnrs). Tfc fikfcr gou`ts sfimtcd i` dimmcrc`t
ycnrs to Hn`unry Anrgf, @ovcajcr, ctg. fowcvcr o` tfc jnsis om six ycnrs totnl, Dcgcajcr sfowcd tfc fikfcst
`uajcrs om i`dividunls mollowcd jy Mcjrunry n`d @ovcajcr (Tnjlc-4). O` tfc otfcr fn`d, witf rcspcgt to tfc ao`tf
om pcne populntio` mor dimmcrc`t spcgics, aost om tfc spcgics sfowcd tfcir pcne populntio`s i` tfc ao`tf om
Dcgcajcr, mollowcd jy Mcjrunry n`d Hn`unry rcspcgtivcly. O` nvcrnkc, 7>.>; spcgics sfowcd tfcir pcne populntio`
i` Dcgcajcr, mollowcd jy Mcjrunry (>6.=; spcgics) n`d >: spcgics sfowcd tfcir pcne populntio` i` Hn`unry (Tnjlc
3).
Tfc totnl gou`t om jirds n`d totnl `uajcr om spcgics wcrc tfc fikfcst i` tfc mirst ycnr om study, i.c. :223 (Tnjlc 4).
I` tfc `cxt ycnr tfc `uajcr om spcgics wns tfc snac jut tfc totnl gou`t dcgrcnscd, n`d i` tfc sujscquc`t ycnrs jotf
tfc `uajcr om spcgics n`d `uajcr om i`dividunls go`ti`ucd to dcgrcnsc5 mourtcc` spcgics fnd totnlly disnppcnrcd (nll
aikrntory), wfilc scvcrnl fnd krcntly dcgrcnscd populntio`s jy tfc c`d om tfc study.
Mik. >:. Mrcquc`gics om Aikrntory n`d Zcsidc`t jirds i` study nrcn duri`k :223-:2>2.
Tnjlc 3. Ao`tf-wisc `uajcr om jird spcgics sfowi`k tfcir pcne populntio` om ycnr.
Ycnr
@uajcr om jird spcgics
Hn` Mcj Anr Npr Any Hu` Hul Nuk Wcp Ogt @ov Dcg
:223 6 77 = 7 : 7 > > 4 6 ; 73
:22= >2 :7 4 3 2 7 > 7 : ; ; 4=
:22; >= 6 7 7 = > 7 7 4 ; :> :7
:226 >2 >9 = 9 > : : : 7 : 4 7;
:229 >3 >7 7 = : : : > : 4 >6 :4
:2>2 >7 >= >7 7 > : 4 4 7 : 7 ::
Acn` om
:223-:2>2
(six ycnrs)
>:.22 >6.=; 3.67 4.67 :.22 :.>; :.>; :.77 7.22 3.22 >2.22 7>.>;
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
15/18
MLOZN N@D N]IMNS@N NWWOGINTCD [ITF ENZNGFI JNGE[NTCZW AN@KZO]C MOZCWT 79;
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
Mik. >7. Mrcquc`gics om nquntig n`d tcrrcstrinl spcgics i` tfc totnl spcgics om jirds
rcgordcd i` study nrcn duri`k study pcriod :223-:2>2.
Mik. >4. Mrcquc`gics om vnrious fnjit gntckorics nao`k tfc rcsidc`t
n`d aikrntory jird spcgics om tfc study nrcn.
Zcsidc`t n`d aikrntor y spcgics
Tfc aikrntory spcgics aostly goac mroa tfc Gc`trnl Nsin, Wijcrin, n`d Curopc to csgnpc tfc fnrsf wi`tcrs om
tfcir `ntivc ln`ds. Woac sfort distn`gc aikrntory spcgics goac mroa tfc fikf nltitudc goldcr nrcns om Rneistn`. Tfc
aikrntory jirds usunlly stnrt goai`k mroa Wcptcajcr Ogtojcr n`d stnrt rctur`i`k to tfcir foacln`ds mroa
Mcjrunry.
