Spread Formula Reference - GrapeCityhelp.grapecity.com/spread/PDF/spformula.pdf · Reference 1 1....

Formula Reference

Spread.NETproductsprovideextensivecalculationabilitythroughformulas.Withover450built-infunctions,standardformulaoperators,andtheabilitytocreatecustomfunctions,youcandefineandperformcalculationsforarangeofdatawithinanyofseveralsheetsinaspreadsheetcomponent.

Thisreferenceprovidesanintroductiontotheuseofformulasaswellasacompletelistofbuilt-infunctions.Thisdocumentationincludes:

FormulaOverviewFormulaFunctions

Formoreinformationonusingformulasincellsandcreatingcustomfunctions,refertotheproductDevelopersGuide.

Foracompletelistofdocumentation,returntotheproductdocumentationpage.

Spread Formula Reference 1

1 Table of Contents

FormulaReference 1

1. TableofContents 2-19

ContactingUs 20

GettingTechnicalSupport 21

FormulaOverview 22

WhatisaFormula? 23

SampleFormula 24

CellReferencesinaFormula 25

A1(Letter-Number)Notation 26

R1C1(Number-Number)Notation 27

RelativeandAbsolute 28

ScopeofCellReferences 29

SheetReferencesinaFormula 30-31

OperatorsinaFormula 32

OrderofPrecedence 33

UsingOperatorswithDatesandTimes 34

FunctionsinaFormula 35

CategoriesofFunctions 36

DatabaseFunctions 37

DateandTimeFunctions 38

EngineeringFunctions 39

ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions 40

FinancialFunctions 41

DayCountBasis 42

InformationFunctions 43

LogicalFunctions 44

LookupFunctions 45

MathandTrigonometryFunctions 46

StatisticalFunctions 47-48

TextFunctions 49

WebFunctions 50

OptionalArguments 51

MissingArguments 52

VolatileFunctions 53

ArrayFormulas 54

ArraysinaFormula 55

DynamicArrayFormulas 56

DataTypesinaFormula 57

CustomFunctionsinFormulas 58

CustomNamesinFormulas 59

ResultantErrorValues 60

FormulaFunctions 61-64

FunctionsAtoC 65

ABS 66

ACCRINT 67

ACCRINTM 68

ACOS 69

ACOSH 70

ACOT 71

ACOTH 72

ADDRESS 73

AGGREGATE 74-75

AMORDEGRC 76-77

AMORLINC 78

AND 79

ARABIC 80

AREAS 81

ASC 82

ASIN 83

ASINH 84

ATAN 85

ATAN2 86

ATANH 87

AVEDEV 88

AVERAGE 89

AVERAGEA 90

AVERAGEIF 91

AVERAGEIFS 92

BAHTTEXT 93

BASE 94

BESSELI 95

BESSELJ 96

BESSELK 97

BESSELY 98

BETA.DIST 99

BETA.INV 100

BETADIST 101

BETAINV 102

BIN2DEC 103

BIN2HEX 104

BIN2OCT 105

BINOM.DIST 106-107

BINOM.DIST.RANGE 108

BINOM.INV 109

BINOMDIST 110-111

BITAND 112

BITLSHIFT 113

BITOR 114

BITRSHIFT 115

BITXOR 116

CALL 117

CEILING 118

CEILING.MATH 119

CEILING.PRECISE 120

CELL 121-122

CHAR 123

CHIDIST 124

CHIINV 125

CHISQ.DIST 126

CHISQ.DIST.RT 127

CHISQ.INV 128

CHISQ.INV.RT 129

CHISQ.TEST 130

CHITEST 131

CHOOSE 132

CLEAN 133

CODE 134

COLUMN 135

COLUMNS 136

COMBIN 137

COMBINA 138

COMPLEX 139

CONCAT 140

CONCATENATE 141

CONFIDENCE 142

CONFIDENCE.NORM 143

CONFIDENCE.T 144

CONVERT 145-147

CORREL 148

COS 149

COSH 150

COT 151

COTH 152

COUNT 153

COUNTA 154

COUNTBLANK 155

COUNTIF 156

COUNTIFS 157

COUPDAYBS 158

COUPDAYS 159

COUPDAYSNC 160

COUPNCD 161

COUPNUM 162

COUPPCD 163

COVAR 164

COVARIANCE.P 165

COVARIANCE.S 166

CRITBINOM 167

CSC 168

CSCH 169

FunctionsDtoG 170

DATE 171

DATEDIF 172

DATEVALUE 173

DAVERAGE 174

DAY 175

DAYS 176

DAYS360 177-178

DB 179-180

DBCS 181

DCOUNT 182

DCOUNTA 183

DDB 184

DEC2BIN 185

DEC2HEX 186

DEC2OCT 187

DECIMAL 188

DEGREES 189

DELTA 190

DEVSQ 191

DGET 192

DISC 193

DMAX 194

DMIN 195

DOLLAR 196

DOLLARDE 197

DOLLARFR 198

DPRODUCT 199

DSTDEV 200

DSTDEVP 201

DSUM 202

DURATION 203

DVAR 204

DVARP 205

EDATE 206

EFFECT 207

ENCODEURL 208

EOMONTH 209

ERF 210-211

ERF.PRECISE 212

ERFC 213

ERFC.PRECISE 214

ERROR.TYPE 215

ERRORTYPE 216

EUROCONVERT 217-218

EVEN 219

EXACT 220

EXP 221

EXPON.DIST 222-223

EXPONDIST 224-225

F.DIST 226

F.DIST.RT 227

F.INV 228

F.INV.RT 229

F.TEST 230

FACT 231

FACTDOUBLE 232

FALSE 233

FDIST 234

FILTER 235-236

FILTERXML 237

FIND 238

FINDB 239

FINV 240

FISHER 241

FISHERINV 242

FIXED 243

FLOOR 244

FLOOR.MATH 245

FLOOR.PRECISE 246

FORECAST 247

FORECAST.LINEAR 248

FORMULATEXT 249

FREQUENCY 250

FTEST 251

FV 252

FVSCHEDULE 253

GAMMA 254

GAMMA.DIST 255

GAMMA.INV 256

GAMMADIST 257

GAMMAINV 258

GAMMALN 259

GAMMALN.PRECISE 260

GAUSS 261

GCD 262

GEOMEAN 263

GESTEP 264

GROWTH 265

FunctionsHtoL 266

HARMEAN 267

HEX2BIN 268

HEX2DEC 269

HEX2OCT 270

HLOOKUP 271

HOUR 272

HYPERLINK 273

HYPGEOM.DIST 274

HYPGEOMDIST 275

IF 276

IFERROR 277

IFNA 278

IFS 279

IMABS 280

IMAGINARY 281

IMARGUMENT 282

IMCONJUGATE 283

IMCOS 284

IMCOSH 285

IMCOT 286

IMCSC 287

IMCSCH 288

IMDIV 289

IMEXP 290

IMLN 291

IMLOG10 292

IMLOG2 293

IMPOWER 294

IMPRODUCT 295

IMREAL 296

IMSEC 297

IMSECH 298

IMSIN 299

IMSINH 300

IMSQRT 301

IMSUB 302

IMSUM 303

IMTAN 304

INDEX 305

INDIRECT 306

INFO 307

INT 308

INTERCEPT 309

INTRATE 310

IPMT 311

IRR 312-313

ISBLANK 314

ISERR 315

ISERROR 316

ISEVEN 317

ISFORMULA 318

ISLOGICAL 319

ISNA 320

ISNONTEXT 321

ISNUMBER 322

ISO.CEILING 323

ISODD 324

ISOWEEKNUM 325

ISPMT 326

ISREF 327

ISTEXT 328

JIS 329

KURT 330

LARGE 331

LCM 332

LEFT 333

LEFTB 334

LEN 335

LENB 336

LINEST 337

LN 338

LOG 339

LOG10 340

LOGEST 341

LOGINV 342

LOGNORM.DIST 343

LOGNORM.INV 344

LOGNORMDIST 345

LOOKUP 346-347

LOWER 348

FunctionsMtoQ 349

MATCH 350

MAX 351

MAXA 352

MAXIFS 353

MDETERM 354

MDURATION 355

MEDIAN 356

MID 357

MIDB 358

MIN 359

MINA 360

MINIFS 361

MINUTE 362

MINVERSE 363

MIRR 364

MMULT 365

MOD 366

MODE 367

MODE.MULT 368

MODE.SNGL 369

MONTH 370

MROUND 371

MULTINOMIAL 372

MUNIT 373

NA 375

NEGBINOM.DIST 376

NEGBINOMDIST 377

NETWORKDAYS 378

NETWORKDAYS.INTL 379-380

NOMINAL 381

NORM.DIST 382

NORM.INV 383

NORM.S.DIST 384

NORM.S.INV 385

NORMDIST 386

NORMINV 387

NORMSDIST 388

NORMSINV 389

NOT 390

NOW 391

NPER 392

NPV 393-394

NUMBERVALUE 395

OCT2BIN 396

OCT2DEC 397

OCT2HEX 398

ODD 399

ODDFPRICE 400

ODDFYIELD 401

ODDLPRICE 402

ODDLYIELD 403

OFFSET 404

OR 405

PDURATION 406

PEARSON 407

PERCENTILE 408

PERCENTILE.EXC 409

PERCENTILE.INC 410

PERCENTRANK 411

PERCENTRANK.EXC 412

PERCENTRANK.INC 413

PERMUT 414

PERMUTATIONA 415

PHI 416

PHONETIC 417

PI 418

PMT 419

POISSON 420-421

POISSON.DIST 422-423

POWER 424

PPMT 425

PRICE 426

PRICEDISC 427

PRICEMAT 428

PROB 429

PRODUCT 430

PROPER 431

PV 432

QUARTILE 433

QUARTILE.EXC 434

QUARTILE.INC 435

QUOTIENT 436

FunctionsRtoS 437

RADIANS 438

RAND 439

RANDARRAY 440-441

RANDBETWEEN 442

RANK 443

RANK.AVG 444

RANK.EQ 445

RATE 446

RECEIVED 447

REPLACE 448

REPLACEB 449

REPT 450

RIGHT 451

RIGHTB 452

ROMAN 453

ROUND 454

ROUNDDOWN 455

ROUNDUP 456

ROW 457

ROWS 458

RRI 459

RSQ 460

RTD 461

SEARCH 462

SEARCHB 463

SEC 464

SECH 465

SECOND 466

SERIESSUM 467

SEQUENCE 468

SHEET 469

SHEETS 470

SIGN 471

SIN 472

SINH 473

SINGLE 474

SKEW 475

SKEW.P 476

SLN 477

SLOPE 478

SMALL 479

SORT 480-482

SORTBY 483-484

SQRT 485

SQRTPI 486

STANDARDIZE 487

STDEV 488

STDEV.P 489

STDEV.S 490

STDEVA 491

STDEVP 492

STDEVPA 493

STEYX 494

SUBSTITUTE 495

SUBTOTAL 496-497

SUM 498-499

SUMIF 500

SUMIFS 501

SUMPRODUCT 502

SUMSQ 503

SUMX2MY2 504

SUMX2PY2 505

SUMXMY2 506

SWITCH 507

SYD 508

FunctionsTtoZ 509

T.DIST 511

T.DIST.2T 512

T.DIST.RT 513

T.INV 514

T.INV.2T 515

T.TEST 516

TAN 517

TANH 518

TBILLEQ 519

TBILLPRICE 520

TBILLYIELD 521

TDIST 522

TEXT 523

TEXTJOIN 524

TIME 525

TIMEVALUE 526

TINV 527

TODAY 528

TRANSPOSE 529

TREND 530

TRIM 531

TRIMMEAN 532

TRUE 533

TRUNC 534

TTEST 535

TYPE 536

UNICHAR 537

UNICODE 538

UNIQUE 539-540

UPPER 541

USDOLLAR 542

VALUE 543

VAR 544-545

VAR.P 546

VAR.S 547

VARA 548-549

VARP 550

VARPA 551-552

VDB 553

VLOOKUP 554

WEBSERVICE 555

WEEKDAY 556

WEEKNUM 557

WEIBULL 558

WEIBULL.DIST 559

WORKDAY 560

WORKDAY.INTL 561-562

XIRR 563

XNPV 564

XOR 565

YEAR 566

YEARFRAC 567

YIELD 568

YIELDDISC 569

YIELDMAT 570

Z.TEST 571

ZTEST 572

2. Index 573-585

Contacting Us

Ifyouwouldliketofindoutmoreaboutourproducts,contactourSalesdepartmentusingoneofthefollowingmethods:

Website: https://www.grapecity.com/

E-mail: us.sales@grapecity.com

Phone: (800)858-2739or(412)681-4343outsidetheU.S.A.

Fax: (412)681-4384

Getting Technical Support

Ifyouhaveatechnicalquestionaboutthisproduct,consultthefollowingsources:

Helpandotherdocumentationfilesinstalledwiththeproduct.Productforumathttps://www.grapecity.com/forums/#spreadVideosandotherinformationavailableontheWebsite.

Ifyoucannotfindtheanswerusingthesesources,pleasecontactTechnicalSupportusingoneofthesemethods:

Website: https://www.grapecity.com/forums

E-mail: spread.support@grapecity.com

Phone: (412)681-4738

Fax: (412)681-4384

TechnicalSupportisavailablebetweenthehoursof9:00a.m.and5:00p.m.Easterntime,MondaythroughFriday.

Formula Overview

FormulasinSpread.NETincludeoperatorsandfunctionsthatfollowcertainsyntaxrulesandallowyoutoperformarangeofcalculations.Thesetopicsintroducetheconceptsyouneedtomakefulluseofthebuilt-infunctionsandextensivecapabilityofformulas:

WhatisaFormula?CellReferencesinaFormulaSheetReferencesinaFormulaOperatorsinaFormulaFunctionsinaFormulaArrayFormulasArraysinaFormulaDynamicArrayFormulasDataTypesUsingFormulasCustomFunctionsinFormulasCustomNamesinFormulasResultantErrorValues

Foracompletereferenceofallthebuilt-infunctions,refertoFormulaFunctions.

ReturntotheFormulaReference.

What is a Formula?

Formulascanconsistofvalues,operators,andfunctions.Datacanbefromothercells,acombinationofdatainanothercellandhard-codeddata(forexample,A1+2),orsimplyhard-codeddata(forexample,SUM(4,5)).Formulascanperformmathematicaloperations,suchasadditionandmultiplication,onvaluesinothercellsortheycancomparevaluesinothercells.Formulascanrefertocellsinthesamesheetbytheirabsolutecelllocationorrelativetothecellwiththeformulainit;theycanrefertoindividualcellsorarangeofcontiguouscells.Ifthevaluesinthereferencedcellschange,thenthevalueoftheformulacellchanges.

Formulascanbemadeupof:

cellreferencesandcellranges(notationindicatingaddressofcellorcells)operators(thatactononeortwovalues)built-infunctions(predefinedformulas)oruser-definedfunctionsuser-definednames(forfunctions,constants,orcellreferences)constantsorarrayofconstants(valuesyouenterthatdonotchange)

SeetheSampleFormula.

ReturntotheFormulaOverview.

Sample Formula

UsetheSetFormulamethodintheColumn,Row,orCellclassforspecifyingtheformulaforacolumn,row,orindividualcellrespectively.UsetheSetArrayFormulamethodforanarrayformula.ReturningthevalueoftheFormulapropertyfortheseclassesprovidesastringcontainingthewrittenexpressionoftheformula,forexample,SUM(A1:B1).

IncodethesettingofaformulawouldlooksomethinglikethisinVisualBasic.NET(forillustrationpurposesonly):

FpSpread1.ActiveSheet.Cells(2,0).Formula="SUM(A1:A10)"

orsomethinglikethisinC#:

fpSpread1.ActiveSheet.Cells[2,0].Formula="SUM(A1:A10)";

andifaddedinthecellbytheenduser:

=SUM(A1:A10)

Inthisdocumentation,whereexamplesareshown,theformulaappearsas:

SUM(A1:A10)

SUM(3,4,5)givestheresult12

toexpressthattheresultoftheformulawoulddisplaythevalueof12inthecell.

Keepthesewaysofexpressingaformulainmindwhenlookingattheexamplesinthisdocumentation.RefertothespecificproductAssemblyReferenceformoredetailsontheFormulapropertyforthatproductandtheexactcodesyntaxtouse.RefertotheDevelopersGuideforthatproducttofindmoreexamplesanddiscussionofformulas.

ReturntotheWhatisaFormula?

Cell References in a Formula

Aformulacanrefertoconstantvaluesorcellreferences.Ifavalueinanyofthereferencedcellschanges,theresultoftheformulachanges.Ifyouuseconstantvaluesintheformulainsteadofreferencestothecells,theresultchangesonlyifyoumodifytheformula(orvaluesintheformula).

Ifanewrowisaddedrightbeforeorafteracellrangeinaformulathentherangedoesnotincludethenewrow.

Thistopicincludes:

A1(Letter-Number)NotationR1C1(Number-Number)NotationRelativeandAbsolute

Formoreinformationonsettingthereferencestyleforacell,refertotheReferenceStyleenumerationintheproduct’sAssemblyReference(orhelp)andtheReferenceStylepropertyforthespecificsheet(SheetViewobject).

Note:RememberthatalthoughmostofSpreaduseszero-basedreferencestorowsandcolumns,inthecreationofformulasyoumustuseone-basedreferences.Thecolumnandrownumbersstartatone(1),notzero(0).

Formoreinformationoncellreferencesthatincludesheetnames,refertoSheetReferencesinaFormula.

A1 (Letter-Number) Notation

Eachcellcanbereferencedbyacombinationofitscolumnletter(AthroughZ,thenAAtoZZ,AAAtoZZZ,etc.)andrownumber(1andbeyond)foratotalof2,147,483,648rowsandcolumns.Forexample,D50referstothecellattheintersectionofcolumnDandrow50.Torefertoarangeofcells,enterthereferenceforthecellintheupper-leftcorneroftherange,acolon(:),andthenthereferencetothecellinthelower-rightcorneroftherange.

Seealsothesetopics:

R1C1(Number-Number)NotationRelativeandAbsolute

ReturntoCellReferencesinaFormula

R1C1 (Number-Number) Notation

Eachcellcanbereferencedbyitsrowandcolumnnumberbyprecedingeachbytheletter"R"forrowandtheletter"C"forcolumn.ForexampleR1C3isthecellinthefirstrowandthirdcolumn.

A1CellRef.

R1C1CellRef.

Description

B12 R12C2 Cellinthesecondcolumn(columnB)andtwelfthrow(row12)

D14:D48 R14C4:R48C4 Therangeofcellsinthefourthcolumn(columnD)andinrows14through48

E16:H16 R16C5:R16C8 Therangeofcellsinthesixteenthrow(row16)inthefifththroughtheeighthcolumn(columnsEthroughH)

A25:E70 R25C1:R70C5 Therangeofcellsinthefirstfivecolumns(columnAthroughE)androws25through70

Seealsothesetopics:

A1(Letter-Number)NotationRelativeandAbsolute

Relative and Absolute

Arelativecellreferenceisareferencetoacellrelativetothepositionofthecellwiththeformula.Anabsolutereferenceisacellreferencethatalwaysreferstoacellbyitsexactlocationinthesheetandnotwithreferencetothepresentcell.

Relativereferencesautomaticallyadjustwhenyoucopythemandabsolutereferencesdonot.TheFpSpreadcontrolcanuseabsoluteorrelativecellreferences.YoucandefinethecellreferencestyleforeachsheetbyusingtheReferenceStyleproperty.Theformulaalsosupportsrangereferencesthatcontainbothabsoluteandrelativeroworcolumnreferences.Inotherwords,thestartandendrowsinarangereferencecanbesame(bothabsoluteorbothrelative)ordifferent(oneabsoluteandonerelativeorviceaversa).Thefollowingtablecontainsexamplesofvalidrelativecellreferencesinformulas:

Function DescriptionSUM(A1:A10) Sumsrows1through10inthefirstcolumn

PI()*C6 MultipliespitimesthevalueincellC6

(A1+B1)*C1 Addsthevaluesinthefirsttwocellsandmultipliestheresultbythevalueinthethirdcell

IF(A1>5,A1*2,A1*3)

ChecksifthecontentsofcellA1aregreaterthan5,andifso,multipliesthecontentsofcellA1by2,orelsemultipliesthecontentsofcellA1by3

ForA1(Letter-Number)Notation,useadollarsign($)precedingtheroworcolumn(orboth)toindicateanabsolutereference.Forexample

$A$1 absolutefirstcolumn,absolutefirstrow

$A1 absolutefirstcolumn,relativerowplusone

A$1 relativecolumnplusone,absolutefirstrow

A1 relativecolumnplusone,relativerowplusone

ForR1C1(Number-Number)Notation,usebrackets[]aroundtheroworcolumnnumber(orboth)toindicatearelativereference.Forexample

R1C1 absolutefirstrow,absolutefirstcolumn

R1C[1] absolutefirstrow,relativecolumnplusone

R[1]C1 relativerowplusone,absolutefirstcolumn

R[1]C[1] relativerowplusone,relativecolumnplusone

R[-1]C[-1] relativerowminusone,relativecolumnminusone

Inthisnotation,thenumberinsidethebracketsisanoffsetfromthecurrentcell.Thisnumbermaybeanegativeorpositiveintegerorzero.Leavingofftheoffsetentirelyisshorthandwayofindicatingazerooffset.So,

RC2isequivalenttoR[0]C2

R[3]CisequivalenttoR[3]C[0]

Seealsothesetopics:

A1(Letter-Number)NotationR1C1(Number-Number)Notation

Scope of Cell References

Referencestocellswithinasheetarehandledasdescribedinthisdocumentation.Whenacellisreferencedthatisbeyondthedimensionsofthesheet,thecellisstillevaluated,buttheresultisa#REF!errorvalue.Forexample,ifthesheethaslessthan20columnsandrows,thenthefunctionDDB(B20,1000,10,1)evaluatestoDDB(#REF!,1000,10,1),whichevaluatesto#REF!

Spread.NETdoesnotsupportExcel'sreferenceoperators(forexamplerange,intersection,union)informulas.However,Spread.NETdoessupportthe#NULL!constantinformulas.Itdoessupportreadingthe#NULL!valuefromExcelfiles.FormoreinformationaboutwhatissupportedonimportingfromandexportingtoExcel,refertotheImportandExportReferencefortheparticularSpreadproductyouareusing.

Sheet References in a Formula

Aformulacanhavereferencestocellsonthesamesheetortocellsonothersheets,aswellasrangesofcellsonsheets.

Intheexamplesshownbelow,weuseA1(Letter-Number)notationforthecellreference,butthesamewouldbevalidforR1C1(Number-Number)notation.Simplyprecedethecellreference,regardlessofthestyle,withthesheetnameasdescribedhere.

Formoreinformationoncellreferencesthatdonotincludesheetnames,refertoCellReferencesinaFormula.

Cross-SheetReferencing

Whenareferencetoacellincludesareferencetoacellonanothersheet,thisiscalledcross-sheetreferencing.

Anexampleofcross-sheetreferencinginaformulathatusestheadditionoperatorwouldbe:

(FirstRoundData!A2+SecondRoundData!A2)

wherethenameofonesheetis"FirstRoundData"andthenameofanothersheetis"SecondRoundData".Sheetnamesprecedethecellreferencewiththenameofthesheetfollowedbyanexclamationpoint(!).ThisformulacouldbeonanysheetintheSpreadsinceitexplicitlynamesthesheetsofeachofthecellsasoperands.ThisexampleaddsthevaluesinthecellA2ontwodifferentsheets.BymakingthesheetnameexplicitthereisnoconfusionastowhichcellA2ismeant.Ifyoudonotincludethesheetname,thecurrentsheet(inwhichtheformulaexists)isused.IftheformulaintheaboveexamplewasontheSecondRoundDatapage,thentheformulacouldbewrittenas:

(FirstRoundData!A2+A2)

Itmightbelessconfusingtoputthecellonthecurrentpagefirst,asin:

(A2+FirstRoundData!A2)

3-DReferencing

Whenareferencetoacellincludesthesamecelloracellrangeonmultiplesheets,thisiscalledthree-dimensionalreferencing.

Anexampleof3-DreferencinginaSUMformulathatusesthecellrangeonmultiplesheetsisdescribedbelow.

SUM(Sheet1:Sheet10!A1:A2)

wherethenameofonesheetis"Sheet1"andthenameofanothersheetis"Sheet10".ThisformulausesSUMfunctiontocreatea3-DreferencethatexecutesthesumoperationacrossmultiplesheetsviaaddingupthevaluesincellrangeA1:A2inallthesheetsthatliebetweeenSheet1toSheet10.

3-DReferencingcanbeextensivelyusedtoquicklycalculatedataacrossmultiplespreadsheetsthatpossessidenticalpatternandidenticaldatatype.

SheetNaming

Aslongasthesheetnameconformstonormalvariablenamerules(withthefirstcharacterbeingaletteroranunderscoreandtheremainingcharactersbeingletters,digits,orunderscores)thentheformulacanusejustthesheetnamefollowedbytheexclamationpoint.Otherwise,thesheetnameneedstobeenclosedinsinglequotes.Ifthesheetnameitselfcontainsasinglequote,thenusetwosinglequotesintheformula.Forexample,ifthenameofthesheetincludesasinglequote(orapostrophe)asinthesenamesforsalesofagivenmonth,thenareferencetothesheetwouldlooklikethisinaformula:

('November''sSales'!A2+'December''sSales'!A2)

withtwosinglequotes(orapostrophes)beforethes.Ifthesheetnamehasaspace,usesinglequotesaroundthesheetname.InthefollowingexamplethesheetnameisEastCoastSales.

('EastCoastSales'!A2+'WestCoastSales'!A1)

Ifyouhaveaquoteinthenameofthesheet,youneedtoaddthedelimiterthatisrequiredforthatlanguage.Forinstance,inC#,ifthesheetnameis"Zippy"Sales,wherethequotesarepartofthesheetname,aformulathatincludesareferencetothissheetmightlooklikethis:

('/"Zippy/"Sales'!A2+'WestCoastSales'!A1)

whereasinglequotessurroundstheentiresheetnameandthebackslash(/)delimiterprecedesthequotes.ForVisualBasic,youwouldusetwodoublequotecharactersasin:

('""Zippy""Sales'!A2+'WestCoastSales'!A1)

UsingRangesinSheetReferences

Forcross-sheetreferencingofarangeofcellsinanotherpage,precedetherangewiththesheetname.Forexample:

SUM(SecondRoundData!A2:A10)

ThisaddsthevaluesincellsA2toA10ofthesheetnamedSecondRoundData.Thereisnoreasontoincludethesheetnameinthesecondhalfoftherangereferencesincethecellsareonthesamesheet.Youcannotspecifytwodifferentsheetsinarange;arangeofcellsisonlyonaparticularsheet,notbetweensheets.

Operators in a Formula

Thefollowingtableliststheavailableoperators.Foreachoperator,anexampleisgivenofthesyntaxofusingaliteralvalueaswellasacellreference.Thetypeofvaluereturnedisgivenforeachtypeofoperator.

TypeofOperator ExampleSyntax ResultOperator Description Literal&Literal CellRef&Literal TypeReturned

BinaryOperators

+ Add 5+3 A1+3 double

– Subtract 5–3 A1–3 double

* Multiply 5*3 A1*3 double

/ Divide 5/3 A1/3 double

^ Exponent 5^3 A1^3 double

& Concatenate "F"&"p" A1&"p" string

= Equal A1<>3 boolean

<> NotEqual A1=3 boolean

< LessThan A1<3 boolean

> GreaterThan A1>3 boolean

<= LessThanOrEqual A1<=3 boolean

>= GreaterThanOrEqual A1>=3 boolean

UnaryOperators

- Negate -(5/3) -(A1/3) double

+ Plus +(5/3) +(A1/3) double

% Percent (5/3)% (A1/3)% double

Operatorsspecifythetypeofcalculationthatyouwanttoperformontheelementsofaformula.Mostoftheoperatorsreturndouble-precisionfloatingpointvaluesformathematicaloperationsandboolean(orlogical)valuesforcomparisonoperators.

InSpread,allarithmeticoperators(includingtheunary+)checktheirargumentsandreturna#VALUEerrorifanyoftheargumentsarestringsthatcannotbeconvertedtoanumber.Thisismathematicallycorrectbehaviorandcannotbeoverridden.Forexample,thethreeformulas+B5and0+B5and--B5shouldallproducethesameresultand,inSpread,theydo.

Becausemorethanoneoperatormaybeusedinaformula,sobesureyouunderstandtheOrderofPrecedence.

Themathematicaloperatorsandunaryoperatorsmayalsobeusedwithdate-timeandtime-spanvalues,assummarizedinUsingOperatorswithDatesandTimes.

Order of Precedence

Whenthereareseveraloperatorsinaformula,theformulaperformstheoperationsinaspecificorder.Theformulaisparsedfromlefttoright,accordingtoaspecificorderforeachoperatororfunctionintheformula.Youcanprioritizetheorderofoperationsbyusingparenthesesintheformula.

Ifyoucombineseveraloperatorsinasingleformula,theoperationsareperformedintheordershowninthefollowingtable.Unaryoperationsprecedebinaryoperations.Ifaformulacontainsoperatorswiththesameprecedence,theoperatorsareevaluatedfromlefttoright.Tochangetheorderofevaluation,enclosethepartoftheformulatobecalculatedfirstinparentheses;thishasthehighestprecedence.Wheretheorderofprecedenceisthesamefortwooperators,theformulaisevaluatedfromlefttoright.

OrderofPrecedencefromHighesttoLowest

Operator Descriptionlefttoright Direction

() Parentheses(forgrouping)

– Negate

+ Plus

% Percent

^ Exponent

*and/ MultiplyandDivide

+and- AddandSubtract

& Concatenate

=,<,>,<=,>=,<> Compare

ReturntoOperatorsinaFormula.

Using Operators with Dates and Times

Youcanuseseveraloftheoperatorswithdatesandtimesassummarizedhere:

Operator TypeofOperation Result

Plus +TimeSpan TimeSpan

Negate -TimeSpan TimeSpan

Add DateTime+TimeSpan DateTime

Add TimeSpan+DateTime DateTime

Add TimeSpan+TimeSpan TimeSpan

Subtract DateTime-DateTime TimeSpan

Subtract DateTime-TimeSpan DateTime

Subtract TimeSpan-TimeSpan DateTime

Thesameorderofprecedenceapplies,includinguseofparentheses,asdescribedinOrderofPrecedence.FormoreinformationaboutfunctionsthatuseandreturnDateTimeandTimeSpanobjects,refertoDateandTimeFunctions.

IfaDateTimeorTimeSpancalculationresultsinanexception(forexample,anOverflowException),theoperatorreturnsthe#NUM!error.

ReturntoOperatorsinaFormula.

Functions in a Formula

Functionsarecodesegmentsthatperformcalculationsbyusingspecificvalues,calledarguments,inaparticularorderthatcanbeusedinformulas.Forexample,theSUMfunctionaddsvaluesorrangesofcellsandthePMTfunctioncalculatestheloanpaymentsbasedonaninterestrate,thelengthoftheloan,andtheprincipalamountoftheloan.Functionsmaybeeitherbuilt-infunctionsthatcomewithSpreadoruser‑definedfunctionsthatyoucreate.

Argumentscanbenumbers,text,logicalvalues,arrays,cellranges,cellreferences,orerrorvalues.Thevalueyouuseforanargumentmustbevalidforthegivenfunction.Argumentscanalsobeconstants,formulas,orotherfunctions.Usingafunctionasanargumentforanotherfunctionisknownasnestingafunction.Someargumentsareoptional;thisreferencedisplays"[Optional]"beforethedescriptionoftheargumentforthoseargumentsthatarenotrequired.ThesearedescribedinOptionalArguments.

Thestructureofafunctionbeginswiththefunctionname,followedbyanopeningparenthesis,theargumentsforthefunctionseparatedbycommas,andaclosingparenthesis.Ifyouareenteringthefunctionintoacelldirectly,typeanequalsign(=)beforethefunctionname.Thefollowingtopicsdescribetheformulafunctionsavailable.Eachincludesanexample.Examplesthatprovideresultsgivedecimalvaluesfor10decimalplaces.

Othertopicsthatarerelevantinclude:

CategoriesofFunctionsOptionalArgumentsMissingArgumentsVolatileFunctions

Categories of Functions

Thesefunctionsarecategorizedintooneofthesefunctiontypes:

DatabaseFunctionsDateandTimeFunctionsEngineeringFunctionsFinancialFunctionsInformationFunctionsLogicalFunctionsLookupFunctionsMathandTrigonometryFunctionsStatisticalFunctionsTextFunctionsVolatileFunctionsWebFunctions

Foracompletelistoffunctions,listedalphabeticallybyname,refertoFormulaFunctions.

ReturntoFunctionsinaFormula.

Database Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetodatabaseandlistmanagementare:

DAVERAGE DCOUNT DCOUNTA DGET

DMAX DMIN DPRODUCT DSTDEV

DSTDEVP DSUM DVAR DVARP

Thesefunctionsapplyamathematicalorstatisticaloperationtoasubsetofvaluesinarangeofcellstreatedasadatabase.Thedatabasetablecanbethoughtofasatwo-dimensionalarrayorganizedintorowsandcolumns.Oritcanbethoughtofasaone-dimensionalarrayofrecordswhereeachrecordisastructurethathasoneormorefields.Inthecontextofdatabasetables,theterms"row"and"record"meanthesamethingandtheterms"column"and"field"meanthesamething.Databasereferstoarangeofcellswherethefirstrowintherangerepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsintherangerepresentrecords.Thecolumnsintherangerepresentfields.

ReturntothelistofCategoriesofFunctions.

Date and Time Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetodate-timevaluesandtime-spanvaluesare:

DATE DATEDIF DATEVALUE DAY

DAYS DAYS360 EDATE EOMONTH

HOUR ISO.CEILING MINUTE MONTH

NETWORKDAYS NETWORKDAYS.INTL NOW SECOND

TIME TIMEVALUE TODAY WEEKDAY

WEEKNUM WORKDAY WORKDAY.INTL YEAR

YEARFRAC

FormostofthesefunctionsyoucanspecifythedateargumentasaDateTimeobject,asintheresultofafunctionsuchasDATE(2003,7,4),oraTimeSpanobject,asintheresultofafunctionsuchasTIME(12,0,0).ForcompatibilitywithExcel,italsoallowsdatestobespecifiedasanumber(asin37806.5)orasastring(asin"7/4/200312:00").ThenumbersandstringsareconvertedtoinstancesoftheDateTimeclass.

Datesasnumericvaluesareintheformx.y,wherexisthe"numberofdayssinceDecember30,1899"andyisthefractionofday.Numberstotheleftrepresentthedate.Timesasnumericvaluesaredecimalfractionsrangingfrom0to0.99999999,representingthetimesfrom0:00:00(12:00:00A.M.)to23:59:59(11:59:59P.M.).

Thefollowingthreeformulasproducethesameresult:

YEAR(DATE(2004,8,9))

YEAR(38208)

YEAR("8/9/2004")

InExcel,datescanrangefrom01/01/1900to12/31/9999,andinthe.NETframework,instancesoftheDateTimeclasscanrangefrom01/01/0001to12/31/9999.InSpread,wegenerallysupportthelargerrangefoundinthe.NETframework.ForExcelcompatibilitythereareafewcaseswherethefunctionallowsonlythesmallerrange(forexample,theDATEfunctioncanonlybeusedtoenterdatessince01/01/1900).

YoumayseesomedifferencesinvaluesifexportingtoorimportingfromExcel.BothExcelandOLEautomationusedoublestorepresentdatesandtimes,withtheintegerportionofthedoublerepresentingthenumberofdaysfromabasedate.InExcel,thebasedatethatisusedis01/01/1900andtheyear1900istreatedasaleapyear.InOLEautomation,Microsoftcorrectedthisbyusingthebasedateof12/31/1899.AsOLEautomationdoes,ourspreadsheetstreat1900asanon-leapyearandthususethebasedateof12/31/1899.

Engineering Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetoengineeringcalculationsare:

BESSELI BESSELJ BESSELK BESSELY

BIN2DEC BIN2HEX BIN2OCT BITAND

BITLSHIFT BITOR BITRSHIFT BITXOR

COMPLEX CONVERT DEC2BIN DEC2HEX

DEC2OCT DELTA ERF ERFC

ERFC.PRECISE ERF.PRECISE GESTEP HEX2BIN

HEX2DEC HEX2OCT IMABS IMAGINARY

IMARGUMENT IMCONJUGATE IMCOS IMCOSH

IMCOT IMCSC IMCSCH IMDIV

IMEXP IMLN IMLOG10 IMLOG2

IMPOWER IMPRODUCT IMREAL IMSEC

IMSECH IMSIN IMSINH IMSQRT

IMSUB IMSUM IMTAN OCT2BIN

OCT2DEC OCT2HEX

Formoreinformationontheengineeringfunctionsthatinvolvecomplexnumbers,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.

Complex Numbers in Engineering Functions

Manyoftheengineeringfunctionsinvolvecomplexnumbers.Acomplexnumberconsistsoftwoparts,arealpartandanimaginarypart.Youcanthinkofacomplexnumberasbeingapoint(x,y)inaplane.Youcanthinkofarealnumberasbeingapoint(x,0)onthex-axisoftheplane.Notethatrealnumbersareasubsetofcomplexnumberswithzeroforthecoefficientoftheimaginarypart.

Thereisnotacomplexnumberdatatype.Instead,complexnumbersarerepresentedusingstringsoftheform"x+yi"wherexandyarerealnumbersandxistherealpartandyiistheimaginarypart.Forexample:

"2+3i"

"1.23E4+5.67E8i"

Notethatifeithertherealpartortheimaginarypartiszerothenthezeropartcanbeoptionallyomittedfromthetextrepresentation.Forexample:

"3"isequivalentto"3+0i"

"4i"isequivalentto"0+4i"

Sincerealnumbersareasubsetofcomplexnumbers,arealnumbercanbeusedinplaceofastringoftheform"x+yi".Forexample:

3isequivalentto"3+0i"

Thefunctionsthatreturnacomplexnumberreturnastringoftheform"x+yi".Forexample:

COMPLEX(3,5)returns"3+5i"

Thefunctionsthatacceptacomplexnumbercanaccepteitheranumberorastringoftheform"x+yi".Forexample:

IMSUM("1+2i","3+4i")returns"4+6i"

IMSUM(1,3)returns"4"

WhenastringcannotbeconvertedtoanumberSpreadreturnsa#VALUEerror.Forexample:

COS("abc")returns#VALUE!

IMCOS("abc")returns#VALUE!

Spreadallowseithersuffix"j"orthesuffix"i"todenotetheimaginarypart.Forexample:

"3+4j"isequivalentto"3+4i"

Spreadallowsmixedsuffixesintheagivenformulaandalwaysreturnsthe"i"suffix.Forexample:

IMSUM("1+2i","3+4i")returns"4+6i"

IMSUM("1+2j","3+4j")returns"4+6i"

IMSUM("1+2i","3+4j")returns"4+6i"

Spreaddoesnotallowspacesbeforetherealpartorbeforetheimaginarypart.Forexample:

IMABS("3+4i")returns5

IMABS("3+4i")returns#VALUE!

ReturntoEngineeringFunctions.

Financial Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetofinancialcalculationssuchasinterestcalculationsare:

ACCRINT ACCRINTM AMORDEGRC AMORLINC

COUPDAYS COUPDAYBS COUPDAYSNC COUPNCD

COUPNUM COUPPCD CUMIPMT(on-linedocumentation)

CUMPRINC(on-linedocumentation)

DB DDB DISC DOLLAR

DOLLARDE DOLLARFR DURATION EFFECT

EUROCONVERT FV FVSCHEDULE INTRATE

IPMT IRR ISPMT MDURATION

MIRR NOMINAL NPER NPV

ODDFPRICE ODDFYIELD ODDLPRICE ODDLYIELD

PDURATION PMT PPMT PRICE

PRICEDISC PRICEMAT PV RATE

RECEIVED RRI SLN SYD

TBILLEQ TBILLPRICE TBILLYIELD VDB

XIRR XNPV YIELD YIELDDISC

YIELDMAT

Forthefinancialfunctionsthatuseit,refertoDayCountBasis.

Fortheargumentsofsomeofthesefunctionsandfortheresultsofsomeofthesefunctions,moneypaidoutisrepresentedbynegativenumbersandmoneyyoureceiveisrepresentedbypositivenumbers.Howthecurrencyvaluesaredisplayeddependsuponhowyousetupthecelltypeandtheformatsettings.

Day Count Basis

Formanyofthefinancialfunctions,thedaycountbasisisused:

BasisNumber DayCountBasis0(oromitted) UnitedStatesofAmerica(NASD)30/360

1 Actual/Actual

2 Actual/360

3 Actual/365

4 European30/360

[NASDistheNationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealers.]

ReturntoFinancialFunctions.

Information Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetoinformationaboutacellorthevalueinacellare:

CELL COUNTBLANK ERRORTYPE ERROR.TYPE

INFO ISBLANK ISERR ISERROR

ISEVEN ISFORMULA ISLOGICAL ISNA

ISNONTEXT ISNUMBER ISODD ISREF

ISTEXT N NA SHEET

SHEETS TYPE

Logical Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetologicaloperationsare:

AND FALSE IF IFERROR

IFNA IFS NOT OR

SWITCH TRUE XOR

Lookup Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetoreferencingandfindingotherpartsofthespreadsheetare:

ADDRESS AREAS CHOOSE COLUMN

COLUMNS FORMULATEXT HLOOKUP HYPERLINK

INDEX INDIRECT LOOKUP MATCH

OFFSET ROW ROWS RTD

TRANSPOSE VLOOKUP

Math and Trigonometry Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetomathematicalcalculationsare:

ABS ACOS ACOSH ACOT

ACOTH AGGREGATE ARABIC ASIN

ASINH ATAN ATAN2 ATANH

BASE CEILING CEILING.MATH CEILING.PRECISE

COMBIN COMBINA COS COSH

COT COTH CSC CSCH

DECIMAL DEGREES EVEN EXP

FACT FACTDOUBLE FLOOR FLOOR.MATH

FLOOR.PRECISE GCD INT ISO.CEILING

LCM LN LOG LOG10

MDETERM MINVERSE MMULT MOD

MROUND MULTINOMIAL MUNIT ODD

PI POWER PRODUCT QUOTIENT

RADIANS RAND RANDBETWEEN ROMAN

ROUND ROUNDDOWN ROUNDUP SEC

SECH SERIESSUM SIGN SIN

SINH SQRT SQRTPI SUBTOTAL

SUM SUMIF SUMIFS SUMPRODUCT

SUMSQ SUMX2MY2 SUMX2PY2 SUMXMY2

TAN TANH TRUNC

Statistical Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetostatisticaloperationsare:

AVEDEV AVERAGE AVERAGEA AVERAGEIF

AVERAGEIFS BETADIST BETA.DIST BETAINV

BETA.INV BINOMDIST BINOM.DIST BINOM.DIST.RANGE

BINOM.INV CHIDIST CHIINV CHISQ.DIST

CHISQ.DIST.RT CHISQ.INV CHISQ.INV.RT CHISQ.TEST

CHITEST CONFIDENCE CONFIDENCE.NORM CONFIDENCE.T

CORREL COUNT COUNTIF COUNTIFS

COUNTA COVAR COVARIANCE.P COVARIANCE.S

CRITBINOM DEVSQ EXPONDIST EXPON.DIST

FDIST F.DIST F.DIST.RT FINV

F.INV F.INV.RT FISHER FISHERINV

FORECAST FREQUENCY FTEST F.TEST

GAMMA GAMMADIST GAMMA.DIST GAMMAINV

GAMMA.INV GAMMALN GAMMALN.PRECISE GAUSS

GEOMEAN GROWTH HARMEAN HYPGEOMDIST

HYPGEOM.DIST INTERCEPT KURT LARGE

LINEST LOGEST LOGINV LOGNORMDIST

LOGNORM.DIST LOGNORM.INV MAX MAXA

MAXIFS MEDIAN MIN MINA

MINIFS MODE MODE.MULT MODE.SNGL

NEGBINOMDIST NEGBINOM.DIST NORMDIST NORM.DIST

NORMINV NORM.INV NORMSDIST NORM.S.DIST

NORMSINV NORM.S.INV PEARSON PERCENTILE

PERCENTILE.EXC PERCENTILE.INC PERCENTRANK PERCENTRANK.EXC

PERCENTRANK.INC PERMUT PERMUTATIONA PHI

POISSON POISSON.DIST PROB QUARTILE

QUARTILE.EXC QUARTILE.INC RANK RANK.AVG

RANK.EQ RSQ SKEW SKEW.P

SLOPE SMALL STANDARDIZE STDEV

STDEVA STDEVP STDEV.P STDEVPA

STDEV.S STEYX TDIST T.DIST

T.DIST.2T T.DIST.RT TINV T.INV

T.INV.2T TREND TRIMMEAN TTEST

T.TEST VAR VARA VARP

VAR.P VARPA VAR.S WEIBULL

WEIBULL.DIST ZTEST Z.TEST

Text Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetohandlingtextare:

ASC BAHTTEXT CHAR CLEAN

CODE CONCAT CONCATENATE DBCS

DOLLAR EXACT FIND FINDB

FIXED JIS LEFT LEFTB

LEN LENB LOWER MID

MIDB NUMBERVALUE PROPER REPLACE

REPLACEB REPT RIGHT RIGHTB

SEARCH SEARCHB SUBSTITUTE T

TEXT TEXTJOIN TRIM UPPER

UNICHAR UNICODE USDOLLAR VALUE

Web Functions

Thefunctionsthatrelatetoweb-basedoperationsare:

ENCODEURL FILTERXML WEBSERVICE

Optional Arguments

Somefunctionshaveavariablenumberofargumentswithsome(typicallythelast)argumentsbeingoptional.ThesearedisplayedinthisreferencewiththewordOptionalinbrackets"[Optional]"beforetheargumentinthetableofarguments.Forexample,considerthepaymentfunction(PMT)whichhasfiveargumentswiththelasttwobeingoptional.InSpread,youcanmakeanyofthefollowingcalls:

PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,type)

PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv)

PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,)

PMT(rate,nper,pv,,type)

PMT(rate,nper,pv,,)

PMT(rate,nper,pv)

Theoptionalargumentsmaybeomitted.Anymissingoptionalargumentishandledwiththedefaultvaluebeingpassed.Forexample

FIXED(1234.5678,,FALSE)

evaluatesthesameas

FIXED(1234.5678,2,FALSE)

sincethedefaultvalueforthenumberofdecimalplacesis2.

SeemoreaboutMissingArguments.

Missing Arguments

Missingargumentsareintendedtobeusedwithfunctionsthathaveoptionalarguments(asdiscussedinOptionalArguments).Ifamissingargumentispassedinforarequiredargumentthenthefunctionwillevaluatetothe#N/Aerror.

SeemoreaboutResultantErrorValues.

Volatile Functions

Formulasthatcontainvolatilefunctionsarerecalculatedeverytimeanyotherfunctionisrecalculated.IftheEnableCrossSheetReferencespropertyforthecontrolisfalse,thenthefunctionsarerecalculatedonlyonthesheetwherethechangesoccur.

Array Formulas

Youcanusearrayformulaswiththecontrol.

Anarrayformulacanperformmultiplecalculationsononeormoreitemsinanarray.Arrayformulascanreturnmultipleresultsorasingleresult.

Tocreateanarrayformula,selectthecellsyouwishtoputtheformulain,typetheformula,andthenuseCtrl+Shift+Enter.Thisputsbracesaroundtheformulaandplacesaninstanceoftheformulaineachcelloftheselectedrange.

Inordertoremoveorchangeanarrayformula,youmustselecttheoriginalformularangefirst.

Arrays in a Formula

Formulasmayincludefunctionsthatoperateonarrays.Spreadsupportsarrayconstantsinformulas.Usecurlybrackets{}toenclosethearrayelements.Useacommatoseparateelementswithinarow.Useasemicolontoseparaterowswithinthearray.Individualelementscanbenumbervalues,textvalues,logicalvalues,orerrorvalues.Someexamplesofarraysare:

CORREL({5,10,15,20,25},{4,8,16,32,64})

CORREL({73000,45000,40360},{42,70,40})

ROWS({1,2,3;4,5,6})

Dynamic Array Formulas

Dynamicarrayformulasareusefulespeciallywhenuserswanttoimplementeffectiveutilizationofdatacacheinthespreadsheets.Thisispossiblebecausetheseformulasallowrandomaccesswithlowmemoryfootprints.

Whenacellcontainsadynamicarrayformula,multiplevaluesarereturnedbecausetheelementsofthearrayspillintotheadjacentemptycells.Unlikegenericarrays,dynamicarraysautomaticallyresizewhenthedataisinsertedorremovedfromthesourcerange.

SpilledArrayFormulas

Dynamicarrayformulasthatreturnmorethanoneresultandspillsuccessfullytothenearbycellswithvaluesspanningtoacellrangecontainingmultiplerowsandcolumnsareknownasspilledarrayformulas.

Note:SpilledarrayformulasarenotsupportedinTables.However,whileworkingwithdynamicarrayformulasthatspilltoanumberofrowsandcolumns,thecellrangesusedinthespreadsheetscanbeformattedexplicitlytoappearliketables.

