SSWH18The student will demonstrate an understanding of the global political, economic, and social impact of WWII.

LONG-TERM CAUSES:

Treaty of Versailles- Germans saw as unfair Reparations

War-Guilt Clause

Military Restrictions

Loss of Territory

Loss of Colonies

Great Depression Aggression (Italy, Germany, Japan)

SHORT-TERM CAUSE:

• Aug. 1939: Non-Aggression Pact (Germany & Soviet Union)

• Blitzkrieg (lightening war) to subdue Poland

• Sept. 01, 1939: Began with the invasion of Poland by Hitler

• Sept. 03, 1939: Britain & France declared war on Germany

• World War II: 1939-1945

ALLIANCES:

ALLIES: GREAT BRITAIN

FRANCE

SOVIET UNION (switched)

UNITED STATES

CANADA

POLAND

CHINA

AXIS: GERMANY

ITALY

JAPAN

TWO LOCATIONS:

EUROPEAN THEATER: Fighting was primarily land-

based Large scale bombing raids More countries involved German soldiers tended to

surrender when defeat was apparent

PACIFIC THEATER: Fighting was primarily at sea Island hopping & island

invasions More up-close fighting Japanese land soldiers &

Kamikaze pilots would fight to the death

MAJOR BATTLES: PEARL HARBOR

December 07, 1941 surprise attack by the Japanese on US naval base in

Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (USA) US stood in the way of a Pacific empire in Asia ended US neutrality, brought US into war

MAJOR BATTLES:EL-ALAMEIN

1st Battle: July 1942

2nd Battle: October-November 1942

Located in Egypt

Allied Powers stopped the advancing Axis Powers, driving them back to Tunisia

Decisive battle that lead to German surrender in North Africa in May 1943

MAJOR BATTLES:STALINGRAD

Hitler breaks Non-Aggression Pact; invades Soviet Union (June 1941)

major turning point in war on Eastern front one of the costliest battles in WWII Germans unable to deal with winter in Russia Germans get trapped in city with no food or

ammunition Jan. 1943: German commander surrenders

MAJOR BATTLES:D-DAY

June 06, 1944

major turning point on Western Front; opened a second front in Europe

largest amphibious attack in history

Allies attack on the beaches of Normandy, France

Pages 946-947

MAJOR BATTLES:GUADALCANAL

August 07, 1942

Americans v. Japanese

Located on the Solomon Islands, near Australia

Took the Americans 6 months to cpature the island

Allied victory allowed Australia to be protected & a safe sea route between US & Australia

Part of island-hopping

MAJOR BATTLES:THE PHILIPPINES

June 19-20, 1944

America v. Japan

Naval battle for control of the Philippine Islands

Allied victory that helped to destroy Japanese planes

NAZI IDEOLOGY:

Racism, especially Anti-Semitism & Anti-Slavism

Belief in the superiority of the white, Aryan race (Social Darwinism)

Euthanasia & Eugenics

Inventing common enemies: Jews, gypsies, homosexuals, disabled

Belief in exterminating all inferior races

THE FINAL SOLUTION:

Jews were first sent to ghettos, then concentration camps (work camps)

Wannsee Conference: Jan. 20, 1942; decision of the genocide of all European Jews

Death camps were built & “undersirables” were sent there with efficient methods for killing men, women, & children

THE HOLOCAUST:

The Nazi massacre of over 6 million Jews & over 6 million other people

Prisoners heads were shaved, they were stripped, women & children were separated from men

Young, elderly, & sick were killed immediately

Gas chambers, shootings, & crematoriums used

Medical experiments common

The Holocaust is a reminder of the horrors of racism and intolerance

DR. JOSEPH MENGEL

First they came for the JewsAnd I did not speak out-

Because I was not a Jew.

Then they came for theCommunists and I did notSpeak out-because I was

Not a communist.

Then they came for the trade Unionists and I did not speak

Out-because I was not A trade unionist.

Then they came for me-And there was no one left to

Speak out for me.

-Pastor Niemoeller

EUROPEAN THEATER:

French, British, & Americans advanced through France (west)

Soviets advanced through Germany (east) heading towards Berlin

Hitler began to lose support April 1945 Soviet troops and American troops met at

the Elbe River & shook hands; war ends Germany surrenders May 07, 1945 V-E Day (May 08, 1945)

PACIFIC THEATER:

Manhattan Project: name given to the atomic bomb creation project

President Harry Truman decides to drop bombs to save American lives

US dropped 2 atomic bombs on Japan

1. Hiroshima (90,000-160,000 died)

2. Nagaski (60,000-80,000 died) August 15, 1945: Japan surrenders (V-J Day) Introduced a new type of war: nuclear

COST OF WAR:

Germany- 3 million combat deaths (3/4ths on the eastern front)

Japan – over 1.5 combat deaths; 900,000 civilians dead

Soviet Union - 13 million combat deaths

U.S. – 300,000 combat deaths, over 100,000 other deaths

THE BIG THREE:STALIN, CHURCHILL, & ROOSEVELT

TEHRAN: Location: Iran, 1943

Distrust among the Allies

Churchill & Roosevelt agreed to allow the borders under the Nazi-Soviet Pact stand (Poland)

Stalin asks for a two-front war to be opened up, Churchhill & Roosevelt say they don’t have resouces, Stalin angry

YALTA: Lcoation: Soviet Union (Feb. 1945)

Stalin wanted to control Eastern Europe, Churchill & Roosevelt wanted self-determination (choose own government)

Soviet Union would help fight Japan

Germany would be divided into 4 zones (US, France, GB, USSR)

Stalin agreed to hold free elections in Eastern Europe

POTSDAM CONFERENCE:

Location: Germany (July 16-Aug 02, 1945)

Harry Truman represented US Purpose was how to punish Nazi

Germany Other goals included post-war

order, peace treaty issues, & countering effects of the war

Demilitarization in Japan and Germany

Nuremburg Trials – 22 Nazi leaders charged with “Crimes against Humanity”

UNITED NATIONS:

April 1945: delegates from 50 nations met in San Francisco to create UN

5 permanent members: US, Soviet Union, Britain, France, & China

Prevents outbreak of diseases, helps education, protects refugees, & helps nations develop economically

POST-WAR POLICIES:

Causes of tension in Europe:

*German reparations

*governments in Eastern Europe

*conflicting ideologies(communism v. democracy)

*mutual distrust

Led to Cold War (US v. USSR)

Marshall Plan:

Aid package offered by US to send food & aid to Europe to help countries rebuild

Helped Europe recover rapidly (billions of dollars)

Truman also offered it to USSR & Eastern Europe, Stalin declined & forbade any country from accepting it

MACARTHUR'S PLAN FOR JAPAN:

Emperor lost all political power

Established a parliamentary democracy

Education system opened to all people

Legal equality for women

Rebuilt cities & economy

Began huge trading relationship with US