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
16/18
796 ZNFNT HNJCC@CT NL.,
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
Tfc snaplc go`tni`cd 36 aikrntory n`d 76 rcsidc`t jird spcgics (Mik. >:). Ovcrnll, tfcrc wcrc =6 nquntig n`d :6
tcrrcstrinl spcgics nao`k tfc totnl om 9= spcgics (Mik. >7). Tfc rcsidc`t spcgics fnd aorc tcrrcstrinl spcgics (:7) tfn`
i` tfc aikrntory spcgics (o`ly 3 tcrrcstrinl spcgics)5 wfilc tfc `uajcr om wndcr spcgics wns tfc fikfcst (74) nao`k
aikrntory nquntigs n`d fovcrcr divcr spcgics nao`k rcsidc`t nquntigs wcrc aorc tfn` otfcr nquntig gntckorics om
rcsidc`ts (Mik. >4).
Nppc`dix - I
n) Wpcgics i` i`tcrtidnl zo`c n`d glosc
proxiaity om An`krovc
>. Nvigc``in anri`n
:. Nrtfrog`caua angrostngfyua
7. Wuncdn mrutigosn
4. Gistn`gfc tujulosn
3. Ncluropus lnkopoidcs
g ) Wpcgics o` fikfcr, dry rogey, or sn`dy
ln`d8
> Ncrvn hnvn`ign
: Gnlotropis progcrn
7 Fcliotropiua opfioklossua
4 Fcliotropiua strikosua
3 Wc``n foloscrigcn
= Wc``n itnlign
; Gnppnris gnrtilnki`cn
6 Glcoac jrngfygnrpn
9 Glcoac visgosn
>2 Go`volvulus kloacrntus
>> Cupforjin gndugimolin
>: Njutilo` mrutigosua
>7 Njutilo` i`digua
>4 Widn ovntn
>3 Tcpfrosin u`imlorn
>= Trijulus tcrrcstris
>; Dngtylogtc`iua nristntua
>6 Lcptotfriua sc`cknlc`sc
>9 Wporojolus nrnjigus
:2 Mnko`in i`dign
j) Wpcgics o` aoist snli`c soil, soacwfnt
nwny mroa an`krovcs8
>. Nizoo` gn`nric`sc
:. Lnu`ncn rcscdimolin
7. Fcliotropiua grispua
4. Rolygnrpncn spigntn
3. Ntriplcx stogesii
=. Wnlsoln iajrigntn
;. Grcssn grctign
6. Ipoaocn pcs-gnprnc
9. Nstrnknlus mntac`sis
>2. I`dikomcrn nrkc`tcn
>>. I`dikomcrn ojlo`kimolin
>:. Lotus knrgi`ii
>7. Liao`iua stogesii>4. Tnanrix nlii
>3. Xykopfyllua siaplcx
>=. Gypcrus lo`kus
>;. Gypcrus rotu`dus
>6. Fnlopyrua augro`ntua
>9. Srogfo`drn sctulosn
d) Wpcgics i` proxiaity om gultivntcd plngcs8
> Nltcr`n`tfcrn scssilis
: Nanrn`tfus krncgizn`s
7 Nanrn`tfus viridis
4 Dikcrn aurigntn
3 Lnu`ncn proguajc`s
= Gfc`opodiua aurnlc
; Cupforjin glnrecn`n
6 Cupforjin firtn
9 Cupforjin scrpc`s
>2 Kli`us lotoidcs
>> Gy`odo` dngtylo`
>: Dngtylogtc`iua nckyptiua
>7 Wctnrin vcrtigillntn
8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
17/18
MLOZN N@D N]IMNS@N NWWOGINTCD [ITF ENZNGFI JNGE[NTCZW AN@KZO]C MOZCWT 799
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.
DIWGSWWIO@
Tfc an`krovc cgosystca i`volvcs n goaplcx `ctwore om spcgics i`tcrngti`k witf cngf otfcr n`d witf tfc
njiotig pnrts om tfc cgosystca (AgMnrln`c, :22>). Cmmcgtivc an`nkcac`t n`d go`scrvntio` rcquirc jnsig i`morantio`
i`gludi`k spcgics goapositio` n`d pfysigogfcaignl n`d jiolokignl i`digntors om cgosystca fcnltf (Folkui` ct nl.
:22=).
Tfc Enrngfi Jngewntcrs an`krovcs nrc u`iquc i` `ot o`ly jci`k tfc nrid gliantc an`krovcs, jut nlso jy tfc
mngt tfnt tfcy do `ot lic i` n dcltnig plni`, n`d tfc aigrogliantc n`d pfysiok`oaig dimmcrc`gc is quitc sfnrp i` tfc
surrou`di`k nrcns.