Formoreinformationondynamicarrayformulasanditsexamples,refertothefollowingtopics:

1. UNIQUE2. SORT3. SORTBY4. RANDARRAY5. SEQUENCE6. SINGLE7. FILTER

Data Types Using Formulas

WhenyouassigncelldatausingtheTextproperty,thespreadsheetusesthecelltypetoparsetheassignedstringintotheneededdatatype.Forexample,aNumberCellTypeparsesastringintoadoubledatatype.WhenyouassignthecelldatausingtheValueproperty,thespreadsheetacceptstheassignedobjectasisandnoparsingoccurs,soifyousetitwithastring,itremainsastring.Somenumericfunctions(forexample,SUM)ignorenon-numericvaluesinacellrange.Forexample,ifthecellrangeA1:A3containsthevalues{1,"2",3},thentheformulaSUM(A1:A3)evaluatesto4becausetheSUMfunctionignoresthestring"2".Besurethatyousetthevaluecorrectlyforanycellsusedinthecalculationofaformulaandthatyousetthemwiththecorrectdatatype.

Custom Functions in Formulas

Formulasmayincludecustom,user-definedfunctions.Ifyouhavefunctionsthatyouuseonaregularbasisthatarenotinthebuilt-infunctionsoryouwishtocombinesomeofthebuilt-infunctionsintoasinglefunction,youcandosobydefiningyourowncustomfunctions.Theycanbecalledasyouwouldcallanyofthebuilt-infunctions.Customfunctionscanhaveupto255arguments.

DuplicateFunctionNames

Acustomfunctioncanhavethesamenameasabuilt-infunction.Thecustomfunctiontakespriorityoverthebuilt-infunction.Customfunctionsaredynamicallylinkedatevaluationtime.Thus,theapplicationcanredefineanexistingcustomfunction.

ExcelFunctionNames

InSpread,theHYPERLINKfunctionistreatedasacustomfunctionsincewedonothavethatasabuilt-infunction.AcustomfunctioninSpreadgetsexportedasacustomfunctioninExcel.However,thereisnowaytoexporttheimplementationofthecustomfunction.Thus,Excelseestheexportedcustomfunctionasanunimplementedcustomfunctionwhichevaluatestothe#NAME?error.Whenyouenterorleaveeditmodeviatheformulabar,Excelreparsestheformulaandrecognizesthefunctionasthebuilt-inHYPERLINKfunction.Unfortunately,thereisnowaytotelltheSpreadcontrolthatagivencustomfunctioninSpreadshouldbeexportedasabuilt-infunctioninExcel.

SupposetheapplicationneedsanExcelfunctionthatSpreaddoesnotsupport.TheapplicationwouldhavetosupplyacustomfunctiontomimictheExcelfunction.Spread'simplementationofacustomfunctioncannotbeexportedtoanExcelfile,sothecustomfunctiongetsexportedasanundefinedcustomfunction.InExcel,anundefinedcustomfunctionwillevaluatetothe#VALUE!error.WhenyouentereditmodeandthenleaveeditmodeinExcel,Excelwillreparsetheformula(evenifyoumadenochangestotheformula).Duringreparsing,Excelwilltreatthefunctionasthebuilt-infunction(insteadofacustomfunction).Theformulawillthenevaluatetotheexpectedvalue(insteadofthe#VALUE!error).YourexampleofaproblemformuladoesnotappeartofallintotheabovedescribedscenariobecausetheformulaonlyusestheMAXandSUMfunctions.However,itisstillpossiblethattheformulacouldbereferencingacellthatusesacustomfunctionwhichwouldgetyoubackintotheabovedescribedscenario.Editingthereferencedcellwouldgetridofthe#VALUE!errorinthereferencedcell.Therecalculationswouldcascadebackthecellinquestion.

SeeAlso

RefertotheproductDeveloper’sGuideformoredetailsonhowtocreateacustomfunction.

RefertotheproductAssemblyReferenceformoredetailsonthemethodsthataddorgetcustomfunctions.

Custom Names in Formulas

Formulasmayincludecustom,user-definednames.Customnamesareidentifierstorepresentinformationinthespreadsheet.Acustomnamecanrefertoacell,arangeofcells,acomputedvalue,oraformula.(MethodsthatdealwithcustomnamesprovidethesamefunctionalityastheNameinExcel.)Acustomnamecancontainupto255charactersandcanincludeletters,numbers,orunderscores.Thefirstcharactermustbealetteroranunderscore.

Thename'svaluecanbeassignedorretrievedaseitherastringobjectorasanexpressionobject.RefertotheAssemblyReferenceformoredetailsonthemethodsthataddorgetcustomnames.

FromtheexampleinC#:

dataModel.AddCustomName("Total",newFarPoint.CalcEngine.CellExpression(3,2));

anamecalledTotaliscreatedthatrepresentsthecellatabsolutelocation3,2.AssumingA1notation(ReferenceStyle=A1),thenthiswouldbeequivalentto:

dataModel.AddCustomName("Total","$D$3",0,0);

InExcel,thiswouldbeequivalentto:

Name:TotalRefersTo:=$D$3

Oncethenameisdefined,thenamecanbeusedinformulas.Whentheformulaisevaluated,thename'svalueisreferencedandevaluated.Giventheabovedefinition,thefollowingtwoformulaassignmentswouldproducethesameresult:

spread.ActiveSheet.SetFormula(0,0,"Total");spread.ActiveSheet.SetFormula(0,0,"$D$3");

NotethatthestringversionsoftheAddCustomNameandGetCustomNamemethodstakethebaseroworbasecolumnarguments.TheseargumentsareusedtoparseorunparserelativeaddressesinA1notation.TheseargumentsareignoredwhenusingabsoluteaddressesorwhenusingR1C1notation.A1notationrequiresabaselocationfromwhichtherelativeoffsetiscomputed.

Forexample:

dataModel.AddCustomName("Beta","D3",0,0);//sameas"R[2]C[3]"dataModel.AddCustomName("Gamma","D3",4,4);//sameas"R[-2]C[-1]"

Inotherwords,cellD3is+3/+2fromcellA1but-1/-2fromcellE5.InExcel,theInsert>Name>Definedialogusestheactivecellasthebaselocation.

RefertotheproductDeveloper’sGuideformoredetailsonhowtocreateacustomname.

RefertotheAssemblyReferenceformoredetailsonthemethodsthataddorgetcustomnames.

Resultant Error Values

Thevaluesthatcanbedisplayedinacellasaresultofaninvalidentryorinvalidformulaareasfollows:

Value Description#DIV/0! Thisdisplayswhenaformulaincludesadivisionbyzeroorwhenaformulauses,inthedivisor,acell

referencetoablankcellortoacellthatcontainszero.

#N/A Thisdisplayswhenavalueisnotavailabletoafunctionorformulaorwhenanargumentinanarrayformulaisnotthesamesizeastherangethatcontainsthearrayformula.

#NAME? Thisdisplayswhentextinaformulaisnotrecognizedorwhenthenameofafunctionismisspelled,orwhenincludingtextwithoutusingdoublequotationmarks.Thiscanalsohappenwhenyouomitacolon(:)inacellrangereference.

#NULL! Thisdisplayswhenyouspecifyanintersectionoftwoareasthatdonotintersect.Possiblecausesincludeamistypedreferenceoperatororamistypedcellreference.

#NUM! Thisdisplayswhenanumberinaformulaorfunctioncannotbecalculated,whenaformulaproducesanumberthatistoolargeortoosmalltorepresent,orwhenusinganunacceptableargumentinafunctionthatrequiresanumber.Ifyouareusingafunctionthatiterates,suchasIRRorRATE,andthefunctioncannotfindaresult,thisvalueisdisplayed.

#REF! Thisdisplayswhenacellreferenceisnotvalidorwhenyoudeletedcellsreferredtobyaformula.

#VALUE! Thisdisplayswhenthewrongtypeofargumentoroperandisused,suchasusingtextwhentheformularequiresanumberoralogicalvalue,orusingarangeinsteadofasinglevalue.

Formula Functions

Spread.NETprovidesthesebuilt-infunctions,listedalphabetically.

Foralistoffunctionsbytype,refertoCategoriesofFunctions.

FunctionsAtoC

ABS ACCRINT ACCRINTM ACOS

ACOSH ACOT ACOTH ADDRESS

AGGREGATE AMORDEGRC AMORLINC AND

ARABIC AREAS ASC ASIN

AVERAGEIFS BAHTTEXT BASE BESSELI

BESSELJ BESSELK BESSELY BETA.DIST

BETA.INV BETADIST BETAINV BIN2DEC

BIN2HEX BIN2OCT BINOM.DIST BINOM.DIST.RANGE

BINOM.INV BINOMDIST BITAND BITLSHIFT

BITOR BITRSHIFT BITXOR CALL

CEILING CEILING.MATH CEILING.PRECISE CELL

CHAR CHIDIST CHIINV CHISQ.DIST

CHITEST CHOOSE CLEAN CODE

COLUMN COLUMNS COMBIN COMBINA

COMPLEX CONCAT CONCATENATE CONFIDENCE

CONFIDENCE.NORM CONFIDENCE.T CONVERT CORREL

COS COSH COT COTH

COUNT COUNTA COUNTBLANK COUNTIF

COUNTIFS COUPDAYBS COUPDAYS COUPDAYSNC

COUPNCD COUPNUM COUPPCD COVAR

COVARIANCE.P COVARIANCE.S CRITBINOM CSC

CSCH CUMIPMT(on-linedocumentation)

FunctionsDtoG

DATE DATEDIF DATEVALUE DAVERAGE

DAY DAYS DAYS360 DB

DBCS DCOUNT DCOUNTA DDB

DEC2BIN DEC2HEX DEC2OCT DECIMAL

DEGREES DELTA DEVSQ DGET

DISC DMAX DMIN DOLLAR

DOLLARDE DOLLARFR DPRODUCT DSTDEV

DSTDEVP DSUM DURATION DVAR

DVARP EDATE EFFECT ENCODEURL

EOMONTH ERF ERF.PRECISE ERFC

ERFC.PRECISE ERROR.TYPE ERRORTYPE EUROCONVERT

EVEN EXACT EXP EXPON.DIST

EXPONDIST F.DIST F.DIST.RT F.INV

F.INV.RT F.TEST FACT FACTDOUBLE

FALSE FDIST FILTER FILTERXML

FIND FINDB FINV FISHER

FISHERINV FIXED FLOOR FLOOR.MATH

FLOOR.PRECISE FORECAST FORECAST.LINEAR FORMULATEXT

FREQUENCY FTEST FV FVSCHEDULE

GAMMA GAMMA.DIST GAMMA.INV GAMMADIST

GAMMAINV GAMMALN GAMMALN.PRECISE GAUSS

GCD GEOMEAN GESTEP GROWTH

FunctionsHtoL

HARMEAN HEX2BIN HEX2DEC HEX2OCT

HLOOKUP HOUR HYPERLINK HYPGEOM.DIST

HYPGEOMDIST IF IFERROR IFNA

IFS IMABS IMAGINARY IMARGUMENT

IMCONJUGATE IMCOS IMCOSH IMCOT

IMCSC IMCSCH IMDIV IMEXP

IMLN IMLOG10 IMLOG2 IMPOWER

IMPRODUCT IMREAL IMSEC IMSECH

IMSIN IMSINH IMSQRT IMSUB

IMSUM IMTAN INDEX INDIRECT

INFO INT INTERCEPT INTRATE

IPMT IRR ISBLANK ISERR

ISERROR ISEVEN ISFORMULA ISLOGICAL

ISNA ISNONTEXT ISNUMBER ISO.CEILING

ISODD ISOWEEKNUM ISPMT ISREF

ISTEXT JIS KURT LARGE

LCM LEFT LEFTB LEN

LENB LINEST LN LOG

LOG10 LOGEST LOGINV LOGNORM.DIST

LOGNORM.INV LOGNORMDIST LOOKUP LOWER

FunctionsMtoQ

MATCH MAX MAXA MAXIFS

MDETERM MDURATION MEDIAN MID

MIDB MIN MINA MINIFS

MINUTE MINVERSE MIRR MMULT

MOD MODE MODE.MULT MODE.SNGL

MONTH MROUND MULTINOMIAL MUNIT

N NA NEGBINOM.DIST NEGBINOMDIST

NETWORKDAYS NETWORKDAYS.INTL NOMINAL NORM.DIST

NORM.INV NORM.S.DIST NORM.S.INV NORMDIST

NORMINV NORMSDIST NORMSINV NOT

NOW NPER NPV NUMBERVALUE

OCT2BIN OCT2DEC OCT2HEX ODD

OFFSET OR PDURATION PEARSON

PERCENTILE PERCENTILE.EXC PERCENTILE.INC PERCENTRANK

PERCENTRANK.EXC PERCENTRANK.INC PERMUT PERMUTATIONA

PHI PHONETIC PI PMT

POISSON POISSON.DIST POWER PPMT

PRICE PRICEDISC PRICEMAT PROB

PRODUCT PROPER PV QUARTILE

QUARTILE.EXC QUARTILE.INC QUOTIENT

FunctionsRtoS

RADIANS RAND RANDARRAY RANDBETWEEN

RANK RANK.AVG RANK.EQ RATE

RECEIVED REPLACE REPLACEB REPT

RIGHT RIGHTB ROMAN ROUND

ROUNDDOWN ROUNDUP ROW ROWS

RRI RSQ RTD SEARCH

SEARCHB SEC SECH SECOND

SERIESSUM SEQUENCE SHEET SHEETS

SIGN SIN SINH SINGLE

SKEW SKEW.P SLN SLOPE

SMALL SORT SORTBY SQRT

SQRTPI STANDARDIZE STDEV STDEV.P

STDEV.S STDEVA STDEVP STDEVPA

STEYX SUBSTITUTE SUBTOTAL SUM

SUMIF SUMIFS SUMPRODUCT SUMSQ

SUMX2MY2 SUMX2PY2 SUMXMY2 SWITCH

FunctionsTtoZ

T T.DIST T.DIST.2T T.DIST.RT

T.INV T.INV.2T T.TEST TAN

TANH TBILLEQ TBILLPRICE TBILLYIELD

TDIST TEXT TEXTJOIN TIME

TIMEVALUE TINV TODAY TRANSPOSE

TREND TRIM TRIMMEAN TRUE

TRUNC TTEST TYPE UNICHAR

UNICODE UNIQUE UPPER USDOLLAR

VALUE VAR VAR.P VAR.S

VARA VARP VARPA VDB

VLOOKUP WEBSERVICE WEEKDAY WEEKNUM

WEIBULL WEIBULL.DIST WORKDAY WORKDAY.INTL

XIRR XNPV XOR YEAR

YEARFRAC YIELD YIELDDISC YIELDMAT

Z.TEST ZTEST

Formoreinformationonhowtousethesefunctions,refertotheFormulaOverview,andtothechapteronManagingFormulasintheproductDevelopersGuide.

ReturntotheFormulaReference.

Functions A to C

FunctionsAtoC

ABS ACCRINT ACCRINTM ACOS

ACOSH ACOT ACOTH ADDRESS

AGGREGATE AMORDEGRC AMORLINC AND

ARABIC AREAS ASC ASIN

AVERAGEIFS BAHTTEXT BASE BESSELI

BESSELJ BESSELK BESSELY BETA.DIST

BETA.INV BETADIST BETAINV BIN2DEC

BIN2HEX BIN2OCT BINOM.DIST BINOM.DIST.RANGE

BINOM.INV BINOMDIST BITAND BITLSHIFT

BITOR BITRSHIFT BITXOR CALL

CEILING CEILING.MATH CEILING.PRECISE CELL

CHAR CHIDIST CHIINV CHISQ.DIST

CHITEST CHOOSE CLEAN CODE

COLUMN COLUMNS COMBIN COMBINA

COMPLEX CONCAT CONCATENATE CONFIDENCE

CONFIDENCE.NORM CONFIDENCE.T CONVERT CORREL

COS COSH COT COTH

COUNT COUNTA COUNTBLANK COUNTIF

COUNTIFS COUPDAYBS COUPDAYS COUPDAYSNC

COUPNCD COUPNUM COUPPCD COVAR

COVARIANCE.P COVARIANCE.S CRITBINOM CSC

CSCH CUMIPMT(on-linedocumentation)

Thisfunctioncalculatestheabsolutevalueofthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

ABS(value)

ABS(expression)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeeitheravalueoranexpressionasanargument.

Remarks

Thisfunctionturnsnegativevaluesintopositivevalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ABS(R3C2)

ABS(B3)

ABS(-4) gives the result 4

ABS(14-24) gives the result 10

ABS(4) gives the result 4

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.

SeeAlso

SIGN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

ACCRINT

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaccruedinterestforasecuritythatpaysperiodicinterest.

Syntax

ACCRINT(issue,first,settle,rate,par,frequency,basis)

Arguments

Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:

Argument Descriptionissue Datethatthesecurityisissued

first Firstdateforcalculatingtheinterestforthesecurity

settle Settlementdateforthesecurity

rate Annualinterestrateforthesecurity

par [Optional]Parvalueforthesecurity;ifomitted,thecalculationusesavalueof$1,000

frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofpaymentsperyear

basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis.)

Remarks

Thisfunctionrequiresthattheissueislessthanthesettlement(otherwisea#NUM!errorisreturned).Iftherateorparislessthanorequalto0,thena#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifthefrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4,thena#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifthebasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ACCRINT(A1,A2,A3,B4,D9,E9,0)

ACCRINT(DATE(2003,1,1),DATE(2003,1,7),DATE(2005,1,7),0.5,1000,2) gives the result 1008.33333

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ACCRINTM|INTRATE|FinancialFunctions

ACCRINTM

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaccruedinterestatmaturityforasecuritythatpaysperiodicinterest.

Syntax

ACCRINTM(issue,maturity,rate,par,basis)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionissue Datethatthesecurityisissued

maturity Maturitydateforsecurity

rate Annualinterestrateforthesecurity

par [Optional]Parvalueforthesecurity;ifomitted,thecalculationusesavalueof$1,000

Remarks

Thisfunctionrequiresthatissueisavaliddate(otherwisea#Value!errorisreturned).Iftherateorparislessthanorequalto0,thena#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifthebasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Iftheissueislessthanthesettlement,thena#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

ACCRINTM(A2,A3,B4,D9,3)

ACCRINTM(R1C1,R2C3,R4C2,R9C4,3)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ACCRINT|INTRATE|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthearccosine,thatis,theanglewhosecosineisthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

ACOS(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifythecosineoftheangleyouwanttoreturn,whichmustbeavaluebetween–1and1.

Remarks

Theresultangleisinradiansbetween0(zero)andPI(pi).Ifyouwanttoconverttheresulttodegrees,multiplytheresultby180/PI.

DataTypes

Examples

ACOS(B3)

ACOS(R3C2)

ACOS(0.5) gives the result 1.0471975512

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ACOSH|ASIN|COS|COSH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinversehyperboliccosineofthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

ACOSH(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumbergreaterthanorequalto1.

Remarks

Thisfunctionistheinverseofthehyperboliccosine,soACOSH(COSH(n))givestheresultn.

DataTypes

Examples

ACOSH(B3)

ACOSH(R3C2)

ACOSH(1) gives the result 0

ACOSH(10) gives the result 2.9932228461

ACOS(R3C2)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ACOS|ASINH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthearccotangent(inverseofthecotangent)ofthespecifiednumericvalue.

Syntax

ACOT(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifythecotangentoftheangleyouwanttoreturn.Theargumentshouldbearealnumber.

Remarks

Theresultantangleisinradiansanditsvalueliesbetween0(zero)andPI(pi).Ifyouwanttoconverttheresultfromradianstodegrees,multiplytheresultantvalueby180/PI.

DataTypes

Examples

ACOT(5)givestheresult0.1973

VersionAvailable

ThisfunctionisavailableinSpreadforWindowsForms11.0orlater.

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinversehyperboliccotangentofthespecifiednumericvalue.

Syntax

ACOTH(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanynumberwhoseabsolutevalueisgreaterthan1.

Remarks

Thisfunctionistheinverseofthehyperboliccotangent.Ifthespecifiednumberislessthan1,thisfunctionreturnsa#NUM!errorvalue.Ifthespecifiednumberisnotanumericvalue,itreturnsa#VALUE!error.

DataTypes

Examples

ACOTH(8)givestheresult0.1256

VersionAvailable

ADDRESS

Thisfunctionusestherowandcolumnnumberstocreateacelladdressintext.

Syntax

ADDRESS(row,column,absnum,a1style,sheettext)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionrow Rownumberinthecellreference

column8 Columnnumberinthecellreference

absnum [Optional]Typeofreferencetoreturn;canbeanyof:

Value-TypeofCellReferenceReturned

1oromitted-Absolute

2-Absoluterow,relativecolumn

3-Relativerow,absolutecolumn

4-Relative

a1style [Optional]LogicalvaluethatindicateswhetherthereferencestyleisA1;ifTRUEoromitted,thestyleisA1;ifFALSE,thenthestyleisR1C1

sheettext [Optional]Nameofthesheettouseasanexternalreference;ifomitted,nosheetnameisused

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

ADDRESS(2,4,2,FALSE)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COLUMNS|ROWS|INDEX|LookupFunctions

AGGREGATE

Thisfunctioncalculatesanaggregatevalueinalistordatabase.

Syntax

AGGREGATE(functionnum,options,reference1,reference2,…)

AGGREGATE(functionnum,options,array,k)

Arguments

Thisfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:

Argument Descriptionfunctionnum Referstothenumbercodethatspecifiesthefunctiontouse(seetablebelow).

options Referstothenumericalvaluethatdetermineswhichvaluesmustbeignoredintheevaluationrangeforthefunction(seetablebelow)

reference1 Referstotheargumentforwhichyouwanttheaggregatevalue.

reference2 [Optional]Referstotheadditionalargumentsforwhichyouwanttheaggregatevalue.

array Referstoanarray,arrayformula,orareferencetoarangeofcellsforwhichyouwanttheaggregatevalue.

k Referstotheadditionalargumentsforwhichyouwanttheaggregatevalue.

Thefunctionnumargumentisthenumberthatrepresentsthebuilt-infunctiontouse,asgiveninthistable.

Built-InFunction FunctionCodeAVERAGE 1

COUNT 2

COUNTA 3

PRODUCT 6

STDEV.S 7

STDEV.P 8

VAR.S 10

VAR.P 11

MEDIAN 12

MODE.SNGL 13

LARGE 14

SMALL 15

PERCENTILE.INC 16

QUARTILE.INC 17

PERCENTILE.EXC 18

QUARTILE.EXC 19

Theoptionsargumenthasthefollowingoptions.

Option Description0oromitted IgnorenestedSUBTOTALandAGGREGATEfunctions

1 IgnorehiddenrowsandnestedSUBTOTALandAGGREGATEfunctions

2 IgnoreerrorvaluesandnestedSUBTOTALandAGGREGATEfunctions

3 Ignorehiddenrows,errorvalues,andnestedSUBTOTALandAGGREGATEfunctions

4 Ignorenothing

5 Ignorehiddenrows

6 Ignoreerrorvalues

7 Ignorehiddenrowsanderrorvalues

Remarks

Thisfunctionisdesignedforcolumnsofdata,orverticalcellrange.Thisfunctionhasanoptiontoignorehiddenrowsanderrorvalues.

Ifasecondreferenceargumentisrequiredbutitisnotprovidedbytheuser,a#VALUE!errorisreturned.Also,ifoneormoreofthereferencesare3-Dreferences,a#VALUE!errorvalueisreturned.

Thereference2argumentisoptional;however,thefollowingfunctionsarerequiredinthisargument.

LARGESMALLPERCENTILE.INCQUARTILE.INCPERCENTILE.EXCQUARTILE.EXC

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericvalues.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

AGGREGATE(14,6,B1:B7,3) gives the result 5, where B1:B7 is the cell range containing a numeric list.

VersionAvailable

AMORDEGRC

Thisfunctionreturnsthedepreciationforanaccountingperiod,takingintoconsiderationprorateddepreciation,andappliesadepreciationcoefficientinthecalculationbasedonthelifeoftheassets.

Syntax

AMORDEGRC(cost,datepurchased,firstperiod,salvage,period,drate,basis)

Arguments

Argument Descriptioncost Costoftheasset

datepurchased Purchasedateoftheasset

firstperiod Enddateofthefirstperiod

salvage Salvagevalueattheendofthelifeoftheasset

period Accountingperiod

drate Rateofdepreciation

basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis)

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsthedepreciationuntilthelastperiodoftheassetlifeoruntilthetotalvalueofdepreciationisgreaterthanthecostoftheassetsminusthesalvagevalue.Thedepreciationcoefficientsare:

Lifeofassets DepreciationCoefficientBetween3and4years 1.5

Between5and6years 2

Morethan6years 2.5

Thedepreciationratewillgrowto50percentfortheperiodproceedingthelastperiodandwillgrowto100percentforthelastperiod.Ifthelifeofassetsisbetween0(zero)and1,1and2,2and3,or4and5,the#NUM!errorvalueisreturned.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromAMORLINC,whichdoesnotapplyadepreciationcoefficientinthecalculationdependingonthelifeoftheassets.

DataTypes

Examples

AMORDEGRC(B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B7)

AMORDEGRC(2800,DATE(2003,9,4),DATE(2006,12,31),200,1,0.02,1) gives the result 117

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AMORLINC|FinancialFunctions

AMORLINC

Thisfunctioncalculatesthedepreciationforanaccountingperiod,takingintoaccountprorateddepreciation.

Syntax

AMORLINC(cost,datepurchased,firstperiod,salvage,period,drate,basis)

Arguments

Argument Descriptioncost Costoftheasset

datepurchased Purchasedateoftheasset

firstperiod Enddateofthefirstperiod

salvage Salvagevalueattheendofthelifeoftheasset

period Accountingperiod

drate Rateofdepreciation

basis [Optional]Integerrepresentingthebasisfordaycount(RefertoDayCountBasis)

Remarks

ThisfunctiondiffersfromAMORDEGRC,whichappliesadepreciationcoefficientinthecalculationdependingonthelifeoftheassets.

DataTypes

Examples

AMORLINC(B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B7)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AMORDEGRC|FinancialFunctions

ThisfunctioncalculateslogicalAND.

Syntax

AND(bool1,bool2,...)

AND(array)

AND(array1,array2,...)

AND(expression)

AND(expression1,expression2,...)

Arguments

Fortheargumentsofthisfunction,providenumeric(0or1)orlogicalvalues(TRUEorFALSE)forupto255arguments.Youcanalsospecifyasinglearrayinsteadoflistingthevaluesseparately,orupto255arrays.Youcanalsospecifythelogicalargumentasanexpression.

Remarks

ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEifallitsargumentsaretrue;otherwise,returnsFALSEifatleastoneargumentisfalse.

DataTypes

Acceptslogicaldata(BooleanvaluesofTRUEorFALSE)ornumericalvalues(0or1).Returnslogicaldata(BooleanvaluesofTRUEorFALSE).

Examples

AND(D12,E12)

AND(R12C42,R12C5,R12C1)

AND(D2:D12)

AND(R12C1:R12C9)

AND(true,true,true) gives the result TRUE

AND(TRUE(),FALSE()) gives the result FALSE

AND(5+3=8,5+1=6) gives the result TRUE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

NOT|OR|LogicalFunctions

ARABIC

ThisfunctionconvertsthespecifiedRomanvaluetoanArabicvalue.

Syntax

ARABIC(text)

Arguments

Fortheargument,astringenclosedinquotationmarksorareferencetothecell(posessingtextvalueonly)canbespecified.

Remarks

Inthisfunction,specifyingthetextinlowercaseoruppercasedoesn'tmatterbecausethecaseoftheargument(suppliedasatext value)isignored.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ARABIC("XIXI")givestheresult20

ARABIC("LIV")givestheresult54

ARABIC(C2)givestheresult61whereC2isacellreferencecontainingthetextvalueLXI.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofareasinthespecifiedreference.

Syntax

AREAS(reference)

Arguments

Specifythecellreferencefortheargument.

Remarks

Inthisfunction,singleargumentcanrefertomultipleareas.Todoso,extrasetofparenthesesisused.

DataTypes

Acceptscellreferenceforargument.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

AREAS(B7:D9)givestheresult1

AREAS((B2:D4,E5,F6:I9))givestheresult3

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctiontransformsfull-width(double-byte)characterstohalf-width(single-byte)characters.

Syntax

ASC(text)

Arguments

Forthearguments,youneedtogiveeitheratextvalueorareferencetoacellcontainingthetexttobechanged.

Remarks

Ifthetextdoesnotcontainfull-widthletters,thenthetextisnotchanged.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdata.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

ASC("SPREAD")givestheresult"SPREAD"

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctioncalculatesthearcsine,thatis,theanglewhosesineisthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

ASIN(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,specifythesineoftheangleyouwanttoreturn,whichmustbeavaluebetween–1and1.

Remarks

Theresultangleisinradiansbetween–PI/2andPI/2.Ifyouwanttoconverttheresulttodegrees,multiplytheresultby180/PI.

DataTypes

Examples

ASIN(B3)

ASIN(R3C2)

ASIN(0.5) gives the result 0.5235987756

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ACOS|SIN|SINH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinversehyperbolicsineofanumber.

Syntax

ASINH(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumber.

Remarks

Thisfunctionistheinverseofthehyperbolicsine,soASINH(SINH(n))givestheresultn.

DataTypes

Examples

ASINH(E4)

ASINH(R4C5)

ASINH(-5.5) gives the result -2.40606

ASINH(100) gives the result 5.2983423656

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ACOSH|ASIN|SIN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthearctangent,thatis,theanglewhosetangentisthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

ATAN(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,specifythetangentoftheangleyouwanttoreturn,whichmustbeavaluebetween–1and1.

Remarks

Theresultangleisinradiansbetween–PI/2andPI/2.Ifyouwanttoconverttheresulttodegrees,multiplytheresultby180/PI.

DataTypes

Examples

ATAN(B3)

ATAN(R3C2)

ATAN(1) gives the result 0.7853981634

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ACOS|ASIN|TAN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthearctangentofthespecifiedx-andy-coordinates.

Syntax

ATAN2(x,y)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakerealnumbersasarguments.

Remarks

Thearctangentistheanglefromthex-axistoalinecontainingtheorigin(0,0)andapointwithcoordinates(x,y).

Theresultisgiveninradiansbetween–PIandPI,excluding–PI.Ifyouwanttoconverttheresulttodegrees,multiplytheresultby180/PI.

DataTypes

Examples

ATAN2(A1,E3)

ATAN2(R1C1,R3C5)

ATAN2(1,1) gives the result 0.7853981634

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ACOS|ASIN|ATAN|TAN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinversehyperbolictangentofanumber.

Syntax

ATANH(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumberbetween1and–1,excluding–1and1.

Remarks

Thisfunctionistheinverseofthehyperbolictangent,soATANH(TANH(n))givestheresultn.

DataTypes

Examples

ATANH(B5)

ATANH(R5C2)

ATANH(0.55) gives the resultlt 0.6183813136

ATANH(-0.2) gives the result -0.2027325541

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ACOSH|ASINH|ATAN|TAN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

AVEDEV

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageoftheabsolutedeviationsofthespecifiedvaluesfromtheirmean.

Syntax

AVEDEV(value1,value2,...)

AVEDEV(array)

AVEDEV(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks

Thisisameasureofthevariabilityinadataset.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

AVEDEV(B5,L32,N25,D17)

AVEDEV(B1:B5)

AVEDEV(B1:B17,L1:L17,N2:N8)

AVEDEV(R5C2,R32C12,R25C15) AVEDEV(R1C2:R1C7)

AVEDEV(98,79,85) gives the result 7.1111111111

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVERAGE|DEVSQ|StatisticalFunctions

AVERAGE

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageofthespecifiednumericvalues.

Syntax

AVERAGE(value1,value2,...)

AVERAGE(array)

AVERAGE(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Remarks

ThisfunctiondiffersfromAVERAGEA,whichacceptstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

AVERAGE(A1,B3,D5,E9,L8,L9)

AVERAGE(R1C1,R3C2)

AVERAGE(A1:A9)

AVERAGE(A1:A9,B1:B9,D5:D8)

AVERAGE(98,72,85) gives the result 85

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVERAGEA

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageofthespecifiedvalues,includingtextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

Syntax

AVERAGEA(value1,value2,...)

AVERAGEA(array)

AVERAGEA(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange).Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks

ThisfunctiondiffersfromAVERAGEbecauseitallowstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,logical,ortextdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

AVERAGEA(A1,B3,D5,E9,L8,L9)

AVERAGEA(R1C1,R3C2)

AVERAGEA(A1:A9)

AVERAGEA(A1:A9,B1:B9,D5:D8)

AVERAGEA(98,72,85) gives the result 85

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVERAGEIF

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageofthespecifiednumericvaluesprovidedthattheymeetthespecifiedcriteria.

Syntax

AVERAGEIF(value1,value2,...,condition)

AVERAGEIF(array,condition)

AVERAGEIF(array1,array2,...,condition)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange).Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Theconditionacceptstext,numeric,orexpressiondata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

AVERAGEIF(A1,B3,D5,E9,L8,L9,"<5000")

AVERAGEIF(R1C1,R3C2,"<>0")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVERAGEIFS

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageofallcellsthatmeetmultiplespecifiedcriteria.

Syntax

AVERAGEIFS(value1,condition1,value2,...,condition2...)

AVERAGEIFS(array,condition)

AVERAGEIFS(array1,array2,...,condition)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange).Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.Youcanhaveupto127argumentsfortheconditions.

Remarks

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Theconditionacceptstext,numeric,orexpressiondata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

AVERAGEIFS(B2:B5,B2:B5,">90",B2:B5,"<100")

AVERAGEIFS(R1C1,R3C2,"<>0")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BAHTTEXT

ThisfunctionconvertsthespecifiedvaluetoThaitextandaddsasuffix"Baht"toit.

Syntax

BAHTTEXT(value)

Arguments

Theargumentcanacceptanumericvalue,oracellreferencethatcontainsanumericvalue.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

BAHTTEXT(1234)givestheresultหนึ่งพันสองร้อยสามสบิสี่บาทถ้วน

BAHTTEXT(C3)givestheresultหนึ่งพันสองร้อยสามสบิสี่บาทถ้วน,whereC3isthecellreferencethatcontainsthevalue1234

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionconvertsanumberintoatextrepresentationaccordingtospecifiedbase.

Syntax

BASE(value,base,min_len)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalue Referstothevaluethatyouwanttoconvert.Thisvaluemustbegreaterthanorequalto0andless

than2^53

base Referstothebasethatyouwanttoconvertthevalueinto.Thisvaluemustbegreaterthanorequalto2andlessthanorequalto36

min_len [Optional]Referstotheminimumlengthoftheresultantstring.Thisvaluemustbegreaterthanorequalto0andlessthanorequalto255

Remarks

Thisfunctionsreturnsanerrorwhenthespecifiedvalueintheargumentsdoesn'tmeettheminimumandmaximumconstraintsasmentionedintheabovetable.

DataTypes

Examples

BASE(9,3)givestheresult100.

BASE(8,2,1)givestheresult1000.

BASE(6,3,2)givestheresult20.

VersionAvailable

BESSELI

ThisfunctioncalculatesthemodifiedBesselfunctionofthefirstkindevaluatedforpurelyimaginaryarguments.

Syntax

BESSELI(value,order)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalue Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction

order Numberrepresentingtheorderofthefunction;ifitisnotaninteger,itistruncated

Remarks

Ifvalueororderisnonnumericthena#Value!errorisreturned.Iforderislessthan0thenthe#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

BESSELI(A4,D5)

BESSELI(R4C1,R5C4)

BESSELI(1.8,2) gives the result 0.5260402117

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BESSELJ|BESSELY|EngineeringFunctions

BESSELJ

ThisfunctioncalculatestheBesselfunctionofthefirstkind.

Syntax

BESSELJ(value,order)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

BESSELJ(A4,D5)

BESSELJ(R4C1,R5C4)

BESSELJ(1.85,2) gives the result 0.31812827879

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BESSELI|BESSELK|EngineeringFunctions

BESSELK

ThisfunctioncalculatesthemodifiedBesselfunctionofthesecondkindevaluatedforpurelyimaginaryarguments.

Syntax

BESSELK(value,order)

Arguments

Remarks

ThisfunctionisalsocalledtheNeumannfunction.Ifvalueororderisnonnumericthena#Value!errorisreturned.Iforderislessthan0thenthe#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

BESSELK(A4,D5)

BESSELK(R4C1,R5C4)

BESSELK(1.85,2) gives the result 0.32165379

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BESSELJ|BESSELY|EngineeringFunctions

BESSELY

ThisfunctioncalculatestheBesselfunctionofthesecondkind.

Syntax

BESSELY(value,order)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

BESSELY(A4,D5)

BESSELY(R4C1,R5C4)

BESSELY(2.85,1) gives the result 0.2801918953

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BESSELJ|BESSELK|EngineeringFunctions

BETA.DIST

Thisfunctioncalculatesthecumulativebetadistributionfunction.

Syntax

BETA.DIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative,lower,upper)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction,betweenthevaluesoflowerandupper

alpha Alphaparameterofthedistribution

beta Betaparameterofthedistribution

cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminesthefunctionform.Thefunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunctionifthisargumentistrue.Itreturnstheprobabilitydensityfunction,iftheargumentisfalse

lower [Optional]Lowerboundoftheintervalforx;0ifomitted

upper [Optional]Upperboundoftheintervalforx;1ifomitted

Remarks

Ifyouomitvaluesforupperandlower,thecalculationusesthestandardcumulativebetadistribution,sothatloweriszeroandupperisone.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsexceptcumulative.AcceptsTRUEorFALSEforcumulative.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

BETA.DIST(A1,A3,B4,TRUE,1,3)

BETA.DIST(2,8,10,TRUE,1,3)givestheresult0.6854705810546875

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BETADIST

BETA.INV

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseofthecumulativebetadensityfunction.

Syntax

BETA.INV(prob,alpha,beta,lower,upper)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthedistribution

Remarks

Ifyouomitvaluesforupperandlower,thecalculationusesthestandardcumulativebetadistribution,sothatloweriszeroandupperisone.Thisfunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalueifanyargumentisnonnumeric.

DataTypes

Examples

BETA.INV(0.75,B3,C3,2,4)

BETA.INV(0.75,R3C2,R3C3,2,4)

BETA.INV(0.75,9,12,2,4)givestheresult3.0011968805340232

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BETAINV

BETADIST

Thisfunctioncalculatesthecumulativebetadistributionfunction.

Syntax

BETADIST(x,alpha,beta,lower,upper)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction,betweenthevaluesoflowerandupper

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

BETADIST(3,B3,C3,2,4)

BETADIST(3,R3C2,R3C3,2,4)

BETADIST(3,6,9,2,4) gives the result 0.7880249023

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BETAINV|StatisticalFunctions

BETAINV

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseofthecumulativebetadistributionfunction.

Syntax

BETAINV(prob,alpha,beta,lower,upper)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthedistribution

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

BETAINV(0.75,B3,C3,2,4)

BETAINV(0.75,R3C2,R3C3,2,4)

BETAINV(0.75,9,12,2,4) gives the result 3.0011968805

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BETADIST|StatisticalFunctions

BIN2DEC

Thisfunctionconvertsabinarynumbertoadecimalnumber.

Syntax

BIN2DEC(number)

Arguments

Fortheargumentofthisfunction,specifythebinarynumericvaluetoconvert.

Remarks

Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumbercontainsmorethan10digitsorisinvalid.

DataTypes

Examples

BIN2DEC(1111111)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BIN2HEX|BIN2OCT|DEC2BIN|OCT2DEC|EngineeringFunctions

BIN2HEX

Thisfunctionconvertsabinarynumbertoahexadecimalnumber.

Syntax

BIN2HEX(number,places)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Binarynumericvaluetoconvert

places [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoreturn;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Remarks

Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumbercontainsmorethan10digitsorisinvalid,orifthevalueofplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdatainhexadecimalformat.

Examples

BIN2HEX(1110)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BIN2DEC|BIN2OCT|DEC2HEX|OCT2HEX|EngineeringFunctions

BIN2OCT

Thisfunctionconvertsabinarynumbertoanoctalnumber.

Syntax

BIN2OCT(number,places)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Binarynumericvaluetoconvert

Remarks

Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumbercontainsmorethan10digitsorisinvalid,orifthevalueofplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.

DataTypes

Examples

BIN2OCT(1001,2)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BIN2DEC|BIN2HEX|OCT2BIN|DEC2OCT|EngineeringFunctions

BINOM.DIST

Thisfunctioncalculatestheindividualtermbinomialdistributionprobability.

Syntax

BINOM.DIST(x,n,p,cumulative)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Numberrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesintrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

n Numberrepresentingthenumberofindependenttrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

p Probabilityofsuccessoneachtrial;numberbetween0and1

cumulative Logicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction;ifTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction,whichistheprobabilitythatthereareatmostxsuccesses;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction,whichistheprobabilitythattherearexsuccesses

Remarks

Usethisfunctioninproblemswithafixednumberoftestsortrials,whentherearetwomutuallyexclusivepossibleoutcomes(a"success"anda"failure"),whentrialsareindependent,andwhentheprobabilityofoneoutcomeisconstantthroughouttheexperiment.Thisfunctioncan,forexample,calculatetheprobabilitythattwoofthenextthreebabiesbornaremale.

Thebinomialprobabilitymassfunctioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherexisthenumberofsuccesses,nisthenumberoftrials,andpistheprobabilityofsuccessonanyonetrial.Thecumulativebinomialdistributioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherenisthenumberoftrials,xisthenumberofsuccesses,andpisthepossibilityofsuccessonanyonetrial.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments,exceptcumulative,whichacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.

Example

Ababycanbeeithermaleorfemale;forthisexample,assumetheoddsare50/50thatababyiseithermaleorfemale.IffemaleequalsTRUE,wecanusethefollowingtodeterminetheprobabilityofthenext5babiesin10bornbeingfemale.Theprobabilityofthefirstbabybeingfemaleis0.5,andtheprobabilityofexactly5of10babiesbornbeingfemaleis:

BINOM.DIST(5,10,0.5,FALSE)givestheresult0.24609375

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BINOMDIST

BINOM.DIST.RANGE

Thisfunctionusesbinomialdistributiontocalculatetheprobabilityofatrialresult.

Syntax

BINOM.DIST.RANGE(N,p,s,s2)

Arguments

Argument DescriptionN Referstothenumberrepresentingthenumberofindependenttrials.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,

thenumberistruncated.

p Referstotheprobabilityofsuccessoneachtrial.Thevalueofthisnumbermustliebetween0and1

s Referstothenumberrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesintrials.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

s2 [Optional]Referstotheprobabilitythatnumberofsuccessfultrialswillfallbetweensands2.ThisvaluemustbegreaterthanorequaltosandlessthanorequaltoN.

Remarks

Allthenumericargumentsinthisfunctionwillbetruncatedtointegers.

Iftheargumentspassedarenotnumericvaluesorthevaluesdonotliewithintheconstraints,thisfunctionwillreturnanerror.

DataTypes

Examples

BINOM.DIST.RANGE(50,0.35,28)givestheresult0.00116

BINOM.DIST.RANGE(30,0.25,15,25)givestheresult0.00274

VersionAvailable

BINOM.INV

Thisfunctionreturnsthecriterionbinomial,thesmallestvalueforwhichthecumulativebinomialdistributionisgreaterthanorequaltoacriterionvalue.

Syntax

BINOM.INV(n,p,alpha)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionn Numberoftrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

alpha Alpha,valueforthecriterion

DataTypes

Examples

BINOM.INV(B5,0.75,0.92)

BINOM.INV(R5C2,R8C14,0.75)

BINOM.INV(14,0.75,0.85)givestheresult14

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BINOMDIST

Thisfunctioncalculatestheindividualtermbinomialdistributionprobability.

Syntax

BINOMDIST(x,n,p,cumulative)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Numberrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesintrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

n Numberrepresentingthenumberofindependenttrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

cumulative Logicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction;ifTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction,whichistheprobabilitythatthereareatmostxsuccesses;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction,whichistheprobabilitythattherearexsuccesses

Remarks

Usethisfunctioninproblemswithafixednumberoftestsortrials,whentherearetwomutuallyexclusivepossibleoutcomes(a"success"anda"failure"),whentrialsareindependent,andwhentheprobabilityofoneoutcomeisconstantthroughouttheexperiment.Thisfunctioncan,forexample,calculatetheprobabilitythattwoofthenextthreebabiesbornaremale.

Thebinomialprobabilitymassfunctioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherexisthenumberofsuccesses,nisthenumberoftrials,andpistheprobabilityofsuccessonanyonetrial.Thecumulativebinomialdistributioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherenisthenumberoftrials,xisthenumberofsuccesses,andpisthepossibilityofsuccessonanyonetrial.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments,exceptcumulative,whichacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.

Example

Ababycanbeeithermaleorfemale;forthesakeofthisexample,assumetheoddsare50/50thatababyiseithermaleorfemale.IffemaleequalsTRUE,wecanusethefollowingtodeterminetheprobabilityofthenext5babiesin10bornbeingfemale.Theprobabilityofthefirstbabybeingfemaleis0.5,andtheprobabilityofexactly5of10babiesbornbeingfemaleis:

BINOMDIST(5,10,0.5,FALSE)givestheresult0.2460937500

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BITAND

ThisfunctioncalculatesbitwiseANDofthetwospecifiedvalues.

Syntax

BITAND(value1, value2)

Arguments

Fortheargumentsofthisfunction,bothvaluesmustbeindecimalformandgreaterthanorequalto0.

Remarks

Inthisfunction,ifthevaluesofbothparameter'sbitsatsamepositionis1onlythenthevalueofeachbitpositioniscounted.

DataTypes

Acceptsdataindecimalform.Returnsdataindecimalform.

Examples

BITAND(3,6)givestheresult2.

BITAND(4,5)givestheresult4.

VersionAvailable

BITLSHIFT

Thisfunctioncalculatesthevalueshiftedleftbythespecifiednumberofbits.

Syntax

BITLSHIFT(value, shift_amt)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalue Referstoavaluethatyouwanttoshift.

shift_amt Referstoanumberofbitstobeshiftedby.

Remarks

Shiftinganumberleftissimilartoaddingzeros(0)atrightendofthebinaryrepresentationofthatnumber.Ifshift_amtisanegativenumber,thenthevaluewillbeshiftedtoright.

DataTypes

Examples

BITLSHIFT(3,5)givestheresult96.

BITLSHIFT(1,4)givestheresult16.

VersionAvailable

ThisfunctioncalculatesthebitwiseORoftwospecifiednumbers.

Syntax

BITOR(value1, value2)

Arguments

Remarks

Inthisfunction,ifvalueofanyparameter'sbitsatsamepositionis1onlythenthevalueofeachbitpositioniscounted.

DataTypes

Acceptsdecimalformofdata.Returnsdecimalformofdata.

Examples

BITOR(22,4)givestheresult22.

BITOR(6,3)givestheresult7.

VersionAvailable

BITRSHIFT

Thisfunctioncalculatesthevalueshiftedrightbyspecifiednumberofbits.

Syntax

BITRSHIFT(value, shift_amt)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalue Referstothevaluethatyouwanttoshift.

shift_amt Referstothenumberofbitstobeshiftedby.

Remarks

Shiftinganumberrightissimilartoremovingdigitsfromrightendofthebinaryrepresentationofthenumber.Ifshift_amtisanegativenumber,thenvaluewillbeshiftedtoleft.

DataTypes

Examples

BITRSHIFT(5,2)givestheresult1.

BITRSHIFT(15,2)givestheresult3.

VersionAvailable

BITXOR

ThisfunctionreturnsbitwiseXORofthetwospecifiednumbers.

Syntax

BITXOR(value1, value2)

Arguments

Remarks

Inthisfunction,ifvalueofanyparameter'sbitsatsamepositionisnotequalonlythenthevalueofeachbitpositioniscounted.

DataTypes

Acceptsdecimalformofdata.Returnsdecimalformofdata.

Examples

BITXOR(6,2)givestheresult4.

BITXOR(8,3)givestheresult11.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctioncallsaprocedure/functiondefinedinaDLLtotheworksheetcell.

Syntax

CALL(register_id, [argument1],...)

CALL(module_text, procedure, type_text, [argument1],...)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionregister_id ReferstothedataspecifyingthereturnedvalueafterexecutingREGISTERorREGISTER.ID

function.

module_text ReferstothestringdataspecifyingthenameoftheDLLthatcontainsthefunction.

procedure Referstothestringdataspecifyingthenameofthefunctiontobecalled.

type_text Referstothedataspecifyingthedatatypesofallargumentsandofthereturnvalue.

argument1,... [Optional]Referstothedataspecifyingdifferentargumentstobepassedtoprocedure.

Remarks

Ifthisfunctionisusedincorrectly,itmaycausethecomputertorestart.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdata.

Examples

CALL("D:\sum2.dll","Sum2","J")

CALL(B10)whereB10isthecellreferencecontainingtheRegisterfunction.

VersionAvailable

CEILING

Thisfunctionroundsanumberuptothenearestmultipleofaspecifiedvalue.

