Space!

June PPT

Do Now

• What are the names of the planets in order from the Sun to the Last Planet?

• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (Pluto)

Planets• Inner Planets– Mercury– Venus– Earth– Mars

• Asteroid Belt• Outer Planets– Jupiter– Saturn– Uranus– Neptune

The Hot Planet• Mercury– Names after the Roman messenger God because it

moves quickly around the sun (88 days)– A single day on Mercury is 176 Earth Days!

• Mercury continued– 873 degrees in the day and -297 degrees in the

dark– Similar in size and texture to our moon– Many craters from many meteors

Earth’s Twin• Venus– Closest in size to the Earth– Hotter than Mercury

atmosphere traps gases– 80% of the planet is volcanic

mountain ranges • mountains larger than Everest

– Named after the Roman Goddess of Love

• Venus Continued– Takes 225 Earth days to orbit the sun, and a day on

Venus lasts 245 Earth days– Venus rotates form West to East, so the Sun rises

in the West and sets in the East

The Blue Planet• Earth– The only planet known to support life and contain

water– Has an atmosphere that distributes sunlight and

gases– A day is 24.25 hours long, and a year is 365-366 days

long

The Red Planet• Mars– Named after the Roman God of War– Houses “Olympus Mons”• Tallest volcano in the solar system• 4x the height of Everest

– Red from all of the rust (iron oxide) – As big as the Earth’s core– Mars has two moons: • Phobus and Deimos

• Mars continued– Traces of oxygen and water have been found, but

no life– Temps go between 68 degrees and -200 degrees– Year is twice as long as an Earth year

Planets Day Two• Do Now: -Write the inner planets from smallest to largest- Write the outer planets from smallest to largest

King of Planets

• Named after the Roman God King• Largest planets, rotates the fastest• Has 63 moons• Made completely of gases

• Jupiter continued– Can fit over 1000 Earths in Jupiter– Giant Red Spot:• Can fit three Earth’s inside• Is a Giant Hurricane raging for 340 years

– Jupiter has thin rings

Rings• Named after the Roman God of Agriculture• Second largest planet in the solar system• A day on Saturn is 10 hr 39 min• Has nine moons

• Made up of gases • Seven layers make up the rings– Over 1 KM thick

• Rings are made of ice and dust particles

Topsy Turvy • Named after the Roman God of the Sky• Made up of methane gases– Gives it that blue color

• Seasons last twice as long • Rotates from bottom to top• Has at least seven moons

Windy Planet• Named after the Roman God of the Sea• Winds over 1,200 MPH• One of the last planets to be discovered• Has 13 moons• Contains methane in the clouds– Gives it the blue color

Dwarf Planets• In 2006 Dwarf Planets were classified• Dwarf Planets– Pluto• Moon: Charon

– Ceres– Eris

• What’s a Dwarf Planet?– Orbit the sun, small, are not rounded

Planets Day Three

• Do Now:– What is the biggest star in our solar system?

Trick Question! The SUN!

The Sun

• Largest star in our solar system• 92,960,000 miles away from Earth– Takes light 8 minutes to reach Earth from Sun

• Strong magnetic and gravitational field

• Composition– 75% hydrogen, 24% helium, 1% oxygen/carbon

• Gets its heat from the burning of gases• Sun Spots- regions of intense magnetivity– Usually exist in pairs for pos. and neg.

Video of Solar Weather

The Sun

• Solar activities

• How solar activities affect communication

• Nuclear fusion of the sun

• How n. fusion of the sun/star create other chemicals

The Sun: Day One

• Types of solar activities:1. Sun Spots2. Solar Cycles3. Solar Flares4. Solar Winds

Sun Spots

• Areas of intense magnetivity• Darker and cooler than the rest of the sun by

about 2-3000 degrees C• Can be used to predict space weather

Solar Cycles

• Period of change in solar activity– Changes in levels of radiation

• Cycles last about 11 years• Can be observed through appearances and

auras • Causes changes in space weather and Earth

climate• Distinguished by their magnetic field

Solar Flares• Sudden flash of brightness• Large energy release• Emits large amount of radiation and

temperatures• Amount based on cycle– Active• Many a day

– Passive• One per week

Solar Winds• Stream of plasma released from the upper

atmosphere of the sun– A string of protons and electrons

• Escape the sun’s atmosphere/gravity due to high energy

Assignment: Sun 11. What are the four types of solar activity?2. How long is the average solar cycle?3. Solar winds contain what two parts of an

atom?4. A large amount of radiation is emitted by

which type of solar activity?5. Which type of solar activity reveals a lot of

magnetic pull?6. Which type of solar activity affects Earthly

climate?

The Sun: Day Two

• Question we will be answering today:– How do solar activities affect Earth?

– DO NOW!– What are the four types of solar activities?

Solar Winds, Flares, Sun Spots, Solar Cycles

How is Earth Affected?

• Technology– During active solar cycles, many solar flares– Solar flares can damage GPS and satellites– Radiation can alter electronics– Too many protons and electrons can over power

the system

• Radiation Hazards– Sun can emit a lot of radiation– Can affect astronauts and equipment– Can cause health issues

• Weather– Raise in CO2 levels which raise temps• Generates Carbon 14

– Can cause El Nino ocean welling– Can lead to volcanic eruptions due to a lot of

magnetic pull

• Climate– Increases magnetic pull which can affect seasons– Affects long term:• Hot• Cold• Rainfall • Drought

Assignment: Sun 21. Why would an excess of protons and

electrons cause a technological system to over-load?

2. Why would intense magnetic pull cause volcanic eruptions?

3. What is the difference between climate and weather?

4. How long is the average solar cycle?

The Sun: Day ThreeDO NOW

• What are the alternative energy resources?• Define each

Wind Energy, Solar Energy, Geo-Thermal Energy, Nuclear Energy, Hydro-Electric Energy

Nuclear Energy• Fusion- combing of two or more atoms• Fission- separating of two or more atoms

• Sun generates energy through fusion– Hydrogen to Helium– Temp and Pressure combines atoms

• Sun’s Chemical Composition– 75% hydrogen & 25% helium

• Fusion Rate– Stays constant for the sun to remain same size and

have same gravitational pull• Energy– Produced at the core– Hydrogen to Helium– Travels by radiation upward to surface to become

sunlight

Environmental Concerns• Nuclear Fusion emits a lot of carbon– Increase temps– Cause climate shifts

• Considered renewable– Sun’s temp and pressure is constant

Assignment: Sun 3 1. Define:– Fission– Fusion

2. What is the difference between fission and fusion?

3. Where does the Sun’s fusion take place?4. What is the chemical comp. of the sun?5. What allows the sun to stay the same size?6. How can nuclear fusion cause the climate to

shift?