Tfc c`tirc Jngewntcrs nrcn om Enrngfi is u`dcr tfc go`trol om tfc Enrngfi Rort Trust (ERT). Nggordi`k to ERT,
tfc totnl [cstcr` Jngewntcrs nrcn is npproxiantcly :392 fcgtnrcs (fttp8//ept.kov.pe/pnkcs/Dcmnult.nspx?id1>44
4/>9/:2>4). Nggordi`k to Nfacd (:22=), tfc nrcn go`tni`s 422 fcgtnrcs om an`krovc swnaps. N`o`yaous (:223)
knvc Enrngfi fnrjor an`krovc morcst nrcn ns 963.32 fcgtnrcs o` tfc jnsis om WROTVW :227 dntn, jut i` tfc snac
rcport ac`tio`cd tfc an`krovcs nrcn u`dcr tfc ERT go`trol ns 322 fcgtnrcs. Tfcrcmorc tfc cxngt cxtc`t om tfc
Enrngfi [cstcr` Jngewntcrs an`krovc morcst is `ot nggurntcly e`ow`.
Tfc Enrngfi [cstcr` Jngewntcrs an`krovc morcst go`sists om tfc trccs om n si`klc an`krovc spcgics, i.c.
Nvigc``in anri`n, u`liec tfc I`dus dcltn an`krovc morcsts wfigf nrc fistorignlly rcportcd to fnvc fnd cikft
an`krovc spcgics (Jlnttcr ct nl.,>9:9), `ow tfcy fnvc 4 (Iarn` :2>7).
Enrngfi is surrou`dcd jy low gnlgnrcous fills wfigf nrc tfc go`ti`untio` om tfc Eirtfnr mootfills. I` tfis wny,
tfc Gity om Enrngfi lics nt tfc accti`k poi`t om tfc dcltnig plni` om I`dus Zivcr n`d tfc rukkcd filly tcrrni` om
Jnlogfistn`. Liecwisc tfc an`krovc cgosystca om tfc wcstcr` jngewntcrs is nlso mri`kcd jy goapnrntivcly fikf n`drogey krou`d witf sanll filloges nlo`k its ani`-ln`dwnrds anrki`s. Tfis dry-ln`d supports n mlorn totnlly dimmcrc`t
mroa tfc mlorn om tfc an`krovc cgosystca n`d its glosc vigi`ity. Tfis gfnrngtcristig nlso dimmcrc`tintcs tfis an`krovc
cgosystca mroa tfnt om tfc I`dus dcltn, wfcrc sugf n` njrupt cdnpfig n`d pfysiok`oaig dimmcrc`gc is `ot prcsc`t i`
tfc ndhoi`i`k nrcns.
I` tfc prcsc`t study, jirds wcrc pnrtigulnrly ojscrvcd i` dctnil ns tfcy nrc tfc aost proai`c`t mnu`nl goapo`c`t
i` tfc an`krovc cgosystcas. Tfc prcsc`t study is tfc mirst om its ei`d n`ywfcrc nlo`k Rneistn`s gonst i` wfigf
ao`tfly ao`itori`k om tfc populntio`s om jird spcgics fns jcc` do`c n`d trc`ds om populntio` dy`naigs fnvc jcc`
rcgok`izcd. It is i`tcrcsti`k tfnt tfc `uajcr om spcgics (9= spcgics) mou`d i` tfc prcsc`t study, nltfoukf jci`k lowcr
tfn` tfnt prcviously rcportcd (>>4 spcgics jy Durrn`cc ct nl. :226), wns still mnirly fikf go`sidcri`k tfc sanll sizc om
tfc study nrcn, n`d i` goapnriso` to gcrtni` otfcr studics. Folkui` ct nl. (:22=) rcport 76 jird spcgics mroa
u`dnankcd an`krovcs nt tfc soutfcr` c`d om tfc Jnfin dc Ln Rnz i` Acxigo. Aofd-Nzln` ct nl. (:2>:) mou`d ;2
spcgics om jirds i` tfc `ortfcr` Nustrnlin` an`krovcs. Acstrc ct nl. (:22;) rcportcd 6> spcgics mroa Rnrn`nku jny,
Jrnzil. Rnwnr (:2>>) rcportcd 3= spcgics mroa tfc an`krovcs om Srn` (Anfnrnsftrn, I`din). Mroa tfc an`krovcnrcns om Wi`df, Fnsn` (>994) rcportcd =: spcgics5 n`d [nrd (>999) mou`d := spcgics i` tfc Kfnro grcce an`krovcs