Syntax

CEILING(value,signif)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalue Numbertoround

signif Numberrepresentingtheroundingfactor

Remarks

Useeitherbothpositiveorbothnegativenumbersforthearguments.Regardlessofthesignofthenumbers,thevalueisroundedawayfromzero.

DataTypes

Examples

CEILING(C4,B2)

CEILING(B3,0.05)

CEILING(R4C3,1)

CEILING(4.65,2) gives the result 6

CEILING(-2.78,-1) gives the result -3

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FLOOR|EVEN|ODD|TRUNC|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

CEILING.MATH

Thisfunctionroundsanumberuptothenearestmultipleofaspecifiedvalueorthenearestinteger.

Syntax

CEILING.PRECISE(value,signif)

Arguments

DataTypes

Examples

CEILING.PRECISE(C4,B2)

CEILING.PRECISE(B3,0.05)

CEILING.PRECISE(R4C3,1)

CEILING.PRECISE(4.65,2)givestheresult6

CEILING.PRECISE(-2.78,-1)givestheresult-3

VersionAvailable

CEILING.PRECISE

Thisfunctionroundsanumberuptothenearestmultipleofaspecifiedvalueorthenearestinteger.

Syntax

CEILING.PRECISE(value,signif)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

CEILING.PRECISE(C4,B2)

CEILING.PRECISE(B3,0.05)

CEILING.PRECISE(R4C3,1)

CEILING.PRECISE(4.65,2)givestheresult6

CEILING.PRECISE(-2.78,-1)givestheresult-3

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionevaluatesinformationabouttheformatting,location,orcontentsofacell.

Syntax

CELL(info,reference)

Arguments

Argument Descriptioninfo Referstoatextvaluethatspecifieswhattypeofcellinformationtoreturn.Thisargumentisrequired.

reference Referstothecelltogetinformationabout.Thisargumentisoptional.

Theinfoargumenthasthefollowingoptions.

Option Returnsaddress Thefirstcellreference,astext.

col Thecolumnnumberofthecell.

color Thevalue1ifthecellisformattedincolorfornegativevalues;otherwise,returns0(zero).

contents Thevalueoftheupper-leftcellinthereference.

filename Afilename(includingfullpath)ofthefilethatcontainsthereference.

format Atextvaluethatcorrespondstothenumberformatofthecell(asshowninthefollowingtable).

parentheses Thevalue1ifthecellisformattedwithparenthesesforpositiveorallvalues;otherwise,returns0.

prefix Atextvaluethatcorrespondstothelabelprefixforthecell.Ifthecellcontainsleft-alignedtext,asinglequotationmark(')isreturned.Ifthecellcontainsright-alignedtext,adoublequotationmark(")isreturned.Ifthetextiscentered,acaret(^)isreturned.Abackslash(\)isreturnedifthetextisfillalignedandemptytextisreturnedifthecellcontainsanythingelse.

protect Thevalue0isreturnedifthecellisnotlockedand1isreturnedifthecellislocked.

row Therownumberofthecell.

type Atextvaluethatcorrespondstothetypeofdatainthecell("b"ifempty,"i"ifthecellcontainsatextconstant,and"v"ifthecellcontainsanythingelse).

width Thecolumnwidthofthecell.

Thefollowingitemsarereturnedwhenusingtheformatoption.

Format ReturnsGeneral "G"

0 "F0"

#,##0 ",0"

0.00 "F2"

#,##0.00 ",2"

$#,##0_);($#,##0) "C0"

$#,##0_);[Red]($#,##0) "C0-"

$#,##0.00_);($#,##0.00) "C2"

$#,##0.00_);[Red]($#,##0.00) "C2-"

0% "P0"

0.00% "P2"

0.00E+00 "S2"

#?/?or#??/?? "G"

m/d/yyorm/d/yyh:mmormm/dd/yy "D4"

d-mmm-yyordd-mmm-yy "D1"

d-mmmordd-mmm "D2"

mmm-yy "D3"

mm/dd "D5"

h:mmAM/PM "D7"

h:mm:ssAM/PM "D6"

h:mm "D9"

h:mm:ss "D8"

Remarks

Ifthereferenceargumentisarangeofcells,thisfunctiononlyreturnsinformationfortheupperleftcelloftherange.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringornumericdata.Returnsnumericorstringdata.

Examples

CELL("row",A10)givestheresult10(10isthenumberofcellA10).

CELL("type",B5)returnsthedatatypeoftheinformationcontainedinthecellB5.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthecharacterspecifiedbyanumber.

Syntax

CHAR(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,useanumberbetween1and255specifyingwhichcharacteryouwantfromtheWindowscharacterset(ANSI).

DataTypes

Examples

CHAR(B2)

CHAR(R2C2)

CHAR(66) gives the result B

CHAR(218) gives the result Ú

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CHIDIST

Thisfunctioncalculatestheone-tailedprobabilityofthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHIDIST(value,deg)

Arguments

deg Numberofdegreesoffreedom;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

DataTypes

Examples

CHIDIST(B5,D7)

CHIDIST(R5C2,R7C4)

CHIDIST(6.7,4) gives the result 0.1526169403

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CHIINV|CHITEST|StatisticalFunctions

CHIINV

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheone-tailedprobabilityofthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHIINV(prob,deg)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthechi-squareddistribution

DataTypes

Examples

CHIINV(B5,D7)

CHIINV(R5C2,R7C4)

CHIINV(0.75,4) gives the result 1.9225575262

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CHIDIST|CHITEST|StatisticalFunctions

CHISQ.DIST

Thisfunctioncalculatesthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHISQ.DIST(value,deg,cumulative)

Arguments

cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitydensityfunction

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforvalueanddegarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

CHISQ.DIST(B5,D7,TRUE)

CHISQ.DIST(R5C2,R7C4,TRUE)

CHISQ.DIST(6.7,4,TRUE)givestheresult0.8473830596613241

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CHISQ.TEST

CHISQ.DIST.RT

Thisfunctioncalculatestheright-tailedprobabilityofthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHISQ.DIST.RT(value,deg)

Arguments

Remarks

The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifeitherargumentisnonnumeric.

DataTypes

Examples

CHISQ.DIST.RT(B5,D7)

CHISQ.DIST.RT(R5C2,R7C4)

CHISQ.DIST.RT(6.7,4)givestheresult0.15261694033867584

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CHISQ.DIST

CHISQ.INV

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheleft-tailedprobabilityofthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHISQ.INV(prob,deg)

Arguments

Remarks

Iftheargumentisnonnumeric,thefunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.

DataTypes

Examples

CHISQ.INV(B5,D7)

CHISQ.INV(R5C2,R7C4)

CHISQ.INV(0.75,4)givestheresult5.385269057779394

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CHISQ.DIST

CHISQ.INV.RT

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheright-tailedprobabilityofthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHISQ.INV.RT(prob,deg)

Arguments

Remarks

The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifeitherargumentisnonnumeric.

DataTypes

Examples

CHISQ.INV.RT(B5,D7)

CHISQ.INV.RT(R5C2,R7C4)

CHISQ.INV.RT(0.75,4)givestheresult1.9225575262293264

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CHISQ.DIST

CHISQ.TEST

Thisfunctioncalculatesthetestforindependencefromthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHISQ.TEST(obs_array,exp_array)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionobs_array Arrayofobservedvaluestotestagainstexpectedvalues

exp_array Arrayofexpectedvaluesagainstwhichtotestobservedvalues

Remarks

Thearraysintheargumentsmustbeofthesamesize.

DataTypes

Acceptsarraysofnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

CHISQ.TEST(B1:C8,B12:C19)

CHISQ.TEST(R1C2:R8C3,R12C2:R19C3)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CHISQ.DIST

CHITEST

Thisfunctioncalculatesthetestforindependencefromthechi-squareddistribution.

Syntax

CHITEST(obs_array,exp_array)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionobs_array Arrayofobservedvaluestotestagainstexpectedvalues

exp_array Arrayofexpectedvaluesagainstwhichtotestobservedvalues

Thearraysintheargumentsmustbeofthesamesize.

DataTypes

Examples

CHITEST(B1:C8,B12:C19)

CHITEST(R1C2:R8C3,R12C2:R19C3)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CHIDIST|CHIINV|AVERAGE|StatisticalFunctions

CHOOSE

Thisfunctionreturnsavaluefromalistofvalues.

Syntax

CHOOSE(index,value1,value2,...)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionindex Indexofthespecifiedvaluestoreturn;anintegervaluebetween1and255

value1,etc. Valuesfromwhichtochoose;canhaveupto255values;canbenumbers,cellreferences,cellranges,definednames,formulas,functions,ortext

Thevalueargumentscanberangereferencesaswellassinglevalues.Forexample,theformula:

SUM(CHOOSE(2,A1:A25,B1:B10,C1:C5))

evaluatesto:

SUM(B1:B10)

whichthenreturnsavaluebasedonthevaluesintherangeB1:B10.

Remarks

Thisfunctionisevaluatedfirst,returningthereferenceB1:B10.TheSUMfunctionisthenevaluatedusingB1:B10.

DataTypes

Theindexargumentacceptsnumericdata.Thevalueargumentsacceptanydata.Returnsthetypeofdataofthespecifiedvalue.

Examples

CHOOSE(3,A1,B1,C1,D1,E1) gives the result C1

CHOOSE(3,R1C1,R1C2,R1C3,R1C4,R1C5) gives the result R1C3

CHOOSE(2,"dogs","birds","fish","cats","mice") gives the result birds

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

INDEX|SUM|LookupFunctions

Thisfunctionremovesallnon-printablecharactersfromtext.

Syntax

CLEAN(text)

Arguments

Thetextargumentisanydatafromwhichyouwanttoremovenon-printablecharacters.

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontoremovetextthatcontainscharactersthatmightnotprintwithyouroperatingsystem.Forexample,youcanusethisfunctiontoremovesomelow-levelcomputercode,whichisfrequentlyatthebeginningandendofdatafilesandcannotbeprinted

DataTypes

Example

Inthisexample,CHR(7)returnsanon-printablecharacter

CLEAN(CHAR(7)&"text"&CHAR(7))givestheresulttext

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

TRIM|SUBSTITUTE|TextFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsanumericcodetorepresentthefirstcharacterinatextstring.ThereturnedcodecorrespondstotheWindowscharacterset(ANSI).

Syntax

CODE(text)

Arguments

Theargumentisthetextfromwhichyouwanttodeterminethecodeofthefirstcharacter.

DataTypes

Examples

CODE(H6)

CODE(R6C8)

CODE(""B"") gives the result 66

CODE(""Buffalo"") gives the result 66

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CHAR|TextFunctions

COLUMN

Thisfunctionreturnsthecolumnnumberofareference.

Syntax

COLUMN(reference)

Arguments

Theargumentisacellorasinglearea.

Remarks

Ifthereferenceisomitted,thereferenceofthecellthatthefunctionisinisused.

DataTypes

Acceptscellreferences.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

COLUMN(A9) gives the result 1

COLUMN(A1:A5) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ROWS|INDEX|LookupFunctions

COLUMNS

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofcolumnsinanarray.

Syntax

COLUMNS(array)

Arguments

Theargumentisanarray,anarrayformula,orarangeofcells.

DataTypes

Acceptscellreferencesorarray.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

COLUMNS(B6:D12) gives the result 3

COLUMNS(R6C2:R12C4) gives the result 3

COLUMNS($B$8:$H$8) gives the result 7

COLUMNS(R[2]C[1]:R[3]C[8]) gives the result 8

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ROWS|INDEX|LookupFunctions

COMBIN

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofpossiblecombinationsforaspecifiednumberofitems.

Syntax

COMBIN(k,n)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionk Numberrepresentingthenumberofitems;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated;mustbe

positiveandgreaterthanorequalton

n Numberofitemsineachpossiblepermutation;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated;mustbepositive

Remarks

Acombinationisanysetorsubsetofitems,regardlessoftheinternalorderoftheitems.Contrastwithpermutation(thePERMUTfunction).

Thenumberofcombinationsiscalculatedasfollows:

DataTypes

Examples

COMBIN(C4,B2)

COMBIN(B3,5)

COMBIN(R1C2,2)

COMBIN(8,2) gives the result 28

COMBIN(100,3) gives the result 161700

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PERMUT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

COMBINA

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofpossiblecombinations(alongwithrepetitions)forthespecifiednumberofitems.

Syntax

COMBINA(Value, Value_chosen)

Arguments

Argument DescriptionValue Referstothenumberrepresentingthenumberofitems.Thisvaluemustbepositiveandgreaterthan

orequaltothesecondargumenti.e.Value_chosen.

Value_chosen Referstothenumberofitemsineachpossiblecombination.Thisvaluemustbepositive.

Remarks

ThefollowingequationisusedtocalculatetheCOMBINAfunction:

(Value+Value_chosen-1)/(Value-1)

DataTypes

Examples

COMBINA(5,4)givestheresult70.

VersionAvailable

COMPLEX

Thisfunctionconvertsrealandimaginarycoefficientsintoacomplexnumber.

Syntax

COMPLEX(realcoeff,imagcoeff,suffix)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionrealcoeff Coefficientoftherealpartofthecomplexnumber

imagcoeff Coefficientoftheimaginarypartofthecomplexnumber

suffix (Optional)Suffixoftheimaginarypartofthecomplexnumber,maybeeither"i"or"j".Ifomitted,"i"isused.

Remarks

Forthesuffix,uselowercasefor"i"and"j"topreventerrors.

Anerrorisreturnediftherealorimaginarycoefficientsarenon-numeric.

Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

COMPLEX(3,5)

COMPLEX(3,5,"j")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IMAGINARY|IMREAL|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

CONCAT

Thisfunctionjoinsthetextfetchedfrommultiplestrings.

Syntax

CONCAT(textvalue1, textvalue2,...)

Arguments

textvalue1 Referstoatextstring,orarrayofstrings,tobejoined.

textvalue2 [Optional]Referstotheadditionaltextstringstobejoined.

Remarks

Therecanbeamaximumof253textitemsinarguments(includingtextvalue1).

Intheresult,thisfunctionneverincludesthedelimiter(spaces,ampersandsetc.)betweeneachtextvalueandnevereliminatestheemptyarguments.

DataTypes

Examples

CONCAT(Riot,",",Pauler)givestheresultRiotPauler.

VersionAvailable

CONCATENATE

Thisfunctioncombinesmultipletextstringsornumbersintoonetextstring.

Syntax

CONCATENATE(text1,text2,...)

Arguments

Theargumentscanbestrings,formulasthatreturnastring,orreferencestocellscontainingastring.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforbotharguments.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

CONCATENATE(B4,D5)

CONCATENATE(R4C2,R5C4)

CONCATENATE(""Gold "", ""Medal"") gives the result Gold Medal

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CHAR|EXACT|TextFunctions

CONFIDENCE

Thisfunctionreturnstheconfidenceintervalforapopulationmean.

Syntax

CONFIDENCE(alpha,stdev,size)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionalpha Alpha,significancelevelusedincalculatingconfidencelevel,whereconfidencelevelis100times

(1-alpha)%

stdev Populationstandarddeviationfortherange

size Numberrepresentingthesizeofthesample;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

DataTypes

Examples

CONFIDENCE(0.5,B4,D5)

CONFIDENCE(0.5,R4C2,R5C4)

CONFIDENCE(0.05,3.5,150) gives the result 0.560106363

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVERAGE|CHITEST|StatisticalFunctions

CONFIDENCE.NORM

Syntax

CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha,stdev,size)

Arguments

(1-alpha)%

Remarks

The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.The#NUM!errorvalueisreturnedifsize<1.

DataTypes

Examples

CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.5,B4,D5)

CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.5,R4C2,R5C4)

CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.05,3.5,150)givestheresult0.5601063629983405

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CONFIDENCE

CONFIDENCE.T

Syntax

CONFIDENCE.T(alpha,stdev,size)

Arguments

(1-alpha)%

Remarks

ThefunctionusesaStudent'stdistribution.Ifsize=1,thefunctionreturnsa#DIV/0!errorvalue.Ifanyargumentisnonnumeric,thefunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.

DataTypes

Examples

CONFIDENCE.T(0.5,B4,D5)

CONFIDENCE.T(0.5,R4C2,R5C4)

CONFIDENCE.T(0.05,3.5,150)givestheresult0.5646928012079743

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CONFIDENCE

CONVERT

Thisfunctionconvertsanumberfromonemeasurementsystemtoitsequivalentinanothermeasurementsystem.

Syntax

CONVERT(number,from-unit,to-unit)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Numericvaluetoconvert

from-unit Convertibleunits(seetablebelow)ofnumericvaluetoconvert

to-unit Convertibleunits(seetablebelow)ofdesiredresult

Remarks

Inthiscontextameasurementsystemisasetofunitsfordifferenttypesofmeasurements.Thisfunctionconvertsanumberwithonesetofunitstoanumberindifferentsetofunits.

Anerrorvalueisreturnediftheconvertibleunits(from-unitandto-unit)areinvalidorarefromdifferentcategoriesofunittypes(differenttablesbelow).

Thefollowingtableslisttheconvertibleunitsbytheirunittype:

WeightandMassUnitType ConvertibleUnitsGram "g"

Slug "sg"

Pound Mass "lbm"

OunceMass "ozm"

DistanceUnitType ConvertibleUnitsMeter "m"

Statute mile "mi"

Nautical mile "Nmi"

Inch "in"

Foot "ft"

Yard "yd"

Angstrom "ang"

Pica(1/72in.) "Pica"

TimeUnitType ConvertibleUnitsYear "yr"

Day "day"

Hour "hr"

Minute "mn"

Second "sec"

PressureUnitType ConvertibleUnitsPascal "Pa"

Atmosphere "atm"

mm of Mercury "mmHg"

ForceUnitType ConvertibleUnitsNewton "N"

Dyne "dyn"

Poundforce "lbf"

EnergyUnitType ConvertibleUnitsJoule "J"

Erg "e"

Thermodynamiccalorie "c"

ITcalorie "cal"

Electronvolt "eV"

Horsepower-hour "Hph"

Watt-hour "Wh"

Foot-pound "flb"

BTU "BTU"

PowerUnitType ConvertibleUnitsHorsepower "HP"

Watt "W"

MagnetismUnitType ConvertibleUnitsTesla "T"

Gauss "ga"

TemperatureUnitType ConvertibleUnitsDegreeCelsius "C"

Degree Fahrenheit "F"

DegreeKelvin "K"

LiquidMeasureUnitType ConvertibleUnitsTeaspoon "tsp"

Tablespoon "tbs"

Fluidounce "oz"

Cup "cup"

U.S.pint "pt"

U.K.pint "uk_pt"

Quart "qt"

Gallon "gal"

Liter "l"

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericandstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

CONVERT(68,"F","C")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

OCT2BIN|HEX2DEC|DEC2OCT|EngineeringFunctions

CORREL

Thisfunctionreturnsthecorrelationcoefficientofthetwosetsofdata.

Syntax

CORREL(array1,array2)

Arguments

Thetwoarraysofdataintheargumentsofthisfunctionshouldmeetthesecriteria:

Thedatashouldcontainnumbers,names,ranges,orreferencesthatarenumeric.Ifsomecellsdonotcontainnumericdata,theyareignored.Thearraysshouldbethesamesize,withthesamenumberofdatapoints.Thearraysshouldnotbeempty,norshouldthestandarddeviationoftheirvaluesequalzero.

DataTypes

Examples

CORREL(C1:C10,D1:D10)

CORREL(R1C3:R10C3,R1C4:R10C4)

CORREL({5,10,15,20,25},{4,8,16,32,64}) gives the result 0.9332565253

CORREL({73000,45000,40360},{42,70,40}) gives the result -0.3261046660

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COVAR|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthecosineofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

COS(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthecosine.

Remarks

Iftheangleisindegrees,multiplyitbyPI/180toconvertittoradians.

DataTypes

Examples

COS(B2)

COS(R1C3)

COS(45*PI()/180) gives the result 0.7071067812

COS(RADIANS(30))

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ACOS|ACOSH|COSH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperboliccosineofthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

COSH(value)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.

DataTypes

Examples

COSH(B3)

COSH(R1C2)

COSH(4) gives the result 27.3082328360

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ACOSH|COS|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthecotangentofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

COT(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthecotangent.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

COT(60)givestheresult3.1246

COT(35)givestheresult2.1105

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperboliccotangentofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

COTH(angle)

Arguments

Remarks

Theabsolutevalueofanglemustbelessthan2^27.

DataTypes

Examples

COTH(45)givestheresult1.

COTH(90)givestheresult1.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofcellsthatcontainnumbers.

Syntax

COUNT(value1,value2,...)

COUNT(array)

Arguments

Theargumentsmaybeseparatevaluesoranarrayofvalues.Upto255argumentsofindividualcellsmaybeincluded.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncountsthenumberofcellsthatcontainnumbersinthespecifiedcellrange.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromCOUNTAwhichalsoincludestextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumbers.

DataTypes

Examples

COUNT(B2,B5,B8,D5,D8)

COUNT(A1:G5)

COUNT(R6C3:R9C4,2)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COUNTA|StatisticalFunctions

COUNTA

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofnumberofcellsthatcontainnumbers,text,orlogicalvalues.

Syntax

COUNTA(value1,value2,...)

COUNTA(array)

Arguments

Theargumentsmaybeseparatevaluesoranarrayofvalues.Upto255argumentsofindividualcellsmaybeincluded.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncountsthenumberofnon-emptycellsinthespecifiedcellrange.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromCOUNTbecauseitincludestextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumbers.

DataTypes

Examples

COUNTA(B2,D2,E4,E5,E6)

COUNTA(A1:G5)

COUNTA(R6C3:R9C4)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COUNT|StatisticalFunctions

COUNTBLANK

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofempty(orblank)cellsinarangeofcellsonasheet.

Syntax

COUNTBLANK(cellrange)

Arguments

Thisfunctiontakesacellrangereferenceorarrayasanargument.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncountsthenumberofemptyorblankcellsinthespecifiedcellrangeononesheet.Thisfunctiondoesnotcountcellscontaininganemptystring"".Acellisemptyifthecell'sValueisnull(NothinginVB).Notethatthereisadifferencebeingacell'sValuebeingnullandacell'sValuebeingtheemptystring"".Forexample,considerthefollowingSpreadcodeinC#:

spread.Sheets[0].Cells[0,0].Value=null;//empty

spread.Sheets[0].Cells[1,0].Value="";//string

spread.Sheets[0].Cells[2,0].Value="abc";//string

spread.Sheets[0].Cells[3,0].Value=123.0;//number

spread.Sheets[0].Cells[4,0].Formula="COUNTBLANK(A1:A4)";

TheformulaincellA5evaluatesto1becausecellA1istheonlycellintherangeA1:A4thatisempty.

Note:Spread'simplementationoffunctionsgenerallytriestofollowthebehaviorfoundinpopularspreadsheetapplications.However,notalltheseapplicationsagreewhethertheemptystring""shouldbetreatedthesameasanemptycell.InSpread,boththeCOUNTBLANKandISBLANKfunctionsconsistentlytreattheemptystring""differentlythananemptycell.

DataTypes

Acceptscellrangereference.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

COUNTBLANK(A1:G5)

COUNTBLANK(R6C3:R9C4)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COUNTIF|ISBLANK|TYPE|InformationFunctions

COUNTIF

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofcellsthatmeetacertaincondition.

Syntax

COUNTIF(cellrange,condition)

Arguments

Argument Descriptioncellrange Rangeofcellstocount;cellrangereference

condition Conditionthatdetermineswhichcellsarecounted,asatext,number,orexpression(whereexpressionsusetherelationaloperatorsdetailedinOperatorsinaFormula)

DataTypes

Examples

COUNTIF(A1:G5,"test")

COUNTIF(R6C3:R9C4,"<2")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COUNT|COUNTA|COUNTBLANK|SUMIF|StatisticalFunctions

COUNTIFS

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofcellsthatmeetmultipleconditions.

Syntax

COUNTIFS(cellrange,condition)

Arguments

Argument Descriptioncellrange Rangeofcellstocount;cellrangereference

condition Conditionthatdetermineswhichcellsarecounted,asatext,number,orexpression(whereexpressionsusetherelationaloperatorsdetailedinOperatorsinaFormula)

DataTypes

Examples

COUNTIFS(A1:G5,"test",B3:D3,"=Yes")

COUNTIFS(R6C3:R9C4,"<2")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COUNT|COUNTA|COUNTBLANK|SUMIF|StatisticalFunctions

COUPDAYBS

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofdaysfromthebeginningofthecouponperiodtothesettlementdate.

Syntax

COUPDAYBS(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionsettlement Settlementdateforthesecurity

maturity Maturitydateforthesecurity

frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofcouponpaymentsperyear;mustbe1,2,or4

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsanerrorifsettlementormaturityisinvalid(#VALUE!),oriffrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4(#NUM!).Allargumentsaretruncatedtointegers.Ifbasisisgreaterthan4orlessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettlementisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

COUPDAYBS(A1,A2,A3,A4)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COUPDAYS|FinancialFunctions

COUPDAYS

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofdaysinthecouponperiodthatcontainsthesettlementdate.

Syntax

COUPDAYS(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

COUPDAYS(A1,A2,A3,A4)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COUPDAYBS|DURATION|FinancialFunctions

COUPDAYSNC

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofdaysfromthesettlementdatetothenextcoupondate.

Syntax

COUPDAYSNC(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

COUPDAYSNC(A1,A2,A3,A4)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COUPDAYS|COUPDAYBS|FinancialFunctions

COUPNCD

Thisfunctionreturnsadatenumberofthenextcoupondateafterthesettlementdate.

Syntax

COUPNCD(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

COUPNCD(A1,A2,A3,A4)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COUPPCD|FinancialFunctions

COUPNUM

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofcouponsduebetweenthesettlementdateandmaturitydate.

Syntax

COUPNUM(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

COUPNUM(A1,A2,A3,A4)

COUPNUM(R6C3:R9C4)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COUPDAYS|FinancialFunctions

COUPPCD

Thisfunctionreturnsadatenumberofthepreviouscoupondatebeforethesettlementdate.

Syntax

COUPPCD(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

COUPPCD(B1,B2,B3,B4)

COUPPCD(R6C3,R9C4,R1C1,R2C2)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COUPNCD|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthecovariance,whichistheaverageoftheproductsofdeviationsforeachdatapointpairintwosetsofnumbers.

Syntax

COVAR(array1,array2)

Arguments

Thedatashouldcontainnumbers,names,arrays,orreferencesthatarenumeric.Ifsomecellsdonotcontainnumericdata,theyareignored.Thedatasetsshouldbethesamesize,withthesamenumberofdatapoints.Thedatasetsshouldnotbeempty,norshouldthestandarddeviationoftheirvaluesequalzero.

Remarks

Usethiscovariancefunctiontodeterminetherelationshipbetweentwosetsofdata.Forexample,youcanexaminewhethergreaterincomeaccompaniesgreaterlevelsofeducationinapopulation.

Thecovarianceiscalculatedasfollows,wherenisthesizeofthearraysandmuisthemean.

DataTypes

Examples

COVAR(J2:J5,L2:L5)

COVAR(R2C12:R15C12,R2C14:R15C14)

COVAR({7,5,6},{7,4,4}) gives the result 1

COVAR({5,10,15,20,25},{4,8,16,32,64}) gives the result 144

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CORREL|VAR|StatisticalFunctions

COVARIANCE.P

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthepopulationcovariance,whichistheaverageoftheproductsofdeviationsforeachdatapointpairintwosetsofnumbers.

Syntax

COVARIANCE.P(array1,array2)

Arguments

Remarks

Usethiscovariancefunctiontodeterminetherelationshipbetweentwosetsofdata.Forexample,youcandeterminewhethergreaterincomeaccompaniesgreaterlevelsofeducationinapopulation.

Thecovarianceiscalculatedasfollows,wherenandyarethesamplemeans,AVERAGE(array1)andAVERAGE(array2),andnisthesamplesize.

DataTypes

Examples

COVARIANCE.P(J2:J5,L2:L5)

COVARIANCE.P(R2C12:R15C12,R2C14:R15C14)

COVARIANCE.P({7,5,6},{7,4,4})givestheresult1

COVARIANCE.P({5,10,15,20,25},{4,8,16,32,64})givestheresult144

VersionAvailable

COVARIANCE.S

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthesamplecovariance,whichistheaverageoftheproductsofdeviationsforeachdatapointpairintwosetsofnumbers.

Syntax

COVARIANCE.S(array1,array2)

Arguments

Remarks

Usethiscovariancefunctiontodeterminetherelationshipbetweentwosetsofdata.Forexample,youcandeterminewhethergreaterincomeaccompaniesgreaterlevelsofeducation.

DataTypes

Examples

COVARIANCE.S(J2:J5,L2:L5)

COVARIANCE.S(R2C12:R15C12,R2C14:R15C14)

COVARIANCE.S({7,5,6},{7,4,4})givestheresult1.5

COVARIANCE.S({5,10,15,20,25},{4,8,16,32,64})givestheresult180

VersionAvailable

CRITBINOM

Thisfunctionreturnsthecriterionbinomial,thesmallestvalueforwhichthecumulativebinomialdistributionisgreaterthanorequaltoacriterionvalue.

Syntax

CRITBINOM(n,p,alpha)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionn Numberoftrials;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

alpha Alpha,valueforthecriterion

DataTypes

Examples

CRITBINOM(B5,0.75,0.92)

CRITBINOM(R5C2,R8C14,0.75)

CRITBINOM(14,0.75,0.85) gives the result 12

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BINOMDIST|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthecosecantofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

CSC(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthecosecant.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

CSC(40)givestheresult1.555

CSC(15)givestheresult3.863

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperboliccosecantofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

CSCH(angle)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

CSCH(45)givestheresult1.414

CSCH(2.5)givestheresult0.165

VersionAvailable

Functions D to G

FunctionsDtoG

DATE DATEDIF DATEVALUE DAVERAGE

DAY DAYS DAYS360 DB

DBCS DCOUNT DCOUNTA DDB

DEC2BIN DEC2HEX DEC2OCT DECIMAL

DEGREES DELTA DEVSQ DGET

DISC DMAX DMIN DOLLAR

DOLLARDE DOLLARFR DPRODUCT DSTDEV

DSTDEVP DSUM DURATION DVAR

DVARP EDATE EFFECT ENCODEURL

EOMONTH ERF ERF.PRECISE ERFC

ERFC.PRECISE ERROR.TYPE ERRORTYPE EUROCONVERT

EVEN EXACT EXP EXPON.DIST

EXPONDIST F.DIST F.DIST.RT F.INV

F.INV.RT F.TEST FACT FACTDOUBLE

FALSE FDIST FILTER FILTERXML

FIND FINDB FINV FISHER

FISHERINV FIXED FLOOR FLOOR.MATH

FLOOR.PRECISE FORECAST FORECAST.LINEAR FORMULATEXT

FREQUENCY FTEST FV FVSCHEDULE

GAMMA GAMMA.DIST GAMMA.INV GAMMADIST

GAMMAINV GAMMALN GAMMALN.PRECISE GAUSS

GCD GEOMEAN GESTEP GROWTH

Thisfunctionreturnstheserialdatevalueforaparticulardate,specifiedbytheyear,month,andday.

Syntax

DATE(year,month,day)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionyear Numberrepresentingtheyear,from1to9999,usingfourdigits;ifnotinteger,numberistruncated

month Numberrepresentingthemonthoftheyear;ifnotinteger,numberistruncated

day Numberrepresentingthedayofthemonth;ifnotinteger,numberistruncated

Ifmonthisgreaterthan12,thenmonthincrementsbythenumberofmonthsover12andtheyearadvances,ifneeded.Forexample,DATE(2003,16,2)returnstheserialnumber38079representingApril2,2004.

Ifdayisgreaterthanthenumberofdaysinthespecifiedmonth,thendayincrementsthenumberofdaysfromthefirstdayofthenextmonth.Forexample,DATE(2004,1,35)returnstheserialnumber38021representingFebruary4,2004.

Ifvaluesfortheargumentsarenotintegers,anydecimalplacesaretruncated.Negativevaluesformonthsaretakenfromtheyearintopreviousyears.Negativevaluesfordaysaretakenfromthemonthintopreviousmonths.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Returnstheserialnumberofthedate.

Examples

DATE(A1,B1,C1)

DATE(R1C1,R1C2,R1C3)

DATE(2019,1,1) gives the result 43466 which can be formatted as 01-01-2019

DATE(2019,2,13) gives the result 43509 which can be formatted as 13-02-2019

VersionAvailable

Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine, DATE function will return the DateTime objectinstead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso

DATEVALUE|TIME|DateandTimeFunctions

DATEDIF

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofdays,months,oryearsbetweentwodates.

Syntax

DATEDIF(date1,date2,outputcode)

Arguments

Thefirsttwoargumentsareanydates,asstrings,numericvalues,orDateTimeobjects.

Theoutputcodesare:

Code Description"D" Thenumberofdaysbetweendate1anddate2

"M" Thenumberofcompletemonthsbetweendate1anddate2

"Y" Thenumberofcompleteyearsbetweendate1anddate2

"YD" Thenumberofdaysbetweendate1anddate2asiftheywereinthesameyear

"YM" Thenumberofmonthsbetweendate1anddate2asiftheywereinthesameyear

"MD" Thenumberofdaysbetweendate1anddate2asiftheywereinthesamemonthandyear

DataTypes

Acceptsstrings,numericvalues,andDateTimeobjects.StringsandnumbersareconvertedtoDateTimeobjects.

Examples

DATEDIF(A1,B1,C1)

DATEDIF(R1C1,R1C2,R1C3)

DATEDIF("2001/1/1","2003/1/1","Y")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DATEVALUE

Thisfunctionreturnstheserialnumberofadateenteredastext.

Syntax

DATEVALUE(date_string)

Arguments

Theargumentforthisfunctionisadateasastring.

Remarks

UsethisfunctiontoconvertadaterepresentedbyatextstringtoanExcelserialnumberthatcanbeusedtoperformcalculations.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdata.Returnsanexcelserialnumberasdate.

Examples

DATEVALUE(B18)

DATEVALUE(R18C2)

DATEVALUE("2019/02/13") gives the result 43509.

VersionAvailable

Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,DATEVALUE function will return the DateTimeobject instead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso

DATE|TIMEVALUE|DateandTimeFunctions

DAVERAGE

Thisfunctioncalculatestheaverageofvaluesinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DAVERAGE(database, field, criteria)

Arguments

Argument Descriptiondatabase Rangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase;cellrangereferenceorarray

field Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex

criteria Rangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabaseareused;cellrangereferenceorarray

Thedatabaseargumentisarangeofcellsthatmakeupthedatabase.Eachcolumnrepresentsafield.Thefirstrowrepresentsthefieldlabels.Eachremainingrowrepresentsarecordofdata.

Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).

Thecriteriaargumentisarangeofcellsthatspecifywhichrowsinthedatabasecontaintheconditionsthatselectasubsetofthedatainthedatabase.Thefirstrowrepresentsfieldlabels.Theremainingrowsrepresentconditions.ConditionsinthesamerowarecombinedusinganANDoperation.ConditionsindifferentrowsarecombinedusinganORoperation.Eachconditioncanbeanumberorastring.Thestringcanincludeacomparisonoperator(=,<>,<,>,<=,>=).Ifnooperatorisincludedthentheequaloperator(=)isassumed.

Wildcardcharactersarenotsupportedinthecriteriaargument.

Remarks

Thisisoneofseveraldatabaseorlistfunctionsthattreatarangeofcellsasiftheywereadatabase.Formoredetailsonthistypeoffunction,refertoDatabaseFunctions.

DataTypes

Acceptscellrangesorarraysfordatabaseandcriteria.Acceptsastringoranumberforfield.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

DAVERAGE(A4:E10,3,A4:E10)

DAVERAGE(A1:A9,"Income",D5:D8)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

Thisfunctionreturnsthedaynumberofthemonth(integer1to31)thatcorrespondstothespecifieddate.

Syntax

DAY(date)

Arguments

Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4).Formoredetailsonthedateinputs,refertothediscussioninDateandTimeFunctions.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

DAY(A2)

DAY(R2C1)

DAY(366778) gives the result 14

DAY(33239) gives the result 1 (because 33239 is the value for January 1, 1991)

DAY("7/4/2003 12:00")

DAY(DATE(2003,7,4))

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DATE|DATEVALUE|WEEKDAY|MONTH|DateandTimeFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofdaysbetweentwodates.

Syntax

DAYS(end_date, start_date)

Arguments

Specifytheend_dateandstart_dateargumentasanumber(asin37806),astringorreferencetocellscontaingtheinformation.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericorstringdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

DAYS("5/15/11","4/1/11")givestheresult44.

VersionAvailable

DAYS360

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofdaysbetweentwodatesbasedona360-dayyear.

Syntax

DAYS360(startdate,enddate,method)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionstartdate Datefromwhichtocalculatedays

enddate Datetowhichtocalculatedays

method [Optional]Methodforcalculatingdays;ifFALSEoromitted,usesU.S.(NASD)method;ifTRUE,usesEuropeanmethod.

Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4).Formoredetailsonthedateinputs,refertothediscussioninDateandTimeFunctions

Themethodsforcalculatingthenumberofdayscanvary.TheU.S.orNASDmethodworksasfollows:

Ifthestartingdateisthe31stofamonth,itbecomesequaltothe30thofthesamemonth.Iftheendingdateisthe31stofamonthandthestartingdateisearlierthanthe30thofamonth,theendingdatebecomesequaltothe1stofthenextmonth.Iftheendingdateisthe31stofamonthandthestartingdateisthe30thor31stofamonth,theendingdatebecomesequaltothe30thoftheendingdatemonth.

TheEuropeanmethodconsidersstartingdatesorendingdatesthatoccuronthe31stofamonthtobeequaltothe30thofthesamemonth.

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontohelpcomputepaymentsifyouraccountingsystemisbasedona360-dayyear(twelve30-daymonths).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdataforthetwodateargumentsandbooleanforthemethodargument.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

DAYS360(B8,C8)

DAYS360(R8C2,R8C3)

DAYS360("7/15/2004","12/25/2004") gives the result 160

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DAY|DATEVALUE|DateandTimeFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthedepreciationofanassetforaspecifiedperiodusingthefixed‑decliningbalancemethod.

Syntax

DB(cost,salvage,life,period,month)

Arguments

Thisfunctionshasthesearguments:

Argument Descriptioncost Initialcostoftheasset

salvage Valueattheendofthedepreciationperiod

life Numberofperiodsoverwhichtheassetisbeingdepreciated

period Periodforwhichyouwanttocalculatethedepreciation;usethesameunitsasthelifeargument

month [Optional]Numberofmonthsinthefirstyear;ifomitted,thecalculationuses12months

Remarks

Thefixed-decliningbalancemethodcomputesdepreciationatafixedrate.Thisfunctionusesthefollowingequationtocalculatedepreciationforaperiod:

(cost–totaldepreciationfrompriorperiods)xrate

where:

rate=1–((salvage/cost)^(1/life)),roundedtothreedecimalplaces

Depreciationforthefirstandlastperiodsisaspecialcase.Forthefirstperiod,thefunctionusesthisequation:

dep=costxratexmonth/12

Forthelastperiod,thefunctionusesthisequation:

dep=((cost–totaldep.frompriorperiods)xratex(12–month))/12.

DataTypes

Examples

DB(B1,1000,10,1)

DB(R1C2,10000,10,1)

DB(500000,5000,5,1,10) gives the result $25,0833.3333333333

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DDB|SLN|SYD|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctiontransformshalf-width(single-byte)characterstofull-width(double-byte)characters.

Syntax

DBCS(text_value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youneedtoprovideatextvalueorareferencetoacellthatcontainsthetextvaluetobechanged.

Remarks

Ifthetextvaluedoesnotcontainhalf-widthletters,thenthetextisnotmodified.

DataTypes

Examples

DBCS("SPREAD")givestheresult"SPREAD"

VersionAvailable

DCOUNT

Thisfunctioncountsthecellsthatcontainnumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DCOUNT(database, field, criteria)

Arguments

field [Optional]Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex

Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).Thefieldargumentisoptional.Ifomittedthefunctioncountsalltherecordsthatmeetthecriteria.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

DCOUNT(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DCOUNT(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DCOUNTA|COUNT|COUNTA|DatabaseFunctions

DCOUNTA

Thisfunctioncountsthenon-blankcellsinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DCOUNTA(database, field, criteria)

Arguments

field [Optional]Columninthedatabase,referredtobylabelorindex

Thefieldargumentdetermineswhichcolumninthedatabasetouse.Thefieldargumentcanbeastring(fieldlabel)oranumber(fieldindex).Thefieldargumentisoptional.Ifomittedthefunctioncountsalltherecordsthatmeetthecriteria.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

DCOUNTA(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DCOUNTA(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DCOUNT|COUNT|COUNTA|DAVERAGE|DatabaseFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthedepreciationofanassetforaspecifiedperiodusingthedouble-decliningbalancemethodoranothermethodyouspecify.

Syntax

DDB(cost,salvage,life,period,factor)

Arguments

salvage Valueattheendofdepreciation

period Periodforwhichyouwanttocalculatethedepreciationinthesameunitsasthelifeargument

factor [Optional]Rateatwhichthevaluedeclines;ifomitted,thecalculationuses2(double-decliningmethod)

Allargumentsmustbepositivenumbers.

Remarks

Thisfunctionusesthefollowingcalculationfordepreciationforaperiod:

cost–salvage(totaldepreciationfrompriorperiods)xfactor/life

DataTypes

Examples

DDB(B1,1000,10,1)

DDB(R1C2,10000,10,1)

DDB(500000,5000,5,1,4) gives the result $40,0000

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DB|SYD|FinancialFunctions

DEC2BIN

Thisfunctionconvertsadecimalnumbertoabinarynumber.

Syntax

DEC2BIN(number,places)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Decimalnumericvaluetoconvertintherangeof-512to511

Ifplacesargumentisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.

Remarks

Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisnon-numericoroutsidetherange,oriftheplacesvalueisnon-numeric,negative,ortoosmall.

DataTypes

Examples

DEC2BIN(3,3)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DEC2HEX|DEC2OCT|BIN2DEC|OCT2BIN|EngineeringFunctions

DEC2HEX

Thisfunctionconvertsadecimalnumbertoahexadecimalnumber.

Syntax

DEC2HEX(number,places)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Decimalnumericvaluetoconvertintherangeof-549,755,813,888to549,755,813,887

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

DEC2HEX(103,4)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DEC2BIN|DEC2OCT|BIN2HEX|OCT2HEX|EngineeringFunctions

DEC2OCT

Thisfunctionconvertsadecimalnumbertoanoctalnumber.

Syntax

DEC2OCT(number,places)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Decimalnumericvaluetoconvertintherangeof-536,870,912and536,870,911

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

DEC2OCT(-99)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DEC2BIN|DEC2HEX|BIN2OCT|OCT2BIN|EngineeringFunctions

DECIMAL

Thisfunctionconvertsthetextrepresentation(ofanumberinspecifiedbase)intoadecimalnumber.

Syntax

DECIMAL(text,base)

Arguments

Argument Descriptiontext Referstoanycombinationofvalidalpha-numericcharactersaccordingtothebase.Thisvalueisnot

casesensitive.

base Thisvaluemustbeanintegeranditshouldbegreaterthanorequalto2(binary)andlessthanorequalto36

Remarks

Thelengthofargumenttextmustbelessthanorequalto255characters.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericorstringdataforargumenttext.Acceptsonlynumericdataforargumentbase.Returnsnumericorstringdata.

Examples

DECIMAL("FF",21)givestheresult330.

DECIMAL(11,2)givestheresult3

VersionAvailable

DEGREES

Thisfunctionconvertsthespecifiedvaluefromradianstodegrees.

Syntax

DEGREES(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctiontakesanyrealnumberanglevalueastheargument.

Remarks

Thisfunctionconvertsangleinradianstoangleindegrees.

DataTypes

Examples

DEGREES(B3)

DEGREES(R1C2)

DEGREES(PI()) gives the result 180

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

RADIANS|PI|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionidentifieswhethertwovaluesareequal.Returns1iftheyareequal;returns0otherwise.

Syntax

DELTA(value1,value2)

Arguments

Thisfunctiontakestwovaluesasarguments.

Remarks

AlsocalledtheKroneckerDeltafunction.ThisisadiscreteversionoftheDiracdeltafunction.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata(0or1).

Examples

DELTA(A1,5)

DELTA(R1C4,R2C5)

DELTA(3,3) gives the result 1

DELTA(3,2) gives the result 0

DELTA(3,2.99999) gives the result 0

DELTA(3,QUOTIENT(6,2)) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

GESTEP|EngineeringFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthesumofthesquaresofdeviationsofdatapoints(orofanarrayofdatapoints)fromtheirsamplemean.

Syntax

DEVSQ(value1,value2,...)

DEVSQ(array)

DEVSQ(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Remarks

Thesumofsquareddeviationsiscalculatedasfollows,wherenisthenumberofvalues.

Ifanarrayorcellreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsorarrayofnumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

DEVSQ(B3,B5,B9,B10)

DEVSQ(B3:B14)

DEVSQ(R3C2,R5C2,R9C2)

DEVSQ(R3C2:R3C12)

DEVSQ(35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39) gives the result 680.875

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVEDEV|AVERAGE|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionextractsasinglevaluefromacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchesthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DGET(database, field, criteria)

Arguments

Remarks

Ifnovaluematchesthecriteriaargument,a#VALUE!errorisreturned.A#NUM!errorisreturnedifmorethanonematchisfound.

DataTypes

Examples

DGET(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DGET(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DAVERAGE|DCOUNT|DatabaseFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthediscountrateforasecurity.

Syntax

DISC(settle,mature,pricep,redeem,basis)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity

mature Maturitydateforthesecurity

pricep Amountinvestedinthesecurity

redeem Amounttobereceivedatmaturity

Remarks

Settle,mature,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifsettleormatureisnotavalidserialdatenumber,a#VALUE!errorisreturned.Ifpriceporredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomature,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

DISC(A1,B1,C4,100,2)

DISC("3/15/2003","5/15/2003",R3C4,R5C5,4)

DISC("5/15/2004","9/1/2004",98.2,100,3) gives the result 0.0602752294

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

RATE|INTRATE|PRICEDISC|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthelargestnumberinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchesthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DMAX(database, field, criteria)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

DMAX(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DMAX(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

Thisfunctionreturnsthesmallestnumberinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchesthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DMIN(database, field, criteria)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

DMIN(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DMIN(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DOLLAR

Thisfunctionconvertsanumbertotextusingcurrencyformat,withthedecimalsroundedtothespecifiedplace.

Syntax

DOLLAR(value,digits)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalue Numericvaluetoconverttotextusingthecurrencyformat

digits [Optional]Numberofdecimalplacestomaintain;ifnegative,thevalueisroundedtotheleftofthedecimalpoint;ifomitted,thefunctionroundstotwodecimalplaces

Remarks

ThisfunctionusesthecurrentregionalWindowssettingstodeterminetheformatofthereturnedstring.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

DOLLAR(B5,D2)

DOLLAR(R5C2,R2C4)

DOLLAR(1234.5678,3) gives the result $1,234.568

DOLLAR(123.45,1) gives the result $123.5

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DOLLARDE|DOLLARFR|FIXED|TextFunctions

DOLLARDE

Thisfunctionconvertsafractiondollarpricetoadecimaldollarprice.

Syntax

DOLLARDE(fractionaldollar,fraction)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionfractionaldollar Numericvalueexpressedasafraction

fraction Denominatorofthefraction;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Remarks

Iffractionisnotaninteger,itistruncated.Iffractionislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Iffractionis0,a#DIV/0!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

DOLLARDE(1.10,17)

DOLLARDE(R5C2,R2C4)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DOLLAR|DOLLARFR|FinancialFunctions

DOLLARFR

Thisfunctionconvertsadecimalnumberdollarpricetoafractiondollarprice.

Syntax

DOLLARFR(decimaldollar,fraction)

Arguments

Argument Descriptiondecimaldollar Decimalnumber

fraction Denominatorofthefraction;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Remarks

Iffractionisnotaninteger,itistruncated.Iffractionislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Iffractionis0,a#DIV/0!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

DOLLARFR(B5,D2)

DOLLARFR(R5C2,R2C4)

DOLLARFR(1.125,16) gives the result 1.02

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DOLLAR|DOLLARDE|FinancialFunctions

DPRODUCT

Thisfunctionmultipliesthevaluesinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DPRODUCT(database, field, criteria)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

DPRODUCT(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DPRODUCT(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DSUM|DCOUNT|PRODUCT|SUM|DatabaseFunctions

DSTDEV

Thisfunctionestimatesthestandarddeviationofapopulationbasedonasamplebyusingthenumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DSTDEV(database, field, criteria)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

DSTDEV(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DSTDEV(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DSTDEVP|DAVERAGE|STDEV|DatabaseFunctions

DSTDEVP

Thisfunctioncalculatesthestandarddeviationofapopulationbasedontheentirepopulationusingthenumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DSTDEVP(database, field, criteria)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

DSTDEVP(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DSTDEVP(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DSTDEV|DAVERAGE|STDEV|DatabaseFunctions

Thisfunctionaddsthenumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DSUM(database, field, criteria)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

DSUM(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DSUM(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DPRODUCT|DCOUNT|SUM|PRODUCT|DatabaseFunctions

DURATION

ThisfunctionreturnstheMacauleydurationforanassumedparvalueof$100.

Syntax

DURATION(settlement,maturity,coupon,yield,frequency,basis)

Arguments

coupon Annualcouponrate

yield Annualyieldforthesecurity

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettlementormaturityisinvalidora#NUM!errorwhenfrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4.Settlement,maturity,frequency,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifcouponislessthan0oryieldislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettlementisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

DURATION(C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6)

DURATION(R5C2,R2C4,R3C1,R4C1,R5C1)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COUPDAYS|MDURATION|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctionestimatesthevarianceofapopulationbasedonasamplebyusingthenumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DVAR(database, field, criteria)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

DVAR(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DVAR(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

Thisfunctioncalculatesthevarianceofapopulationbasedontheentirepopulationbyusingthenumbersinacolumnofalistordatabasethatmatchthespecifiedconditions.

Syntax

DVARP(database, field, criteria)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

DVARP(A4:E10,"Type",A4:E10)

DVARP(A1:A9,3,D5:D8)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

Thisfunctioncalculatesthedatethatistheindicatednumberofmonthsbeforeorafteraspecifieddate.

Syntax

EDATE(startdate,months)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionstartdate Startingdate

months Numberofmonthsbefore(negative)orafter(positive)thestartingdate;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontocalculatematuritydatesorduedatesthatfallonthesamedayofthemonthasthedateofissue.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdataforthestartdateargumentandnumericdataforthemonthsargument.Returnsanumericvalue(anexcelserialnumberasnewdate).

Examples

EDATE(A1,-6)

EDATE(R1C1,4)

EDATE("2004/01/09",2) gives the result 38055

VersionAvailable

Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,EDATE function will return the DateTime objectinstead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso

DATE|EOMONTH|DateandTimeFunctions

EFFECT

Thisfunctioncalculatestheeffectiveannualinterestrateforagivennominalannualinterestrateandthenumberofcompoundingperiodsperyear.

Syntax

EFFECT(nomrate,comper)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnomrate Nominalinterestrate

comper Numberofcompoundingperiods;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Remarks

The#VALUE!errorisreturnedifeitherargumentisnonnumeric.The#NUMerrorisreturnedifnomrateislessthanorequaltozeroorifcomperislessthanone.Comperistruncatedtoaninteger.

DataTypes

Examples

EFFECT(J12,B3)

EFFECT(R12C10,R3C2)

EFFECT(6.5%,8) gives the result 0.66878782

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

INTRATE|NOMINAL|FinancialFunctions

ENCODEURL

ThisfunctionreturnsaURLencodedstring.

Syntax

ENCODEURL(text)

Arguments

Specifythetexttobeencodedfortheargument.

Remarks

Thisfunctionisusedtoreplacethespecialcharacters,suchas"/",or"#,or","andsoon,whicheitherisnotavalidcharacterforURLoreitherhasitsownmeaning.

DataTypes

Examples

ENCODEURL(D1)givestheresultTOP,whereD1isthecellreferencewithtextTOP

VersionAvailable

EOMONTH

Thisfunctioncalculatesthelastdayofthemonth(endofmonth)thatistheindicatednumberofmonthsbeforeorafterthestartingdate.Typically,thisfunctionisusedtoevaluateexpirydates,duedatesandotherdatesthataresupposedtolandattheendofamonth.

Syntax

EOMONTH(startdate,months)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionstartdate Startingdate

months Numberofmonthsbefore(negative)orafter(positive)thestartingdate;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectdataforthestartdateargumentandnumericdataforthemonthsargument.Returnstheserialnumberforthelastdayofthemonth.

Examples

EOMONTH(A3,6)

EOMONTH(R3C1,-4)

EOMONTH("2019/02/13",2) gives the result 43585

VersionAvailable

Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,EOMONTH function will return the DateTimeobject instead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso

EDATE|MONTH|DateandTimeFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatestheerrorfunctionintegratedbetweenalowerandanupperlimit.

Syntax

ERF(limit,upperlimit)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionlimit Eitherthisisthelowerlimit,iftheupperlimitissupplied,oritistheupperlimit(with0asthelower

limit)ifthesecondargumentisnotsupplied

upperlimit [Optional]Upperlimitforintegratingthefunction

Remarks

Ifupperlimitissupplied,thefunctionisintegratedfromlimittoupperlimit.Ifnotsupplied,thefunctionisintegratedfrom0tolimit.

Ifthereupperlimitisnotsupplied,thefunctioncalculates:

wherexisthelimitargument.

Ifthereupperlimitissupplied,thefunctioncalculates:

whereloisthelimitargumentandhiistheupperlimitargument.

DataTypes

Examples

ERF(K16)

ERF(R16C11,R16,C12)

ERF(0.49) gives the result 0.51166826

ERF(0.25,0.85) gives the result 0.494341544

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ERFC|STEYX|EngineeringFunctions

ERF.PRECISE

Thisfunctioncalculatestheerrorfunction.

Syntax

ERF.PRECISE(limit)

Arguments

Thisfunctionhasthefollowingargument:

Argument Descriptionlimit Iflimitisnonnumeric,thefunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue

DataTypes

Examples

ERF.PRECISE(K16)

ERF.PRECISE(R16C11)

ERF.PRECISE(0.49)givestheresult0.5116682610468377

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

Thisfunctioncalculatesthecomplementaryerrorfunctionintegratedbetweenalowerlimitandinfinity.

Syntax

ERFC(lowerlimit)

Arguments

Theargumentisthelowerlimitfromwhichtointegratetoinfinitywhencalculatingthisfunction.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncalculatesthecomplementaryerrorfunctionasfollows:

wherexisthelowerlimitspecifiedintheargument.

DataTypes

Examples

ERFC(K16)

ERFC(R16C11)

ERFC(0.49) gives the result 0.48833174

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ERF|STEYX|EngineeringFunctions

ERFC.PRECISE

ThisfunctioncalculatesthecomplementaryERFfunctionintegratedbetweenalowerlimitandinfinity.

Syntax

ERFC.PRECISE(lowerlimit)

Arguments

Theargumentisthelowerlimitfromwhichtointegratetoinfinitywhencalculatingthisfunction.

Remarks

Iflowerlimitisnonnumeric,thisfunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.

DataTypes

Examples

ERFC.PRECISE(K16)

ERFC.PRECISE(R16C11)

ERFC.PRECISE(0.49)givestheresult0.4883317389531623

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ERROR.TYPE

Thisfunctionreturnsanumbercorrespondingtooneoftheerrorvalues.

Syntax

ERROR.TYPE(errorvalue)

Arguments

Thevaliderrorvaluesthatcanbeusedintheargumentsandtheircorrespondingreturnedvaluesaresummarizedhere:

ErrorValue FunctionReturns#NULL! 1

#DIV/0! 2

#VALUE! 3

#REF! 4

#NAME? 5

#NUM! 6

#N/A 7

Remarks

YoucanusethisfunctioninanIF-THENstructuretotestfortheerrorvalueandreturnatextstring,suchasamessage,insteadoftheerrorvalue.

DataTypes

Acceptserrorvalueasdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ERROR.TYPE(B13)

ERROR.TYPE(R13C2)

ERROR.TYPE(#REF!)givestheresult4

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ERRORTYPE

Thisfunctionreturnsanumbercorrespondingtooneoftheerrorvalues.

Syntax

ERRORTYPE(errorvalue)

Arguments

Thevaliderrorvaluesthatcanbeusedintheargumentsandtheircorrespondingreturnedvaluesaresummarizedhere:

ErrorValue FunctionReturns#NULL! 1

#DIV/0! 2

#VALUE! 3

#REF! 4

#NAME? 5

#NUM! 6

#N/A 7

Remarks

YoucanusethisfunctioninanIF-THENstructuretotestfortheerrorvalueandreturnatextstring,suchasamessage,insteadoftheerrorvalue.

DataTypes

Acceptserrorvalueasdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ERRORTYPE(B13)

ERRORTYPE(R13C2)

ERRORTYPE(#REF!) gives the result 4

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ISERROR|InformationFunctions

EUROCONVERT

ThisfunctionconvertscurrencyfromaEuromembercurrency(includingEuros)toanotherEuromembercurrency(includingEuros).

Syntax

EUROCONVERT(currency,source,target,fullprecision,triangulation)

Arguments

Argument Descriptioncurrency Numbertoconvert

source ISOcurrencycodeforthenumbertoconvert(seetablebelow)

target ISOcurrencycodefortheresultoftheconversion(seetablebelow)

fullprecision [Optional]Logicalvaluerepresentingwhethertodisplaythevalueinfullprecisionornot;ifomitted,thevalueisnotdisplayedinfullprecision

triangulation [Optional]Integergreaterthanorequalto3thatspecifiesthenumberofsignificantdigitstobeusedfortheintermediateEurovaluewhenconvertingbetweentwoEuromembercurrencies

Iftriangulationisomitted,thecalculationdoesnotroundtheintermediateEurovalue.IfitisincludedwhenconvertingfromaEuromembercurrencytotheEuro,thecalculationfindstheintermediateEurovaluethatcouldthenbeconvertedtoaEuromembercurrency.

Remarks

Thisfunctiondoesnotconvertallcurrencies;onlythoseEuromembercurrencieslistedinthistable.

Country/Region ISOCurrencyCodeBelgium BEF

Luxembourg LUF

Germany DEM

Spain ESP

France FRF

Ireland IEP

Italy ITL

Netherlands NLG

Austria ATS

Portugal PTE

Finland FIM

Euromemberstate EUR

ISOCurrencyCodesarefromISO4217,theinternationalstandarddescribingthree-lettercodestodefinethenamesofcurrencies.ISOisthenicknamefortheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization.Thefirsttwolettersofthecode

arethetwo-lettercountrycodes(ISO3166)andthethirdisusuallytheinitialofthecurrencyitself.SoBEFisBelgiumFranc.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericandstringdataformostarguments;thefullprecisionargumentisalogicalvalue.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

EUROCONVERT(B5,"DEM","EUR")

EUROCONVERT(R5C2,"DEM","EUR", TRUE, 3)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ROUND|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctionroundsthespecifiedvalueuptothenearesteveninteger.

Syntax

EVEN(value)

Arguments

Theargumentcanbeanynumericvalue.

Remarks

Regardlessofthesignofthenumberspecifiedbytheargument,thenumberisroundedawayfromzero.

DataTypes

Examples

EVEN(A3)

EVEN(R1C2)

EVEN(5) gives the result 6

EVEN(-2.5) gives the result -4

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CEILING|FLOOR|ODD|ISEVEN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnstrueiftwostringsarethesame;otherwise,false.

Syntax

EXACT(text1,text2)

Arguments

Theargumentsaretextstrings.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncomparesthestringinthefirstargumenttothestringinthesecondargument.

Althoughthisfunctioniscase-sensitive,itignoresformattingdifferences.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforbotharguments.Returnsbooleandata(trueorfalse).

Examples

EXACT(A3,A5)

EXACT(R3C1,R5C1)

EXACT(""SPREAD"",""spread"") gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CONCATENATE|TextFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnseraisedtothepowerofthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

EXP(value)

Arguments

Theargumentforthisfunctionisanynumericvalue.

Remarks

Mathematically,thisfunctionis(ex).

ThisfunctionistheinverseofLN,soEXP(LN(x))resultsinx.

DataTypes

Examples

EXP(B3)

EXP(R1C2)

EXP(1) gives the result 2.7182818285

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

LN|LOG|POWER|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

EXPON.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnstheexponentialdistributionortheprobabilitydensity.

Syntax

EXPON.DIST(value,lambda,cumulative)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalue Valueofthefunction;mustbepositiveorzero

lambda Parametervalue;mustbegreaterthanzero

cumulative Logicalvalueindicatingwhethertoreturnthecumulativedistribution;settoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativedistribution;settoFALSEtoreturntheprobabilitydensity

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontomodelthetimebetweenevents,suchashowlonganautomatedbanktellertakestodelivercash.Forexample,youcanusethisfunctiontodeterminetheprobabilitythattheprocesstakesatmostoneminute.

Thecumulativedistributioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherexisthevalueargument,lambdaisthelambdaargument.

Theprobabilitydensityiscalculatedasfollows:

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata,exceptthethirdargument,whichacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

EXPON.DIST(C12,10,TRUE)

EXPON.DIST(R12C3,8,FALSE)

EXPON.DIST(0.2,10,TRUE)givestheresult0.8646647167633873

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

EXPONDIST

Thisfunctionreturnstheexponentialdistributionortheprobabilitydensity.

Syntax

EXPONDIST(value,lambda,cumulative)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalue Valueofthefunction;mustbepositiveorzero

lambda Parametervalue;mustbegreaterthanzero

cumulative Logicalvalueindicatingwhethertoreturnthecumulativedistribution;settoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativedistribution;settoFALSEtoreturntheprobabilitydensity

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontomodelthetimebetweenevents,suchashowlonganautomatedbanktellertakestodelivercash.Forexample,youcanusethisfunctiontodeterminetheprobabilitythattheprocesstakesatmostoneminute.

Thecumulativedistributioniscalculatedasfollows:

Theprobabilitydensityiscalculatedasfollows:

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata,exceptthethirdargument,whichacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

EXPONDIST(C12,10,TRUE)

EXPONDIST(R12C3,8,FALSE)

EXPONDIST(0.2,10,TRUE) gives the result 0.8646647168

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

F.DIST

ThisfunctioncalculatestheFprobabilitydistribution,toseedegreesofdiversitybetweentwosetsofdata.

Syntax

F.DIST(value,degnum,degden,cumulative)

Arguments

degnum Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthenumerator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

degden Numberofdegreesoffreedomforthedenominator;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsexceptcumulative.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

F.DIST(A1,2,2,TRUE)

F.DIST(R1C1,2,1,TRUE)

F.DIST(16.83975,5,3,TRUE)givestheresult0.9789999175380504

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

F.DIST.RT

Syntax

F.DIST.RT(value,degnum,degden)

Arguments

Remarks

The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.

DataTypes

Examples

F.DIST.RT(A1,2,2)

F.DIST.RT(R1C1,2,1)

F.DIST.RT(16.83975,5,3)givestheresult0.021000082461949843

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ThisfunctionreturnstheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution.

Syntax

F.INV(p,degnum,degden)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionp ProbabilityassociatedwiththeFcumulativedistribution

Remarks

ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution,soifp=F.DIST(x,...),thenF.INV(p,...)=x.

DataTypes

Examples

F.INV(A1,2,2)

F.INV(R1C1,2,1)

F.INV(0.021,5,3)givestheresult0.11813305544967191

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

F.INV.RT

Syntax

F.INV.RT(p,degnum,degden)

Arguments

Remarks

ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution,soifp=FDIST.RT(x,...),thenFINV.RT(p,...)=x.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.

DataTypes

Examples

F.INV.RT(A1,2,2)

F.INV.RT(R1C1,2,1)

F.INV.RT(0.021,5,3)givestheresult16.83979663538795

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

F.TEST

ThisfunctionreturnstheresultofanF-test,whichreturnsthetwo-tailedprobabilitythatthevariancesintwoarraysarenotsignificantlydifferent.

Syntax

F.TEST(array1,array2)

Arguments

Theargumentsmaybearraysofvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

F.TEST(A1:D34,A35:D68)

F.TEST(R1C1:R34C4,R35C1:R68C4)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

Thisfunctioncalculatesthefactorialofthespecifiednumber.

Syntax

FACT(number)

Arguments

Remarks

Thefactorialistheproductofthepositiveintegerslessthanorequaltoanumberandiscalculatedas1x2x3x...xnumber,andistypicallywrittenasn!fornbeingthenumber.Forexample,4!is1x2x3x4,whichis24.Theargumentmustbeanon-negativenumber.Ifyouprovideanumberthatisnotanintegerfortheargument,thedecimalportionofthenumberisignored.

DataTypes

Examples

FACT(B3)

FACT(R1C2)

FACT(10) gives the result 3628800

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FACTDOUBLE|PRODUCT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

FACTDOUBLE

Thisfunctioncalculatesthedoublefactorialofthespecifiednumber.

Syntax

FACTDOUBLE(number)

Arguments

Theargumentcanbeanynon-negativenumericvalue.

Remarks

Thenumberargumentmustbeanon-negativenumber.Ifyouprovideanumberthatisnotanintegerforthenumberargument,thedecimalportionofthenumberisignored.Thedoublefactorialiscalculatedasfollowsforevennumbers:

n!!=n(n-2)(n-4)...(4)(2)

Thedoublefactorialiscalculatedasfollowsforoddnumbers:

n!!=n(n-2)(n-4)...(3)(1)

DataTypes

Examples

FACTDOUBLE(E3)

FACTDOUBLE(R3C5)

FACTDOUBLE(6) gives the result 48

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FACT|PRODUCT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

ThisfunctionreturnsthevalueforlogicalFALSE.

Syntax

FALSE()

Remarks

Thisfunctiondoesnotacceptarguments.

DataTypes

Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsnumeric(boolean)data.

Example

FALSE()givestheresult0(FALSE)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IF|TRUE|LogicalFunctions

Syntax

FDIST(value,degnum,degden)

Arguments

DataTypes

Examples

FDIST(A1,2,2)

FDIST(R1C1,2,1)

FDIST(16.83975,5,3) gives the result 0.021

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FINV|StatisticalFunctions

FILTER

Thisfunctionallowsuserstofilteracellrangeonthebasisofthedefinedcriteria.TheFilteroperationcanbeperformedbasedonasinglecriterionormultiplecriteria.

Inordertocombinetwoormorefilterconditions,userscanusethe"*"operatorandthe"+"operator.The*operatorwillmultiplytwosetsofconditionsinordertojointhefiltercriteriawithANDlogic[whenboththefilterconditionshavetobeTRUE].The+operatorwillsimplyjointhetwosetsofconditionswithORlogic[whenonefilterconditioncanbeTRUEandtheothercanbeFALSE].

Syntax

FILTER(array,include,[if_empty])

Arguments

FILTERfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:

Argument Descriptionarray [required]Specifiestherangeorarraythatyouwanttofilter.

include [required]Specifiesthefilterconditionexpressedusinganintersectingsub-rangeandconditionalexpressions.

if_empty [optional]Specifiestheoptionalvaluethatuserswanttoreturnwhenthefilterresultisempty.Ifvalueisnotspecifiedforthisparameter,then#CALC!erroristhrown.

DataTypes

Acceptsacellrangeoranarrayofdatathatyouwanttofilter.Returnsafilteredarray.

Examples

Forinstance-ThecellF5inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=FILTER(A5:D17,C5:C17=F1)".ThisformulafiltersthecellrangeA5toD17basedononefiltercriteria(whenthecellrangeC5toC17matchestheProductvalueincellF1i.e.Apple).Asaresult,allthevaluesinthecellrangeA5toD17containingproductas"Apple"willbedisplayed.

Inanotherexample,thecellF14inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=FILTER(A5:D17,(C5:C17=F1)*(A5:A17=F2))".ThisformulafiltersthecellrangeA5toD17basedontwofilterconditionsthatarespecifiedbythemultiplication(*)operator.ThefirstconditionisthecellrangeC5toC17shouldmatchtheProductvalueincellF1i.e.AppleandthesecondconditionisthecellrangeA5toA17shouldmatchtheregion"East".Asaresult,allthevaluesinthecellrangeA5toD17containingProductas"Apple"andRegionas"East"willbedisplayed.

VersionAvailable

FILTERXML

ThisfunctionreturnsspecificdatafromtheXMLcontentusingthespecifiedXPath.

Syntax

FILTERXML(xml,xpath)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionxml ReferstoavalidXMLformattedstring

xpath ReferstoastandardXPathformattedstring

Remarks

IftheXMLstringisinvalidorifitcontainsanamespacewithaprefixwhichisnotvalid,thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorvalue.

DataTypes

Examples

FILTERXML(A3,"//cd/@title")

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionfindsonetextvaluewithinanotherandreturnsthetextvalue’spositioninthetextyousearched.

Syntax

FIND(findtext,intext,start)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionfindtext Textyouaretryingtofind;ifempty(" "),thefunctionmatchesthefirstcharacterinthesearchstring

(thatis,thecharacternumberedstartor1);cannotcontainwildcardcharacters

intext Textthroughwhichyouaresearching

start [Optional]Numberrepresentingcharacteratwhichtostartthesearch;thefirstcharacterofintextis1;ifomitted,thecalculationstartsat1;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Remarks

Thisfunctionperformsacase-specificsearch(forexample,tospecifyacapitalletterandnotlowercaseletters).

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforthefindtextargument,stringdatafortheintextargument,andnumericdataforthestartargument.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

FIND(""G"",A2,1)

FIND(""G"",R2C1,1)

FIND(""P"",""FarPoint Technologies"") gives the result 4

FIND(""n"",""FarPoint Technologies"",8) gives the result 4

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

REPLACE|SUBSTITUTE|TextFunctions

Thisfunctionfindsthespecifiedtextstring(1)withinanothertextstring(2)andreturnsthenumberofthestartingpositionofthespecifiedtextstring(1)fromthefirstcharacteroftheanothertextstring(2).

Syntax

FINDB(findtext,intext,start)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionfindtext Referstothetextyouaretryingtofind.Ifthevalueisempty(" "),thefunctionmatchesthefirst

characterinthesearchstring(i.e.thecharacternumberedstartor1).Thisvaluecannotcontainwildcardcharacters.

intext Referstothetextthroughwhichyouaresearching.

start [Optional]Referstothenumberrepresentingcharacteratwhichtostartthesearch.Thefirstcharacterofintextis1;ifomitted,thecalculationstartsat1.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

Remarks

TheFINDBfunctioncounts2bytespercharacter,butthishappensonlywhenaDBCSlanguageissetasthedefaultlanguage.

DataTypes

Examples

FINDB("ea","rheabuto")givestheresult3.

FINDB("to","rheabuto")givestheresult7.

VersionAvailable

Syntax

FINV(p,degnum,degden)

Arguments

Ifeitherdegnumordegdenisnotaninteger,itistruncated.

Remarks

ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution,soifp=FDIST(x,...),thenFINV(p,...)=x.

DataTypes

Examples

FINV(A1,2,2)

FINV(R1C1,2,1)

FINV(0.021,5,3) gives the result 16.83975

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FDIST|StatisticalFunctions

FISHER

ThisfunctionreturnstheFishertransformationforaspecifiedvalue.

Syntax

FISHER(value)

Arguments

Provideanumericvaluethatislessthan1andgreaterthan–1forwhichyouwantthetransformation.

Remarks

Thistransformationproducesanapproximatelynormaldistribution.Usethisfunctiontoperformhypothesistestingonthecorrelationcoefficient.

TheFishertransformationiscalculatedasfollows:

wherexisthevalueargument.

DataTypes

Examples

FISHER(A43)

FISHER(R4C12)

FISHER(-0.65) gives the result -0.7752987062

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FISHERINV|StatisticalFunctions

FISHERINV

ThisfunctionreturnstheinverseoftheFishertransformationforaspecifiedvalue.

Syntax

FISHERINV(value)

Arguments

Theargumentisthespecifiednumericvalue.

Remarks

Usethistransformationwhenanalyzingcorrelationsbetweenrangesorarraysofdata.ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFishertransformation,soify=FISHER(x),thenFISHERINV(y)=x.

TheinverseFishertransformationiscalculatedasfollows:

whereyisthevalueargument.

DataTypes

Examples

FISHERINV(A43)

FISHERINV(R4C12)

FISHERINV(0.56) gives the result 0.5079774329

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FISHER|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionroundsanumbertothespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces,formatsthenumberindecimalformatusingaperiodandcommas(ifsospecified),andreturnstheresultastext.

Syntax

FIXED(num,digits,notcomma)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnum Numbertoroundandconverttotext

digits [Optional]Numberofdecimalplaces;ifomitted,usestwoplaces

notcomma [Optional]Logicalvaluewhethernottousecommas;ifomittedorFALSE,returnswithcommas

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforfirsttwoarguments;acceptslogicalvalueforthethirdargument.Returnsstring(text)data.

Examples

FIXED(B3)

FIXED(R3C2,2,FALSE)

FIXED(4.2365,3)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DOLLAR|TextFunctions

Thisfunctionroundsanumberdowntothenearestmultipleofaspecifiedvalue.

Syntax

FLOOR(value,signif)

Arguments

Useeitherbothpositiveorbothnegativenumbersforthearguments.Regardlessofthesignofthenumbers,thevalueisroundedtowardzero.

DataTypes

Examples

FLOOR(C4,B2)

FLOOR(B3,0.05)

FLOOR(R1C2,1)

FLOOR(4.65,2) gives the result 4

FLOOR(-2.78,-1) gives the result -2

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CEILING|EVEN|ODD|TRUNC|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

FLOOR.MATH

Thisfunctionroundsanumberdowntothenearestmultipleofthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

FLOOR.MATH(value,signif,mode)

Arguments

signif [Optional]Numberrepresentingtheroundingfactor

mode [Optional]Representsthedirection(towardsorawayfrom0)toroundnegativevalue

Remarks

Positivenumberswithdecimalpartsareroundeddowntothenearestinteger.

Negativenumberswithdecimalpartsareroundedawayfrom0tothenearestinteger.

DataTypes

Examples

FLOOR.MATH(-3.1,3,4)givestheresult-3

FLOOR.MATH(-6.3,8)givestheresult-8

VersionAvailable

FLOOR.PRECISE

Summary

Thisfunctionroundsanumberdowntothenearestmultipleofaspecifiedvalueortothenearestinteger.

Syntax

FLOOR.PRECISE(value,signif)

Arguments

signif [Optional]Numberrepresentingtheroundingfactor

Useeitherbothpositiveorbothnegativenumbersforthearguments.Regardlessofthesignofthenumbers,thevalueisroundedtowardzero.

DataTypes

Examples

FLOOR.PRECISE(C4,B2)

FLOOR.PRECISE(B3,0.05)

FLOOR.PRECISE(R1C2,1)

FLOOR.PRECISE(4.65,2)givestheresult4

FLOOR.PRECISE(-2.78,-1)givestheresult-3

VersionAvailable

FORECAST

Thisfunctioncalculatesafuturevalueusingexistingvalues.

Syntax

FORECAST(value,Yarray,Xarray)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalue Valueforwhichtopredictthefuturedependentvalue

Yarray Anarrayofknowndependentvalues(y’s)

Xarray Anarrayofknownindependentvalues(x’s)

Remarks

Thepredictedvalueisayvalueforagivenxvalue.Theknownvaluesareexistingxvaluesandyvalues,andthenewvalueispredictedbyusinglinearregression.Youcanusethisfunctiontopredictfuturesales,inventoryrequirements,orconsumertrends.

Thisfunctioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherevisthevalueargument,YistheYarrayargument,XistheXarrayargument,andnisthesizeofthearrays.

DataTypes

Examples

FORECAST(30,G1:G9,F1:F9)

FORECAST(30,R1C7:R9C7,R1C6:R9C6)

FORECAST(45,{53000,57000,58000,69000,74500,55620,80000, 68700},{35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39}) gives the result 67060.8665320360

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

INTERCEPT|StatisticalFunctions

FORECAST.LINEAR

Thisfunctioncalculatesfuturevaluebyusingexistingvalues.

Syntax

FORECAST.LINEAR(x, known_y, known_x)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Referstothenumericdataspecyfingdatapointtopredictavaluefor.

known_y Referstothenumericdata(array)specifyingknowny-values.

known_x Referstothenumericdata(array)specifyingknownx-values.

Remarks

Thisfunctionpredictsanewvalueonalinearbasis.Hence,ifthedatafollowsseasonalvariances,thisfunctionisnotuseful.

DataTypes

Acceptsonlynumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

FORECAST.LINEAR(7,B4:B8,C4:C8)

VersionAvailable

FORMULATEXT

Thisfunctionreturnsaformulaasastring.

Syntax

FORMULATEXT(reference)

Arguments

Specifythereferencetosinglecellorrangeofcellsfortheargument.

Remarks

Inthisfunction,textdisplayedintheformulabarofthespecifiedcellisreturned.Referenceargumentcanrefertocell(orcells)ofanotherworksheetorworkbooktoo.Valueofupperleftmostcellorrowisreturned,ifanentireroworcolumnisrefered.

DataTypes

Acceptscellreferenceforargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

FORMULATEXT(B7)givesthevalue#N/A

VersionAvailable

FREQUENCY

Thisfunctioncalculateshowoftenvaluesoccurwithinarangeofvalues.Thisfunctionreturnsaverticalarrayofnumbers.

Syntax

FREQUENCY(dataarray,binarray)

Arguments

Argument Descriptiondataarray Arrayofvaluesorareferencetoasetofvaluesforwhichtocountfrequencies

binarray Arrayofintervalsorareferencetointervalsintowhichtogroupthevaluesofdataarray

Remarks

Thenumberofelementsinthereturnedarrayisonegreaterthanthenumberofelementsinbinarray.Theextraelementinthereturnedarrayisthecountofvaluesindataarraythatisabovethehighestvalueinbinarray.

UsetheINDEXfunctiontogetindividualelementsfromthereturnedarrays.

DataTypes

Acceptsanarray.Returnsanarray.

Examples

FREQUENCY(A1:A7,C2:C5)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ThisfunctionreturnstheresultofanF-test,whichreturnstheone-tailedprobabilitythatthevariancesintwoarraysarenotsignificantlydifferent.

Syntax

FTEST(array1,array2)

Arguments

Theargumentsmaybearraysofvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

FTEST(A1:D34,A35:D68)

FTEST(R1C1:R34C4,R35C1:R68C4)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ZTEST|TTEST|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthefuturevalueofaninvestmentbasedonapresentvalue,periodicpayments,andaspecifiedinterestrate.

Syntax

FV(rate,numper,paymt,pval,type)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionrate Interestrateexpressedaspercentage(perperiod)

numper Totalnumberofpaymentperiods

paymt Paymentmadeeachperiod

pval [Optional]Presentvalue;ifomitted,useszeroandthecalculationisbasedonthepaymtargument.

type [Optional]Indicateswhenpaymentsaredue;attheend(0)orbeginning(1)oftheperiod;ifomitted,thecalculationusestheend(0)

Remarks

Useconsistentunitsforspecifyingtherateandnumberofperiodsarguments.Ifyoumakemonthlypaymentsonafive-yearloanat8percentannualinterest,use0.08/12fortherateargumentand5*12forthenumberofperiodsargument.Ifyoumakeannualpaymentsonthesameloan,use0.08forrateand5fornumberofperiods.

Forthearguments,moneypaidout(suchasdepositsinaninvestment)isrepresentedbynegativenumbers;moneyyoureceive(suchasdividendchecks)isrepresentedbypositivenumbers.

SeethePVfunctionfortheequationsforcalculatingfinancialvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

FV(A1/12,48,B1,1000,0)

FV(R1C1/12,48,R1C2,1000,0)

FV(0.005,60,-100,100,1) gives the result $6877.00

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FVSCHEDULE|NPER|PMT|PV|FinancialFunctions

FVSCHEDULE

Thisfunctionreturnsthefuturevalueofaninitialprincipalafterapplyingaseriesofcompoundinterestrates.Calculatefuturevalueofaninvestmentwithavariableoradjustablerate.

Syntax

FVSCHEDULE(principal,schedule)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionprincipal Presentvalueoftheprincipal

schedule Schedule,arrayofinterestratestoapply

DataTypes

Examples

FVSCHEDULE(4,A1:C1)

FVSCHEDULE(45,R1C1:R7C1)

FVSCHEDULE(1000,{0.8,0.6,0.7}) gives the result 4896

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FV|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthegammafunctionvalue.

Syntax

GAMMA(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumberwhosevalueiseithergreaterthan1orequalto1.

Remarks

Thevaluepassedintheargumentsshouldnotbeanegativeintegeror0.Ifthespecifiednumberisa0oranegativeinteger,thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!error.

Ifthespecifiednumberpossessesinvalidcharacters,thisfunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!error.

DataTypes

Examples

GAMMA(7.5)givestheresult1871.254

GAMMA(1)givestheresult1

GAMMA(-1.23)givestheresult#NUM!

VersionAvailable

GAMMA.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthegammadistribution.

Syntax

GAMMA.DIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethedistribution

cumulative LogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunctionIfcumulativeisTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitydensityfunction.

Remarks

Theequationforthisfunctionis:

DataTypes

Examples

GAMMA.DIST(A5,1,3,FALSE)

GAMMA.DIST(R5C1,2,1,TRUE)

GAMMA.DIST(4,3,2,TRUE)givestheresult0.3233235838169362

GAMMA.DIST(4,3,2,FALSE)givestheresult0.1353352832366127

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

GAMMA.INV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthegammacumulativedistribution.

Syntax

GAMMA.INV(p,alpha,beta)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionp Probability

Remarks

ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution,soifp=GAMMA.DIST(x,...),thenGAMMA.INV(p,...)=x.Thestandardgammadistributionisreturnedifbeta=1.

DataTypes

Examples

GAMMA.INV(A3,3,4)

GAMMA.INV(0.8902,R3C8,R3C9)

GAMMA.INV(0.75,2,3)givestheresult8.077903586669088

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

GAMMADIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthegammadistribution.

Syntax

GAMMADIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)

Arguments

cumulative LogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunctionIfcumulativeisTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

GAMMADIST(A5,1,3,FALSE)

GAMMADIST(R5C1,2,1,TRUE)

GAMMADIST(4,3,2,TRUE) gives the result 0.3233235838

GAMMADIST(4,3,2,FALSE) gives the result 0.1353352832

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

GAMMAINV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthegammacumulativedistribution.

Syntax

GAMMAINV(p,alpha,beta)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionp Probability

Remarks

ThisfunctioncalculatestheinverseoftheFprobabilitydistribution,soifp=GAMMADIST(x,...),thenGAMMAINV(p,...)=x.

DataTypes

Examples

GAMMAINV(A3,3,4)

GAMMAINV(0.8902,R3C8,R3C9)

GAMMAINV(0.75,2,3) gives the result 8.0779035867

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

GAMMADIST|GAMMALN|StatisticalFunctions

GAMMALN

ThisfunctionreturnsthenaturallogarithmoftheGammafunction,G(x).

Syntax

GAMMALN(value)

Arguments

Theargumentisanynumericvalue.

Remarks

Thisfunctioniscalculatedasthenaturallogarithm(LN)oftheGammafunction.

wherexisthevalueargument.

DataTypes

Examples

GAMMALN(A4)

GAMMALN(R4C1)

GAMMALN(12) gives the result 17.5023078459

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

GAMMADIST|GAMMAINV|LN|StatisticalFunctions

GAMMALN.PRECISE

ThisfunctionreturnsthenaturallogarithmoftheGammafunction,G(x).

Syntax

GAMMALN.PRECISE(value)

Arguments

Theargumentisanynumericvalue.

Remarks

Thisfunctioniscalculatedasthenaturallogarithm(LN)oftheGammafunction.Ifvalueisnonnumeric,thefunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.Ifx≤0,thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalue.

DataTypes

Examples

GAMMALN.PRECISE(A4)

GAMMALN.PRECISE(R4C1)

GAMMALN.PRECISE(12)givestheresult17.502307845873887

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

Thisfunctionreturnstheprobability(intheformofanumericvalue)specifyingthatamemberofastandardnormalpopulationwillfallbetweenthemeanandspecifiedstandarddeviationsfromthemean.

Syntax

GAUSS(z)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumber.

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsanerrorvalueifzisnotavalidnumberoravaliddatatype.

DataTypes

Examples

GAUSS(10)givestheresult0.5

GAUSS(-5)givestheresult-0.499

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthegreatestcommondivisoroftwonumbers.

Syntax

GCD(number1,number2)

Arguments

Theargumentsaretwonumericvaluesorarrays.Iftheargumentsarenotintegers,theyaretruncatedtointegers.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.

Remarks

Thegreatestcommondivisoristhelargestintegerthatdividesbothnumberswithoutaremainder.

DataTypes

Examples

GCD(B5,G7)

GCD(R5C2,R7C7)

GCD(3348,972) gives the result 108 GCD(12.8,16.3) gives the result 4

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

LCM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

GEOMEAN

Thisfunctionreturnsthegeometricmeanofasetofpositivedata.

Syntax

GEOMEAN(value1,value2,...)

GEOMEAN(array)

GEOMEAN(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Youcanspecifyasetofnumericvalues.Youcanalsouseasinglearrayorareferencetoanarrayinsteadofargumentsseparatedbycommas.Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.

Datashouldbeprovidedsothatthevalueargumentsshouldbegreaterthanzero.

Remarks

Youcanusethisfunctiontocalculateaveragegrowthrategivencompoundinterestwithvariablerates.

DataTypes

Examples

GEOMEAN(F1:F9)

GEOMEAN(R1C6:R9C6)

GEOMEAN(35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39) gives the result 40.1461796637

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

HARMEAN|StatisticalFunctions

GESTEP

Thisfunction,greaterthanorequaltostep,returnsanindicationofwhetheranumberisequaltoathreshold.

Syntax

GESTEP(number,step)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Valuetotestagainstthestep(whichiseithersteporzero)

step [Optional]Valueofthethresholdagainstwhichtotest;ifomitted,useszero

Remarks

Ifthenumberisgreaterthanorequaltothestep,thisfunctionreturnsone.Otherwiseitreturnszero.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumeric(0or1)data.

Examples

GESTEP(B5,7)

GESTEP(43) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DELTA|EngineeringFunctions

GROWTH

Thisfunctioncalculatespredictedexponentialgrowth.Thisfunctionreturnstheyvaluesforaseriesofnewxvaluesthatarespecifiedbyusingexistingxandyvalues.

Syntax

GROWTH(y,x,newx,constant)

Remarks

Argument Descriptiony Setofyvaluesthatareknownintherelationshipy=b*m^x

x (Optional)Xisanoptionalsetofxvaluesthatmaybeknownintherelationshipy=b*m^x

newx Newxvaluesforwhichthisfunctionsreturnsthecorrespondingyvalues

constant Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoforcetheconstantbtoequal1

Ifconstantistrueoromittedthenbiscalculatednormally.Ifconstantisfalsethenbisequalto0andthemvaluesareadjustedsothaty=m^x.

Ifxisomittedthenxdefaultstothearray{1,2,3...},thathasthesamedimensionsasy.

Ifnewxisomittedthenitdefaultstox.

Remarks

UsetheINDEXfunctiontogetindividualelementsfromthereturnedarray.

DataTypes

Examples

GROWTH(A2:A7,C2:C7,A9:A10)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

Functions H to L

FunctionsHtoL

HARMEAN HEX2BIN HEX2DEC HEX2OCT

HLOOKUP HOUR HYPERLINK HYPGEOM.DIST

HYPGEOMDIST IF IFERROR IFNA

IFS IMABS IMAGINARY IMARGUMENT

IMCONJUGATE IMCOS IMCOSH IMCOT

IMCSC IMCSCH IMDIV IMEXP

IMLN IMLOG10 IMLOG2 IMPOWER

IMPRODUCT IMREAL IMSEC IMSECH

IMSIN IMSINH IMSQRT IMSUB

IMSUM IMTAN INDEX INDIRECT

INFO INT INTERCEPT INTRATE

IPMT IRR ISBLANK ISERR

ISERROR ISEVEN ISFORMULA ISLOGICAL

ISNA ISNONTEXT ISNUMBER ISO.CEILING

ISODD ISOWEEKNUM ISPMT ISREF

ISTEXT JIS KURT LARGE

LCM LEFT LEFTB LEN

LENB LINEST LN LOG

LOG10 LOGEST LOGINV LOGNORM.DIST

LOGNORM.INV LOGNORMDIST LOOKUP LOWER

HARMEAN

Thisfunctionreturnstheharmonicmeanofadataset.

Syntax

HARMEAN(value1,value2,...)

HARMEAN(array)

HARMEAN(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Youcanspecifyasetofnumericvalues.Youcanalsouseasinglearrayorareferencetoanarrayinsteadofargumentsseparatedbycommas.Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.

Datashouldbeprovidedsothatthevalueargumentsshouldbegreaterthanzero.

Remarks

Theharmonicmeanisalwayslessthanthegeometricmean,whichisalwayslessthanthearithmeticmean

DataTypes

Examples

HARMEAN(F1:F9)

HARMEAN(R1C6:R9C6)

HARMEAN(35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39) gives the result 39.2384929823

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

GEOMEAN|StatisticalFunctions

HEX2BIN

Thisfunctionconvertsahexadecimalnumbertoabinarynumber.

Syntax

HEX2BIN(number,places)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Hexadecimalnumericvaluetoconvert,mustbebetweenFFFFFFFE00and1FF

Remarks

Thisfunctionsreturnsanerrorwhenthenumberisnotavalidhexadecimalvalueorifthevalueforplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.

DataTypes

Examples

HEX2BIN("F",5)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

HEX2DEC|HEX2OCT|BIN2HEX|OCT2HEX|EngineeringFunctions

HEX2DEC

Thisfunctionconvertsahexadecimalnumbertoadecimalnumber.

Syntax

HEX2DEC(number)

Arguments

Specifythenumbertoconvert,whichislimitedtoamaximumof10characters.

Remarks

Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisinvalidormorethan10characters.

DataTypes

Examples

HEX2DEC("FF")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

HEX2BIN|HEX2OCT|BIN2DEC|OCT2DEC|EngineeringFunctions

HEX2OCT

Thisfunctionconvertsahexadecimalnumbertoanoctalnumber.

Syntax

HEX2OCT(number,places)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Hexadecimalnumericvaluetoconvert,mustbebetweenFFE0000000and1FFFFFFF

Remarks

Thisfunctionsreturnsanerrorwhenthenumberisnotavalidhexadecimalnumberorifthevalueforplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.

DataTypes

Examples

HEX2OCT("2B")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

HEX2BIN|HEX2DEC|BIN2OCT|DEC2OCT|EngineeringFunctions

HLOOKUP

Thisfunctionsearchesforavalueinthetoprowandthenreturnsavalueinthesamecolumnfromaspecifiedrow.

Syntax

HLOOKUP(value,array,row,approx)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalue Valuetobefoundinthefirstrow

array Arrayorrangethatcontainsthedatatosearch

row Rownumberinthearrayfromwhichthematchingvaluewillbereturned

approx [Optional]Logicalvalueindicatingwhethertofindanapproximatematch;ifomitted,usesTRUEandfindsanapproximatematch

Remarks

IfapproxisFALSE,itfindsanexactmatch,notanapproximatematch.Ifitcannotfindone,itreturnsan#N/Aerrorvalue.

IfapproxisTRUEoromitted,andthevaluecannotbefound,thenthelargestvaluethatislessthanthevalueisused.

ThisfunctionissimilartoVLOOKUPexceptthatitsearchesbyrow(horizontally),insteadofvertically(bycolumn).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericorstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

HLOOKUP("Test",A1:D5,3,TRUE)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

VLOOKUP|LOOKUP|LookupFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthehourthatcorrespondstoaspecifiedtime.

Syntax

HOUR(time)

Arguments

Specifythetimeargumentasanumber(asin37806.5)astring(asin"7/4/200312:00"),aDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4),oraTimeSpanobject,asinTIME(12,0,0).Formoredetailsonthedateandtimeinputs,refertothediscussioninDateandTimeFunctions

Remarks

Thehourisreturnedasaninteger,rangingfrom0(12:00A.M.)to23(11:00P.M.).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string,DateTimeobject,orTimeSpanobjectdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

HOUR(A2)

HOUR(R2C1)

HOUR(0.25) gives the result 6

HOUR(347.25) gives the result 6

HOUR("2:22 PM") gives the result 14

HOUR("2:22 AM") gives the result 2

HOUR(TIME(12,0,0))

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

MINUTE|SECOND|DateandTimeFunctions

HYPERLINK

ThisfunctioncreatesshortcutthatopensdocumentstoredontheInternet.

Syntax

HYPERLINK(link,[display_name])

Arguments

Argument Descriptionlink ReferstotheURLofthedocument

display_name [Optional]Referstothetextthatappearsinthecell;ifthisisexculede,wholelinkappearsinthecell

Remarks

Clickthecellandholdthemousebuttonuntilpointerbecomesacross,toselectthecellandnotjumptothehyperlinkdestination.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforbotharguments.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

HYPERLINK("http://grapecity.com","Clickfordemo")givestheresultClickforDemo

VersionAvailable

HYPGEOM.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthehypergeometricdistribution.

Syntax

HYPGEOM.DIST(x,n,M,N,cumulative)

Arguments

Theargumentsareasfollows,andaretruncatedifnotintegers:

Argument Descriptionx Anintegerrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesinthesample

n Anintegerrepresentingthesizeofthesample

M Anintegerrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesinthepopulation

N Anintegerrepresentingthesizeofthepopulation

cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifthisargumentisFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction

Remarks

Ifanyargumentisnonnumeric,thefunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsexceptcumulative.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

HYPGEOM.DIST(A22,B23,62,1000,C10)

HYPGEOM.DIST(R22C11,R22C12,R34C14,R35C15,R10C5)

HYPGEOM.DIST(2,37,6,100,200)givestheresult0.6079646750428083

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

HYPGEOMDIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthehypergeometricdistribution.

Syntax

HYPGEOMDIST(x,n,M,N)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Anintegerrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesinthesample

n Anintegerrepresentingthesizeofthesample

M Anintegerrepresentingthenumberofsuccessesinthepopulation

N Anintegerrepresentingthesizeofthepopulation

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

HYPGEOMDIST(A22,B23,62,1000)

HYPGEOMDIST(R22C11,R22C12,R34C14,R35C15)

HYPGEOMDIST(2,37,6,100) gives the result 0.3327981975

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BINOMDIST|GAMMADIST|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionperformsacomparisonandreturnsoneoftwoprovidedvaluesbasedonthatcomparison.

Syntax

IF(valueTest,valueTrue,valueFalse)

Arguments

Argument DescriptionvalueTest Valueorexpressiontoevaluate

valueTrue Valuetoreturnifthetestevaluatestotrue

valueFalse Valuetoreturnifthetestevaluatestofalse

Remarks

ThevalueofvalueTestisevaluated.Ifitisnon-zero(orTRUE),thenvalueTrueisreturned.Ifitiszero(orFALSE),thenvalueFalseisreturned.ThevalueofvalueTestmustbeorevaluatetonumericdata,wherenon-zerovaluesindicateTRUE,andavalueofzeroindicatesFALSE.Itmaycontainoneoftherelationaloperators:greaterthan(>),lessthan(<),equalto(=),ornotequalto(<>).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric(boolean)data.Returnsanydatatype.

Example

IF(A3<>2000,1900,2000)

IF(R1C2>65,1000,2000)

IF(C4,B2,B4)

IF(1>2,5,10)givestheresult10

IF(1<2,""dogs"",""cats"")givestheresultdogs

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AND|FALSE|LogicalFunctions

IFERROR

Thisfunctionevaluatesaformulaandreturnsavalueyouprovideifthereisanerrorortheformularesult.

Syntax

IFERROR(value,error)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalue Valueorexpressiontoevaluate

error Valuetoreturniftheformulareturnsanerror

Remarks

Thefollowingerrortypesareevaluated,#VALUE!,#REF!,#NUM!,#NAME?,#DIV/O,#N/A,or#NULL

DataTypes

Acceptsanytypeofformulaforthevalue.Returnsanydatatype.

Example

IFERROR(A3/A5,"dogs")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AND|FALSE|LogicalFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthespecifiedvalueiftheformulareturns#N/Aerror,otherwiseitreturnstheactualresultoftheformula.

Syntax

IFNA(value, value_if_na)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalue Referstoanumber,orexpressionthatneedstobetested

value_if_na Referstoanalternatenumber,orexpressionthatisreturnedifvaluereturns#N/Aerror

Remarks

Ifvalueorvalue_if_naisempty,IFNAtreatsitasanemptystringvalue("").

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string(oranyexpression)dataforbotharguments.

Examples

IFNA(VLOOKUP("Sweden",$A$6:$B$8,0),"Notfound")givestheresultNotfound.

VersionAvailable

ThisfunctionperformsacomparisonandreturnsthespecifiedassociatedvalueifcomparisionisTRUE.

Syntax

IFS(condition,value1, [condition2,value2],...)

Arguments

Argument Descriptioncondition1 Referstoavalueorexpressiontoevaluate.

value1 Referstoavaluetoreturnifthetestevaluatestotrue.

[condition2,value2],... [Optional]Referstomoreconditionstobecompared(nestedIFstatements).

Remarks

Thisfunctionallowsuserstotestupto127differentconditions.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric(boolean)dataforbotharguments.Returnsanydatatype.

Examples

IFS(A289,"A",A279,"B")givestheresultB.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnstheabsolutevalueormodulusofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMABS(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheabsolutevalue.

Remarks

Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexnumargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumberandstringdata.Returnsnumberdata.

Examples

IMABS("3+5j")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COMPLEX|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

IMAGINARY

Thisfunctionreturnstheimaginarycoefficientofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMAGINARY(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheimaginarycoefficient.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMAGINARY("3+5j")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COMPLEX|IMREAL|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

IMARGUMENT

Thisfunctionreturnstheargumenttheta,whichisanangleexpressedinradians.