om tfc I`dus dcltn. N possijlc rcnso` mor tfis goapnrntivcly fikf `uajcr om jird spcgics i` tfc Jngewntcrs gould jc
tfc u`iquc logntio` om tfis an`krovc cgosystca naid tfc dry rogey n`d sn`dy tcrritory wfcrc tfc surrou`di`k nrcn
mlorn njruptly gfn`kcs. Ovcr quitc n lnrkc nrcn, tfcsc an`krovcs nrc tfc o`ly dc`sc morcst nvnilnjlc. Tfcrcmorc n
mnirly lnrkc `uajcr om tcrrcstrinl rcsidc`t jirds nrc nlso prcsc`t fcrc (i` ndditio` to nquntig n`d aikrntory jirds) ns
tfcy mi`d tfis plngc quitc suitnjlc mor sfcltcr n`d jrccdi`k. I` gnsc om I`dus dcltn o` tfc otfcr fn`d, tfcrc nrc vnst
irrikntcd gropln`ds witf dc`sc tfigects om Ngngin `ilotignn`d gcrtni` otfcr trccs, sfrujs, n`d mnirly rigf fcrjngcous
govcr. Tfcrcmorc tfc tcrrcstrinl rcsidc`t jirds any `ot jc i`tcrcstcd i` an`krovcs ns tfcy mi`d jcttcr livi`k n`d
mccdi`k plngcs i`ln`d. Tfc an`krovc morcsts om I`dus dcltn nrc i`fnjitcd aostly jy nquntig jirds.
It is `otnjlc tfnt jotf tfc `uajcr om jird spcgics n`d i`dividunls go`ti`ucd to dcgrcnsc ovcr tfc study ycnrs5 n`d
>4 spcgics totnlly disnppcnrcd jy tfc c`d om tfc study. Nll tfcsc >4 spcgics wcrc aikrntory spcgics5 n`d i`
goapnriso` to tfc wore om Durrn`cc ct nl.(:226), n`otfcr :3 om tfc aikrntory spcgics listcd jy tfca wcrc `ot mou`d
i` tfc prcsc`t study. It is tfcrcmorc ojvious tfnt tfc go`ditio`s mor tfc aikrntory spcgics nrc mnst jcgoai`ku`mnvournjlc i` tfc study nrcn. Tfc ojvious rcnso`s mor tfis trc`d nppcnr to jc n fikf dckrcc om pollutio` tfroukf
Lynri Zivcr wfigf drni`s jotf doacstig n`d i`dustrinl cmmluc`ts (mroa tfc WITC nrcn) i`to tfc [cstcr` Jngewntcrs,
ns wcll ns go`ti`unlly i`grcnsi`k n`tfropokc`ig ngtivitics liec go`strugtio` om lnrkc wnrcfouscs, sfops, n`d
rcsidc`tinl nrcns i` tfc glosc vigi`ity om an`krovcs or cvc` jy c`grongfi`k upo` tfca5 n`d tfus tfc i`grcnsi`k
fuan` prcsc`gc i` tfc nrcn. Nll tfcsc mngtors nrc disrupti`k tfc `nturnl cgosystca, wfigf is i` n dirc `ccd om
protcgtio` ns tfis lusf krcc` morcst providcs tfc augf `ccdcd oxykc` to tfc pollutcd ntaospfcrc om Enrngfi.
http://kpt.gov.pk/pages/Default.aspx?id=144http://kpt.gov.pk/pages/Default.aspx?id=1448/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST
18/18
422 ZNFNT HNJCC@CT NL.,
I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422 :2>4
ZCMCZC@GCW
Nfacd, C. (:22=). [[Ms Wi`df An`krovc Go`scrvntio` Rrohcgt.@KOZG Hour`nl, Nukust :22=,pp. >>>:.
N`o`yaous (:223).An`krovcs om Rneistn`8 Wtntus n`d An`nkcac`t.ISG@Rneistn`.
Jlnttcr, C.G., AgGn``, n`d T.W. Wnj`is (>9:9). Tfc Mlorn om I`dus Dcltn. Tfc I`din` Jotn`ignl Wogicty. Tfc
Actfodist Rujlisfi`k Fousc, Andrns, I`din.