Syntax

IMARGUMENT(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheargumenttheta.

Remarks

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheargumenttheta.

Anerrorisreturnedifnumberisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.

DataTypes

Examples

IMARGUMENT("3+5j")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COMPLEX|IMCOS|IMSIN|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

IMCONJUGATE

Thisfunctionreturnsthecomplexconjugateofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMCONJUGATE(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheconjugate.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMCONJUGATE("3+5j")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COMPLEX|IMABS|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthecosineofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMCOS(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthecosine.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMCOS("3+5j")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COMPLEX|IMSIN|IMARGUMENT|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

IMCOSH

Thisfunctioncalculatesthehyperboliccosineofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMCOSH(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthehyperboliccosinefor.

Remarks

Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplex_numargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".

DataTypes

Examples

IMCOSH("8-3i")givestheresult-1475.563

IMCOSH("7-2i")givestheresult-228.180

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctioncalculatesthecotangentofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMCOT(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthecotangentfor.

Remarks

Anerrorisreturnedifthecomplexn_umargumentisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".

DataTypes

Examples

IMCOT("2-3i")givestheresult-0.0037

IMCOT("1-3i")givestheresult0.0044

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctioncalculatesthecosecantofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMCSC(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthecosecantfor.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMCSC("13+3i")givestheresult0.0420

IMCSC("7+2i")givestheresult0.1819

VersionAvailable

IMCSCH

Thisfunctioncalculatesthehyperboliccosecantofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMCSCH(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthehyperboliccosecantfor.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMCSCH("15+i")givestheresult3.3055

IMCSCH("8+4i")givestheresult-0.0004

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthequotientoftwocomplexnumbers.

Syntax

IMDIV(complexnum,complexdenom)

Arguments

Argument Descriptioncomplexnum Complexnumeratorordividend

complexdenom Complexdenominatorordivisor

Remarks

Anerrorisreturnediftheargumentsarenotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj".Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.

DataTypes

Examples

IMDIV("3+5j","10+20i")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IMPRODUCT|IMSQRT|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnstheexponentialofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMEXP(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntheexponential.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMEXP("2+5j")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

Thisfunctionreturnsthenaturallogarithmofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMLN(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthenaturallogarithm.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMLN("2+5j")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IMEXP|IMLOG10|IMLOG2|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

IMLOG10

Thisfunctionreturnsthecommonlogarithmofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMLOG10(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthecommonlogarithm.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMLOG10("2+5j")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IMEXP|IMLN|IMLOG2|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

IMLOG2

Thisfunctionreturnsthebase-2logarithmofacomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMLOG2(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthebase-2logarithm.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMLOG2("2+5j")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IMEXP|IMLN|IMLOG10|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

IMPOWER

Thisfunctionreturnsacomplexnumberraisedtoapower.

Syntax

IMPOWER(complexnum,powernum)

Arguments

Argument Descriptioncomplexnum Complexnumbertoraisetoapower

powernum Powertowhichtoraisethecomplexnumber

Thepower(powernumargument)canbeaninteger,negative,orfractional.

Remarks

Anerrorisreturnedifcomplexnumisnotintheform"x+yi"or"x+yj"orifpowernumisnon-numeric.Formoreinformation,refertoComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions.

DataTypes

Examples

IMPOWER("2+5j",4)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IMEXP|IMPRODUCT|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

IMPRODUCT

Thisfunctionreturnstheproductofupto29complexnumbersinthe"x+yi"or"x+yj"textformat.

Syntax

IMPRODUCT(complexnum1,complexnum2,...)

Arguments

Theargumentsarethecomplexnumberstomultiply.Therecanbeupto29ofthem.

Arraysinthex+yiformatorrangereferencesareallowed.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMPRODUCT("2+5j",4)

IMPRODUCT({"1+2i","3+4i"})

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IMDIV|IMPOWER|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

IMREAL

Thisfunctionreturnstherealcoefficientofacomplexnumberinthex+yiorx+yjtextformat.

Syntax

IMREAL(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturntherealcoefficient.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMREAL("2-5j")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COMPLEX|IMAGINARY|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthesecantofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMSEC(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthesecantfor.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMSEC("11-2i")givestheresult0.00126

IMSEC("3-6i")givestheresult-0.00490

VersionAvailable

IMSECH

Thisfunctioncalculatesthehyperbolicsecantofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMSECH(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthehyperbolicsecantfor.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMSECH("3+6i")givestheresult0.09544

IMSECH("7+2i")givestheresult-0.00075

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthesineofacomplexnumberinthex+yiorx+yjtextformat.

Syntax

IMSIN(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthesine.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMSIN("2-5j")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IMCOS|IMARGUMENT|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

IMSINH

Thisfunctioncalculatesthehyperbolicsineofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMSINH(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthehyperbolicsinefor.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMSINH("6+4i")givestheresult-131.848

IMSINH("4+4i")givestheresult-17.83

VersionAvailable

IMSQRT

Thisfunctionreturnsthesquarerootofacomplexnumberinthex+yiorx+yjtextformat.

Syntax

IMSQRT(complexnum)

Arguments

Thecomplexnumargumentisacomplexnumberforwhichtoreturnthesquareroot.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMSQRT("2-5j")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IMDIV|IMPRODUCT|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthedifferenceoftwocomplexnumbersinthex+yiorx+yjtextformat.

Syntax

IMSUB(complexnum1,complexnum2)

Arguments

Thecomplexnum1isacomplexnumberfromwhichtosubtracttheothercomplexnumbercomplexnum2.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMSUB("2+5j","5+3i")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COMPLEX|IMSUM|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumoftwoormorecomplexnumbersinthex+yiorx+yjtextformat.

Syntax

IMSUM(complexnum1,complexnum2,...)

Arguments

Theargumentsarethecomplexnumberstomultiply.Therecanbeupto29ofthem.

Arraysinthe"x+yi"or"x+yj"formatorrangereferencesareallowed.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMSUM("2+5j","5+3i")

IMSUM(A1:B5)

IMSUM({"2+5j","5+3i"})

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COMPLEX|IMSUB|EngineeringFunctions|ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthetangentofspecifiedcomplexnumber.

Syntax

IMTAN(complex_num)

Arguments

Thecomplex_numargumentisacomplexnumbertoreturnthetangentfor.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

IMTAN("8+2i")givestheresult-0.0109

IMTAN("9+3i")givestheresult-0.0037

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsavalueorthereferencetoavaluefromwithinanarrayorrange.

Syntax

INDEX(return,row,col,area)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionreturn Returnsavalueorareferenceofacellorrangeofcells

row Rownumberintherange

col Columnnumberintherange

area [Ifreturnisacellrangereference]Areaoftherange

DataTypes

Examples

INDEX(A2:C3,2,2)

INDEX(R2C1:R3C3,5,3)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CHOOSE|LookupFunctions

INDIRECT

Thisfunctionreturnsthereferencespecifiedbyatextstring.

Syntax

INDIRECT(Reftext,A1)

Arguments

Argument DescriptionReftext AreferencetoacellthatcontainsanA1reference,anR1C1reference,anamedefinedasareference,

oratextstringreferencetoacell.Thisargumentisrequired.

A1 AlogicalvaluethatspecifieswhattypeofreferenceiscontainedinthecellReftext.Thisargumentisoptional.

Remarks

UseINDIRECTwhenyouwanttochangethereferencetoacellwithinaformulawithoutchangingtheformulaitself.ReftextisinterpretedasanA1referenceifA1isTRUEoromitted.ReftextisinterpretedasanR1C1referenceifA1isFALSE.IfReftextisnotavalidcellreference,INDIRECTreturnsthe#REF!errorvalue.ChangingacellvaluecausestheINDIRECTfunctionandalldependentcellstorecalculate.

DataTypes

Acceptsanydata.Returnsanydatatype.

Example

INDIRECT("A1")

INDIRECT(A1)

INDIRECT("R[-"&B1&"]C[-"&B2&"]",false)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

LOOKUP

Thisfunctionreturnsinformationabouttheoperatingsystem.

Syntax

INFO(text)

Arguments

Thetextargumentspecifiesthetypeofinformationtobereturned.

Thefollowingtypesoftextareavailable:

TextType

Returns

directory Currentdirectorypathorfolder

numfile Numberofactiveworksheets

origin Returnstheabsolutecellreferenceofthetopandleftmostcellvisibleinthewindow,basedonthecurrentscrollingposition

osversion Currentoperatingsystemversion(text)

recalc Currentrecalculationmode

release MicrosoftExcelversion(text)

system Operatingenvironment

DataTypes

Acceptsanydata.Returnsanydatatype.

Example

INFO("recalc")givestheresultAutomatic.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionroundsaspecifiednumberdowntothenearestinteger.

Syntax

INT(value)

Arguments

Useanynumericvaluefortheargument.

Remarks

Youcanusethisfunctiontoreturnthedecimalportionofthevalueinacellbysubtractingthevalueofthisfunctionforthecellfromthevalueinthecell,asillustratedinthefirstexample.

TheTRUNCandINTfunctionsaresimilarinthatbothreturnintegers.UsetheTRUNCfunctiontoremovethedecimalportionofthenumber;theTRUNCfunctiondoesnotroundupordown.UsetheINTfunctiontoroundnumbersdowntothenearestinteger-baseddecimalportionofthenumber.Thesefunctionsdifferalsowhenusingnegativenumbers:TRUNC(–4.2)returns–4,butINT(–4.2)returns–5because–5isthelowernumber.

DataTypes

Examples

INT(A3)

R1C2-INT(R1C2)

INT(2.85) gives the result 2

INT(-2.85) gives the result -3

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CEILING|EVEN|FLOOR|TRUNC|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

INTERCEPT

Thisfunctionreturnsthecoordinatesofapointatwhichalineintersectsthey-axis,byusingexistingxvaluesandyvalues.

Syntax

INTERCEPT(dependent,independent)

Arguments

Argument Descriptiondependent Anarrayofknowndependentvalues(y’s)

independent Anarrayofknownindependentvalues(x’s)

Youcanusenumbers,arrays,orreferencesforthearguments.

Remarks

Theinterceptpointisbasedonabest-fitregressionlineplottedthroughtheknownx-valuesandknowny-values.Usetheinterceptwhenyouwanttodeterminethevalueofthedependentvariablewhentheindependentvariableis0(zero).Forexample,youcanusethisfunctiontopredictametal’selectricalresistanceat0°Cwhenyourdatapointsweretakenatroomtemperatureandhigher.

Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludesincalculationscellswiththevaluezero.

Thenumberofdependentdatapointsmustbeequaltothenumberofindependentdatapoints.

whereYisthearrayofdependentvariables,Xisthearrayofindependentvariables,andnisthesizeofthearrays.

DataTypes

Examples

INTERCEPT(G1:G9,F1:F9)

INTERCEPT(R1C7:R9C7,R1C6:R9C6)

INTERCEPT({53000,57000,58000,69000,74500,55620,80000, 68700},{35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39}) gives the result 37060.4809987149

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FORECAST|StatisticalFunctions

INTRATE

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinterestrateforafullyinvestedsecurity.

Syntax

INTRATE(settle,mature,invest,redeem,basis)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity.

mature Maturitydateforthesecurity.

invest Amountinvestedinthesecurity.

redeem Amounttobereceivedatmaturity.

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settle,mature,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifinvestorredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomature,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

INTRATE(A1,B3,70000,72000,3)

INTRATE(R1C1,R4C4,82000,86500,2)

INTRATE("3/1/2003","5/31/2003",65000,70000,2) gives the result 0.304311074

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ACCRINT|EFFECT|RATE|RECEIVED|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthepaymentofinterestonaloan.

Syntax

IPMT(rate,per,nper,pval,fval,type)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionrate Valueofinterestrateperperiod.

per Numberoftheperiodforwhichtofindtheinterest,between1andnper

nper Totalnumberofpaymentperiodsinanannuity.

pval Presentvalue,worthnow

fval [Optional]Futurevalue,cashvalueafterthelastpayment;ifomitted,thecalculationuseszero

Remarks

Theresultisrepresentedbyanegativenumberbecauseitismoneypaidoutbyyou.

DataTypes

Examples

IPMT(0.65,A1,B3,C42)

IPMT(R1C1,R12C12,R13C13,R32C1)

IPMT(0.45, 2, 30, 6000) gives the result -$2,699.98

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PMT|PPMT|RATE|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnstheinternalrateofreturnforaseriesofcashflowsrepresentedbythenumbersinanarray.

Syntax

IRR(arrayvals,estimate)

Remarks

Argument Descriptionarrayvals Anarrayofnumbersforwhichyouwanttoestimatetheinternalrateofreturnrepresenting

paymentsandincomeoccurringatregularintervals(andusepositiveforincomeandnegativeforpayment)

estimate [Optional]Anestimateoftheinternalrateofreturn;ifomitted,thecalculationuses0.1(10percent)

Valuesmustcontainatleastonepositivevalue(someincome)andonenegativevalue(apayment)tocalculatetheinternalrateofreturn.

Remarks

Thisfunctionusestheorderofvaluestointerprettheorderofpaymentsandincome.Besuretoenteryourpaymentandincomevaluesinthesequenceyouwantwithcorrectsigns.Thepaymentsandincomemustoccuratregulartimeintervals,suchasmonthlyorannually.

Thefunctioniscalculatedusinganiterativetechnique.Startingwiththeestimate,thisfunctioncyclesthroughthecalculationuntiltheresultisaccuratewithin0.00001(0.001percent).Ifthisfunctioncannotfindaresultthatworksafter50iterations,itreturnsanerror.

Ifthefunctionreturnsanerrororiftheresultisnotclosetowhatyouexpected,tryagainwithadifferentvaluefortheestimate.

ThisfunctioniscloselyrelatedtoNPV,thenetpresentvaluefunction.TherateofreturncalculatedbyIRRistheinterestratecorrespondingtoa0(zero)netpresentvalue.

Forascheduleofcashflowsthatisnon-periodic,useXIRR.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments,thefirstbeinganarray.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

IRR(D1:D6)

IRR(R1C4:R6C4, -.02)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

MIRR|NPV|XIRR|FinancialFunctions

ISBLANK

Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellisempty.

Syntax

ISBLANK(cellreference)

ISBLANK(value)

ISBLANK(expression)

Arguments

Specifyacellreference,anumericortextvalue,oranexpressionfortheargument.

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontotestthecontentsofacell,anumericortextvaluedirectly,orafunctionorexpression.

ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEifthevaluereferstoanemptycellortonodata.

Note:Spread'simplementationoffunctionsgenerallytriestofollowthebehaviorfoundinpopularspreadsheetapplications.However,notalltheseapplicationsagreewhethertheemptystring""shouldbetreatedthesameasanemptycell.InSpread,boththeCOUNTBLANKandISBLANKfunctionsconsistentlytreattheemptystring""differentlythananemptycell.

DataTypes

Acceptsanydatatypeforanargument.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.

Examples

ISBLANK(B1)

ISBLANK(A4)

ISBLANK(A4-52)

ISBLANK(4) gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COUNTBLANK|ISERROR|ISREF|ISTEXT|InformationFunctions

Thisfunction,IsErrorOtherThanNotAvailable,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasanerrorotherthannotavailable(#N/A).

Syntax

ISERR(cellreference)

ISERR(value)

ISERR(expression)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

ISERR(B12)

ISERR(R12C2)

ISERR(#N/A) gives the result FALSE

ISERR(#REF!) gives the result TRUE

ISERR(C14) gives the result TRUEif C14 contains a #NUM! error.

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ERRORTYPE|ISERROR|ISNA|InformationFunctions

ISERROR

Thisfunction,IsErrorofAnyKind,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasanerrorofanykind.

Syntax

ISERROR(cellreference)

ISERROR(value)

ISERROR(expression)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

ISERROR(B12)

ISERROR(R12C2)

ISERROR(#N/A) gives the result TRUE

ISERROR(#REF!) gives the result TRUE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ERRORTYPE|ISERR|ISNA|InformationFunctions

ISEVEN

Thisfunction,IsNumberEven,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcelliseven.

Syntax

ISEVEN(cellreference)

ISEVEN(value)

ISEVEN(expression)

Arguments

Remarks

Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentiseven,thefunctionreturnsTRUE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentisodd,thefunctionreturnsFALSE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentiszero,thefunctionreturnsTRUE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentreferstoanemptycellortonodata,thefunctionreturnsTRUE.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.

Examples

ISEVEN(B3)

ISEVEN(R1C2)

ISEVEN(574) gives the result TRUE

ISEVEN(9) gives the result FALSE

ISEVEN(2.4) gives the result TRUE

ISEVEN(3.6) gives the result FALSE

ISEVEN(ROUND(3.6)) gives the result TRUE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ISODD|EVEN|InformationFunctions

ISFORMULA

Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencecellisaformula.

Syntax

ISFORMULA(reference)

Arguments

Specifythecellreferencefortheargument.

Remarks

ThisfunctionreturnsFALSEifthevaluereferstoanemptycellortonodata.

Thisfunctionisusedtotestthecontentsofacell.

DataTypes

Acceptscellreferenceforargument.ReturnsBoolean(TRUEorFALSE)data.

Examples

ISFORMULA(B4)returnsfalse,whereB4isacellreferencewithanumericvalue56.

VersionAvailable

ISLOGICAL

Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellisalogical(Boolean)value.

Syntax

ISLOGICAL(cellreference)

ISLOGICAL(value)

ISLOGICAL(expression)

Arguments

Remarks

ThisfunctionreturnsFALSEifthevaluereferstoanemptycellortonodata.

DataTypes

Examples

ISLOGICAL(B7)

ISLOGICAL(R4C8)

ISLOGICAL(true) gives a result TRUE

ISLOGICAL(OR(B7,B8)) gives a result TRUE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ISNONTEXT|ISNUMBER|ISTEXT|InformationFunctions

Thisfunction,IsNotAvailable,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasthenotavailable(#N/A)errorvalue.

Syntax

ISNA(cellreference)

ISNA(value)

ISNA(expression)

Arguments

Remarks

ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEifthevalueisorreferstotheNotAvailableerrorvalue,andreturnsFALSEifthevalueisorreferstoacellwithnodata.

DataTypes

Examples

ISNA(B12)

ISNA(R12C2)

ISNA(#N/A)gives the result TRUE

ISNA(NA())gives the result TRUE

ISNA(#REF)gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ERRORTYPE|ISERR|ISERROR|NA|InformationFunctions

ISNONTEXT

Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasanydatatypeotherthantext.

Syntax

ISNONTEXT(cellreference)

ISNONTEXT(value)

ISNONTEXT(expression)

Arguments

Remarks

ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEifthevaluereferstoablankcell.

DataTypes

Examples

ISNONTEXT(A3)

ISNONTEXT(R3C1)

ISNONTEXT(12) gives the result TRUE

ISNONTEXT("Total") gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ISLOGICAL|ISNUMBER|ISTEXT|InformationFunctions

ISNUMBER

Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasnumericdata.

Syntax

ISNUMBER(cellreference)

ISNUMBER(value)

ISNUMBER(expression)

Arguments

Remarks

ThisfunctionreturnsTRUEiftheargumentisorreferstoanumber,andreturnsFALSEiftheargumentisorreferstoavaluethatisnotanumber.ThisfunctionreturnsFALSEifthevalueisorreferstoacellwithnodata.

Youmightwanttousethisfunctiontotestwhethercellscontainnumericdatabeforeyouperformmathematicaloperationsonthem,suchasaveragingthecontentsofarangeofcells.

DataTypes

Examples

ISNUMBER(B3)

ISNUMBER(R1C2)

ISNUMBER(12) gives the result TRUE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ISO.CEILING

Thisfunctionroundsanumberuptothenearestintegerormultipleofaspecifiedvalue.

Syntax

ISO.CEILING(value,signif)

Arguments

signif [Optional]Numberrepresentingtheroundingfactor,defaultvalueis1

Ifthenumberorthesignifiszero,zeroisreturned.Theabsolutevalueofthemultipleisused,sothisfunctionreturnsthemathematicalceilingregardlessofthenumbersignsandsignificance.

DataTypes

Examples

ISO.CEILING(4.3)givestheresult5

ISO.CEILING(-2.5,2)givestheresult-2

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CEILING

Thisfunction,IsNumberOdd,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhasnumericdata.

Syntax

ISODD(cellreference)

ISODD(value)

ISODD(expression)

Arguments

Remarks

Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentisodd,thefunctionreturnsTRUE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentiseven,thefunctionreturnsFALSE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentiszero,thefunctionreturnsFALSE.Ifthenumberspecifiedbytheargumentreferstoanemptycellortonodata,thefunctionreturnsTRUE.

DataTypes

Examples

ISODD(B3)

ISODD(R1C2)

ISODD(12) gives the result FALSE

ISODD(2.5) gives the result FALSE

ISODD(3.6) gives the result TRUE

ISODD(ROUND(3.6)) gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ISEVEN|ODD|InformationFunctions

ISOWEEKNUM

ThisfunctioncalculatesthenumberISOweeknumberoftheyearforspecifieddate.

Syntax

ISOWEEKNUM(date)

Arguments

Specifythedateargumentasanumber(asin37806),astringorreferencetocellcontaingtheinformation.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericorstringdataforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ISOWEEKNUM("5/9/2015")givestheresult19.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinterestpaidduringaspecificperiodofaninvestment.

Syntax

ISPMT(rate,per,nper,pv)

Remarks

Argument Descriptionrate Interestratefortheinvestment.

per Numberoftheperiodforwhichtofindtheinterest,between1andnper.

nper Totalnumberofpaymentperiodsfortheinvestment.

pv Presentvalueoftheinvestment.

Remarks

Beconsistentwiththeunitsforrateandnper.

Thecashyoupayoutisrepresentedbynegativenumbersandthecashyoureceivebypositivenumbers.

DataTypes

Examples

ISPMT(B1,C4,C5,1)

ISPMT(R1C2,R4C3,R6C3,R7C3)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IPMT|PMT|PV|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunction,IsReference,testswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellisareferencetoanothercell.

Syntax

ISREF(cellreference)

ISREF(value)

ISREF(expression)

Arguments

Remarks

Iftheargumentisareference,thisfunctionreturnsTRUE.Iftheargumentisnotareference,thisfunctionreturnsFALSE.

DataTypes

Examples

ISREF(B3) gives the result TRUE

ISREF(R1C2) gives the result TRUE

ISREF(12) gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ISBLANK|InformationFunctions

ISTEXT

Thisfunctiontestswhetheravalue,anexpression,orcontentsofareferencedcellhastextdata.

Syntax

ISTEXT(cellreference)

ISTEXT(value)

ISTEXT(expression)

Arguments

Remarks

Ifthedatatypeoftheargumentistext,thisfunctionreturnsTRUE.Ifthedatatypeoftheargumentisnottext,thisfunctionreturnsFALSE.Iftheargumentreferstoanemptycell,thisfunctionreturnsFALSE.

DataTypes

Examples

ISTEXT(B3)

ISTEXT(R1C2)

ISTEXT("Total") gives the result TRUE

ISTEXT(12) gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ISLOGICAL|ISNONTEXT|ISNUMBER|T|InformationFunctions

Thisfunctiontransformshalf-width(single-byte)characterstofull-width(double-byte)characters.

Syntax

JIS(text)

Arguments

Fortheargument,textorareferencetoacellthatcontainsthetexttochange.

Remarks

Ifthetextdoesnotcontainhalf-widthletters,thenthetextisnotchanged.

DataTypes

Examples

JIS("SPREAD")givestheresult"SPREAD"

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthekurtosisofadataset.

Syntax

KURT(value1,value2,value3,value4,...)

KURT(array)

KURT(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Forthearguments,youcanusenumbers,arrays,orreferences.Ifanarrayorreferenceargumentcontainstext,logicalvalues,oremptycells,thefunctionignoresthosevalues;however,thefunctionincludescellswiththevaluezeroinitscalculations.

Youmustprovidefourormorevaluearguments.Youmayprovideupto255arguments.

Remarks

Kurtosisdescribeshowpeakedorflatadistributioniscomparedwiththenormaldistribution.Positivekurtosisindicatesarelativelypeakeddistribution.Negativekurtosisindicatesarelativelyflatdistribution.

Ifthestandarddeviationofthevaluesiszero,thisfunctionreturnsthe#DIV/0!errorvalue.

DataTypes

Examples

KURT(F1:F8)

KURT(R1C6:R8C6)

KURT(F1:F8,G1:G8)

KURT(35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39) gives the result -0.7496238078

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

GAMMADIST|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthenthlargestvalueinadataset,wherenisspecified.

Syntax

LARGE(array,n)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray Arrayfromwhichtoreturnthenthlargestvalue

n Theposition(fromthelargestvalue)forwhichtoreturnthevalue(forexample,5toreturnthefifthlargestvalue).Mustbeequaltoorlessthanthenumberofitemsinthearray.

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontoselectavaluebasedonitsrelativestanding.Forexample,youcanuseittoreturnthethird-placescoreinacompetition.

DataTypes

Acceptsarrayandnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

LARGE(F1:F8,2)

LARGE(R1C6:R8C6,5)

LARGE({35,31,47,51,37,31,58,39},3) gives the result 47.0000000000

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

SMALL|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnstheleastcommonmultipleoftwonumbers.

Syntax

LCM(number1,number2)

Arguments

Forthearguments,usenumericvaluesorarrays.Iftheargumentsarenotintegers,theyaretruncatedtointegers.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.

Remarks

Theleastcommonmultipleisthesmallestpositiveintegerthatisamultipleofallintegersgiven.

Usethisfunctiontoaddfractionswithdifferentdenominatorsbycalculatingtheleastcommonmultipleofbothdenominatorsfirst.

DataTypes

Examples

LCM(B12,C22)

LCM(R12C2,R22C3)

LCM(300,500) gives the result 1500

LCM(12.3,16.99) gives the result 48

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

GCD|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthespecifiedleftmostcharactersfromatextvalue.

Syntax

LEFT(mytext,num_chars)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionmytext Textstringthatcontainsthecharactersyouwanttoextract.

num_chars [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoextract;ifomitted,usesone;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Themytextargumentcanbeastring,aformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingastring.

Thenum_charsargumenthastheserules:

Itmustbegreaterthanorequaltozero.Ifitisgreaterthanthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturnsallthetext.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforthefirstargumentandnumericdatathesecondargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

LEFT(A2,LEN(A2)–1)

LEFT(R2C1,LEN(R2C1)–1)

LEFT(""TotalPrice"") gives the result T

LEFT(""Total Price"", 5) gives the result Total

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

MID|RIGHT|TextFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthespecifiedleftmostcharactersfromatextvalueonthebasisofthenumberofbytesinthespecifiedvalue.

Syntax

LEFTB(mytext,num_bytes)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionmytext Referstothetextstringthatcontainsthecharactersyouwanttoextract.

num_bytes [Optional]Referstothenumberofbytestoextract.Ifthisvalueisnotgiven,itusesone.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

Remarks

Thenum_bytesargumenthasthefollowingrules:

DataTypes

Examples

LEFTB("rheabuto",4)givestheresultrhea.

LEFTB("rheabuto")givesthresultr.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthelengthof,thenumberofcharactersin,atextstring.

Syntax

LEN(value)

Arguments

Theargumentisthetextwhoselengthyouwanttofind.Spacescountascharacters.Theargumentmustbeastringoracellreferencetoastringvalue.

DataTypes

Examples

LEFT(A2,LEN(A2)–1)

LEN(""FarPoint Technologies, NC"") gives the result 25

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CHAR|TRIM|TextFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofbytesusedtorepresentthecharactersinatextstring.

Syntax

LENB(text_value)

Arguments

Theargumentisthetextwhoselengthyouwanttofind.Spacesinthespecifiedtextvaluearecountedascharacters.Theargumentmustbeastringoracellreferencetoastringvalue.

Remarks

TheLENBfunctioncounts2bytespercharacter,butthishappensonlywhenaDBCSlanguageissetasthedefaultlanguage.

DataTypes

Examples

LENB("rheabuto")givestheresult8.

LENB("rosy")givestheresult4.

VersionAvailable

LINEST

Thisfunctioncalculatesthestatisticsforaline.

Syntax

LINEST(y,x,constant,stats)

Arguments

Theequationforthelineisy=mx+bory=m1x1+m2x2+...+b.

Argument Descriptiony Setofyvaluesthatareknownintherelationshipy=mx+b

x (Optional)Xisanoptionalsetofxvaluesthatmaybeknownintherelationshipy=mx+b

constant Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoforcetheconstantbtoequal0.Iftrueoromittedthenbiscalculatednormally;iffalsethenbisequalto0andthemvaluesareadjustedsothaty=mx.

stats Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoreturnadditionalregressionstatistics.Iftrue,thentheadditionalregressionstatisticsarereturnediffalseoromittedthenonlythem-coefficientsandbarereturned.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

LINEST(A2:A7,C2:C7,,FALSE)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

Thisfunctionreturnsthenaturallogarithmofthespecifiednumber.

Syntax

LN(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,specifyapositivenumericvalue.

Remarks

ThisfunctionistheinverseofEXP,soLN(EXP(x))isx.

DataTypes

Examples

LN(B3)

LN(R1C2)

LN(10) gives the result 2.3025850930

LN(exp(1)) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

EXP|LOG|LOGINV|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

ThisfunctionreturnsthelogarithmbaseYofanumberX.

Syntax

LOG(number,base)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Numberforwhichtofindalogarithm.Thismustbeapositiverealnumber

base [Optional]Baseofthelogarithm;ifomitted,thecalculationuses10asthebase(SeeLOG10.)

DataTypes

Examples

LOG(B3,C5)

LOG(R1C2,R4C4)

LOG(255,16) gives the result 1.9985883592

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

LN|LOG10|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthelogarithmbase10ofthenumbergiven.

Syntax

LOG10(value)

Arguments

The number specified by the argument must be a positive real number.

Data Types

Accepts numeric data. Returns numeric data.

Examples

LOG10(B3)

LOG10(R1C2)

LOG10(115) gives the result 2.0606978404

Version Available

This function is available in product version 1.0 or later.

See Also

LN | LOG | Math and Trigonometry Functions

LOGEST

Thisfunctioncalculatesanexponentialcurvethatfitsthedataandreturnsanarrayofvaluesthatdescribesthecurve.

Syntax

LOGEST(y,x,constant,stats)

Arguments

Theequationforthecurveisy=b*m^xory=(b*(m1^x1)*(m2^x2)*_).

Argument Descriptiony Setofyvaluesthatareknownintherelationshipy=b*m^x

constant Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoforcetheconstantbtoequal0.Iftrueoromittedthenbiscalculatednormally;iffalsethenbisequalto0andthemvaluesareadjustedsothaty=m^x.

stats Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoreturnadditionalregressionstatistics.Iftrue,thentheadditionalregressionstatisticsarereturnediffalseoromittedthenonlythem-coefficientsandbarereturned.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

LOGEST(A2:A7,C2:C7,TRUE,FALSE)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

LOGINV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthelognormalcumulativedistributionfunctionofx,whereLN(x)isnormallydistributedwiththespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.

Syntax

LOGINV(prob,mean,stdev)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionprob Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction

mean Valueofmeanofnaturallogarithmofx,LN(x)

stdev ValuerepresentingthestandarddeviationofLN(x)

Remarks

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseofthelognormalcumulativedistributionfunctions,soifp=LOGNORMDIST(x,...)thenLOGINV(p,...)=x.

DataTypes

Examples

LOGINV(0.92,B8,G22)

LOGINV(0.88,2,1.2) gives the result 30.26479297

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

LN|LOGNORMDIST|StatisticalFunctions

LOGNORM.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthecumulativenaturallognormaldistributionofx,whereLN(x)isnormallydistributedwiththespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.Analyzedatathathasbeenlogarithmicallytransformedwiththisfunction.

Syntax

LOGNORM.DIST(x,mean,stdev,cumulative)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction

Remarks

Ifanyargumentisnonnumeric,thisfunctionreturnsthe#VALUE!errorvalue.

Theequationforthelognormalcumulativedistributionfunctionis:

LOGNORM.DIST(x,µ,o)=NORM.S.DIST(1n(x)-µ / o).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforx,mean,andstdevarguments.AcceptsTRUEorFALSEforcumulative.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

LOGNORM.DIST(0.92,B8,G22,A5)

LOGNORM.DIST(42,2,1.2,TRUE)givestheresult0.9261995869896625

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

LOGNORMDIST

LOGNORM.INV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthelognormalcumulativedistributionfunctionofx,whereLN(x)isnormallydistributedwiththespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.

Syntax

LOGNORM.INV(prob,mean,stdev)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionprob Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction

Remarks

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinverseofthelognormalcumulativedistributionfunctions,soifp=LOGNORM.DIST(x,...)thenLOGNORM.INV(p,...)=x.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumeric.

DataTypes

Examples

LOGNORM.INV(0.92,B8,G22)

LOGNORM.INV(0.88,2,1.2)givestheresult30.264764580330958

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

LOGNORMDIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthecumulativenaturallognormaldistributionofx,whereLN(x)isnormallydistributedwiththespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.Analyzedatathathasbeenlogarithmicallytransformedwiththisfunction.

Syntax

LOGNORMDIST(x,mean,stdev)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Valueatwhichtoevaluatethefunction

Remarks

Ifp=LOGNORMDIST(x,...)thenLOGINV(p,...)=x.

DataTypes

Examples

LOGNORMDIST(0.92,B8,G22)

LOGNORMDIST(42,2,1.2) gives the result 0.926199546

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

LN|LOGINV|StatisticalFunctions

LOOKUP

Thisfunctionsearchesforavalueandreturnsavaluefromthesamelocationinasecondarea.

Syntax

LOOKUP(lookupvalue,lookupvector,resultvector)

LOOKUP(lookupvalue,lookuparray)

Arguments

VectorForm

Theargumentsforthevectorformare:

Argument Descriptionlookupvalue Valueforwhichtosearch;canbenumber,text,logicalvalue,ornameorreferencethatreferstoa

lookupvector Cellrangethatcontainsoneroworonecolumn;canbetext,numbers,oralogicalvalue;valuesneedtobeinascendingorder

resultvector Cellrangethatcontainsoneroworcolumn;mustbethesamesizeaslookupvector

ArrayForm

Theargumentsforthearrayformare:

Argument Descriptionlookupvalue Valueforwhichtosearch;canbenumber,text,logicalvalue,ornameorreferencethatreferstoa

lookuparray Rangeofcellsthatcontainstext,numbers,orlogicalvalues;valuesmustbeascendingorder

Remarks

VectorForm

Thevectorformofthisfunctionsearchesforavaluefromarangewithasingleroworcolumnandreturnsavaluefromthesamelocationinasecondoneroworonecolumnrange.

Inthevectorform,iflookupvaluecannotbefound,itmatchesthelargestvalueinlookupvectorthatislessthanorequaltolookupvalue.

ArrayForm

Thearrayformofthisfunctionsearchesinthefirstroworcolumnofanarrayforthespecifiedvalueandreturnsavaluefromthesamelocationinthelastroworcolumnofthearray.

Inthearrayform,iflookuparrayhasmorecolumnsthanrowsthenthefirstrowissearched.Iflookuparrayhasmorerowsthancolumnsthenthefirstcolumnissearched.Thevaluesinlookuparraymustbeinascendingorder.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericorstringdata.Returnsnumericorstringdata.

Examples

LOOKUP(30,A1:A5,B1:B5)

LOOKUP("A",{"a","b","c","d";1,2,3,5})

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

HLOOKUP|VLOOKUP|LookupFunctions

Thisfunctionconvertstexttolowercaseletters.

Syntax

LOWER(string)

Arguments

Theargumentisthetextyouwanttoconverttolowercase.Thisfunctiondoesnotchangecharactersinvaluethatarenotletters.Theargumentmaybeastring,areferencetoacellcontainingastring,oraformulathatreturnsastring.

DataTypes

Examples

LOWER(A4)

LOWER(R4C1)

LOWER(""Road Race 2"") gives the result road race 2

LOWER(CONCATENATE(A1,A5))

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

UPPER|T|TextFunctions

Functions M to Q

FunctionsMtoQ

MATCH MAX MAXA MAXIFS

MDETERM MDURATION MEDIAN MID

MIDB MIN MINA MINIFS

MINUTE MINVERSE MIRR MMULT

MOD MODE MODE.MULT MODE.SNGL

MONTH MROUND MULTINOMIAL MUNIT

N NA NEGBINOM.DIST NEGBINOMDIST

NETWORKDAYS NETWORKDAYS.INTL NOMINAL NORM.DIST

NORM.INV NORM.S.DIST NORM.S.INV NORMDIST

NORMINV NORMSDIST NORMSINV NOT

NOW NPER NPV NUMBERVALUE

OCT2BIN OCT2DEC OCT2HEX ODD

OFFSET OR PDURATION PEARSON

PERCENTILE PERCENTILE.EXC PERCENTILE.INC PERCENTRANK

PERCENTRANK.EXC PERCENTRANK.INC PERMUT PERMUTATIONA

PHI PHONETIC PI PMT

POISSON POISSON.DIST POWER PPMT

PRICE PRICEDISC PRICEMAT PROB

PRODUCT PROPER PV QUARTILE

QUARTILE.EXC QUARTILE.INC QUOTIENT

Thisfunctionreturnstherelativepositionofaspecifiediteminarange.

Syntax

MATCH(value1,array,type)

Arguments

Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Argument Descriptionvalue Valuetosearchfor

array Rangetosearchin

type [Optional]Valuetoreturniftheformulareturnsanerror

Remarks

Thevaluecanbeanumber,text,orlogicalvalueoracellreferencetoanumber,text,orlogicalvalue.Thearrayistherangeofcellstosearch.

Thetypecanbe0(firstvaluethatisequaltovalue),1(largestvaluethatislessthanorequaltovalue),or-1(smallestvaluethatisgreaterthanorequaltovalue)andisoptional.

DataTypes

Thevaluecanbeanumber,text,orlogicalvalueoracellreferencetoanumber,text,orlogicalvalue.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

MATCH(25,A1:E5)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

MIN|LOOKUP|LookupFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthemaximumvalue,thegreatestvalue,ofallthevaluesinthearguments.

Syntax

MAX(value1,value2,...)

MAX(array)

MAX(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloatingpointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarrayofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks

ThisfunctiondiffersfromMAXA,whichallowstextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

MAX(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5)

MAX(A1:A9)

MAX(R1C2:R1C15,R2C2:R2C15)

MAX(2,15,12,3,7,19,4) gives the result 19

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

MIN|MAXA|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthelargestvalueinalistofarguments,includingtextandlogicalvalues.

Syntax

MAXA(value1,value2,...)

MAXA(array)

MAXA(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloatingpointvalue,anintegervalue,text,orlogicalvalues.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks

ThisfunctiondiffersfromMAXbecauseitallowstextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,text,orlogicaldataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

MAXA(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5)

MAXA(A1:A9)

MAXA(R1C2:R1C15,R2C2:R2C15)

MAXA(2,15,12,3,7,19,4) gives the result 19

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

MINA|MAX|StatisticalFunctions

MAXIFS

Thisfunctionreturnsthemaximumvalueamongthevaluesincellsorthecellrangeprovidedthespecifiedsetofconditionsorthecriteriameets.

Syntax

MAXIFS(max_range, range1, criteria1, [range2,criteria2],..)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionmax_range Referstotherangeofcellsinwhichmaximumwillbecalculated

range1 Referstothesetofcellstobecalculatedbasedonthecriteria

criteria1 Referstothecriteria(intermsofnumber,expression,ortext)accordingtowhichcellswillbecalculated

range2,criteria2...

[Optional]Referstotheadditionalrangesandtheircorrespondingcriteria

Remarks

Ifthesizeandshapeofmax_rangeandrangeN (refers to range1,2,3,4,......N) argumentsisnotsame,thisfunctionwillreturnthe#VALUE!error.

Ifcellsdonotmatchwiththespecifiedcriteria,thisfunctionwillreturn0.

DataTypes

Acceptseithernumericdata,expression,ortextforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

MAXIFS(C4:C7,B4:B7,"325")givestheresult656

MAXIFS(C4:C7,B4:B7,"55")givestheresult0

VersionAvailable

MDETERM

Thisfunctionreturnsthematrixdeterminantofanarray.

Syntax

MDETERM(array)

Arguments

Thearrayisanumericarraythathasanequalnumberofcolumnsandrows.

Arrayscanbeacellrange.Ifanyofthearraycellsareemptyorcontaintextthenanerrorisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsanarray.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

MDETERM(A3:E7)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

MINVERSE|MMULT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

MDURATION

ThisfunctioncalculatesthemodifiedMacauleydurationofasecuritywithanassumedparvalueof$100.

Syntax

MDURATION(settlement,maturity,coupon,yield,frequency,basis)

Arguments

coupon Annualcouponrate

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettlementormaturityisinvalidora#NUM!errorwhenfrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4.Ifcouponislessthan0oryieldislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettlementisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

MDURATION(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DURATION|FinancialFunctions

MEDIAN

Thisfunctionreturnsthemedian,thenumberinthemiddleoftheprovidedsetofnumbers;thatis,halfthenumbershavevaluesthataregreaterthanthemedian,andhalfhavevaluesthatarelessthanthemedian.

Syntax

MEDIAN(value1,value2,...)

MEDIAN(array)

MEDIAN(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Ifthereareanevennumberofarguments,thefunctioncalculatestheaverageofthetwonumbersinthemiddle.

DataTypes

Examples

MEDIAN(A3,B5,C1,D4,E7)

MEDIAN(A1:A9)

MEDIAN(R1C2,R3C5,R4C7,R6C7)

MEDIAN(89,95,76,88,92) gives the result 89

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVERAGE|MODE|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnstherequestednumberofcharactersfromatextstringstartingatthepositionyouspecify.

Syntax

MID(text,start_num,num_chars)

Arguments

Argument Descriptiontext Textstringcontainingthecharactersyouwanttoextract

start_num Numberrepresentingthefirstcharacteryouwanttoextractintext,withthefirstcharacterinthetexthavingavalueofone(1);ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

num_chars Numberofcharacterstoreturnfromtext;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Thetextargumentcanbeastring,aformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingastring.Thestart_numargumenthastheserules

Ifstart_numisgreaterthanthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturns""(emptytext).Ifstart_numislessthanthelengthoftext,butstart_numplusnum_charsexceedsthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturnsthecharactersuptotheendoftext.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforthetextargument,numericdataforthestart_numargument,andnumericdataforthenum_charsargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

MID(B17,5,8)

MID(""wind surfing"", 6, 20) gives the result surfing

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

LEFT|RIGHT|TextFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnstherequestednumberofcharactersfromatextstringstartingatthepositionyouhavespecified(onthebasisofthespecifiednumberofbytes).

Syntax

MIDB(text,start_num,num_bytes)

Arguments

Argument Descriptiontext Referstothetextstringcontainingthecharactersyouwanttoextract.

start_num Referstothenumberrepresentingthefirstcharacteryouwanttoextractintext,withthefirstcharacterinthetexthavingavalueofone(1).Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

num_bytes Referstothenumberofcharacterstoreturnfromtext(inbytes).Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

Thetextargumentcanbeastringoraformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingthatstring.

Thestart_numargumentworksonthefollowingrule:

Ifstart_numisgreaterthanthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturns""(emptytext).Ifstart_numislessthanthelengthoftext,butstart_numplusnum_bytesexceedsthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturnsthecharactersuptotheendoftext.

Remarks

TheMIDBfunctioncounts2bytespercharacter,butthishappensonlywhenaDBCSlanguageissetasthedefaultlanguage.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforthetextargument,numericdataforthestart_numargument,andnumericdataforthenum_bytesargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

MIDB("rosygarden",6,20)givestheresultgarden.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnstheminimumvalue,theleastvalue,ofallthevaluesinthearguments.

Syntax

MIN(value1,value2,...)

MIN(array)

MIN(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloatingpointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarrayofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks

ThisfunctiondiffersfromMINA,whichincludestextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

MIN(A3,B5,C1,D4,E7)

MIN(A1:A9)

MIN(R1C2,R3C5,R4C7,R6C7)

MIN(2,15,12,3,7,19,4) gives the result 2

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

MAX|MINA|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnstheminimumvalueinalistofarguments,includingtextandlogicalvalues.

Syntax

MINA(value1,value2,...)

MINA(array)

MINA(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloatingpointvalue,anintegervalue,text,logicalvalue,oranarrayofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks

ThisfunctiondiffersfromMINbecauseitincludestextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,text,orlogicaldataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

MINA(A3,B5,C1,D4,E7)

MINA(A1:A9)

MINA(R1C2,R3C5,R4C7,R6C7)

MINA(A1,B1) gives the result 0 if A1 is 10 and B1 is FALSE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

MIN|MAXA|StatisticalFunctions

MINIFS

Thisfunctionreturnstheminimumvalueamongthevaluesincellsorthecellrangeprovidedthespecifiedsetofconditionsorthecriteriameets.

Syntax

MINIFS(max_range, range1, critera1, [range2,criteria2],..)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionmin_range Referstotherangeofcellsinwhichminimumwillbecalculated

range1 Referstothesetofcellstobecalculatedbasedoncriteria

criteria1 Referstothecriteria(intermofnumber,expression,ortext)accordingtowhichcellswillbecalculated

range2,criteria2...

[Optional]Referstotheadditionalrangesandthiercorrespondingcriteria

Remarks

Ifthesizeandshapeofmin_rangeandrangeN (refers to range1,2,3,4,......N) argumentsisnotsame,thisfunctionwillreturnthe#VALUE!error.

Ifcellsdonotmatchwiththespecifiedcriteria,thisfunctionwillreturn0.

DataTypes

Acceptseithernumericdata,expression,ortextforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

MINIFS(A3:A7,B3:B7,23)givestheresult0.

MINIFS(A3:A7,B3:B7,325)givestheresult325.

VersionAvailable

MINUTE

Thisfunctionreturnstheminutecorrespondingtoaspecifiedtime.

Syntax

MINUTE(time)

Arguments

Remarks

Theminuteisreturnedasaninteger,rangingfrom0to59.

DataTypes

Examples

MINUTE(D1)

MINUTE(R1C4)

MINUTE(0.7) gives the result 48

MINUTE("12:17") gives the result 17

MINUTE(TIME(12,0,0))

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

HOUR|SECOND|DateandTimeFunctions

MINVERSE

Thisfunctionreturnstheinversematrixforthematrixstoredinanarray.

Syntax

MINVERSE(array)

Arguments

Thearrayisanumericarraythathasanequalnumberofcolumnsandrows.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

MINVERSE(A3:E7)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

MDETERM|MMULT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthemodifiedinternalrateofreturnforaseriesofperiodiccashflows.

Syntax

MIRR(arrayvals,payment_int,income_int)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarrayvals Anarrayofnumbersforwhichyouwanttoestimatetheinternalrateofreturnrepresenting

paymentsandincomeoccurringatregularintervals(andusepositiveforincomeandnegativeforpayment)

payment_int Interestrateonmoneyincashflows

income_int Interestrateonmoneyinvestedfromcashflows

Valuesmustcontainatleastonepositivevalue(someincome)andonenegativevalue(apayment)tocalculatetheinternalrateofreturn.Thepaymentsandincomemustoccuratregulartimeintervals,suchasmonthlyorannually.

Remarks

Thisfunctionusestheorderofvaluestointerprettheorderofpaymentsandincome.Besuretoenteryourpaymentandincomevaluesinthesequenceyouwantwithcorrectsigns.Thepaymentsandincomemustoccuratregulartimeintervals,suchasmonthlyorannually.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments,thefirstbeinganarray.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

MIRR(D1:D6, D10, D12)

MIRR(R1C4:R6C4, R10C4, R12C4)

MIRR({7300,-15000,4036,3050},6.5%,8%) gives the result 0.0564050548577524

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IRR|XIRR|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthematrixproductfortwoarrays.

Syntax

MMULT(array1,array2)

Arguments

Thearraysarenumericarrayswherethecolumnsinarray1matchtherowsinarray2.

Remarks

DataTypes

Acceptsanarrayforallarguments.Returnsanarray.

Examples

MMULT(A2:B3,D5:E6)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

MDETERM|MINVERSE|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnstheremainderofadivisionoperation.

Syntax

MOD(dividend,divisor)

Arguments

Argument Descriptiondividend Numberforwhichyouwanttofindtheremainderbydividingthedivisorintoit

divisor Numberbywhichyouwanttodividethedividendargument

Remarks

Theremainderhasthesamesignasthedivisor.

DataTypes

Examples

MOD(B3,10)

MOD(C4,B2)

MOD(R1C2,12)

MOD(255,16) gives the result 15

MOD(-3,2) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PRODUCT|QUOTIENT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthemostfrequentlyoccurringvalueinasetofdata.

Syntax

MODE(value1,value2,...)

MODE(array)

MODE(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Remarks

Ifnovalueoccursmorethanonce,thefunctiondoesnotreturnavalue.Ifmorethanonevalueoccursthesamenumberoftimes,thefunctionreturnsthefirstvaluethatrepeatsthatsamenumberoftimes.