Durrn`i, H., W. N. Fns`ni` n`d C. Nfacd (:226). Ojscrvntio`s o` tfc jirds om Wn`dspit/Fnwecsjny gonstnl wctln`d
goaplcx, Enrngfi gonst.Rneistn` Hour`nl om Xooloky 42(4)8 ::9:7;.
Kfnlij, W.N. n`d W.N. Fns`ni` (>994). Tfc wntcrmowl om tfc Enrngfi gonst. Zcgords om Xoolokignl Wurvcy om
Rneistn`. >:8 79=:.
Fnsn`, N. (>994). Tfc jirds om Wi`df an`krovcs.Zcgords om Xoolokignl Wurvcy om Rneistn`,>:8 96>23.
Krckory, Z. D. n`d vn` N. Wtric` (:2>2). [ild jird i`digntors8 Ssi`k goapositc populntio` trc`ds om jirds ns
acnsurcs om c`viro`ac`tnl fcnltf. Or`itfolokignl Wgic`gc,9(>)8 7 ::.
Folkui`, K., R. Ko`znlcz-Xnaorn`o, L.C. dc-Jnsfn`, Z. Ac`dozn, C. Nandor n`d Y. Jnsfn` (:22=). An`krovc
fcnltf i` n` nrid c`viro`ac`t c`grongfcd jy urjn` dcvclopac`t n gnsc study. Wgic`gc om tfc Totnl
C`viro`ac`t, 7=78 :=2:;4.
Iarn`, A. (:2>7).I`vc`toryi`k om tfc Rln`t Jiodivcrsity om I`dus Dcltn witf Ctf`ojotn`ignl Wtudics. Rf. D. Tfcsis
i` Jotn`y, S`ivcrsity om Enrngfi.
Efn`ua, X. n`d A. Nfacd (>966). Zcsidc`t n`daikrntory jirds om tfc Enrngfi gonst. I`8 Anri`c Wgic`gc om tfc
Nrnjin` Wcn, pp. 4=;- 4;=. Rrogccdi`ks om n` I`tcr`ntio`nl Go`mcrc`gc (cds. A.M. Tfoapso` n`d @.A.
Tiraizi), Nacrign` I`stitutc om Jiolokignl Wgic`gcs, [nsfi`kto`, D.G. AgMnrln`c, K. Z. :22>. Rotc`tinljiolokignl i`digntors om fcnvy actnl strcss i` an`krovc cgosystcas.[ctln`ds(Nustrnlin) :2(>)8 :642.
Acstrc, L. N. A., Z. Erul n`d ]. W. Aorncs (:22;). An`krovc jird goaau`ity om Rnrn`nku Jny 1 Rnrn`, Jrnzil.
Jrnzilin` Nrgfivcs om Jioloky n`d Tcgf`oloky,32(>)8 ;367.
Aofd-Nzln`, H., Z. N. @osec n`d A. H. Lnwcs (:2>:). Nvin` spcgics-nsscajlnkc strugturc n`d i`digntor jird
spcgics om an`krovcs i` tfc Nustrnlin` ao`soo` tropigs.Cau,>>:(4)8 :6;:9;.
Rnwnr, R. Z. (:2>>). Wpcgics divcrsity om jirds i` an`krovcs om Srn` (Zniknd), @nvi Auajni, Anfnrnsftrn, [cst
gonst om I`din.Hour`nl om Cxpcriac`tnl Wgic`gcs,:(>2)8 ;7;;.
Znsfid, A. n`d W. F. Njjns (:2>>). Wprcnd om Rrosopis hulimlorn o` tfc gonstnl wildlimc sn`gtunry, Wn`dspit /
Fnwecsjny, Enrngfi.Rneistn` Hour`nl om [ccd Wgic`gc Zcscnrgf >;(:)8 >93:23.
Znu`eincr, G. (>974).Limc-Moras om Rln`ts n`d Wtntistignl Rln`t Kcokrnpfy.Glnrc`do` Rrcss, Oxmord.
[nrd, Z. A. (>999). Tfc sforcjirds om Kfnro grcce n`d I`dus dcltn, Rneistn`. [ndcr Wtudy Kroup Jullcti`,928 7>
74.
(Nggcptcd mor pujligntio` Npril :2>4)