DataTypes

Examples

MODE(A3,B3,C3,D3)

MODE(A1:A9)

MODE(R1C2,12,10,R2C3)

MODE(A2:A9,B2:B9,B12:35)

MODE(89,95,88,97,88,74) gives the result 88

MODE(1,2,2,3,4,5,5) gives the result 2

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVERAGE|MEDIAN|StatisticalFunctions

MODE.MULT

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsaverticalarrayofthemostfrequentlyoccurringvalueinasetofdata.

Syntax

MODE.MULT(value1,value2,...)

MODE.MULT(array)

MODE.MULT(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

MODE.MULT(A3,B3,C3,D3)

MODE.MULT(A1:A9)

MODE.MULT(R1C2,12,10,R2C3)

MODE.MULT(A2:A9,B2:B9,B12:35)

MODE.MULT(89,95,88,97,88,74)givestheresult88

MODE.MULT(1,2,2,3,4,5,5)givestheresult2

VersionAvailable

MODE.SNGL

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthemostfrequentlyoccurringvalueinasetofdata.

Syntax

MODE.SNGL(value1,value2,...)

MODE.SNGL(array)

MODE.SNGL(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Remarks

Thisfunctionmeasuresthecentraltendencywhichisthecenterlocationofagroupofnumbersinastatisticaldistribution.Somecommonmeasuresoftendencyareaverage,median,andmode.Averageisthearithmeticmean,andiscalculatedbyaddingagroupofnumbersandthendividingbythenumbercount.Medianisthemiddlenumberofagroupofnumberswherehalfofthenumbershavevaluesthataregreaterthanthemedianandhalfofthenumbershavevaluesthatarelessthanthemedian.

DataTypes

Examples

MODE.SNGL(A3,B3,C3,D3)

MODE.SNGL(A1:A9)

MODE.SNGL(R1C2,12,10,R2C3)

MODE.SNGL(A2:A9,B2:B9,B12:35)

MODE.SNGL(89,95,88,97,88,74)givestheresult88

MODE.SNGL(1,2,2,3,4,5,5)givestheresult2

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthemonthcorrespondingtothespecifieddatevalue.

Syntax

MONTH(date)

Arguments

Remarks

Themonthisreturnedasaninteger,rangingfrom1(January)to12(December).

DataTypes

Examples

MONTH(L4)

MONTH(R4C12)

MONTH(366) gives the result 12

MONTH("12/17/2004") gives the result 12

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DAY|EOMONTH|YEAR|DateandTimeFunctions

MROUND

Thisfunctionreturnsanumberroundedtothedesiredmultiple.

Syntax

MROUND(number,multiple)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Numericvaluetoround

multiple Numericvaluerepresentingtheroundedresult

Remarks

Thisfunctionroundstothenearestmultiple(eitherupordown).Forevennumberswheretheremaybetwochoices(oneroundingupandoneroundingdown),theresultisthenumberfartherfromzero.Forexample,MROUND(18,4)returns20eventhough16isasnearsince20isfartherfromzero.ForMROUND(-18,-4)returns-20sincethatvalueisfartherfromzero.

DataTypes

Examples

MROUND(B14,3)

MROUND(R14C2,5)

MROUND(100,8) gives the result 104

MROUND (11,8) gives the result 8

MROUND (-12,-8) gives the result -16

MROUND (-50,-8) gives the result -48

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ROUND|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

MULTINOMIAL

Thisfunctioncalculatestheratioofthefactorialofasumofvaluestotheproductoffactorials.

Syntax

MULTINOMIAL(value1,value2,...)

MULTINOMIAL(array)

MULTINOMIAL(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Theargumentsarethevaluestocalculateinthemultinomial.Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloatingpointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarrayofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

MULTINOMIAL(D5,D6,D7,D8)

MULTINOMIAL(R5C4,R6C4,R7C4,R8C4)

MULTINOMIAL(1,2,3) gives the result 60

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

MODE|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnstheunitmatrixforthespecifieddimension.

Syntax

MUNIT(dimension)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youneedtoprovideanintegerthatspecifiesthedimensionoftheunitmatrixtoreturn.Theargumentisrequired.

Remarks

Theargumentmustbegreaterthan0.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifdimensionisequaltoorlessthan0.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdata.Returnsaresultantmatrix.

Examples

MUNIT(2)willreturnaunitmatrix2x2.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsavalueconvertedtoanumber.

Syntax

N(value)

Arguments

Useanyvalueastheargument.

Remarks

Itisnotalwaysnecessarytousethisfunction,becauseSpreadautomaticallyconvertsvaluesasnecessaryinmanycases.

DataTypes

Acceptsmanytypesofdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

N(G12)

N(R12C7)

N(2.53) gives the result 2.53

N(TRUE) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ISNUMBER|InformationFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnstheerrorvalue#N/Athatmeans"notavailable."

Syntax

Arguments

Thisfunctiondoesnotrequireanargument.

Remarks

Itisnecessarytoincludeemptyparentheseswiththisfunction.

DataTypes

Returnsanerrorvalue.

Examples

NA(R12C7)

ISNA(NA())gives the result TRUE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ISNA|ISNUMBER|InformationFunctions

NEGBINOM.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthenegativebinomialdistribution.

Syntax

NEGBINOM.DIST(x,r,p,cumulative)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Anintegerrepresentingthenumberoffailuresintrials

r Anintegerrepresentingthethresholdnumberofsuccesses

p ProbabilityofsuccessoneachtrialAnumberbetween0and1

Remarks

Thenumberofsuccessesisfixedandthenumberoftrialsisvariable.Ifpislessthan0orgreaterthan1,thefunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalue.Ifxislessthan0anerrorisreturned.Ifrislessthan1anerrorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

NEGBINOM.DIST(B1,C15,0.335,TRUE)

NEGBINOM.DIST(R1C2,R15C3,0.75,TRUE)

NEGBINOM.DIST(4,13,0.85,TRUE)givestheresult0.9012900017858557

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

NEGBINOMDIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthenegativebinomialdistribution.

Syntax

NEGBINOMDIST(x,r,p)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Anintegerrepresentingthenumberoffailuresintrials

r Anintegerrepresentingthethresholdnumberofsuccesses

p ProbabilityofsuccessoneachtrialAnumberbetween0and1.

DataTypes

Examples

NEGBINOMDIST(B1,C15,0.335)

NEGBINOMDIST(R1C2,R15C3,0.75)

NEGBINOMDIST(4,13,0.85) gives the result 0.111399299

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BINOMDIST|HYPGEOMDIST|StatisticalFunctions

NETWORKDAYS

Thisfunctionreturnsthetotalnumberofcompleteworkingdaysbetweenthestartandenddates.

Syntax

NETWORKDAYS(startdate,enddate,holidays)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionstartdate Datethatisthestartingdate;anumber(asin37806.5),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4)

enddate Datethatistheendingdate;anumber(asin37806.5),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4)

holidays [Optional]Rangeofdatestoexcludefromthecalculation;ifomitted,thecalculationassumesnoholidaysandallweekdaysareworkdays

DataTypes

Examples

NETWORKDAYS(L4,L5)

NETWORKDAYS(R4C12,R1C1,R2C2)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

WORKDAY|NOW|DateandTimeFunctions

NETWORKDAYS.INTL

Thisfunctionreturnsthetotalnumberofcompleteworkingdaysbetweenthestartandenddates.

Syntax

NETWORKDAYS.INTL(startdate,enddate,weekend,holidays)

Arguments

enddate Datethatistheendingdate;anumber(asin37806.5),oraDateTimeobject,asinDATE(2003,7,4)

weekend [Optional]Anumberorstringthatspecifieswhenweekendsoccur.Weekenddaysaredaysoftheweekthatarenotincludedinthenumberofwholeworkingdaysbetweenstartdateandenddate

holidays [Optional]Rangeofdatestoexcludefromthecalculation.Holidayscanbearangeofcellsthatcontainthedates,oranarrayconstantoftheserialvaluesthatrepresentthosedates

Thefollowingtableliststheweekendnumbervalues:

Number Day1oromitted Saturday,Sunday

2 Sunday,Monday

3 Monday,Tuesday

4 Tuesday,Wednesday

5 Wednesday,Thursday

6 Thursday,Friday

7 Friday,Saturday

11 Sundayonly

12 Mondayonly

13 Tuesdayonly

14 Wednesdayonly

15 Thursdayonly

16 Fridayonly

17 Saturdayonly

Remarks

Weekendstringvaluesaresevencharacterslongandeachcharacterinthestringrepresentsadayoftheweek,startingwithMonday.Anon-workdayis1andaworkdayis0.Onlycharacters1and0areallowedinthestring.Thestring1111111alwaysreturns0.

Weekenddaysandholidaysarenotconsideredtobeworkdays.

DataTypes

Examples

NETWORKDAYS.INTL(L4,L5)

NETWORKDAYS.INTL(R4C12,R1C1,R2C2)

NETWORKDAYS.INTL(DATE(2014,9,1),DATE(2014,9,30),"0000111",{"2014/9/2","2014/9/3"})givestheresult16

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

NETWORKDAYS

NOMINAL

Thisfunctionreturnsthenominalannualinterestrateforagiveneffectiverateandnumberofcompoundingperiodsperyear.

Syntax

NOMINAL(effrate,comper)

Arguments

Argument Descriptioneffrate Valuerepresentingtheeffectiveinterestrate

comper Numberofcompoundingperiodsperyear;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorifeffrateorcomperisnonnumeric.Ifeffrateislessthanorequalto0orifcomperislessthan1,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

NOMINAL(A4,A5)

NOMINAL(R4C1,3)

NOMINAL(6.2336%,2) gives the result 0.061393703

NOMINAL(6.2336%,6) gives the result 0.060776004

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

EFFECT|INTRATE|FinancialFunctions

NORM.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthenormaldistributionforthespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.

Syntax

NORM.DIST(x,mean,stdev,cumulative)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Valueforwhichtofindthedistribution

mean Arithmeticmeanofthedistribution

stdev StandarddeviationofthedistributionMustbegreaterthanzero.

cumulative SettoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativedistributionfunction.SettoFALSEtoreturntheprobabilitymassfunction.

Remarks

Ifmean=0,stdev=1,andcumulative=TRUE,thisfunctionreturnsthestandardnormaldistribution,NORMSDIST.

DataTypes

Thex,mean,andstdevargumentsacceptnumericdata.Thecumulativeargumentacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

NORM.DIST(10,A3,B17,FALSE)

NORM.DIST(10,R3C1,R17C2,FALSE)

NORM.DIST(37,41.125,9.86,TRUE)givestheresult0.3378430609671818

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

NORMDIST

NORM.INV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthenormalcumulativedistributionforthegivenmeanandstandarddeviation.

Syntax

NORM.INV(prob,mean,stdev)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthenormaldistribution

stdestdev Standarddeviationofthedistribution;mustbegreaterthanzero

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

NORM.INV(B3,C12,D14)

NORM.INV(R3C2,R12C3,R14C4)

NORM.INV(0.978,32,0.252)givestheresult32.50755088397007

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

NORMINV

NORM.S.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandardnormalcumulativedistributionfunction.

Syntax

NORM.S.DIST(value,cumulative)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalue Anumericvalueforwhichyouwantthedistribution

cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thefunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction

Remarks

Thedistributionhasameanofzeroandastandarddeviationofone.

Usethisfunctioninplaceofatableofstandardnormalcurveareas.

Ifvalueisnonnumeric,the#VALUE!errorvalueisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforvalue.AcceptsTRUEorFALSEforcumulative.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

NORM.S.DIST(F1,TRUE)

NORM.S.DIST(R1C6,TRUE)

NORM.S.DIST(1.288,TRUE)givestheresult0.901127

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

NORMSDIST

NORM.S.INV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthestandardnormalcumulativedistribution.Thedistributionhasameanofzeroandastandarddeviationofone.

Syntax

NORM.S.INV(prob)

Arguments

Theargumentistheprobabilityforthenormaldistribution.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

NORM.S.INV(A3)

NORM.S.INV(R1C2)

NORM.S.INV(0.9244)givestheresult1.435305714537128

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

NORMSDIST

NORMDIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthenormalcumulativedistributionforthespecifiedmeanandstandarddeviation.

Syntax

NORMDIST(x,mean,stdev,cumulative)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Valueforwhichtofindthedistribution

cumulative SettoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativedistributionfunction.SettoFALSEtoreturntheprobabilitymassfunction.

Remarks

Ifmean=0andstdev=1,thisfunctionreturnsthestandardnormaldistribution,NORMSDIST.

DataTypes

Thex,mean,andstdevargumentsacceptnumericdata.Thecumulativeargumentacceptslogicaldata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

NORMDIST(10,A3,B17,FALSE)

NORMDIST(10,R3C1,R17C2,FALSE)

NORMDIST(37,41.125,9.86,TRUE) gives the result 0.3378810361

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

NORMINV|NORMSDIST|StatisticalFunctions

NORMINV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthenormalcumulativedistributionforthegivenmeanandstandarddeviation.

Syntax

NORMINV(prob,mean,stdev)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionprob Probabilityofthenormaldistribution

stdestdev StandarddeviationofthedistributionMustbegreaterthanzero.

DataTypes

Examples

NORMINV(B3,C12,D14)

NORMINV(R3C2,R12C3,R14C4)

NORMINV(0.978,32,0.252) gives the result 32.50755174

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

NORMDIST|NORMSINV|StatisticalFunctions

NORMSDIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandardnormalcumulativedistributionfunction.

Syntax

NORMSDIST(value)

Arguments

Remarks

Thedistributionhasameanofzeroandastandarddeviationofone.

Usethisfunctioninplaceofatableofstandardnormalcurveareas.

DataTypes

Examples

NORMSDIST(F1)

NORMSDIST(R1C6)

NORMSDIST(1.288) gives the result 0.901127

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

NORMDIST|NORMSINV|StatisticalFunctions

NORMSINV

Thisfunctionreturnstheinverseofthestandardnormalcumulativedistribution.Thedistributionhasameanofzeroandastandarddeviationofone.

Syntax

NORMSINV(prob)

Arguments

Theargumentistheprobabilityforthenormaldistribution.

DataTypes

Examples

NORMSINV(A3)

NORMSINV(R1C2)

NORMSINV(0.9244) gives the result 1.43530571453713

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

NORMINV|NORMSDIST|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreversesthelogicalvalueofitsargument.

Syntax

NOT(value)

Arguments

Provideanumericorlogicalvaluefortheargument.

Remarks

Ifthespecifiedvalueiszero,thenthefunctionreturnsTRUE.Ifthespecifiedvalueisavalueotherthanzero,thenthefunctionreturnsFALSE.

DataTypes

Acceptsbooleandata(TRUEorFALSE).Returnsbooleandata(TRUEorFALSE).

Examples

NOT(A3)

NOT(R1C2)

NOT(D5>100)

NOT(0) gives the result TRUE

NOT(TRUE)gives the result FALSE

NOT(12) gives the result FALSE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AND|OR|LogicalFunctions

Thisfunctionisusedtodeterminethecurrentdateandtime.ItreturnsaserialnumberthatrepresentsthecurrentdateandtimeinExcel.Theresultsareupdatedeachtimeaworksheetisopenedorrefreshed.

Syntax

Arguments

Remarks

Thisfunctionisupdatedonlywhenthespreadsheetorcellcontainingthefunctionisrecalculated.Thisisavolatilefunctionwithversion2.5orlater.

DataTypes

Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsanumericvalue.

Examples

If it is 04:50:00 P.M. , February 14, 2019, then:

NOW() gives the result 43510.70174

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionisavailableinproductversion1.0orlater.Thisfunctionisavolatilefunctioninversion2.5orlater.

Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,the NOW function will return the DateTime objectinstead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofperiodsforaninvestmentbasedonapresentvalue,futurevalue,periodicpayments,andaspecifiedinterestrate.

Syntax

NPER(rate,paymt,pval,fval,type)

Arguments

paymt Paymentmadeeachperiod;cannotchangeoverlifeoftheannuity

pval Presentvalue

fval [Optional]Futurevalue;ifomitted,thecalculationuseszero(0)

Remarks

Besuretoexpresstheinterestrateasperperiod.Forexample,ifyoumakemonthlypaymentsonaloanat8percentinterest,use0.08/12fortherateargument.

SeethePVfunctionfortheequationsforcalculatingfinancialvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

NPER(A1/12,50,1000,0,1)

NPER(R1C1/12,50,1000,0,1)

NPER(0.005,-790,90000,0,1) gives the result 167.7227522114

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FV|PMT|PV|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenetpresentvalueofaninvestmentbyusingadiscountrateandaseriesoffuturepaymentsandincome.

Syntax

NPV(discount,value1,value2,...)

Arguments

Argument Descriptiondiscount Rateofdiscountforoneperiod

value1,... Valuesformoneypaidout(asforapayment)arenegativenumbers;valuesformoneyyoureceive(asforincome)arepositivenumbers

Thefunctionincludesincalculationsargumentsthatarenumbers,emptycells,logicalvalues,ortextrepresentationsofnumbers;thefunctionignoresargumentsthatareerrorvaluesortextthatcannotbetranslatedintonumbers.Ifanargumentisanarrayorreference,onlynumbersinthatarrayorreferencearecounted.Emptycells,logicalvalues,text,orerrorvaluesinthearrayorreferenceareignored.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.

Remarks

Thepaymentsandincomemustbeequallyspacedintimeandoccurattheendofeachperiod.Thefunctionusestheorderofthevaluestointerprettheorderofcashflows.Besuretoenteryourpaymentandincomevaluesinthecorrectsequence.

Theinvestmentbeginsoneperiodbeforethedateofthevalue1cashflowandendswiththelastcashflowinthelist.Thecalculationisbasedonfuturecashflows.Ifyourfirstcashflowoccursatthebeginningofthefirstperiod,thefirstvaluemustbeaddedtotheresult,notincludedinthevaluearguments.

ThisfunctionissimilartothePVfunction(presentvalue).UsePVtoworkwithcashflowsthatbeginatthebeginningortheendoftheperiod;thisfunctionallowscashflowsonlyattheendoftheperiod.Unlikethevariablecashflowvaluesofthisfunction,PVcashflowsmustbeconstantthroughouttheinvestment.

ThisisalsorelatedtotheIRRfunction(internalrateofreturn).IRRisequivalenttothisfunctionwhentherateargumentfornetpresentvalueequalszero:NPV(IRR(...),...)=0.

DataTypes

Examples

NPV(0.065,D12:D19)

NPV(R1C1,R12C4:R19C4)

NPV(6.5%, -10000, 3000, 3400, 7700) gives the result $2,055.38

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IRR|PV|FinancialFunctions

NUMBERVALUE

Thisfunctionconvertstexttoanumber,inalocale-independentway.

Syntax

NUMBERVALUE(text,decseparator,groupseparator)

Arguments

Argument Descriptiontext Texttoconverttoanumber

decseparator [Optional]Characterusedtoseparatetheintegerandfractionalpartoftheresult

groupseparator [Optional]Characterusedtoseparategroupingsofnumbers

Remarks

Iftheseparatorargumentsarenotspecified,separatorsfromthecurrentlocaleareused.Theresultis0ifanemptystringisspecifiedasthetextargument.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifthegroupseparatoroccursafterthedecimalseparatorinthetextargument.

DataTypes

Examples

NUMBERVALUE("2.4%")givestheresult0.024

VersionAvailable

OCT2BIN

Thisfunctionconvertsanoctalnumbertoabinarynumber.

Syntax

OCT2BIN(number,places)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Octalnumericvaluetoconvert,mustbe10charactersorless,andmustbebetween7777777000and

Remarks

Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisinvalidorifplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.

DataTypes

Examples

OCT2BIN(77770000)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

OCT2DEC|OCT2HEX|HEX2BIN|DEC2BIN|EngineeringFunctions

OCT2DEC

Thisfunctionconvertsanoctalnumbertoadecimalnumber.

Syntax

OCT2DEC(number)

Arguments

Specifytheoctalnumbertoconvert.Thenumbershouldnotcontainmorethan10octalcharacters.Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisinvalid.

DataTypes

Examples

OCT2DEC(7777)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

OCT2BIN|OCT2HEX|HEX2DEC|DEC2OCT|EngineeringFunctions

OCT2HEX

Thisfunctionconvertsanoctalnumbertoahexadecimalnumber.

Syntax

OCT2HEX(number,places)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Octalnumericvaluetoconvert,mustbe10charactersorless

Remarks

Anerrorvalueisreturnedifthenumberisinvalidorifplacesisnon-numericornegative.Ifplacesisomitted,thecalculationusestheminimumnumberofcharactersnecessary.Thisargumentisusefulforaddingleadingzerostotheresult.

DataTypes

Examples

OCT2HEX(7777)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

OCT2BIN|OCT2DEC|HEX2OCT|DEC2OCT|EngineeringFunctions

Thisfunctionroundsthespecifiedvalueuptothenearestoddinteger.

Syntax

ODD(value)

Arguments

Remarks

Regardlessofthesignofthenumberspecifiedbytheargument,thenumberisroundedawayfromzero.

DataTypes

Examples

ODD(A3)

ODD(R1C2)

ODD(4) gives the result 5

ODD(-2.5) gives the result -3

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CEILING|EVEN|FLOOR|ISODD|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

ODDFPRICE

Thisfunctioncalculatesthepriceper$100facevalueofasecuritywithanoddfirstperiod.

Syntax

ODDFPRICE(settle,maturity,issue,first,rate,yield,redeem,freq,basis)

Arguments

issue Issuedateforthesecurity

first Firstcoupondate

rate Annualinterestrate

redeem Redemptionvalueper$100facevalueforthesecurity

freq Frequencyofpayment,numberofpaymentsperyear

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsanerrorwhensettle,maturity,issue,orfirstisinvalid.Settle,maturity,issue,first,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifrateoryieldislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Maturityshouldbegreaterthanfirstwhichshouldbegreaterthansettlewhichshouldbegreaterthanissue.Otherwisea#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataordates.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ODDFPRICE(A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7,A8,A9)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ODDLPRICE|PRICE|ODDFYIELD|ODDLYIELD|FinancialFunctions

ODDFYIELD

Thisfunctioncalculatestheyieldofasecuritywithanoddfirstperiod.

Syntax

ODDFYIELD(settle,maturity,issue,first,rate,price,redeem,freq,basis)

Arguments

first Firstcoupondate

rate Interestrateofthesecurity

price Priceofthesecurity

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettle,maturity,issue,orfirstisinvalid.Settle,maturity,issue,first,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifrateislessthan0oryieldislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Maturityshouldbegreaterthanfirstwhichshouldbegreaterthansettlewhichshouldbegreaterthanissue.Otherwisea#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

ODDFYIELD(B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B7,B8,B9)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PRICE|ODDLYIELD|ODDFPRICE|ODDLPRICE|FinancialFunctions

ODDLPRICE

Thisfunctioncalculatesthepriceper$100facevalueofasecuritywithanoddlastcouponperiod.

Syntax

ODDLPRICE(settle,maturity,last,rate,yield,redeem,freq,basis)

Arguments

last Lastcoupondate

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettle,maturity,orlastisinvalid.Settle,maturity,issue,last,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifrateislessthan0oryieldislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Maturityshouldbegreaterthansettlewhichshouldbegreaterthanlast.Otherwisea#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataanddates.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ODDLPRICE(C1,C2,A3,C4,C5,C6,C7,C8)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PRICE|ODDFPRICE|ODDFYIELD|ODDLYIELD|FinancialFunctions

ODDLYIELD

Thisfunctioncalculatestheyieldofasecuritywithanoddlastperiod.

Syntax

ODDLYIELD(settle,maturity,last,rate,price,redeem,freq,basis)

Arguments

last Lastcoupondate

price Priceofthesecurity

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettle,maturity,orlastisinvalid.Settle,maturity,last,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifrateislessthan0orpriceislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Maturityshouldbegreaterthansettlewhichshouldbegreaterthanlast.Otherwisea#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataordates.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ODDLYIELD(G1,G2,G3,G4,G5,G6,G7,G8)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PRICE|ODDFPRICE|ODDFYIELD|ODDLPRICE|FinancialFunctions

OFFSET

Thisfunctionreturnsareferencetoarange.Therangeisaspecifiednumberofrowsandcolumnsfromacellorrangeofcells.Thefunctionreturnsasinglecellorarangeofcells.

Syntax

OFFSET(reference,rows,cols,height,width)

Remarks

Thisfunctionhasthesearguments:.

Argument Descriptionreference Thelocationfromwhichtobasetheoffset

rows Numberofrowstowhichtheupperleftcellrefers

cols Numberofcolumnstowhichtheupperleftcellrefers

height [Optional]Numberofreturnedrows;ifomitted,sameasreference

width [Optional]Numberofreturnedcolumns;ifomitted,sameasreference

Thecolscanbepositive(rightofthereference)ornegative(left).Ifheightorwidthisomitted,itisthesameasthereference.

Remarks

Thisisavolatilefunction.

DataTypes

Acceptsacellrangeforreference.Acceptsnumbersforrows,cols,height,andwidth.Returnsacellrange.

Examples

OFFSET(D3,2,3,1,1)

OFFSET(D3:E5,2,3,1,1)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

HLOOKUP|LOOKUP|LookupFunctions

ThisfunctioncalculateslogicalOR.ItreturnsTRUEifanyofitsargumentsaretrue;otherwise,returnsFALSEifallargumentsarefalse.

Syntax

OR(bool1,bool2,...)

OR(array)

OR(array1,array2,...)

OR(expression)

OR(expression1,expression2,...)

Arguments

Providenumeric(1or0)orlogicalvalues(TRUEorFALSE)forupto255arguments.Youcanalsospecifyasinglearrayinsteadoflistingthevaluesseparately,orupto255arrays.Similarly,youcanspecifyanexpressionorupto255expressions.

DataTypes

Examples

OR(B3,B6,B9)

OR(R1C2,R1C3,R1C4,R1C5)

OR(D2:D12)

OR(R12C1:R12C9)

OR(TRUE,FALSE,FALSE) gives the result TRUE

OR(TRUE()) gives the result TRUE

OR(FALSE(),FALSE()) gives the result FALSE

OR(1+1=1,2+2=5) gives the result FALSE

OR(5+3=8,5+4=12) gives the result TRUE

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AND|NOT|LogicalFunctions

PDURATION

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofperiodsrequiredbyaninvestmenttoreachspecifiedvalue.

Syntax

PDURATION(rate,pv,fv)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionrate Valueofinterestrateperperiod

pv Presentvalueoftheinvestment

fv Desiredfuturevalueoftheinvestment

Alltheargumentsofthisfunctionhaspositivevalues.

Remarks

Allthepassedargumentsshouldbepositivevalues.

DataTypes

Examples

PDURATION(0.025/12,1000,1200)givestheresult87.6

VersionAvailable

PEARSON

ThisfunctionreturnsthePearsonproductmomentcorrelationcoefficient,adimensionlessindexbetween-1.0to1.0inclusiveindicativeofthelinearrelationshipoftwodatasets.

Syntax

PEARSON(array_ind,array_dep)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray_ind Arrayofindependentvalues(x’s)

array_dep Arrayofdependentvalues(y’s)

Thearraysmustbethesamesize.

DataTypes

Examples

PEARSON(B4:G7,B8:G11)

PEARSON(R4C2:R7C7,R8C2:R11C7)

PEARSON({2,8,4,16,10,12},{8,2,15,14,18,11}) gives the result 0.262017

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

RSQ|STEYX|StatisticalFunctions

PERCENTILE

Thisfunctionreturnsthenthpercentileofvaluesinarange.

Syntax

PERCENTILE(array,n)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofvaluesrepresentingthedata

n Valuerepresentingthepercentilevaluebetween0and1

DataTypes

Examples

PERCENTILE(A1:A12,0.95)

PERCENTILE(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)

PERCENTILE({5,15,25,50,65},0.45) gives the result 23

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PERCENTRANK|QUARTILE|StatisticalFunctions

PERCENTILE.EXC

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthekthpercentileofvaluesinarangewherekisbetween0..1,exclusive.

Syntax

PERCENTILE.EXC(array,k)

Arguments

k Valuerepresentingthepercentilevaluebetween0and1

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalueifthearrayisempty.Ifkisnonnumeric,#VALUE!isreturned.Ifk=0or1,#NUM!isreturned.Thefunctioninterpolatestodeterminethevalueatthekthpercentileifkisnotamultipleof1/(n-1).Thefunctioninterpolateswhenthevalueforthespecifiedpercentileisbetweentwovaluesinthearray.Ifthefunctioncannotinterpolateforthepercentile,#NUM!isreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

PERCENTILE.EXC(A1:A12,0.95)

PERCENTILE.EXC(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)

PERCENTILE.EXC({5,15,25,50,65},0.45)givestheresult22

VersionAvailable

PERCENTILE.INC

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthekthpercentileofvaluesinarangewherekisbetween0..1,inclusive.

Syntax

PERCENTILE.INC(array,k)

Arguments

k Valuerepresentingthepercentilevaluebetween0and1

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalueifthearrayisempty.Ifkisnonnumeric,#VALUE!isreturned.Ifk<0or>1,#NUM!isreturned.Thefunctioninterpolatestodeterminethevalueatthekthpercentileifkisnotamultipleof1/(n-1).

DataTypes

Examples

PERCENTILE.INC(A1:A12,0.95)

PERCENTILE.INC(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)

PERCENTILE.INC({5,15,25,50,65},0.45)givestheresult23

VersionAvailable

PERCENTRANK

Thisfunctionreturnstherankofavalueinadatasetasapercentageofthedataset.

Syntax

PERCENTRANK(array,n,sigdig)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofdatawithnumericvaluesthatdefinestherelativeranking

n Valueforwhichyouwanttofindtherankinpercentage

sigdig [Optional]Numberofsignificantdigitsfortherankedpercentagevalue;ifomitted,thecalculationusedthreesignificantdigits;ifnotaninteger,numberistruncated

DataTypes

Examples

PERCENTRANK(A1:A12,0.95)

PERCENTRANK(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)

PERCENTRANK(A1:A17,23,3)

PERCENTRANK(R1C1:R43:C1,255.4,2)

PERCENTRANK({10,12,13,14,14,14.5,16,17.5,17.75,20,22},18,4) gives the result 0.8111

PERCENTRANK({10,12,13,14,14,14.5,16,17.5,17.75,20,22},18,1) gives the result 0.8

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PERCENTILE|StatisticalFunctions

PERCENTRANK.EXC

Thisfunctionreturnstherankofavalueinadatasetasapercentage(0..1,exclusive)ofthedataset.

Syntax

PERCENTRANK.EXC(array,n,sigdig)

Arguments

sigdig [Optional]Numberofsignificantdigitsfortherankedpercentagevalue;ifomitted,thecalculationusedthreesignificantdigits

Remarks

Ifarrayisempty,thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalue.Ifsigdig<1,thisfunctionreturnsthe#NUM!errorvalue.

DataTypes

Examples

PERCENTRANK.EXC(A1:A12,0.95)

PERCENTRANK.EXC(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)

PERCENTRANK.EXC(A1:A17,23,3)

PERCENTRANK.EXC(R1C1:R43:C1,255.4,2)

PERCENTRANK.EXC({10,12,13,14,14,14.5,16,17.5,17.75,20,22},18,1)givestheresult0.8

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PERCENTRANK

PERCENTRANK.INC

Thisfunctionreturnstherankofavalueinadatasetasapercentageofthedataset.

Syntax

PERCENTRANK.INC(array,n,sigdig)

Arguments

sigdig [Optional]Numberofsignificantdigitsfortherankedpercentagevalue;ifomitted,thecalculationusesthreesignificantdigits;ifnotaninteger,numberistruncated

DataTypes

Examples

PERCENTRANK.INC(A1:A12,0.95)

PERCENTRANK.INC(R1C1:R1C45,0.866)

PERCENTRANK.INC(A1:A17,23,3)

PERCENTRANK.INC(R1C1:R43:C1,255.4,2)

PERCENTRANK.INC({10,12,13,14,14,14.5,16,17.5,17.75,20,22},18,4)givestheresult0.8111

PERCENTRANK.INC({10,12,13,14,14,14.5,16,17.5,17.75,20,22},18,1)givestheresult0.8

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PERCENTRANK

PERMUT

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofpossiblepermutationsforaspecifiednumberofitems.

Syntax

PERMUT(k,n)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionk Numberofitems;mustbegreaterthan0;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

n Numberofitemsineachpossiblepermutation;mustbepositiveor0;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Remarks

Apermutationisanysetorsubsetofitemswhereinternalorderissignificant.Contrastwithcombinations(theCOMBINfunction).

wherekandnaredefinedinthearguments.

DataTypes

Examples

PERMUT(B3,5)

PERMUT(C4,B2)

PERMUT(R1C2,2)

PERMUT(8,2) gives the result 56

PERMUT(100,3) gives the result 970200

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COMBIN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

PERMUTATIONA

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenumberofpermutationsforthespecifiednumberofitems(alongwithrepetitions)thatcanbeselectedfromthetotalitems.

Syntax

PERMUTATIONA(k,n)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionk Referstothetotalnumberofitems.Thisvaluemustbegreaterthan0.Ifthespecifiedvalueisnotan

integer,thenumberistruncated.

n Referstothenumberofitemsineachpossiblepermutation.Thisvaluemustbepositiveor0.Ifthespecifiedvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

Remarks

Ifthevaluesintheargumentspassedareinvalid,thisfunctionsreturnsanerror.

DataTypes

Examples

PERMUTATIONA(4,6)givestheresult4096.

PERMUTATIONA(2,5)givestheresult32.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctioncalculatesthevalueofthedensityfunctionforthespecifiedstandardnormaldistribution.

Syntax

PHI(x)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyanyrealnumberthatyouwanttocalculateinordertodeterminethedensityofthestandardnormaldistribution.

Remarks

Ifthevaluesintheargumentspassedareinvalid(invalidnumericvalueorinvaliddatatype),thisfunctionsreturnsanerror.

DataTypes

Acceptsonlynumericdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

PHI(0.35)givestheresult0.3752

PHI(0.4)givestheresult0.3682

VersionAvailable

PHONETIC

Thisfunctionextractsphonetic(furigana)charactersfromthespecifiedstring.

Syntax

PHONETIC(text)

Arguments

Fortheargument,youcanspecifyastring,oracellreferencethatcontainsthefuriganatext.

Remarks

Ifarangeofcellsispassedtotextargument,thefuriganatextofupper-leftcornercellisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

PHONETIC(pan)givestheresulta.

VersionAvailable

ThisfunctionreturnsPIas3.1415926536.

Syntax

Arguments

DataTypes

Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

DEGREES(PI()) gives the result 180

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DEGREES|RADIANS|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthepaymentamountforaloangiventhepresentvalue,specifiedinterestrate,andnumberofterms.

Syntax

PMT(rate,nper,pval,fval,type)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionrate Valueofinterestrateperperiod

nper Totalnumberofpaymentperiods

Remarks

Besurethattheinterestrateandthenumberofpaymentperiodscorrespondtothesameunits.Ifpaymentperiodsaremonthly,thentheinterestrateshouldbecalculatedpermonth.Iftheinterestrateis6percentannually,youcanuse6%or(6/100)or0.06fortherateargumentifthepaymentperiodisayear,butformonthlypayperiods,dividethe6%by12.Thepaymentreturnedincludesprincipalandinterestbut,notaxes,reservepayments,orfees.

SeethePVfunctionfortheequationforcalculatingfinancialvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

PMT(B1,C4,C5,C6,1)

PMT(R1C2,8,16,4)

PMT(6%/12, 15, 5000) gives the result -$346.82

PMT(0.005, 15, 5000, 0, 1) gives the result -$345.10

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IPMT|PPMT|PV|FinancialFunctions

POISSON

ThisfunctionreturnsthePoissondistribution.

Syntax

POISSON(nevents,mean,cumulative)

Remarks

Argument Descriptionnevents NumberofeventsProvideaninteger,orthevalueistruncated.Thenumbermustbegreaterthan

mean ExpectednumericvalueThenumbermustbegreaterthanzero.

cumulative SettoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativePoissonprobabilitythatthenumberofrandomeventsoccurringisbetweenzeroandneventsinclusive.SettoFALSEtoreturnthePoissonprobabilitymassfunctionthatthenumberofeventsoccurringisexactlynevents.

Remarks

ThecumulativePoissonprobabilityiscalculatedasfollows:

ThePoissonprobabilitymassfunctioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherexisthenumberofevents(neventsargument),muisthemean(meanargument).

DataTypes

Examples

POISSON(A3,B4,TRUE)

POISSON(R1C2,3,FALSE)

POISSON(7,4,TRUE) gives the result 0.948866384

POISSON(7,4,FALSE) gives the result 0.059540363

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BINOMDIST|GAMMADIST|HYPGEOMDIST|StatisticalFunctions

POISSON.DIST

ThisfunctionreturnsthePoissondistribution.

Syntax

POISSON.DIST(nevents,mean,cumulative)

Remarks

Argument Descriptionnevents Numberofevents;provideaninteger,orthevalueistruncated;thenumbermustbegreaterthan

mean Expectednumericvalue;thenumbermustbegreaterthanzero

cumulative SettoTRUEtoreturnthecumulativePoissonprobabilitythatthenumberofrandomeventsoccurringisbetweenzeroandneventsinclusive.SettoFALSEtoreturnthePoissonprobabilitymassfunctionthatthenumberofeventsoccurringisexactlynevents.

Remarks

ThecumulativePoissonprobabilityiscalculatedasfollows:

ThePoissonprobabilitymassfunctioniscalculatedasfollows:

wherexisthenumberofevents(neventsargument),muisthemean(meanargument).

DataTypes

Examples

POISSON.DIST(A3,B4,TRUE)

POISSON.DIST(R1C2,3,FALSE)

POISSON.DIST(7,4,TRUE)givestheresult0.9488663842071525

POISSON.DIST(7,4,FALSE)givestheresult0.059540362609726345

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

POISSON

Thisfunctionraisesthespecifiednumbertothespecifiedpower.

Syntax

POWER(number,power)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Numbertoraisetothepowergiveninpower

power Powertowhichtoraisethenumbergiveninnumber

Specifythenumbertoraiseusingthefirstargumentandspecifythepowertoraiseittousingthesecondargument.

Remarks

Youcanusetheexponentoperator(^)insteadofthisfunctiontoraiseanumbertoapower;forexample,16^3.

DataTypes

Examples

POWER(A3,B4)

POWER(R1C2,3)

POWER(16,3) gives the result 4096

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

EXP|SQRT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnstheamountofpaymentofprincipalforaloangiventhepresentvalue,specifiedinterestrate,andnumberofterms.

Syntax

PPMT(rate,per,nper,pval,fval,type)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionrate Valueofinterestrateperperiod.

per Numberoftheperiodforwhichtofindtheinterest,between1andnper

nper Totalnumberofpaymentperiodsinanannuity.

Remarks

Besuretoexpresstheinterestrateasperannum.Forexample,iftheinterestrateis8percent,use8fortherateargument.

SeethePVfunctionfortheequationforcalculatingfinancialvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

PPMT(B1,C4,C5,C6,C7,1)

PPMT(R1C2,R4C3,R6C3,R7C3,0)

PPMT(0.45, 22, 30, 6000, 7000) gives the result -$206.47

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IPMT|PMT|PV|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthepriceper$100facevalueofaperiodicinterestsecurity.

Syntax

PRICE(settlement,maturity,rate,yield,redeem,frequency,basis)

Arguments

rate Annualcouponrate

frequency Frequencyofpayment,numberofpaymentsperyear;mustbe1,2,or4

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormaturityisinvalid.A#NUM!errorisreturnediffrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4.Settle,maturity,frequency,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifyieldorrateislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

PRICE(A3,A4,A5,A6,A7,A8,A9)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PRICEMAT|PRICEDISC|ODDFPRICE|ODDLPRICE|FinancialFunctions

PRICEDISC

Thisfunctionreturnsthepriceper$100facevalueofadiscountedsecurity.

Syntax

PRICEDISC(settle,mature,discount,redeem,basis)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionsettle Settlementdateforthesecurity.

mature Maturitydateforthesecurity.

discount Amountinvestedinthesecurity.

redeem Amounttobereceivedatmaturity.

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settle,mature,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifdiscountorredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomature,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

PRICEDISC(A1,A2,A5,A7,1)

PRICEDISC(R1C1,R2C1,R5C5,R5C7,2)

PRICEDISC("5/15/2004","9/1/2004",0.06,100,3) gives the result 98.20822

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DISC|PRICEMAT|FinancialFunctions

PRICEMAT

Thisfunctionreturnsthepriceatmaturityper$100facevalueofasecuritythatpaysinterest.

Syntax

PRICEMAT(settle,mature,issue,rate,yield,basis)

Arguments

rate Interestrateforthesecurityattheissuedate

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettle,mature,orissueisinvalid.Settle,mature,issue,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifrateoryieldislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomature,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

PRICEMAT(A1,A2,A5,A7,A7,1)

PRICEMAT(R1C1,R2C1,R5C5,R5C7,R5C9,2)

PRICEMAT("5/15/2004","9/1/2004","5/15/2003",0.06,0.07,3) gives the result 99.5842915904314

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DISC|PRICEDISC|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnstheprobabilitythatvaluesinarangearebetweentwolimits.

Syntax

PROB(array,probs,lower,upper)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofnumericvalues,whichhascorrespondingprobs

probs Probabilitiesassociatedwiththenumericvaluesinarray

lower Lowerlimitonthenumericvalueforwhichyouwantaprobability

upper [Optional]Upperlimitonthenumericvalueforwhichyouwantaprobability;ifomitted,returnstheprobabilityofresultequaltolowerlimit

Remarks

Iftheupperargumentisnotprovided,thefunctionusesthevalueforthelowerargumentonly,andreturnstheprobabilitythatthevaluesareequaltothelowerargument.

DataTypes

Examples

PROB({B1:B6},{E1:E6},10,100)

PROB({B2,B4,B5,B7},{0.4,0.25,0.1,.025),10,100)

PROB({R1C2:R6C2},{R1C5:R6C5},1,50)

PROB({0,1,2,3},{0.2,0.3,0.1,0.4},2) gives the result 0.1

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

BINOMDIST|CRITBINOM|StatisticalFunctions

PRODUCT

Thisfunctionmultipliesalltheargumentsandreturnstheproduct.

Syntax

PRODUCT(value1,value2,...)

PRODUCT(array)

PRODUCT(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

PRODUCT(B3,B7,12)

PRODUCT(C4,B2,B4,C5)

PRODUCT(A1:A9)

PRODUCT(R1C2,2,10)

PRODUCT(A1:A8,B1:B8,C2:C18)

PRODUCT(1,2,3,5,7,11,13) gives the result 30030

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FACT|QUOTIENT|SUMPRODUCT|StatisticalFunctions

PROPER

Thisfunctioncapitalizesthefirstletterineachwordofatextstring.

Syntax

PROPER(text)

Arguments

Thetextargumentcanbeastring,aformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingastring.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncapitalizeslettersthatfollowanycharacterotherthanaletter,forexample,aspace.Thisfunctionconvertsallotherletterstolowercaseletters.

DataTypes

Examples

PROPER(D2)

PROPER(""INTRO to SPREAD"") gives the result Intro To Spread

PROPER(""Tom's one-time order"") gives the result Tom’S One-Time Order

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CHAR|UPPER|TextFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthepresentvalueofaninvestmentbasedontheinterestrate,numberandamountofperiodicpayments,andfuturevalue.Thepresentvalueisthetotalamountthataseriesoffuturepaymentsisworthnow.

Syntax

PV(rate,numper,paymt,fval,type)

Arguments

numper Totalnumberofpaymentperiods

paymt Paymentmadeeachperiod;cannotchangeoverthelifeoftheannuity

fval [Optional]Futurevalue;ifomitted,thecalculationisbasedonthepayments

Remarks

Useconsistentunitsforspecifyingtherateandnumberofperiodsarguments.Ifyoumakemonthlypaymentsonafive-yearloanat8percentannualinterest,use0.08/12fortherateargumentand5*12forthenumberofperiodsargument.Ifyoumakeannualpaymentsonthesameloan,use0.08forrateand5fornumberofperiods.

DataTypes

Examples

PV(B1/12,N24,-75,0,1)

PV(R1C1/12,48,R1C2,0,0)

PV(0.005,60,-100,0,1) gives the result $5,198.42

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FV|NPER|PMT|FinancialFunctions

QUARTILE

Thisfunctionreturnswhichquartile(whichquarteror25percent)ofadatasetavalueis.

Syntax

QUARTILE(array,quart)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray Arrayorcellrangeofnumericvaluesforwhichyouwantthequartilevalue

quart Quartilevalueforthearray(seethetablebelowforreturnedvalues)

Remarks

Aquarteris25percent.Sothequartilenumberisanintegerbetween0(theminimumvalueinthedataset)and4(themaximumvalueinthedataset)anddeterminesthevaluetoreturnaslistedinthetablebelow.

Ifthenumberis... Thenthisfunctionreturnsthe...0 Minimumvalue

1 Firstquartile(25thpercentile)

2 Medianvalue(50thpercentile)

3 Thirdquartile(75thpercentile)

4 Maximumvalue

DataTypes

Examples

QUARTILE(A1:A17,2)

QUARTILE(R1C1:R17C1,3)

QUARTILE({11,21,42,27,18,29,32,52},1) gives the result 20.25

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PERCENTILE|PERCENTRANK|StatisticalFunctions

QUARTILE.EXC

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthequartile(whichquarteror25percent)ofadatasetbasedonpercentilevaluesfrom0..1,exclusive.

Syntax

QUARTILE.EXC(array,quart)

Arguments

Remarks

4 Maximumvalue

Thefunctionreturns#NUM!ifthearrayisempty.Thefunctionreturns#NUM!ifquart=0or4.

DataTypes

Examples

QUARTILE.EXC(A1:A17,2)

QUARTILE.EXC(R1C1:R17C1,3)

QUARTILE.EXC({11,21,42,27,18,29,32,52},1)givestheresult18.75

VersionAvailable

QUARTILE.INC

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthequartile(whichquarteror25percent)ofadatasetbasedonpercentilevaluesfrom0..1,inclusive.

Syntax

QUARTILE.INC(array,quart)

Arguments

Remarks

4 Maximumvalue

DataTypes

Examples

QUARTILE.INC(A1:A17,2)

QUARTILE.INC(R1C1:R17C1,3)

QUARTILE.INC({11,21,42,27,18,29,32,52},1)givestheresult20.25

VersionAvailable

QUOTIENT

Thisfunctionreturnstheintegerportionofadivision.Usethistoignoretheremainderofadivision.

Syntax

QUOTIENT(numerator,denominator)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumerator Numeratorordividend

denominator Denominatorordivisor

DataTypes

Examples

QUOTIENT(B8,B10)

QUOTIENT(R8B2,R10B2)

QUOTIENT(14,4) gives the result 3

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

MOD|PRODUCT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Functions R to S

FunctionsRtoS

RADIANS RAND RANDARRAY RANDBETWEEN

RANK RANK.AVG RANK.EQ RATE

RECEIVED REPLACE REPLACEB REPT

RIGHT RIGHTB ROMAN ROUND

ROUNDDOWN ROUNDUP ROW ROWS

RRI RSQ RTD SEARCH

SEARCHB SEC SECH SECOND

SERIESSUM SEQUENCE SHEET SHEETS

SIGN SIN SINH SINGLE

SKEW SKEW.P SLN SLOPE

SMALL SORT SORTBY SQRT

SQRTPI STANDARDIZE STDEV STDEV.P

STDEV.S STDEVA STDEVP STDEVPA

STEYX SUBSTITUTE SUBTOTAL SUM

SUMIF SUMIFS SUMPRODUCT SUMSQ

SUMX2MY2 SUMX2PY2 SUMXMY2 SWITCH

RADIANS

Thisfunctionconvertsthespecifiednumberfromdegreestoradians.

Syntax

RADIANS(value)

Arguments

Thisfunctiontakesanyrealnumberanglevalueastheargument.

Remarks

Convertsangleindegreestoangleinradians.

DataTypes

Examples

RADIANS(B3)

RADIANS(R1C2)

RADIANS(45) gives the result 0.7853981634 (which is p/4)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DEGREES|PI|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsanevenlydistributedrandomnumberbetween0and1.

Syntax

RAND()

Arguments

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsanewrandomnumber.

Togeneratearandomrealnumberbetweenxandy,withygreaterthanx,usethefollowingexpression:

RAND()*(y-x)+x

Togeneratearandomintegerbetweenxandy,withygreaterthanx,usethefollowingexpression:

INT((y-x+1)*RAND()+x)

Thisisavolatilefunctionwithversion2.5orlater.Formoreinformation,refertoVolatileFunctions.

DataTypes

Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

RAND()

RAND()*100

INT(RAND()*100)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

RANDBETWEEN|INT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

RANDARRAY

Thisfunctionreturnsanarrayofrandomnumericvalues.Userscanspecifythenumberofrowsandcolumns,minimumandmaximumvaluesandindicatewhethertoreturnintegersordecimalvalues.

Syntax

RANDARRAY([rows],[columns],[min],[max],[integer])

Arguments

RANDARRAYfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:

Argument Descriptionrows Specifiesthenumberofrowsofrandomnumberstogenerate(ifnothingisspecified,thedefault

value1isused).

columns Specifiesthenumberofcolumnsofrandomnumberstogenerate(ifnothingisspecified,thedefaultvalue1isused).

min Specifiestheminimumofvaluestogenerate(ifnothingisspecified,thedefaultvalue0isused).

max Specifiesthemaximumofvaluestogenerate(ifnothingisspecified,thedefaultvalue1isused).

integer ReturnsanintegeronlyifthespecifiedvalueisBooleanTRUE.IfthisvalueisFALSE,thisfunctionreturnsadecimalvalue(ifnothingisspecified,thedefaultvalueFALSEisused).

DataTypes

Acceptsthenumberofrowsandcolumns.Returnsanarrayofrandomnumbers.

Note:RANDARRAYisavolatilefunction.Thismeansthateachtimetheworksheetcalculates,theRANDARRAYfunctionrecalculatesthenewvalues.

Remarks

Bydefault,ifusersdon'tspecifytheroworcolumnargument,theRANDARRAYfunctionwillreturnasinglevaluebetween0and1.Also,ifminimumandmaximumargumentsarenotspecified,thentheRANDARRAYfunctionreturnsarandomsetofvaluesbetween0and1.Theminimumnumberargumentshouldalwayscontainavaluewhichislessthanthemaximumnumber,elsethisfunctionwillreturna#VALUE!error.Further,ifthewhole-numberargumentisempty,thenthisfunctionwillchooseFALSEasthedefaultvalueandthedecimalvaluewillbereturned.

Examples

Forinstance-ThecellA8inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=RANDARRAY(5,3)"andreturnsarandomsetofvaluesbetween0and1.

RANDARRAY(5,3,1,100)returnsaseriesofrandomdecimalvaluesbetween1and100.

RANDARRAY(5,3,1,100,TRUE)returnsaseriesofrandomwholenumbersbetween1and100.

VersionAvailable

RANDBETWEEN

Thisfunctionreturnsarandomnumberbetweenthenumbersyouspecify.

Syntax

RANDBETWEEN(lower,upper)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionlower Lowernumberoftwonumbersbetweenwhicharandomnumberischosen;thisnumbermustbeless

thanupper

upper Uppernumberoftwonumbersbetweenwhicharandomnumberischosen

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsanewrandomnumbereverytimethesheetiscalculated.

Thisfunctionsreturnsanintegervalue.Thefirstargumentmustbelessthanthesecondargument.

Thisisavolatilefunctionwithversion2.5orlater.Formoreinformation,refertoVolatileFunctions.

DataTypes

Examples

RANDBETWEEN(A1,B2)

RANDBETWEEN(10,20)

RANDBETWEEN(10,40)*100

INT(RANDBETWEEN(1,10)*100)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

RAND|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnstherankofanumberinasetofnumbers.Ifyouweretosorttheset,therankofthenumberwouldbeitspositioninthelist.

Syntax

RANK(number,array,order)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Numberwhoserankyouwanttoreturn

array Referencetothesetofnumbers

order [Optional]Howthenumberisranked,eitherindescendingorder(0oromitted)orascendingorder(non-zerovalue)

Remarks

Thisfunctiongivesduplicatenumbersthesamerank.Thepresenceofduplicatenumbersaffectstheranksofsubsequentnumbers.Forexample,inalistofintegers,ifthenumber12appearstwiceandhasarankof4,then13wouldhavearankof6(nonumberwouldhavearankof5).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforthenumberargument,areferenceforthearrayargument,andnumericdatafortheorderargument.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

RANK(B3,B1:B8,1)

RANK(R3C2,R1C2:R8C2,1)

RANK(16,{2,4,8,16,32},1) gives the result 4

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

MEDIAN|MODE|StatisticalFunctions

RANK.AVG

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnstherankofanumberinasetofnumbers.

Syntax

RANK.AVG(number,array,order)

Arguments

Remarks

Thesizeofthereturnednumberisrelativetoothervaluesinthelist.Theaveragerankisreturnedifmorethanonevaluehasthesamerank.

DataTypes

Examples

RANK.AVG(B3,B1:B8,1)

RANK.AVG(R3C2,R1C2:R8C2,1)

VersionAvailable

RANK.EQ

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnstherankofanumberinasetofnumbers.

Syntax

RANK.EQ(number,array,order)

Arguments

Remarks

Thesizeofthereturnednumberisrelativetoothervaluesinthelist.Thetoprankofthatsetofvaluesisreturnedifmorethanonevaluehasthesamerank.Duplicatenumbersaregiventhesamerank.Duplicatenumbersaffecttheranksofsubsequentnumbers.Forexample,ifthenumberof11isduplicatedwitharankof6inalistofascendingnumbers,thenumber12wouldhavearankof8.

DataTypes

Examples

RANK.EQ(B3,B1:B8,1)

RANK.EQ(R3C2,R1C2:R8C2,1)

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnstheinterestrateperperiodofanannuity.

Syntax

RATE(nper,pmt,pval,fval,type,guess)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnper Totalnumberofpaymentperiodsinanannuity

pmt Valuerepresentingthepaymentmadeeachperiod

fval Futurevalue,cashvalueafterthelastpayment

guess Guessforwhattheratewillbe(optional)

Remarks

Guessisassumedtobe10%ifomitted.

DataTypes

Examples

RATE(A1,B2,C3,C4,1)

RATE(360, -600, 80000) gives the result 0.686%

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IPMT|PMT|PPMT|FinancialFunctions

RECEIVED

Thisfunctionreturnstheamountreceivedatmaturityforafullyinvestedsecurity.

Syntax

RECEIVED(settle,mature,invest,discount,basis)

Arguments

invest Amountinvestedinthesecurity

discount Discountrateforthesecurity

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settle,mature,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.Ifinvestordiscountislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomature,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

RECEIVED(A1,B2,C3,C4,1)

RECEIVED("3/01/2004","6/01/2004",600000,0.03,2) gives $604,635.50

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

INTRATE|FinancialFunctions

REPLACE

Thisfunctionreplacespartofatextstringwithadifferenttextstring.

Syntax

REPLACE(old_text,start_char,num_chars,new_text)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionold_text Originaltextinwhichyouwanttoreplacecharacters

start_char Startingpositionintheoriginaltexttobeginthereplacement

num_chars Numberofcharactersintheoriginaltextthatyouwanttoreplacewithcharactersfromthenewtext;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

new_text Newtextthatreplacescharactersintheoriginaltext

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontoreplaceaspecifiednumberofcharactersinaspecifiedlocationwithothercharacters.UsetheSUBSTITUTEfunctiontoreplacespecifictextwithothertext.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdatafortheold_textargument,numericdataforthestart_charargument,numericdataforthenum_charsargument,andstringdataforthenew_textargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

This example replaces three characters with one character, starting with the sixth character in the provided text:

REPLACE(""abcdefghijk"", 6, 3, ""%"") gives the result abcde%ijk

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FIND|SUBSTITUTE|TextFunctions

REPLACEB

Thisfunctionreplacespartofatextstringwithadifferenttextstring(basedonspecifiednumberofbytes).

Syntax

REPLACEB(old_text,start_char,num_bytes,new_text)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionold_text Referstotheoriginaltextinwhichyouwanttoreplacecharacters.

start_char Referstothestartingpositionintheoriginaltexttobeginthereplacement.

num_bytes Referstothenumberofbytesintheoriginaltextthatyouwanttoreplacewithcharactersfromthenewtext.Ifthisfunctionisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

new_text Referstothenewtextthatreplacescharactersintheoriginaltext.

Remarks

TheREPLACEBfunctioncounts2bytespercharacter,butthishappensonlywhenaDBCSlanguageissetasthedefaultlanguage.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdatafortheold_textargument,numericdataforthestart_charargument,numericdataforthenum_bytesargument,andstringdataforthenew_textargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

REPLACEB("lovely",1,3,"lo")givestheresultloely.

REPLACEB("rosy",1,3,"!")givestheresult!y.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionrepeatstextaspecifiednumberoftimes.

Syntax

REPT(text,number)

Arguments

Argument Descriptiontext Textyouwanttorepeat

number Numberoftimesyouwanttorepeatthetext;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated;ifzero(0),returnsempty("")

Remarks

Theresultofthisfunctionmustbelessthanorequalto255characters.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforthetextargumentandnumericdataforthenumberargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

REPT(D9, 2)

REPT(R9C4, 2)

REPT(""*4"", 3) gives the result *4*4*4

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CONCATENATE|TextFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthespecifiedrightmostcharactersfromatextvalue.

Syntax

RIGHT(text,num_chars)

Arguments

Argument Descriptiontext Textstringfromwhichyouwanttoreturncharacters

num_chars [Optional]Numberofcharacterstoreturn;ifomitted,calculationusesone(1);ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

Thetextargumentcanbeastring,aformulathatreturnsastring,orareferencetoacellcontainingastring.

Thenum_charsargumenthastheserules:

Thenum_charsargumentmustbegreaterthanorequaltozero.Ifthenum_charsargumentisgreaterthanthelengthoftext,thisfunctionreturnsalltext.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforthetextargumentandnumericdataforthenum_charsargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

RIGHT(""Total Sales"",5) gives the result Sales

RIGHT(""Collie dog"") gives the result g

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

LEFT|MID|TextFunctions

RIGHTB

Thisfunctionreturnsthespecifiedrightmostcharactersfromatextvalueonthebasisofthenumberofbytes.

Syntax

RIGHTB(mytext,num_bytes)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionmytext Referstothetextstringthatcontainsthecharactersyouwanttoextract.

num_bytes [Optional]Referstothenumberofbytestobeextracted.Ifthisvalueisomitted,itusesone.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

Remarks

Thenum_bytesargumentworksonthefollowingrules:

DataTypes

Examples

RIGHTB("NOVARO")givestheresultO.

RIGHTB("MOBILE")givestheresultE.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionconvertsanarabicnumeraltoaromannumeraltextequivalent.

Syntax

ROMAN(number,style)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Arabicnumbertoconvert

style Typeofromannumeral

Remarks

Thestyleofromannumeralissetbythenumericvalueofthestyleargument:

Stylevalue Romannumeralstyle0 or omitted Classic

1 Moreconcise

2 Moreconcise

3 Moreconcise

4 Simplified

TRUE Classic

FALSE Simplified

Anerrorisreturnedifthenumberargumentisnegative.

DataTypes

Examples

ROMAN(100,3)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ABS|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionroundsthespecifiedvaluetothenearestnumber,usingthespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces.

Syntax

ROUND(value,places)

Arguments

Usethevalueargumenttospecifythenumbertoround.Usetheplacesargumenttospecifythenumberofdecimalplaces.Theplacesargumenthastheserules:

Setplacestoavaluegreaterthanzerotoroundtothespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces.Setplacestozerotoroundtothenearestwholenumber.Setplacestoavaluelessthanzerotoroundthevalueleftofthedecimaltothenearestten,hundred,etc.

Remarks

Theresultmayberoundeduporroundeddown.

DataTypes

Examples

ROUND(A3,–2)

ROUND(C4,B2)

ROUND(R1C2,2)

ROUND(PI(),5) gives the result 3.14159

ROUND(29.2,-2) gives the result 0because 29.2 is closer to 0 than to 100.

ROUND(-1.963,0) gives the result -2

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ROUNDDOWN

Thisfunctionroundsthespecifiednumberdowntothenearestnumber,usingthespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces.

Syntax

ROUNDDOWN(value,places)

Arguments

Regardlessofthesignofthenumberspecifiedbythevalueargument,thenumberisroundedawayfromzero.

Remarks

Theresultisalwaysroundeddown.

DataTypes

Examples

ROUNDDOWN(3.2,0) gives the result 3

ROUNDDOWN(D14,3)

ROUNDOWN(R14C4,10)

ROUNDDOWN(3.14159,3) gives the result 3.141

ROUNDDOWN(-3.14159,1) gives the result -3.1

ROUNDDOWN(31415.92654,-2) gives the result 31400

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ROUND|ROUNDUP|CEILING|FLOOR|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

ROUNDUP

Thisfunctionroundsthespecifiednumberuptothenearestnumber,usingthespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces.

Syntax

ROUNDUP(value,places)

Arguments

Remarks

Regardlessofthesignofthenumberspecifiedbythevalueargument,thenumberisroundedawayfromzero.

DataTypes

Examples

ROUNDUP(A3,–2)

ROUNDUP(C4,B2)

ROUNDUP(R1C2, 2)

ROUNDUP(PI(),5) gives the result 3.14160

ROUNDUP(29.2,-2) gives the result 100

ROUNDUP(-1.963,0) gives the result -2

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ROUND|ROUNDDOWN|CEILING|FLOOR|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofarowfromareference.

Syntax

ROW(reference)

Arguments

Theargumentisacellorasinglearea.

Remarks

Ifthereferenceisomitted,thereferenceofthecellthatthefunctionisinisused.

DataTypes

Acceptsacellorasinglearea.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ROW(B2) gives the result 2

ROW(B1:B5) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COLUMNS|INDEX|LookupFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofrowsinanarray.

Syntax

ROWS(array)

Arguments

Theargumentisanarray,anarrayformula,orarangeofcells.

DataTypes

Acceptsarray.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

ROWS(B2:B14) gives the result 13

ROWS(R2C6:R4C12) gives the result 3

ROWS($H$2:$H$8) gives the result 7

ROWS(R[2]C[3]:R[8]C[3]) gives the result 7

ROWS(R3C2:R17C2) gives the result 15

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

COLUMNS|INDEX|LookupFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnscalculatedinterestrateforgrowthofinvestment.

Syntax

RRI(nper,pv,fv)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnper Numberofperiodsfortheinvestment

pv Presentvalueoftheinvestment

fv Futurevalueoftheinvestment

Alltheargumentsofthisfunctionhaspositivevalues.

Remarks

Ifthepassedargumentsareinvalid,thisfunctionreturnsanerrorvalue.

DataTypes

Examples

RRI(96,10000,11000)givestheresult0.0009933

VersionAvailable

ThisfunctionreturnsthesquareofthePearsonproductmomentcorrelationcoefficient(R‑squared)throughdatapointsinknowny’sandknownx’s.

Syntax

RSQ(array_dep,array_ind)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray_dep Arrayofdependentvalues(y’s)

array_ind Arrayofindependentvalues(x’s)

DataTypes

Examples

RSQ(B2:B14,H2:H14)

RSQ(R2C2:R14C2,R2C8:R14C8)

RSQ({2,4,6},{10,15,25}) gives the result 0.964286

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PEARSON|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionretrievesreal-timedatafromaprogramthatsupportsCOMautomation.

Syntax

RTD(progID,server,topic1, topic2, ...)

Arguments

Argument DescriptionprogID ReferstothenameoftheProgIDofaregisteredCOMautomationadd-inthathasbeeninstalledon

thelocalcomputer.

server Referstothenameoftheserverwheretheadd-inis.Leavetheargumentblankifthisisrunlocally.

topic1 Thetopic1argumentisrequired.Subsequenttopicsareoptional.Therecanbe1to253parametersthatrepresentauniquepieceofreal-timedata.

Remarks

TheRTDCOMautomationadd-inmustbecreatedandregisteredonalocalcomputer.

DataTypes

VersionAvailable

SEARCH

Thisfunctionfindsonetextstringinanothertextstringandreturnstheindexofthestartingpositionofthefoundtext.

Syntax

SEARCH(string1,string2)

Arguments

Thefirstargumentisastringorcellreferenceofthetextyouaresearchingforandthesecondargumentisastring,cellreference,orcellrangeofwhatyouwanttosearch.

DataTypes

Acceptscellreferenceorstring.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

SEARCH(A2,A4:A9)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FIND|CONCATENATE|TextFunctions

SEARCHB

Thisfunctionsearchesonetextvaluewithinanotherandreturnsthetextvalue’spositioninthetextyousearched.

Syntax

SEARCHB(findtext,intext,start)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionfindtext Referstothetextyouaretryingtofind;ifempty(" "),thefunctionmatchesthefirstcharacterinthe

searchstring(thatis,thecharacternumberedstartor1);cannotcontainwildcardcharacters.

intext Referstothetextthroughwhichyouaresearching.

start [Optional]Referstothenumberrepresentingcharacteratwhichtostartthesearch.Thefirstcharacterofintextargumentis1.Ifthisvalueisomitted,thecalculationstartsat1.Ifthisvalueisnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated.

Remarks

TheSEARCHBfunctioncounts2bytespercharacter,butithappensonlywhenaDBCSlanguageissetasthedefaultlanguage.

DataTypes

Examples

SEARCHB("MOB","MOBILE")givestheresult1.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthesecantofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

SEC(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthesecant.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

SEC(60)givestheresult-1.049

SEC(45)givestheresult1.903

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperbolicsecantofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

SECH(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthehyperbolicsecant.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

SECH(30)givestheresult1.87E-13

SECH(45)givestheresult5.73E-20

VersionAvailable

SECOND

Thisfunctionreturnstheseconds(0to59)valueforaspecifiedtime.

Syntax

SECOND(time)

Arguments

Remarks

Thesecondisreturnedasaninteger,rangingfrom0to59

DataTypes

Examples

SECOND(A2)

SECOND(R2C1)

SECOND(0.01) gives the result 24

SECOND(TIME(12,0,0))

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

HOUR|MINUTE|DateandTimeFunctions

SERIESSUM

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofapowerseries.

Syntax

SERIESSUM(x,n,m,coeff)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Valuetoevaluateinthepowerseries

n Powertowhichtoraisex

m Stepbywhichtoincreasenforeachtermintheseries

coeff Setofcoefficientsfortheseries(thevaluesofa1,a2,...ai)

Remarks

Thepowerseriesformulais:

wherex,n,andmarethesimilarlynamedargumentsandaisthecoeffargument.

DataTypes

Examples

SERIESSUM(34,3,2,A1:A6)

SERIESSUM(12,3,1,B2:B24)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

SEQUENCE

SEQUENCEfunctionreturnsalistofsequentialnumbersinanarray(inascendingorder),suchas1,2,3,4andsoon.Thisfunctionisusedwithhard-codedargumentsinordertoallowuserstogenerateaspecificsequenceofvaluesforthedynamicarrayformula.

Syntax

SEQUENCE(rows,[columns],[start],[step])

Arguments

SEQUENCEfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:

Argument Descriptionrows [required]Specifiesthenumberofrowstogenerateinthesequence.Itismandatoryforusersto

specifythisargument.Ifthisargumentisnotprovided,the#CALC!errorwillbereturned.

columns [optional]Specifiesthenumberofcolumnstogenerateinthesequence.Ifthisargumentisprovided,thefunctionreturnsanarraywiththespecifiednumberofcolumns.Ifnothingisspecified,thenthedefaultvalue1isused.

start [optional]Specifiesthestartingvalue.Ifthisargumentisprovided,thefunctionreturnsvaluesstartingwiththespecifiedvalue.Incasenothingisspecifiedbytheuser,thenthedefaultvalue1isused.

step [optional]Specifiestheincrementvalue.Ifthisargumentisprovided,thefunctionreturnsvaluesincrementedwiththatspecifiedvalue.Incasenothingisspecifiedbytheuser,thenthedefaultvalue1isused.

DataTypes

Acceptsthenumberofrowsandcolumns.Returnsasequenceofnumbers.

Examples

Forinstance-ThecellA2inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SEQUENCE(4,5)"andreturnsanarraywithvaluesspilledtoacellrangecontainingfourrowsandfivecolumnsdisplayingnumbersinthesequence1,2,3,4upto20.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthesheetnumberofthereferencesheet.

Syntax

SHEET(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,thenameofasheetorareferenceforwhichyouwantthesheetnumber.Thisargumentisoptional.

Remarks

The#REF!errorvalueisreturnedifthevalueargumentisaninvalidvalue.The#NAerrorvalueisreturnedifthevalueargumentisaninvalidsheetname.

DataTypes

Examples

SHEET(Products)givestheresult1,whereProductsisthenameofthefirstsheet(Sheet1)intheworkbook.

SHEET("SheetFour")givestheresult4,whereSheetFouristhenameofthe4thsheetintheworkbook.

VersionAvailable

SHEETS

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofsheetsinareference.

Syntax

SHEETS(ref)

Arguments

Fortheargument,thereferenceforwhichyouwanttoknowthenumberofsheets.Thisargumentisoptional.

Remarks

The#REF!errorvalueisreturnedifthereferenceisnotavalidvalue.Thetotalnumberofsheetsintheworkbookisreturnedifnoparameterislisted.

DataTypes

Examples

SHEETS(Products)givestheresult2.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthesignofanumberorexpression.

Syntax

SIGN(cellreference)

SIGN(value)

SIGN(expression)

Arguments

Remarks

Returns1ifthenumberispositive,0ifthenumberis0,and–1ifthenumberisnegative.

DataTypes

Examples

SIGN(B3)

SIGN(R1C2)

SIGN(-5) gives the result -1

SIGN(15-8) gives the result 1

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ABS|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthesineofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

SIN(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthesine.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

SIN(B4)

SIN(R1C2)

SIN(30*PI()/180) gives the result 0.5

SIN(RADIANS(45))

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ACOS|ASIN|COS|SINH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperbolicsineofthespecifiednumber.

Syntax

SINH(value)

Arguments

Youcanuseanyrealnumberforthevalueargument.

Remarks

Theequationforcalculatingthehyperbolicsineis:

wherezisthevalueargument.

DataTypes

Examples

SINH(B4)

SINH(R1C2)

SINH(1) gives the result 1.1752011936

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ACOSH|ASINH|SIN|COSH|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

SINGLE

Thisfunctionreturnsasinglevalue,asinglecellrangeoranerrorusingtheintersectionlogic.Therearetwotypesofintersectionlogic-ImplicitIntersectionandExplicitIntersection.

TheImplicitintersectionlogicselectsasinglevaluefromanarrayofvalueswhilealsoensuringthattheformulareturnsonlyonevaluethatthecellcanhold.Implicitintersectioncanbeusedwhenuserswanttospecifyarangeargumenttoafunctionthatexpectsasinglevalueandtheformulaisnotanarrayformula(aformulaenteredusingCtrl+Shift+Enter).Inthiscase,thevalueinthecelloftherangewhichintersectsthecolumnorrowoftheformulacellisusedforthefunction.

Whendynamicarraysareenabled,thenthe"ImplicitIntersection"isnotsupported,andusersmustusetheSINGLEfunction(orthe'@'operator)tospecifythe"ExplicitIntersection"inordertoreturnthesinglevalue.Thisisrequiredbecausespecifyingtherangeargumentwillpasstherangetothefunctionandtheresultswillbespilledasadynamicarray.

Syntax

SINGLE(value)

Arguments

value-[required]Specifiesthevaluethatyouwanttoevaluateusingimplicitintersection.

DataTypes

Acceptsvaluesintheformofacellrange.Returnsasinglevalue,asinglecellrangeoranerror.

Remarks

Iftheargumentprovidedbytheusercontainsarange,thentheSINGLEfunctionreturnsthecellattheintersectionoftheroworcolumnoftheformulacell.But,ifthereisnointersection,ormorethanonecellfallsintotheintersection,thenthisfunctionwillreturna#VALUE!error.Further,iftheargumentprovidedbytheusercontainsanarray,theSINGLEfunctionreturnsthefirstitem(i.e.Row1,Column1).

Examples

Forinstance-ThecellA15inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SINGLE(A15:E15)"andreturnstheresult"C"inthecellC16byevaluatingtheintersectionoftherowsandcolumnsinthecellrangeA15toE15.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnstheskewnessofadistribution.

Syntax

SKEW(number1,number2,...)

Arguments

Theargumentsarenumericvalues.Onlythefirstargumentisrequired.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.

DataTypes

Examples

SKEW(A1,B2,B3,C1,C4)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

KURT|StatisticalFunctions

SKEW.P

Thisfunctioncalculatestheskewnessofadistributiononthebasisofpopulation.

Syntax

SKEW.P(value1,[value2],...)

Arguments

Theargumentspassedarenumericvalues.Onlythefirstargumentisrequired.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.

Remarks

Thisfunctiondoesn'tmakeuseofasamplebutusesthestandarddeviationofthewholepopulation.

Ifthevaluesintheargumentspassedareinvalid(invalidvaluesordatatypes),thisfunctionsreturnsanerror.

DataTypes

Examples

SKEW.P(3,4,5,2,3,4,5,6,4,7)givestheresult0.303

SKEW.P(4,7,5,2,3,4,5,1,2,7)givestheresult0.1619

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthestraight-linedepreciationofanassetforoneperiod.

Syntax

SLN(cost,salvage,life)

Arguments

salvage Valueattheendofthedepreciation

DataTypes

Examples

SLN(B1,1000,10)

SLN(R1C2,1000,10)

SLN(500000,20000,5) gives the result $96,000

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DB|DDB|SYD|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatestheslopeofalinearregression.

Syntax

SLOPE(array_dep,array_ind)

Arguments

DataTypes

Examples

SLOPE(A1:A4,B1:B4)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

SERIESSUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthenthsmallestvalueinadataset,wherenisspecified.

Syntax

SMALL(array,n)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray Arrayfromwhichtoreturnthenthlargestvalue

n Theposition(fromthelargestvalue)forwhichtoreturnthevalue(forexample,5toreturnthefifthlargestvalue).Mustbeequaltoorlessthanthenumberofitemsinthearray.

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontoselectavaluebasedonitsrelativestanding.

DataTypes

Acceptsarrayandnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

SMALL(B4:B8,2)

SMALL(R4C2:R8C2,2)

SMALL({15, 20, 10, 5}, 2) gives the result 10

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

LARGE|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionsortsthedatainacellrangeoranarray.Thecellcontentsareextractedfromthesourcearray,thedataissortedandtheresultsspillintotheresultantrangewithadynamicarrayofvaluesarrangedinascendingordescendingorder.Userscansortthevaluesbyoneormorecolumnsinthespreadsheetaspercustomrequirements.

TheSORTfunctionrequiresthesortkeystobeincludedinsidethespecifiedarray.Further,userscanperformsortingonmultiplefieldsbyexecutingthemultiple-keysortingoperationontheworksheet.Forinstance-let'ssayyouhavealargedatabasethatyouwanttosortinsuchawaythatyoucanobtainthesalesdatatoanalysewhichregionsellshowmanyproductunits.Now,inthisscenario,youwillhavetoperformsortingontwofieldsconcurrently-1)SortingbasedontheRegioncolumn(thatspecifiestheareawheretheproductisbeingsold)and2)SortingbasedontheSalescolumn(thatcontainsthefiguresastohowmanyproductsaresold).Inmultiple-keysortingormulti-leveldatasorting,thesortindexandthesortordercanbeofthesamelengthwhichspecifiesmultiplesortkeysandtheirsortkeyordersrespectively.

Syntax

SORT(array, [sort_index], [sort_order], [by_col])

Arguments

SORTfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:

Argument Descriptionarray [required]Specifiestherangeorarraythatyouwanttosort.

sort_index [optional]Specifiesthecolumnindexoftheroworcolumntosortby.Ifnothingisspecified,thedefaultvalue1isused.

sort_order [optional]Specifiesthesortorder.Thevalue1indicatesascendingorderandthevalue-1indicatesdescendingorder.Thedefaultvalueis1i.e.ascending.

by_col [optional]IfthisargumentisTRUE,itreferstothe"sortbycolumn"operationandifFALSE,itreferstothe"sortbyrow"operation.ThedefaultvalueisBooleanFALSEi.e.thesortbyrowoperation.

Ifyouareimplementingmultiple-keysorting,theargumentssort_index[specifiesmultiplesortkeys]andthesort_order[specifiesthesortkeyorders]intheabovetablecanbeofthesamelength.

DataTypes

Acceptsarangeorarraythatuserswanttosort.Returnsasortedarray.

Examples

Forinstance-ThecellD4inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SORT(A4:A15)"andreturnsthecustomernamessortedbyageintheincreasingorder.

IfyouwanttosortalltheuniquevaluesintherangeA4toA15,youcaneitherapplythesortfunctionontheuniquelistdisplayedinthecolumnC4oryoucanalsocombineboththefunctionsSORTandUNIQUEintoasingleformula.

Forinstance,thecellE4inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SORT(C4#)"where#indicatesalist.ThisformulawillsortthelistofvaluesincolumnC(wherecellC4alreadycontainstheUNIQUEformula"=UNIQUE(A4:A15)")anddisplaystheresultsincolumnE.

Alternatively,youcanalsocombineboththefunctionsSORTandUNIQUE.Forinstance,thecellF4inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SORT(UNIQUE(A4:A15))"whichreturnsalltheuniquevaluesintherangeA4:A15sortedalphabetically.

VersionAvailable

SORTBY

Thisfunctionsortsthecontentsofacellrangeoranarrayonthebasisofthevaluespresentinacorrespondingrangeorarray.

UnliketheSORTfunction,theSORTBYfunctiondoesn'trequirethesortkeystobeincludedinsidethespecifiedarrayorthesortrange.However,itisnecessarytoallocateappropriatesizetothesortkeys(withrespecttotheircorrectlength)whileworkingwiththisfunction.

Syntax

SORTBY(array, by_array1, [order_array1], [by_array2,order_array2], …)

Arguments

SORTBYfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:

Argument Descriptionarray [required]Specifiestherangeorarraythatyouwanttosort.

by_array1 [required]Specifiesthearrayorrangeofthefirstsortkey.

order_array1 [optional]Specifiesthesortorder.Thevalue1indicatesascendingorderandthevalue-1indicatesdescendingorder.Thedefaultvalueis1i.e.ascending.

by_array2 [optional]Specifiesthearrayorrangeofthesecondsortkey.

order_array2 [optional]Specifiesthesortorder.Thevalue1indicatesascendingorderandthevalue-1indicatesdescendingorder.Thedefaultvalueis1i.e.ascending.Thisargumentisrequiredonlyiftheby_array2argumentisspecified.

Thisfunctioncanacceptadditionalargumentsinpairs.Userscanspecifythenextsortkeyrangeandorderaspercustomrequirements.

DataTypes

Acceptsacellrangeoranarrayofdatathatyouwanttosortalongwithanothercellrangebasedonwhichthesortoperationwilltakeplace.Returnsasortedarray.

Examples

Forinstance-ThecellG4inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=SORTBY(A4:B15,B4:B15)".ThisfunctionsortsthecellrangeA4toB15basedonanothercellrangeB4toB15andreturnsthecustomernamesdisplayedalongwiththeiragessortedintheincreasingorder(thedefaultsortorder).

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthepositivesquarerootofthespecifiednumber.

Syntax

SQRT(value)

Arguments

Theargumentmaybeanypositivenumericvalue.Youmustprovideapositivenumberfortheargument.

DataTypes

Examples

SQRT(B4)

SQRT(R4C2)

SQRT(256) gives the result 16

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

POWER|EXP|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

SQRTPI

Thisfunctionreturnsthepositivesquarerootofamultipleofpi(p).

Syntax

SQRTPI(multiple)

Arguments

Specifythenumberofmultiplesofpi(p)ofwhichtocalculatethesquareroot.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncalculatesthesquarerootofamultipleofpi.

DataTypes

Examples

SQRTPI(A3)

SQRTPI(1) is the same as SQRT(PI())

SQRTPI(5) gives the result 3.963327

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PI|SQRT|StatisticalFunctions

STANDARDIZE

Thisfunctionreturnsanormalizedvaluefromadistributioncharacterizedbymeanandstandarddeviation.

Syntax

STANDARDIZE(x,mean,stdev)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Valuetonormalize

DataTypes

Examples

STANDARDIZE(15.6,A4,B2)

STANDARDIZE(88,48,1.6) gives the result 25

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

NORMDIST|NORMSDIST|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationforasetofnumbers.

Syntax

STDEV(value1,value2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeacell,acellrange,afloatvalue,oranintegervalue.Thisfunctioncanhaveupto255arguments.

Remarks

Thestandarddeviationisameasureofhowwidelyvaluesaredispersedfromtheaveragevalue.

Thestandarddeviationiscalculatedusingthe"non-biased"or"n–1"method.

Theequationforcalculatingthestandarddeviationis:

wherexisthevalueandnisthenumberofvalues.

Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsareasampleofthepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentstheentirepopulation,thencomputethestandarddeviationusingtheSTDEVPfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromtheSTDEVA,whichallowstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

STDEV(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)

STDEV(A1:A9)

STDEV(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)

STDEV(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 9.3422576382

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVEDEV|AVERAGE|StatisticalFunctions

STDEV.P

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationforanentirespecifiedpopulation(ofnumericvalues).

Syntax

STDEV.P(value1,value2,...)

Arguments

Remarks

Thestandarddeviationisameasureofhowwidelyvaluesaredispersedfromtheaveragevalue.Ifyourdatarepresentsasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethestandarddeviationusingtheSTDEVfunction.

Thestandarddeviationiscalculatedusingthe"biased"or"n"method.

Logicalvaluesandtextrepresentationsofnumbersthataretypedintothelistofargumentsarecounted.Ifanargumentisanarrayorreference,onlynumbersinthatarrayorreferencearecounted.Emptycells,errorvalues,logicalvalues,ortextinthearrayorreferenceareignored.

Theequationforcalculatingthestandarddeviationforapopulationis:

wherexisthesamplemean,AVERAGE(number1,number2,…),andnisthenumberofvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

STDEV.P(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)

STDEV.P(A1:A9)

STDEV.P(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)

STDEV.P(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96)givestheresult8.80796497

VersionAvailable

STDEV.S

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationbasedonasample(ofnumericvalues).

Syntax

STDEV.S(value1,value2,...)

Arguments

Remarks

Thestandarddeviationisameasureofhowwidelyvaluesaredispersedfromtheaveragevalue.Ifyourdatarepresentstheentirepopulation,thencomputethestandarddeviationusingtheSTDEV.Pfunction.

Thestandarddeviationiscalculatedusingthe"n-1"method.

wherexisthesamplemean,AVERAGE(number1,number2,…),andnisthenumberofvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

STDEV.S(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)

STDEV.S(A1:A9)

STDEV.S(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)

STDEV.S(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96)givestheresult9.342257638

VersionAvailable

STDEVA

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationforasetofnumbers,text,orlogicalvalues.

Syntax

STDEVA(value1,value2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeacell,acellrange,afloatvalue,anintegervalue,text,oralogicalvalue.Therecanbeupto255arguments.TRUEevaluatesto1andFALSEortextevaluatesto0.

Remarks

Thestandarddeviationiscalculatedusingthe"non-biased"or"n–1"method.

TheequationforcalculatingthestandarddeviationisthesameasforSTDEV:

wherexisthevalueandnisthenumberofvalues

Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsareasampleofthepopulation.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromSTDEVbecauseitacceptstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,text,andlogicaldataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

STDEVA(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)

STDEVA(A1:A9)

STDEVA(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)

STDEVA(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 9.3422576382

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVEDEV|AVERAGE|STDEV|STDEVPA|StatisticalFunctions

STDEVP

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationforanentirespecifiedpopulation(ofnumericvalues).

Syntax

STDEVP(value1,value2,...)

Arguments

Remarks

Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsaretheentirepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentsasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethestandarddeviationusingtheSTDEVfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromSTDEVPA,whichacceptstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

STDEVP(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)

STDEVP(A1:A9)

STDEVP(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)

STDEVP(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 8.8079649700

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVERAGE|STDEV|STDEVPA|StatisticalFunctions

STDEVPA

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarddeviationforanentirespecifiedpopulation,includingtextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

Syntax

STDEVPA(value1,value2,...)

Arguments

Eachargumentcanbeacell,acellrange,afloatvalue,text,alogicalvalue,oranintegervalue.Therecanbeupto255arguments.TRUEevaluatesas1.TextorFALSEevaluatesas0.

Remarks

Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsaretheentirepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentsasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethestandarddeviationusingtheSTDEVAfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromSTDEVPbecauseitacceptstextorlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,text,andlogicaldataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

STDEVPA(A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F6)

STDEVPA(A1:A9)

STDEVPA(R1C2,R3C4,R4C5,R7C2)

STDEVPA(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 8.8079649700

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVERAGE|STDEVP|STDEVA|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthestandarderrorofthepredictedyvalueforeachx.Thestandarderrorisameasureoftheamountoferrorinthepredictionofyforavalueofx.

Syntax

STEYX(array_dep,array_ind)

Arguments

DataTypes

Examples

STEYX(A1:A17,B1:B17)

STEYX({22,33,49,21,32,37,43},{31,28,29,42,35,37,34]) gives the result 10.14406

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ERF|PEARSON|StatisticalFunctions

SUBSTITUTE

Thisfunctionsubstitutesanewstringforspecifiedcharactersinanexistingstring.

Syntax

SUBSTITUTE(text,old_piece,new_piece,instance)

Arguments

Argument Descriptiontext Stringorreferencetoacellcontainingthestringinwhichyouwanttoreplacecharacters

old_piece Stringtobereplaced

new_piece Newstringtouseinsteadofexistingstring

instance [Optional]Whichoccurrenceoftheexistingstringtoreplace;otherwiseeveryoccurrenceisreplaced

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontoreplacespecifictextwithothertext.UsetheREPLACEfunctiontoreplaceaspecificnumberofcharactersinaspecificlocationwithothercharacters.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdataforthetext,old_piece,andnew_piecearguments,andnumericdatafortheinstanceargument.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

SUBSTITUTE(""Down Trend"",""Down"",""Up"") gives the result Up Trend

SUBSTITUTE(""Feb 1, 1991"",""1"",""2"", 3) gives the result Feb 1, 1992

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FIND|REPLACE|TRIM|TextFunctions

SUBTOTAL

Thisfunctioncalculatesasubtotalofalistofnumbersusingaspecifiedbuilt-infunction.

Syntax

SUBTOTAL(functioncode,value1,value2,...)

SUBTOTAL(functioncode,array)

Arguments

Thefunctioncodeargumentisthenumberthatrepresentsthebuilt-infunctiontouseforthesubtotal,asgiveninthistable.

Built-InFunction

FunctionCode(IncludeHiddenValues)

FunctionCode(IgnoreHiddenValues)

AVERAGE 1 101

COUNT 2 102

COUNTA 3 103

MAX 4 104

MIN 5 105

PRODUCT 6 106

STDEV 7 107

STDEVP 8 108

SUM 9 109

VAR 10 110

VARP 11 111

Eachadditionalargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentscanbeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks

TheSUBTOTALfunctiondoesnotincludeotherSUBTOTALformularesultsthatareinthesamerange.

DataTypes

Examples

SUBTOTAL(8,A1:B7)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

SUMPRODUCT|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofcellsorrangeofcells.

Syntax

SUM(value1,value2,...)

SUM(array)

SUM(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Remarks

RangereferenceswithmixedrelativenessforcolumnorrowendpointsarenotsupportedwiththeSUMfunction.R1C[1]:R2C[2]isokaybut,R1C1:R2C[2]isnot.

TheSUMfunctionignoresnon-numericvaluespassedbyreference.Forexample,ifA1containsTRUE,A2contains"2",andA3contains4,then:

TRUE+"2"+4evaluatesto7

A1+A2+A3evaluatesto7

SUM(TRUE,"2",4)evaluatesto7

SUM(A1,A2,A3)evaluatesto4

The+operatorprovidesanauto-conversionfornon-numericvaluespassedbyconstantandfornon-numericvaluespassedbyreference.TheSUMfunctionprovidesanauto-conversionfornon-numericvaluespassedbyconstantbut,ignoresnon-numericvaluespassedbyreference.

DataTypes

Examples

SUM(A1,B7,C11)

SUM(A1:A9)

SUM(A2:A14,B2:B18,D12:D30)

SUM(R1C2,R3C5,R6C2,R1C7)

SUM(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 797

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

SUMPRODUCT|SERIESSUM|PRODUCT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionaddsthecellsusingagivencriteria.

Syntax

SUMIF(array,condition,sumrange)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray Rangeofcellstocheck;eachcellinthearraycanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalueoran

integervalue

condition Conditionthatdetermineswhichcellsareadded,asatext,number,orexpression(whereexpressionsusetherelationaloperatorsdetailedinOperatorsinaFormula)

sumrange [Optional]Rangeofcellstoadd;ifomitted,thenallthecellsinthearrayareadded

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforarrayandsumrange.Acceptstext,numericorexpressiondataforcondition.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

SUMIF(A1:B7,">150",C1:C11)

SUMIF(A1:A9,">150")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

SUMPRODUCT|SUM|COUNTIF|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

SUMIFS

Thisfunctionaddsthecellsinarangeusingmultiplecriteria.

Syntax

SUMIFS(array,conditionarray,condition,...)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray Rangeofcellstocheck;eachcellinthearraycanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalueoran

integervalue

conditionarray Rangeofcellstocheck;eachcellinthearraycanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalueoranintegervalue

condition Conditionthatdetermineswhichcellsareadded,asatext,number,orexpression(whereexpressionsusetherelationaloperatorsdetailedinOperatorsinaFormula)

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforarray.Acceptstext,numericorexpressiondataforcondition.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

SUMIFS(A1:A10, B1:B10,">0",C1:C10,"<10")

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

SUMPRODUCT|SUM|COUNTIF|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

SUMPRODUCT

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofproductsofcells.Multipliescorrespondingcomponentsinthegivenarrays,andreturnsthesumofthoseproducts.

Syntax

SUMPRODUCT(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Theremustbeatleasttwoarrays(array1,array2)andoptionallyupto255arrays(array3,...)asarguments.Thearraysmusthavethesamedimension.

DataTypes

Examples

SUMPRODUCT(A1:A17,B1:B17,C1:C17)

SUMPRODUCT({2,3,5,6,4,7},{5,6,4,4,7,2}) gives the result 114

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PRODUCT|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofthesquaresofthearguments.

Syntax

SUMSQ(value1,value2,...)

SUMSQ(array)

SUMSQ(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

DataTypes

Examples

SUMSQ(A1,B7,C11)

SUMSQ(A1:A9)

SUMSQ(R1C2,R3C5,R6C2,R1C7)

SUMSQ(95,89,73,87,85,76,100,96,96) gives the result 71277

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

SUMPRODUCT|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

SUMX2MY2

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofthedifferenceofthesquaresofcorrespondingvaluesintwoarrays.

Syntax

SUMX2MY2(array_x,array_y)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray_x Firstarrayofvalues(x’s)

array_y Secondarrayofvalues(y’s)

DataTypes

Examples

SUMX2MY2(A1:A17,B1:B17)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

SUMX2PY2|SUMXMY2|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

SUMX2PY2

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofthesumofsquaresofcorrespondingvaluesintwoarrays.

Syntax

SUMX2PY2(array_x,array_y)

Arguments

DataTypes

Examples

SUMX2PY2(A1:A17,B1:B17)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

SUMX2MY2|SUMXMY2|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

SUMXMY2

Thisfunctionreturnsthesumofthesquareofthedifferencesofcorrespondingvaluesintwoarrays.

Syntax

SUMXMY2(array_x,array_y)

Arguments

DataTypes

Examples

SUMXMY2(A1:A17,B1:B17)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

SUMX2PY2|SUMX2MY2|SUM|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

SWITCH

Thisfunctioncomparesspecifiedexpressionagainstgivenlistofvaluesandreturnstheresultaccordingtothefirstmatchingvalue.

Syntax

SWITCH(expression,value, result, result_no_match)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionexpression Valueorexpressiontocompare

value Valuecomparedagainstexpression

result Valuereturnedifcomparisionmatches

result_no_match Valuereturnedifcomparisiondonotmatch

Remarks

Inthisfunction,argumentvalueandresultcantakeupto126differententrieseach.

DataTypes

Acceptsdataofanytype.Returnsdataofanytype.

Examples

SWITCH(WEEKDAY(A2),1,"Sunday",2,"Monday",3,"Tuesday","Nomatch")givestheresultNomatch.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthesum-of-years’digitsdepreciationofanassetforaspecifiedperiod.

Syntax

SYD(cost,salvage,life,period)

Arguments

salvage Valueattheendofthedepreciation

period Periodfordepreciation;mustusethesameunitsasthelifeargument.

Remarks

Thisfunctioncalculatesthedigitsdepreciationasfollows:

DataTypes

Examples

SYD(B1,1000,10,1)

SYD(R1C2,1000,10,1)

SYD(100000,10000,5,2) gives the result $2,4000

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DB|DDB|SLN|FinancialFunctions

Functions T to Z

FunctionsTtoZ

T T.DIST T.DIST.2T T.DIST.RT

T.INV T.INV.2T T.TEST TAN

TANH TBILLEQ TBILLPRICE TBILLYIELD

TDIST TEXT TEXTJOIN TIME

TIMEVALUE TINV TODAY TRANSPOSE

TREND TRIM TRIMMEAN TRUE

TRUNC TTEST TYPE UNICHAR

UNICODE UNIQUE UPPER USDOLLAR

VALUE VAR VAR.P VAR.S

VARA VARP VARPA VDB

VLOOKUP WEBSERVICE WEEKDAY WEEKNUM

WEIBULL WEIBULL.DIST WORKDAY WORKDAY.INTL

XIRR XNPV XOR YEAR

YEARFRAC YIELD YIELDDISC YIELDMAT

Z.TEST ZTEST

Thisfunctionreturnsthetextinaspecifiedcell.

Syntax

T(value)

Arguments

Theargumentisanycellreference.

Remarks

Ifthecellcontainstext,thisfunctionreturnstext.Ifthecellcontainsanumber,thisfunctionreturnsanemptystring.

DataTypes

Acceptscellreference.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

T(B3) If B3 contains "Test" then this function returns "Test".

T(R3C2)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

T.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnstheprobabilityforthet-distribution.

Syntax

T.DIST(x,deg,cumulative)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Numericvalueusedtoevaluatethedistribution

deg Numberofdegreesoffreedomtocharacterizethedistribution;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

cumulative Alogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thefunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitydensityfunction

Remarks

The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnedifxordegarenonnumeric.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforxanddegarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

T.DIST(A1,B45,TRUE)

T.DIST(0.245,2,TRUE)givestheresult1.4146507236438

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

T.DIST.2T

Thisfunctionreturnsthet-distribution.

Syntax

T.DIST.2T(x,deg)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Numericvalueatwhichtoevaluatethedistribution

deg Numberofdegreesoffreedomtocharacterizethedistribution

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

T.DIST.2T(A1,B45,2)

T.DIST.2T(0.245,2,1)givestheresult0.414651

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

T.DIST.RT

Thisfunctionreturnsthet-distribution.

Syntax

T.DIST.RT(x,deg)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Numericvalueatwhichtoevaluatethedistribution

deg Numberofdegreesoffreedomtocharacterizethedistribution

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

T.DIST.RT(A1,B45)

T.DIST.RT(0.245,2)givestheresult0.41465072364379996

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

Thisfunctionreturnsthet-valueofthestudent'st-distributionasafunctionoftheprobabilityandthedegreesoffreedom.

Syntax

T.INV(prog,deg)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionprog Probabilityofthestudent’st-distribution

DataTypes

Examples

T.INV(A4,2)

T.INV(0.68,4)givestheresult0.5051744394100004

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

T.INV.2T

Syntax

T.INV.2T(prog,deg)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionprog Probabilityofthetwo-tailedstudent’st-distribution

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

T.INV.2T(A4,2)

T.INV.2T(0.68,4)givestheresult0.44400612800394834

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

T.TEST

Thisfunctionreturnstheprobabilityassociatedwithat-test.

Syntax

T.TEST(array1,array2,tails,type)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray1 Arrayofvaluesinfirstdataset

array2 Arrayofvaluesinseconddataset

tails Numberoftails

type Typeoft-testtoperform(1,2,or3)

Remarks

Thetailsandtypeargumentsaretruncatedtointegers.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnediftailsortypeisnonnumeric.

DataTypes

Examples

T.TEST(A1:A17,B1:B17,4,3)

T.TEST({2,2,2,3,4},{2,3,3,4,5},1,2)givestheresult0.1260360000000153

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

Thisfunctionreturnsthetangentofthespecifiedangle.

Syntax

TAN(angle)

Arguments

Thisfunctioncantakeanyrealnumberasanargument.Theangleargumentistheangleinradiansforwhichyouwantthetangent.

Remarks

DataTypes

Examples

TAN(B3)

TAN(R3C2)

TAN(45*PI()/180) gives the result 1

TAN(RADIANS(20))

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ATAN|ATAN2|COS|SIN|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthehyperbolictangentofthespecifiednumber.

Syntax

TANH(value)

Remarks

Youcanuseanyrealnumberforthevalueargument.

Theequationforcalculatingthehyperbolicsineis:

DataTypes

Examples

TANH(B3)

TANH(R1C2)

TANH(0.5) gives the result 0.4621171573

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

TBILLEQ

ThisfunctionreturnstheequivalentyieldforaTreasurybill(orT-bill).

Syntax

TBILLEQ(settle,mature,discount)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionsettle SettlementdatefortheTreasurybill

mature MaturitydatefortheTreasurybill

discount DiscountratefortheTreasurybill

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settleandmaturearetruncatedtointegers.Ifdiscountislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanmatureorifmatureismorethanoneyearaftersettle,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Thisfunctioniscalculatedas(365xrate)/(360-(ratexDSM)),whereDSMisthenumberofdaysbetweensettleandmaturecomputedaccordingtothe360daysperyearbasis.

DataTypes

AcceptsnumericandDateTimeobjectdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

TBILLEQ(A1,B2,C3)

TBILLEQ("3/31/2003","6/1/2003",0.0532) gives the result 0.054437659 (or 5.44%)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

TBILLPRICE|TBILLYIELD|FinancialFunctions

TBILLPRICE

Thisfunctionreturnsthepriceper$100facevalueforaTreasurybill(orT-bill).

Syntax

TBILLPRICE(settle,mature,discount)

Arguments

discount DiscountratefortheTreasurybill

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settleandmaturearetruncatedtointegers.Ifdiscountislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanmatureorifmatureismorethanoneyearaftersettle,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

TBILLPRICE(A1,B2,C3)

TBILLPRICE("3/31/2003","6/1/2003",0.065)gives the result $98.88055556

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

TBILLEQ|TBILLYIELD|FinancialFunctions

TBILLYIELD

ThisfunctionreturnstheyieldforaTreasurybill(orT-bill).

Syntax

TBILLYIELD(settle,mature,priceper)

Arguments

priceper Priceper$100facevaluefortheTreasurybill

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormatureisinvalid.Settleandmaturearetruncatedtointegers.Ifpriceperislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomatureorifmatureismorethanoneyearaftersettle,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

TBILLYIELD(A1,B2,C3)

TBILLYIELD("3/31/2003","6/1/2003",98.65)gives the result 0.0794598041299475 (or 5.80%)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

TBILLEQ|TBILLPRICE|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnstheprobabilityforthet-distribution.

Syntax

TDIST(x,deg,tails)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionx Probabilityofthetwo-tailedstudent’st-distribution

tails Numberoftailstoreturn;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated;for1,returnsone‑taileddistribution;for2,returnstwo‑taileddistribution

DataTypes

Examples

TDIST(A1,B45,2)

TDIST(0.245,2,1)gives the result 0.414651

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FDIST|TINV|TTEST|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionformatsanumberandconvertsittotext.

Syntax

TEXT(value,text)

Arguments

Thetextargumentrequiresastring.Valuerequiresnumericdataorareferencetoacellthatcontainsnumericdata.

DataTypes

Returnsstringdata.

Examples

TEXT(A1,"$0.00") gives the result $10.00if A1 contains 10

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CHAR|EXACT|TextFunctions

TEXTJOIN

Thisfunctioncombinesthetextfrommultiplestrings,andincludesthespecifieddelimiterbetweeneachtextvalue.

Syntax

TEXTJOIN(delimiter, ignore_empty, value1, value2,...)

Arguments

Argument Descriptiondelimiter Referstoatextstring(eitherempty,oroneormorecharactersinsidedoublequotes)oracell

referencecontainingtextvalue.Ifyoupassanumberinthisargument,itwillberecognizedastext.

ignore_empty AcceptsabooleanTRUEorFALSE.IfthisvalueisTRUE,itignoresemptycells.

value1 Referstoatextstring,oranarrayofstringstobejoined.

value2 [Optional]Referstotheadditionaltextstringstobejoined.

Remarks

Theresultantstringcanholdamaximumof32767characters.Iftheresultantstringexceedsthislimit,thisfunctionwillreturnanerror.

DataTypes

Returnsstringdata.

Examples

TEXTJOIN("",TRUE,"You","may","get","late","for","party.")givestheresultYoumaygetlateforparty.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthedecimalnumberforthespecifiedtime.

Syntax

TIME(hour,minutes,seconds)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionhour Hourasanumberfrom0to23.

minutes Minutesasanumberfrom0to59.

seconds Secondsasanumberfrom0to59.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallarguments.Returnsadecimalvalue.

Examples

TIME(A1,B1,C1)

TIME(R1C1,R1C2,R1C3)

TIME(12,0,0) gives the result 0.5

TIME(16,48,10) gives the result 0.7

VersionAvailable

Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,TIME function will return the DateTime objectinstead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso

TIMEVALUE

ThisfunctionreturnsthedecimalnumberrepresentingaparticulartimeinExcel.

Syntax

TIMEVALUE(time_string)

Arguments

Specifythetimeasatextstring.

Remarks

Usethisfunctiontoconvertthetimerepresentedbyatextstringtoadecimalnumber.

DataTypes

Acceptsstringdata.ReturnsthedecimalnumberthatrepresentsthetimeinExcel.

Examples

TIMEVALUE(B18)

TIMEVALUE(R18C2)

TIMEVALUE("5:29") gives the result 0.228472

TIMEVALUE("5:29 PM") gives the result 0.728472

TIMEVALUE("17:29") gives the result 0.728472

VersionAvailable

Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,TIMEVALUE function will return the DateTimeobject instead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso

TIME|DATEVALUE|DateandTimeFunctions

Syntax

TINV(prog,deg)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionprog Probabilityofthetwo-tailedstudent’st-distribution

DataTypes

Examples

TINV(A4,2)

TINV(0.68,4)gives the result 0.444006

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

TDIST|TTEST|StatisticalFunctions

ThisfunctionreturnsaserialnumberrepresentingthecurrentdateinExcel.Theresultsareupdatedassoonastheworksheetisopenedorrefreshed.

Syntax

TODAY()

Arguments

Remarks

Ifyouusethisfunctioninadate-timecell(DateTimeCellType),thecellformatsthevalueusingthedateformatsettings.

Thisfunctionisupdatedonlywhenthespreadsheetorcellcontainingthefunctionisrecalculated.Thisisavolatilefunctionwithversion2.5orlater.

DataTypes

Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsanumericvalue(aserialnumber)thatrepresentsthecurrentdateinExcel.

Examples

If today is the 13th of February in the year 2019, then

TODAY() gives the result 43509.

VersionAvailable

Note:If a user uses LegacyBehaviors.CalculationEngine,TODAY function will return the DateTime objectinstead of the serial numeric value. For more details, please refer to breaking changes for legacybehaviors.

SeeAlso

DATE|DAY|NOW|TIME|DateandTimeFunctions

TRANSPOSE

Thisfunctionreturnsaverticalrangeofcellsasahorizontalrangeorahorizontalrangeofcellsasaverticalrange.

Syntax

TRANSPOSE(array)

Arguments

Thearrayargumentisarangeofcellsoranarraythatyouwanttoswitch.

Remarks

Thisfunctionusesthefirstrowofthearrayasthefirstcolumnofthenewarrayandsoon.

DataTypes

Examples

TRANSPOSE(A2:A5)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

HLOOKUP|INDEX|LOOKUP|VLOOKUP|LookupFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsvaluesalongalineartrend.Thisfunctionfitsastraightlinetothearraysknownxandyvalues.Trendreturnstheyvaluesalongthatlineforthearrayofspecifiednewxvalues.

Syntax

TREND(y,x,newx,constant)

Arguments

Argument Descriptiony Setofyvaluesthatareknownintherelationshipy=mx+b

newx Newxvaluesforwhichthisfunctionsreturnsthecorrespondingyvalues

constant Logicalvaluethatspecifieswhethertoforcetheconstantbtoequal0

Remarks

Ifconstantistrueoromittedthenbiscalculatednormally.Ifconstantisfalsethenbisequalto0andthemvaluesareadjustedsothaty=mx.

Ifnewxisomittedthenitdefaultstox.

DataTypes

Examples

TREND(A2:A7,C2:C7,A9:A10)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

Thisfunctionremovesextraspacesfromastringandleavessinglespacesbetweenwords.

Syntax

TRIM(text)

Arguments

Theargumentspecifiesthestringcontainingthespacesyouwanttoremove.

DataTypes

Examples

TRIM("" First Quarter"") gives the result First Quarter

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CLEAN|SUBSTITUTE|TextFunctions

TRIMMEAN

Thisfunctionreturnsthemeanofasubsetofdataexcludingthetopandbottomdata.

Syntax

TRIMMEAN(array,percent)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofvaluestotrimandfindthemean

percent Fractionalamountofdatainarraytotrim(toexcludefromcalculation)

DataTypes

Examples

TRIMMEAN(A1:A17,0.25)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

GEOMEAN|HARMEAN|StatisticalFunctions

ThisfunctionreturnsthevalueforlogicalTRUE.

Syntax

TRUE()

Arguments

DataTypes

Doesnotacceptdata.Returnsnumeric(boolean)data.

Example

TRUE()givestheresult1(TRUE)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FALSE|IF|LogicalFunctions

Thisfunctionremovesthespecifiedfractionalpartofthespecifiednumber.

Syntax

TRUNC(value,precision)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalue Numbertotruncate

precision Integerrepresentingtheprecision;ifgreaterthanzero,truncatestothespecifiednumberofdecimalplaces;ifzero(ornotspecified),truncatetothenearestwholenumber;iflessthanzero,roundsthevalueleftofthedecimaltothenearestorderoftens

Remarks

TheTRUNCandINTfunctionsaresimilarinthatbothcanreturnintegers.UsetheTRUNCfunctiontoremovethedecimalportionofthenumber;theTRUNCfunctiondoesnotroundupordown.UsetheINTfunctiontoroundnumbersdowntothenearestintegerbaseddecimalportionofthenumber.

Thesefunctionsdifferalsowhenusingnegativenumbers:TRUNC(–4.2,0)returns–4,butINT(–4.2)returns–5because–5isthelowernumber.

DataTypes

Examples

TRUNC(B16)

TRUNC(R16C2)

TRUNC(5.745) gives the result 5

TRUNC(-5.745) gives the result -5

TRUNC(5.745,2) gives the result 5.74

TRUNC(PI()) gives the result 3

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

CEILING|EVEN|FLOOR|INT|MathandTrigonometryFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnstheprobabilityassociatedwithat-test.

Syntax

TTEST(array1,array2,tails,type)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray1 Arrayofvaluesinfirstdataset

array2 Arrayofvaluesinseconddataset

tails Numberoftails

type Typeoft-testtoperform(1,2,or3)

DataTypes

Examples

TTEST(A1:A17,B1:B17,4,3)

TTEST({2,2,2,3,4},{2,3,3,4,5},1,2)gives the result 0.126036

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FTEST|TDIST|TINV|ZTEST|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthetypeofvalue.

Syntax

TYPE(value)

Arguments

Theargumentisanyvalueassummarizedhere:

TypeofValue ReturnedNumberNumber 1

DateTimeobject 1

TimeSpanobject 1

Text 2

Logicalvalue 4

Errorvalue 16

Array 64

DataTypes

Acceptsmanytypesofdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

TYPE(G15)

TYPE(R15C7)

TYPE(154) gives the result 1

TYPE("String") gives the result 2

TYPE(TRUE) gives the result 4

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

UNICHAR

ThisfunctionreturnstheUnicodecharacterspecifiedbyanumber.

Syntax

UNICHAR(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,specifytheUnicodenumberrepresentingacharacter.

Remarks

TheresultantUnicodecharactercanbeastringinUTF-8orUTF-16code.

If0ispassedintheargumentorthepassednumeralsareoutofrange,thisfunctionreturnsanerror.

DataTypes

Examples

UNICHAR(86)givestheresultV.

UNICHAR(79)givestheresultO.

VersionAvailable

UNICODE

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumber(code)correspondingtofirstcharacterofspecifiedtext.

Syntax

UNICODE(value)

Arguments

Fortheargument,specifyatextvaluetoobtaintheUnicodevalue.

Remarks

Ifthepassedargumentscontainaninvaliddatatype,thisfunctionwillreturnanerror.

DataTypes

Examples

UNICODE("D")givestheresult68

UNICODE("tor")givestheresult116

VersionAvailable

UNIQUE

Thisfunctionreturnsalistofalltheuniquevaluesinacellrange.

Syntax

UNIQUE(array,[by_col],[occurs_once])

Arguments

UNIQUEfunctionhasthefollowingarguments:

Argument Descriptionarray [required]Specifiestherangeorarrayfromwhichyouwanttoreturnuniquevalues.

by_col [optional]Specifiesthelogicalvaluethatindicateshowtocompare.IfthisargumentisTRUE,itrefersto"bycolumn"andifFALSE,itreferstothe"byrow".

occurs_once [optional]Specifiesalogicalvalue.IfthisargumentisTRUE,itwillreturnuniquevaluesthatoccuronlyonce.IncasethevalueisFALSE,alltheuniquevalueswillbeincludedintheresult.

DataTypes

Acceptsarangeorarray.Returnsalistofuniquevalues.

Examples

Forinstance-ThecellC4inthefollowingimagecontainstheformula"=UNIQUE(A4:A15)"andreturnsonlytheuniquecustomernamesfromthevaluesincellrangeA4toA15.Basedonthenumberofuniquevalues,thedynamicarrayformulaspillstothecellrangeC5toC8automatically.

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionconvertstexttouppercaseletters.

Syntax

UPPER(string)

Arguments

Theargumentisthetextyouwanttoconverttouppercase.Theargumentmaybeastring,areferencetoacellcontainingastring,oraformulathatreturnsastring.

Remarks

Thisfunctiondoesnotchangecharactersinvaluethatarenotletters.

DataTypes

Examples

UPPER(G15)

UPPER(R15C7)

UPPER("Report") gives the result REPORT

UPPER(""summary"") gives the result "SUMMARY"

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

PROPER|LOWER|T|TextFunctions

USDOLLAR

Thisfunctionconvertsanumbertotextusingcurrencyformat,withthedecimalsroundedtothespecifiedplace.

Syntax

DOLLAR(number,digits)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionnumber Referstothenumericvaluetoconverttotextusingthecurrencyformat

digits [Optional]Referstothenumberofdecimalplacestomaintain;ifnegative,thevalueisroundedtotheleftofthedecimalpoint;ifomitted,thesystemlocalesettingisusedtodeterminethenumberofdecimalplaces

Remarks

ThisfunctionalwaysshowsU.S.currency.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforbotharguments.Returnsstringdata.

Examples

USDOLLAR(A5,B2)

USDOLLAR(R1B2,R3D4)

Version Available

This function is available in Spread for Windows Forms 11.0 or later.

Thisfunctionconvertsatextstringthatisanumbertoanumericvalue.

Syntax

VALUE(text)

Arguments

This function has these arguments:

Argument Descriptiontext Numberinquotationmarksorareferencetoacellwiththetext.

Remarks

Thetextcanbeinnumber,date,ortimeformat.Ifthetextisnotinthecorrectformat,a#VALUE!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Examples

VALUE("$9,000")gives the result 9000

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DOLLAR|DOLLARFR|FIXED|TextFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthevariancebasedonasampleofapopulation,whichusesonlynumericvalues.

Syntax

VAR(value1,value2,...)

VAR(array)

VAR(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Remarks

Thevariancereturnshowspreadoutasetofdatais.

Thisfunctionusesthefollowingequationtocalculatethevariance,wherenisthenumberofvalues.

Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsareasampleofthepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentstheentirepopulation,thencomputethevarianceusingtheVARPfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARA,whichacceptstextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

VAR(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)

VAR(A1:A9)

VAR(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)

VAR(R1C1:R9C1)

VAR(R1C1:R1C9)

VAR(98,85,76,87,92,89,90) gives the result 45.8095238095

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVERAGE|COVAR|VARP|VARA|StatisticalFunctions

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsvariancebasedontheentirepopulation,whichusesonlynumericvalues.

Syntax

VAR.P(value1,value2,...)

VAR.P(array)

VAR.P(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Remarks

Thisfunctionusesthefollowingequationtocalculatethevariance,

wherexisthesamplemeanAVERAGE(number1,number2,…)andnisthenumberofvalues.

Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsaretheentirepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentsonlyasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethevarianceusingtheVAR.Sfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARPA,whichacceptslogicalortextvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

VAR.P(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)

VAR.P(A1:A9)

VAR.P(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)

VAR.P(98,85,76,87,92,89,90)givestheresult39.26530612

VersionAvailable

Summary

Thisfunctionreturnsvariancebasedonasample,whichusesonlynumericvalues.

Syntax

VAR.S(value1,value2,...)

VAR.S(array)

VAR.S(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Remarks

Thisfunctionusesthefollowingequationtocalculatethevariance,

wherexisthesamplemeanAVERAGE(number1,number2,…)andnisthenumberofvalues.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARA,whichacceptslogicalortextvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

VAR.S(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)

VAR.S(A1:A9)

VAR.S(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)

VAR.S(98,85,76,87,92,89,90)givestheresult45.80952381

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnsthevariancebasedonasampleofapopulation,whichincludesnumeric,logical,ortextvalues.

Syntax

VARA(value1,value2,...)

VARA(array)

VARA(array1,array2,...)

Remarks

Eachargumentcanbeadouble-precisionfloating-pointvalue,anintegervalue,text,alogicalvalue,oranarray(cellrange)ofthese.Upto255argumentsmaybeincluded.Youcanuseasinglearray(cellrange)insteadofalistofvalues.Youcanusemultiplearrays(cellranges)aswell.

Remarks

Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsareasampleofthepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentstheentirepopulation,thencomputethevarianceusingtheVARPAfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARbecauseitacceptstextandlogicalvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,logical,andtextdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

VARA(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)

VARA(A1:A9)

VARA(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)

VARA(R1C1:R9C1)

VARA(R1C1:R1C9)

VARA(98,85,76,87,92,89,90) gives the result 45.8095238095

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVERAGEA|VAR|VARP|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsvariancebasedontheentirepopulation,whichusesonlynumericvalues.

Syntax

VARP(value1,value2,...)

VARP(array)

VARP(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Remarks

Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsaretheentirepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentsonlyasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethevarianceusingtheVARfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARPA,whichacceptslogicalortextvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Examples

VARP(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)

VARP(A1:A9) VARP(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)

VARP(98,85,76,87,92,89,90) gives the result 39.2653061224

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVERAGE|VAR|VARPA|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsvariancebasedontheentirepopulation,whichincludesnumeric,logical,ortextvalues.

Syntax

VARPA(value1,value2,...)

VARPA(array)

VARPA(array1,array2,...)

Arguments

Remarks

Thisfunctionassumesthatitsargumentsaretheentirepopulation.Ifyourdatarepresentsonlyasampleofthepopulation,thencomputethevarianceusingtheVARAfunction.

ThisfunctiondiffersfromVARPbecauseitacceptslogicalandtextvaluesaswellasnumericvalues.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,logical,andtextdataforallarguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

VARPA(B3,C4,B2,D10,E5)

VARPA(A1:A9) VARPA(R1C2,100,R2C5,102)

VARPA(98,85,76,87,92,89,90) gives the result 39.2653061224

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

AVERAGEA|VARA|VARP|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthedepreciationofanassetforanyperiodyouspecifyusingthevariabledecliningbalancemethod.

Syntax

VDB(cost,salvage,life,start,end,factor,switchnot)

Arguments

salvage Valueattheendofthedepreciationperiod

start Numberrepresentingthestartingperiodforwhichtocalculatethedepreciationinthesameunitsaslife;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

end Numberrepresentingtheendingperiodforwhichtocalculatethedepreciationinthesameunitsaslife;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

factor [Optional]Rateatwhichthebalancedeclines;ifomitted,usestwo(2)

switchnot [Optional]Logicalvaluespecifyingwhethertoswitchtostraight-linedepreciationwhendepreciationisgreaterthanthedecliningbalancecalculation;ifomittedusesFALSE

Remarks

Iffactorisomitted,thecalculationusestwo,whichrepresentsthedouble‑decliningbalancemethod.Forothermethods,useadifferentvalue.Formoreinformationaboutthedouble‑decliningbalancemethod,seeDDB.

DataTypes

Examples

VDBD(B1,1000,10,1,8)

VDB(50000,500,1200,100,1000,1) gives the result $37,122.94

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DB|DDB|SLN|SYD|FinancialFunctions

VLOOKUP

Thisfunctionsearchesforavalueintheleftmostcolumnandreturnsavalueinthesamerowfromacolumnyouspecify.

Syntax

VLOOKUP(value,array,colindex,approx)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalue Valueforwhichtosearch

array Arrayorcellrangethatcontainsthedatatosearch

colindex Columnnumberinthearrayfromwhichthematchingvalueisreturned

approx [Optional]Logicalvalueindicatingwhethertofindanapproximatematch;ifomitted,usesTRUEandfindsanapproximatematch

Remarks

IfapproxisFALSE,itfindsanexactmatch,notanapproximatematch.Ifitcannotfindone,itreturnsan#N/Aerrorvalue.

IfapproxisTRUEoromitted,andthevaluecannotbefound,thenthelargestvaluethatislessthanthevalueisused.

ThisfunctionissimilartoHLOOKUPexceptthatitsearchesvertically(bycolumn),insteadofbyrow(horizontally).

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericorstringdata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

VLOOKUP(2,A1:D10,3)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

HLOOKUP|LOOKUP|LookupFunctions

WEBSERVICE

ThisfunctionreturnsdatafromawebserviceontheInternetorIntranet.

Syntax

WEBSERVICE(url)

Arguments

Fortheargument,thewebserviceURL.

Remarks

The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnediftheargumentcannotreturndataortheURLcontainsmorethan2048characters.The#VALUE!errorvalueisreturnediftheargumentstringisnotvalidorcontainsmorethan32767characters.The#VALUE!errorvalueisalsoreturnedifthestringcontainsunsupportedprotocols.

DataTypes

Examples

WEBSERVICE(A3)

VersionAvailable

WEEKDAY

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumbercorrespondingtothedayoftheweekforaspecifieddate.

Syntax

WEEKDAY(date,type)

Arguments

Argument Description date Dateforwhichyouwanttodeterminethedayoftheweekprovided

type [Optional]Numberthatrepresentsthenumberingschemeforthereturnedweekdayvalue;canbeanyof:

Value Numberreturned

1oromitted Numbers1(Sunday)through7(Saturday)

2 Numbers1(Monday)through7(Sunday)

3 Numbers0(Monday)through6(Sunday)

Remarks

Thereturneddayoftheweekisgivenasaninteger,rangingfrom0to6or1to7,dependingonthesettingofthetypeargument.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string,orDateTimeobjectforbotharguments.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

WEEKDAY(A2)

WEEKDAY(R2C1)

WEEKDAY(36828) gives the result 1 equivalent to Sunday

WEEKDAY(46,2) gives the result 3

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

WEEKNUM

Thisfunctionreturnsanumberthatindicatestheweekoftheyearnumerically.

Syntax

WEEKNUM(date,weektype)

Arguments

Argument Description date Dateforwhichyouwanttodeterminethenumberofweek

weektype Typeofweekdeterminedbyonwhichdaytheweekstarts

Value Numberreturned

1(assumedifomitted) WeekstartsonaSunday

2 WeekstartsonaMonday

DataTypes

Examples

WEEKNUM(A2)

WEEKNUM(R2C1,2)

WEEKNUM(23,1) gives the result 4

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

MONTH|WEEKDAY|DateandTimeFunctions

WEIBULL

Thisfunctionreturnsthetwo-parameterWeibulldistribution,oftenusedinreliabilityanalysis.

Syntax

WEIBULL(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)

Arguments

alpha Scaleparameterofthedistribution,representedbyalpha

beta Shapeparameterofthedistribution,representedbybeta

cumulative LogicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunctionIfcumulativeisTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsexceptcumulative,whichislogical(boolean).Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

WEIBULL(3,D4,D5,FALSE)

WEIBULL(50,10,20,TRUE)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

WEIBULL.DIST

Thisfunctionreturnsthetwo-parameterWeibulldistribution,oftenusedinreliabilityanalysis.

Syntax

WEIBULL.DIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)

Arguments

alpha Scaleparameterofthedistribution,representedbyalpha

beta Shapeparameterofthedistribution,representedbybeta

cumulative Logicalvaluethatdeterminestheformofthefunction.IfcumulativeisTRUE,thenthisfunctionreturnsthecumulativedistributionfunction;ifFALSE,itreturnstheprobabilitymassfunction

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforallargumentsexceptcumulative,whichislogical(boolean).Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

WEIBULL.DIST(3,D4,D5,FALSE)

WEIBULL.DIST(50,10,20,TRUE)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

WEIBULL

WORKDAY

Thisfunctionreturnsthenumberofworkingdaysbeforeorafterthestartingdate.

Syntax

WORKDAY(startdate,numdays,holidays)

Arguments

numdays Numberofnon-weekendornon-holidaydaysbeforeorafterthestartingdate;daysinthefuturearepositiveanddaysinthepastarenegative;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

DataTypes

Examples

WORKDAY(A2,A4)

WORKDAY(R2C1,R5C5)

WORKDAY(A1,A2,A5:A7)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DATE|NETWORKDAYS|MONTH|DateandTimeFunctions

WORKDAY.INTL

Thisfunctionreturnstheserialnumberofthedatebeforeorafteraspecifiednumberofworkdayswithcustomweekendparameters.

Syntax

WORKDAY.INTL(startdate,numdays,weekend,holidays)

Arguments

numdays Numberofworkdaysbeforeorafterthestartingdate;daysinthefuturearepositiveanddaysinthepastarenegative;ifnotaninteger,thenumberistruncated

weekend [Optional]Anumberorstringthatspecifieswhenweekendsoccur.Weekenddaysaredaysoftheweekthatarenotcountedasworkingdays

Thefollowingtableliststheweekendnumbervalues:

Number Day1oromitted Saturday,Sunday

2 Sunday,Monday

3 Monday,Tuesday

4 Tuesday,Wednesday

5 Wednesday,Thursday

6 Thursday,Friday

7 Friday,Saturday

11 Sundayonly

12 Mondayonly

13 Tuesdayonly

14 Wednesdayonly

15 Thursdayonly

16 Fridayonly

17 Saturdayonly

Remarks

Weekendstringvaluesaresevencharacterslongandeachcharacterinthestringrepresentsadayoftheweek,startingwithMonday.Anon-workdayis1andaworkdayis0.Onlycharacters1and0areallowedinthestring.Thestring1111111alwaysreturns0.

Weekenddaysandholidaysarenotconsideredtobeworkdays.

DataTypes

Examples

WORKDAY.INTL(A2,A4)

WORKDAY.INTL(R2C1,R5C5)

WORKDAY.INTL(A1,A2,A5:A7)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

WORKDAY

Thisfunctioncalculatestheinternalrateofreturnforascheduleofcashflowsthatmaynotbeperiodic.

Syntax

XIRR(values,dates,guess)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionvalues Seriesofcashflowsthatcorrespondtoascheduleofpaymentsindates.Thefirstpaymentisoptional

andcorrespondstoacostorpaymentthatoccursatthebeginningoftheinvestment

dates Scheduleofpaymentdatesthatcorrespondstothecashflowpaymentsinvalues

guess [Optional]Estimateoftheinternalrateofreturnthatyouguessisclosetotheresultofthisfunction;ifomitted,thecalculationuses0.1(10percent)

Remarks

Forascheduleofcashflowsthatisperiodic,useIRR.Numbersindatesaretruncatedtointegers.Bothapositiveandnegativecashflowarerequiredtopreventa#NUM!error.A#VALUE!errorisreturnedifdatesisinvalid.Ifanumberindatesprecedesthestartingdate,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifvaluesanddatescontainadifferentnumberofvalues,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifthefunctioncannotfindaresultthatworksafter100tries,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforvaluesandguess,DateTimeobjectdatafordates.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

XIRR(B2:B6,C2:C6,0.2)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IRR|XNPV|MIRR|FinancialFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatesthenetpresentvalueforascheduleofcashflowsthatmaynotbeperiodic.

Syntax

XNPV(rate,values,dates)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionrate Discountratetoapplytothecashflows

values Seriesofcashflowsthatcorrespondtoascheduleofpaymentsindates.Thefirstpaymentisoptionalandcorrespondstoacostorpaymentthatoccursatthebeginningoftheinvestment

dates Scheduleofpaymentdatesthatcorrespondstothecashflowpaymentsinvalues

Remarks

Numbersindatesaretruncatedtointegers.A#VALUE!errorisreturnedifanyargumentisnonnumericorifanydateisinvalid.Ifanumberindatesprecedesthestartingdate,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifvaluesanddateshaveadifferentnumberofvalues,a#NUM!errorisreturned.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericdataforrateandvalues,andDateTimeobjectdatafordates.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

XNPV(0.09,B2:B6,C2:C6)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

IRR|NPV|MIRR|XIRR|FinancialFunctions

ThisfunctionreturnslogicalexclusiveORofspecifiednumbers.

Syntax

XOR(value1,value2,..)

Arguments

Fortheargumentsofthisfunction,providenumeric(0or1)orlogicalvalues(TRUEorFALSE)upto255arguments.

Remarks

ThisfunctionreturnsTRUE(or1)whennumberoftrueinputsisodd;otherwise,returnsFALSE(or0)whennumberoftrueinputsiseven.

DataTypes

Examples

XOR(3>0,2<9)givestheresultTRUE

VersionAvailable

Thisfunctionreturnstheyearasanintegerforaspecifieddate.

Syntax

YEAR(date)

Arguments

Remarks

TheSpreadcontrolcorrectlytreatstheyear1900asanon-leapyearandusesabasedateof12/31/1899.

DataTypes

Examples

YEAR(A2)

YEAR(R2C1)

YEAR(0.007) gives the result (which may be different from Excel) 1899

YEAR(DATE(2004,8,9)) gives the result 2004

YEAR(38208) gives the result 2004

YEAR("8/9/2004") gives the result 2004

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DATE|MONTH|TODAY|YEARFRAC|DateandTimeFunctions

YEARFRAC

Thisfunctionreturnsthefractionoftheyearrepresentedbythenumberofwholedaysbetweenthestartandenddates.

Syntax

YEARFRAC(startdate,enddate,basis)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionstartdate Startingdate(DateTimeobject)

enddate Endingdate(DateTimeobject)

Remarks

Thisfunctionsreturnsanerrorwhenstart,end,orbasisisinvalid.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumeric,string,DateTimeobjectdataforthedateargumentsandnumericdatafortheoptionalargument.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

YEARFRAC(A1,A2,A3)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

DATE|MONTH|TODAY|YEAR|DateandTimeFunctions

Thisfunctioncalculatestheyieldonasecuritythatpaysperiodicinterest.

Syntax

YIELD(settle,maturity,rate,price,redeem,frequency,basis)

Arguments

rate Annualcouponrate

price Priceper$100facevalueforthesecurity

redeem Redemptionvalueper$100facevalue

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormaturityisinvalid.A#NUM!errorisreturnediffrequencyisanumberotherthan1,2,or4.Ifrateislessthan0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifpriceorredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Settle,maturity,frequency,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.

DataTypes

Examples

YIELD(A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

YIELDDISC|YIELDMAT|ODDFYIELD|FinancialFunctions

YIELDDISC

Thisfunctioncalculatestheannualyieldforadiscountedsecurity.

Syntax

YIELDDISC(settle,maturity,price,redeem,basis)

Arguments

redeem Redemptionvalueper$100facevalue

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettleormaturityisinvalid.Ifpriceorredeemislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Settle,maturity,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.

DataTypes

Examples

YIEDDISC(B1,B2,B3,B4,B5)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

YIELD|YIELDMAT|ODDLYIELD|FinancialFunctions

YIELDMAT

Thisfunctioncalculatestheannualyieldofasecuritythatpaysinterestatmaturity.

Syntax

YIELDMAT(settle,maturity,issue,issrate,price,basis)

Arguments

issrate Interestrateforthesecurityatthedateofissue

Remarks

Thisfunctionreturnsa#VALUE!errorwhensettle,maturity,orissueisinvalid.Ifissrateislessthan0orpriceislessthanorequalto0,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifbasisislessthan0orgreaterthan4,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Ifsettleisgreaterthanorequaltomaturity,a#NUM!errorisreturned.Settle,maturity,issue,andbasisaretruncatedtointegers.

DataTypes

Acceptsnumericanddatedata.Returnsnumericdata.

Examples

YIELDMAT(C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6)

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

YIELD|YIELDDISC|PRICEMAT|FinancialFunctions

Z.TEST

Thisfunctionreturnsthesignificancevalueofaz-test.Thez-testgeneratesastandardscoreforxwithrespecttothesetofdataandreturnsthetwo-tailedprobabilityforthenormaldistribution.

Syntax

Z.TEST(array,x,sigma)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofdatatotest

x Valueatwhichtotest

sigma [Optional]Knownstandarddeviationforthepopulation;ifomitted,thecalculationusesthesamplestandarddeviation

Remarks

Ifsigmaisnotspecified,thecalculatedstandarddeviationofthedatainarrayisused.

Theequationforcalculatingthez-testisasfollows,wherenisthenumberofdatapoints.

DataTypes

Examples

Z.TEST(A2:D12,40,0.877)

Z.TEST(R2C1:R12C4,2)

Z.TEST({5,10,15,12,11,8,16,7},10)givestheresult0.355512703503418

Z.TEST({5,10,15,12,11,8,16,7},10,3)givestheresult0.31867594409823696

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

ZTEST|TTEST|StatisticalFunctions

Thisfunctionreturnsthesignificancevalueofaz-test.Thez-testgeneratesastandardscoreforxwithrespecttothesetofdataandreturnsthetwo-tailedprobabilityforthenormaldistribution.

Syntax

ZTEST(array,x,sigma)

Arguments

Argument Descriptionarray Arrayofdatatotest

x Valueatwhichtotest

sigma [Optional]Knownstandarddeviationforthepopulation;ifomitted,thecalculationusesthesamplestandarddeviation

Remarks

Ifsigmaisnotspecified,thecalculatedstandarddeviationofthedatainarrayisused.

Theequationforcalculatingthez-testisasfollows,wherenisthenumberofdatapoints.

DataTypes

Examples

ZTEST(A2:D12,40,0.877)

ZTEST(R2C1:R12C4,2)

ZTEST({5,10,15,12,11,8,16,7},10) gives the result 0.355512703503418

ZTEST({5,10,15,12,11,8,16,7},10,3) gives the result 0.318675944098237

VersionAvailable

SeeAlso

FTEST|TTEST|StatisticalFunctions

2 Index

A1(Letter-Number)Notation,26

ABS,66

ACCRINT,67

ACCRINTM,68

ACOS,69

ACOSH,70

ACOT,71

ACOTH,72

addingvalues,501

ADDRESS,73

AGGREGATE,74-75

AMORDEGRC,76-77

AMORLINC,78

AND,79

ARABIC,80

AREAS,81

arguments,51

ArrayFormulas,54

ArraysinaFormula,55

ASC,82

ASIN,83

ASINH,84

ATAN,85

ATAN2,86

ATANH,87

AVEDEV,88

AVERAGE,89

AVERAGEA,90

AVERAGEIF,91

AVERAGEIFfunction,91

AVERAGEIFS,92

AVERAGEIFSfunction,92

BAHTTEXT,93

BASE,94

BESSELI,95

BESSELJ,96

BESSELK,97

BESSELY,98

BETA.DIST,99

BETA.INV,100

BETADIST,101

BETAINV,102

BIN2DEC,103

BIN2HEX,104

BIN2OCT,105

BINOM.DIST,106-107

BINOM.DIST.RANGE,108

BINOM.INV,109

BINOMDIST,110-111

BITAND,112

BITLSHIFT,113

BITOR,114

BITRSHIFT,115

BITXOR,116

CALL,117

CategoriesofFunctions,36

CEILING,118

CEILING.MATH,119

CEILING.PRECISE,120

CELL,121-122

CellReferencesinaFormula,25

CHAR,123

CHIDIST,124

CHIINV,125

CHISQ.DIST,126

CHISQ.DIST.RT,127

CHISQ.INV,128

CHISQ.INV.RT,129

CHISQ.TEST,130

CHITEST,131

CHOOSE,132

CLEAN,133

CODE,134

COLUMN,135

COLUMNS,136

COMBIN,137

COMBINA,138

COMPLEX,139

ComplexNumbersinEngineeringFunctions,40

CONCAT,140

CONCATENATE,141

CONFIDENCE,142

CONFIDENCE.NORM,143

CONFIDENCE.T,144

ContactingUs,20

CONVERT,145-147

CORREL,148

COS,149

COSH,150

COT,151

COTH,152

COUNT,153

COUNTA,154

COUNTBLANK,155

COUNTIF,156

COUNTIFS,157

COUNTIFSfunction,157

COUPDAYBS,158

COUPDAYS,159

COUPDAYSNC,160

COUPNCD,161

COUPNUM,162

COUPPCD,163

COVAR,164

COVARIANCE.P,165

COVARIANCE.S,166

CRITBINOM,167

CSC,168

CSCH,169

CustomFunctions,58

CustomFunctionsinFormulas,58

CustomNamesinFormulas,59

DataTypesUsingFormulas,57

database,37

DatabaseFunctions,37

date,38,171

DateandTimeFunctions,38

DATEDIF,172

DATEVALUE,173

DAVERAGE,174

DAY,175

DayCountBasis,42

DAYS,176

DAYS360,177-178

DB,179-180

DBCS,181

DCOUNT,182

DCOUNTA,183

DDB,184

DEC2BIN,185

DEC2HEX,186

DEC2OCT,187

DECIMAL,188

DEGREES,189

DELTA,190

DEVSQ,191

DGET,192

DISC,193

DMAX,194

DMIN,195

DOLLAR,196

DOLLARDE,197

DOLLARFR,198

DPRODUCT,199

DSTDEV,200

DSTDEVP,201

DSUM,202

DURATION,203

DVAR,204

DVARP,205

DynamicArrayFormulas,56

EDATE,206

EFFECT,207

ENCODEURL,208

engineering,39

EngineeringFunctions,39

EOMONTH,209

ERF,210-211

ERF.PRECISE,212

ERFC,213

ERFC.PRECISE,214

ERROR.TYPE,215

ERRORTYPE,216

EUROCONVERT,217-218

EVEN,219

EXACT,220

EXP,221

EXPON.DIST,222-223

EXPONDIST,224-225

F.DIST,226

F.DIST.RT,227

F.INV,228

F.INV.RT,229

F.TEST,230

FACT,231

FACTDOUBLE,232

FALSE,233

FDIST,234

FILTER,235-236

FILTERXML,237

financial,41

FinancialFunctions,41

FIND,238

FINDB,239

FINV,240

FISHER,241

FISHERINV,242

FIXED,243

FLOOR,244

FLOOR.MATH,245

FLOOR.PRECISE,246

FORECAST,247

FORECAST.LINEAR,248

FormulaFunctions,61-64

FormulaOverview,22

FormulaReference,1

formulas

array,54

FORMULATEXT,249

FREQUENCY,250

FTEST,251

FunctionsAtoC,65

FunctionsDtoG,170

FunctionsHtoL,266

FunctionsinaFormula,35

FunctionsMtoQ,349

FunctionsRtoS,437

FunctionsTtoZ,509

FV,252

FVSCHEDULE,253

GAMMA,254

GAMMA.DIST,255

GAMMA.INV,256

GAMMADIST,257

GAMMAINV,258

GAMMALN,259

GAMMALN.PRECISE,260

GAUSS,261

GCD,262

GEOMEAN,263

GESTEP,264

GettingTechnicalSupport,21

GROWTH,265

HARMEAN,267

HEX2BIN,268

HEX2DEC,269

HEX2OCT,270

HLOOKUP,271

HOUR,272

HYPERLINK,273

HYPGEOM.DIST,274

HYPGEOMDIST,275

IF,276

IFERROR,277

IFERRORfunction,277

IFNA,278

IFS,279

IMABS,280

IMAGINARY,281

IMARGUMENT,282

IMCONJUGATE,283

IMCOS,284

IMCOSH,285

IMCOT,286

IMCSC,287

IMCSCH,288

IMDIV,289

IMEXP,290

IMLN,291

IMLOG10,292

IMLOG2,293

IMPOWER,294

IMPRODUCT,295

IMREAL,296

IMSEC,297

IMSECH,298

IMSIN,299

IMSINH,300

IMSQRT,301

IMSUB,302

IMSUM,303

IMTAN,304

INDEX,305

INDIRECT,306

INFO,307

information,43

InformationFunctions,43

INT,308

INTERCEPT,309

INTRATE,310

IPMT,311

IRR,312-313

ISBLANK,314

ISERR,315

ISERROR,316

ISEVEN,317

ISFORMULA,318

ISLOGICAL,319

ISNA,320

ISNONTEXT,321

ISNUMBER,322

ISO.CEILING,323

ISODD,324

ISOWEEKNUM,325

ISPMT,326

ISREF,327

ISTEXT,328

JIS,329

KURT,330

LARGE,331

LCM,332

LEFT,333

LEFTB,334

LEN,335

LENB,336

LINEST,337

LN,338

LOG,339

LOG10,340

LOGEST,341

logical,44

LogicalFunctions,44

LOGINV,342

LOGNORM.DIST,343

LOGNORM.INV,344

LOGNORMDIST,345

lookup,45,346-347,350

LookupFunctions,45

LOWER,348

MATCH,350

MATCHfunction,350

math,46

MathandTrigonometryFunctions,46

MAX,351

MAXA,352

MAXIFS,353

MDETERM,354

MDURATION,355

MEDIAN,356

MID,357

MIDB,358

MIN,359

MINA,360

MINIFS,361

MINUTE,362

MINVERSE,363

MIRR,364

MissingArguments,52

MMULT,365

MOD,366

MODE,367

MODE.MULT,368

MODE.SNGL,369

MONTH,370

MROUND,371

MULTINOMIAL,372

MUNIT,373

NA,375

NEGBINOM.DIST,376

NEGBINOMDIST,377

NETWORKDAYS,378

NETWORKDAYS.INTL,379-380

NOMINAL,381

NORM.DIST,382

NORM.INV,383

NORM.S.DIST,384

NORM.S.INV,385

NORMDIST,386

NORMINV,387

NORMSDIST,388

NORMSINV,389

NOT,390

NOW,391

NPER,392

NPV,393-394

NUMBERVALUE,395

OCT2BIN,396

OCT2DEC,397

OCT2HEX,398

ODD,399

ODDFPRICE,400

ODDFYIELD,401

ODDLPRICE,402

ODDLYIELD,403

OFFSET,404

operators,32

OperatorsinaFormula,32

OptionalArguments,51

OR,405

OrderofPrecedence,33

PDURATION,406

PEARSON,407

PERCENTILE,408

PERCENTILE.EXC,409

PERCENTILE.EXE,409

PERCENTILE.INC,410

PERCENTRANK,411

PERCENTRANK.EXC,412

PERCENTRANK.INC,413

PERMUT,414

PERMUTATIONA,415

PHI,416

PHONETIC,417

PI,418

PMT,419

POISSON,420-421

POISSON.DIST,422-423

POWER,424

PPMT,425

PRICE,426

PRICEDISC,427

PRICEMAT,428

PROB,429

PRODUCT,430

PROPER,431

PV,432

QUARTILE,433

QUARTILE.EXC,434

QUARTILE.INC,435

QUOTIENT,436

R1C1(Number-Number)Notation,27

RADIANS,438

RAND,439

RANDARRAY,440-441

RANDBETWEEN,442

RANK,443

RANK.AVG,444

RANK.EQ,445

RATE,446

RECEIVED,447

references,29,30-31

RelativeandAbsolute,28

REPLACE,448

REPLACEB,449

REPT,450

ResultantErrorValues,60

RIGHT,451

RIGHTB,452

ROMAN,453

ROUND,454

ROUNDDOWN,455

ROUNDUP,456

ROW,457

ROWS,458

RRI,459

RSQ,460

RTD,461

SampleFormula,24

ScopeofCellReferences,29

SEARCH,462

SEARCHB,463

SEC,464

SECH,465

SECOND,466

SECONDfunction,466

SEQUENCE,468

SERIESSUM,467

SHEET,469

SheetReferencesinaFormula,30-31

SHEETS,470

SIGN,471

SIN,472

SINGLE,474

SINH,473

SKEW,475

SKEW.P,476

SLN,477

SLOPE,478

SMALL,479

SORT,480-482

SORTBY,483-484

SQRT,485

SQRTPI,486

STANDARDIZE,487

statistical,47-48

StatisticalFunctions,47-48

STDEV,488

STDEV.P,489

STDEV.S,490

STDEVA,491

STDEVP,492

STDEVPA,493

STEYX,494

SUBSTITUE,495

SUBSTITUTE,495

SUBTOTAL,496-497

SUM,498-499

SUMIF,500

SUMIFS,501

SUMIFSfunction,501

SUMPRODUCT,502

SUMSQ,503

SUMX2MY2,504

SUMX2PY2,505

SUMXMY2,506

support,21

SWITCH,507

SYD,508

T.DIST,511

T.DIST.2T,512

T.DIST.RT,513

T.INV,514

T.INV.2T,515

T.TEST,516

TAN,517

TANH,518

TBILLEQ,519

TBILLPRICE,520

TBILLYIELD,521

TDIST,522

text,49,523

TEXTfunction,523

TextFunctions,49

TEXTJOIN,524

time,38,525

TIMEVALUE,526

TINV,527

TODAY,528

TRANSPOSE,529

TREND,530

trigonometry,46

TRIM,531

TRIMMEAN,532

TRUE,533

TRUNC,534

TTEST,535

TYPE,536

TypesofFunctions,36

UNICHAR,537

UNICODE,538

UNIQUE,539-540

UPPER,541

USDOLLAR,542

UsingOperatorswithDatesandTimes,34

VALUE,543

VAR,544-545

VAR.P,546

VAR.S,547

VARA,548-549

VARP,550

VARPA,551-552

VDB,553

VLOOKUP,554

volatile,53

VolatileFunctions,53

WebFunctions,50

WEBSERVICE,555

WEEKDAY,556

WEEKNUM,557

WEIBULL,558

WEIBULL.DIST,559

WhatisaFormula?,23

WORKDAY,560

WORKDAY.INTL,561-562

XIRR,563

XNPV,564

XOR,565

YEAR,566

YEARFRAC,567

YIELD,568

YIELDDISC,569

YIELDMAT,570

Z.TEST,571

ZTEST,572

Spread Formula Reference - GrapeCityhelp.grapecity.com/spread/PDF/spformula.pdf · Reference 1 1....

Documents

Transcript of Spread Formula Reference - GrapeCityhelp.grapecity.com/spread/PDF/spformula.pdf · Reference 1 1....

MultiRow Windows Forms Developer's Guide - GrapeCityhelp.grapecity.com/spread/PDF/GrapeCity.Win.MultiRow.pdfShow Column Sum in Footer (SummaryCell) 288-290 Displaying an Error Icon

Maximus Formula (Special Edition)/ Maximus Formula

On the goodness of –t of Kirk™s formula for spread option ...

B. FORMULA CONTINENTAL / F PREPARATION RULES 1. FORMULA ... · b. formula continental / f preparation rules 1. formula continental and formula f preparation rules ... engine, with

CHEMICAL FORMULA D. Crowley, 2007. Chemical Formula To understand chemical formula.

Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula

FlexGrid for WinForms - GrapeCityhelp.grapecity.com/.../PDF/WinForms/WinForms.Flexgrid.pdfFlexGrid for WinForms Overview FlexGrid for WinForms incorporates the latest in data-binding

ACT MATH FORMULA REVIEW - Duplin County … MATH FORMULA REVIEW A0 = 1 A1 = A √ √ √ √ √ √ AmAn = Am+n Distance Formula Midpoint Formula √ Quadratic Formula √ Distance

The F1 FORMULA 1 logo, F1 logo, FORMULA 1, F1, FIA FORMULA …

Scheduler for WPF - GrapeCityhelp.grapecity.com/componentone/PDF/WPF/WPF.Scheduler.pdf · Silverlight and WPF . With options like customizable dialog boxes, built-in data views, import/export

Maps for WPF and Silverlight - GrapeCityhelp.grapecity.com › componentone › PDF › WPF › WPF.Maps.pdfMaps for WPF and Silverlight Key Features 3 Maps for WPF and Silverlight

Spread Windows Forms Developer’s Guide - GrapeCityhelp.grapecity.com/spread/PDF/SpWinDevGuide.pdf · Creating a Custom Sheet Model 98-99 Understanding the Optional Interfaces 99-100

Ayurveda: Art of Living Aromatherapy. Aromatherapy Formula 1 - Vitalizing Formula 2 - Head Clear Formula 3 - Formula 3 - Bliss Blend Formula 9 – Sattvic.

The Mole Unit 6. Formula Mass Formula mass - (also called gram formula mass, molecular mass, formula weight, gram formula weight, molecular weight, gram.

IIIIII Formula’s The Mole. Formulas n molecular formula = (empirical formula) n n molecular formula = C 6 H 6 n empirical formula = CH Empirical formula:

FlexGrid for WPF and Silverlight - GrapeCityhelp.grapecity.com/componentone/PDF/WPF/WPF.FlexGrid.pdf · 2019-07-30 · FlexGrid for WPF and Silverlight Overview FlexGrid for WPF and

ActiveReports 11 Server - GrapeCityhelp.grapecity.com/.../PDF/ActiveReports11ServerDesigner.pdf · 2018-04-16 · ActiveReports 11 Server Designer User Guide ActiveReports Server

Maps for WinForms - GrapeCityhelp.grapecity.com/componentone/PDF/WinForms/WinForms...new WinForms application in Visual Studio, add the C1Map control to the application, add vector

Differentiation Formula Integration Formula - PC\|MAC

PRICING OF CATASTROPHE LINKED SECURITIES · 2018-05-22 · PRICING OF CATASTROPHE LINKED SECURITIES BY STAVROS CHRISTOFIDES ABSTRACT A formula for the spread of Catastrophe Bonds