Post on 03-Aug-2020
Solar Electric Systems -Utility Engineer’s Perspective
Luis EstradaDistribution Engineer - PNM
Luis.Estrada@pnm.com575-642-4388
Power Supply Planning - Balancing Reliability, Affordability and the Environment
PNM’s 2016 Integrated Resource Plan
Although planning is ongoing at PNM, every 4 years PNM conducts a public planning process that results in an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), which serves as a roadmap the utility company.
• The IRP includes a four-year action plan and a long-term look at the next 20 years that were will file with the N.M. Public Regulation Commission . (the most recent plan was filed in 2016.
• The state requires the utilities to examine the challenges and opportunities for providing energy in the future and to identify the most cost-effective power generation portfolio.
PNM Serves More than 500,000 residential and business customers in New Mexico in Greater Albuquerque, Rio Rancho, Los Lunas and Belen, Santa Fe, Las Vegas, Alamogordo, Ruidoso, Silver City, Deming, Bayard, Lordsburg, Clayton and the New Mexico tribal communities of the Tesuque, Cochiti, Santo Domingo, San Felipe, Santa Ana, Sandia, Isleta and Laguna Pueblos.
What’s New? Perhaps the most significant recent development for our customers since our 2016 IRP is the alternative reached with the state and EPA to retire two units of our coal-fired San Juan Generating Station by 2019 in order to meet federal visibility requirements.
Power Supply Planning - Balancing Reliability, Affordability and the Environment
WHERE YOUR POWER COMES FROM TODAY
Name Location Year fully completed
Fuel Capacity Capacity (MW( PNMShare of capacity
Operator
San Juan Generating Station Waterflow , NM 1982 Coal 1,646 783 PNM
Four Corners Power Plant Navajo Nation 1970 Coal 1,478 200 APS
Reeves Generating Station Albuquerque 1962 Nat. Gas 154 154 PNM
Afton Generating station New Las Cruces 2007 Nat. Gas 230 230 PNM
Luna Energy Facility New Deming 2006 Nat. Gas 570 185 PNM
Lordsburg Generation Station Lordsburg 2007 Nat. Gas 80 80 PNM
New Mexico Wind Energy Center Near House, NM 2003 Wind 200 200 3rd Party
Valencia energy Facility Near Belen, NM 2008 Nat. Gas 145 145 3rd Party
Delta Person Generating Station Albuquerque 2001 Nat. Gas 132 132 3rd Party
PNM Solar Energy Facilities Various Location 2011-2016 Solar PV 65 65 PNM
Customer solar Program (Distributed solar PV facilities)
PNM customer sites (most often roof type)
N/A Solar PV 53.2 53.2 PNM
Dale Burgett Geothermal Plant Lordsburg, NM 2013 Geothermal 4 10 CyrgEnergy
CARBON: CLEAN POWER PLAN FOR EXISTING SOURCES
Overview •Requires a 32% reduction in CO2 emissions from fossil electric generating units by 2030. •Compliance begins in 2022 with final compliance by 2030.
•NM is required to reduce emissions by 32% (lbs CO2/MWh) on a rate basis or 28% on a mass basis (tons CO2) from 10 affected facilities (including four from PNM). Shutdown of SJGS Units 2 & 3 reduces annual CO2 emissions ≈50% and is a significant step towards NM’s compliance with the Clean Power Plan.
Year New Mexico Current State
CO2 Emissions Rate CO2 Emissions
2012 1,798 lbs/MWh 17, 339,682 tons
EPA Standard for New Mexico
CO2 emissions rate CO2 Emissions
2022 1,325 lbs/MWh 13,815,561 tons
2030 1,146 lbs/MWH 12,412,602 tons
• EPA has set the national ambient air quality standard for ozone at 70 ppb (from former 75 ppb).
CARBON REGULATION – CLEAN AIR
PNM - Generation Portfolio
PNM keeps pushing for improvement. Recently added three new sites that have added 30 MW of power to our grid that can power 12,750 average homes.Plans for 2019 to add an additional 50 MW in the very near future.
Added in 2018Facebook Data Center (Valencia County)Size: 10 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 4,250 average homes
Facebook Data Center (Bernalillo County)Size: Two, 10 megawatt grid-connected solar centers located adjacent to each other west of AlbuquerqueEnergy production: Equivalent of 8,500 average homes
Added in 2015Santolina (Bernalillo County)Size: 10.5 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 4,250 average homes
Rio Communities (Valencia County)Size: 10 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 4,205 average homes
Santa Fe CountySize: 9.5 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 3,850 average homes
South Valley (Bernalillo County)Size: 10 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 4,025 average homes
Added in 2014
Meadow Lake (Valencia County)Size: 9 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 3,450 average homes
Cibola CountySize: 8 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 3,050 average homes
Sandoval CountySize: 6.4 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 2,450 average homes
Added in 2013
Otero CountySize: 7.5 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 2,550 average homes
Los Lunas (Valencia County)Online in June 2011 and expanded in 2013Size: 9 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 3,450 average homes
Manzano (Valencia County)Size: 8 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 2,675 average homes
DemingOnline in August 2011 and expanded in 2013Size: 9 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 3,000 average homes
PNM Otero County Solar Photovoltaic Facility• PNM constructed the 7.5-megawatt Otero County solar
system in 2013.
• The solar facility is located on a 70-acre site southeast of Tularosa at U.S 70 and Alamo St.
• The facility is interconnected to PNM’s existing electric distribution system and is owned and operated by PNM.
• Grading began in March 2013. Construction of the PV panels started in July. The system came online in November of 2013.
• The PV panels are produced by First Solar, of Tempe, Arizona, using the thin film technology.
• The solar panels are ground-mounted and rise to a height of six feet
PNM Otero County Solar Energy FacilityOnline 2013
Number of Panels: About 101,250Acreage: 54Monthly Energy Production: 1,351,350 kWH/day Based on current usage, estimated number of homes supplied: 2,400Annual carbon reduction: 7,200 tons, the equivalent of removing 1,360 cars from the road.
Distributive GenerationThere are currently more than 13,000 solar customers interconnected to the PNM system which drives the local solar industry
SOLAR ENERGY – JULY TYPICAL DAY ENERGY PRODUCTION
Utilities Growing Challenges to Solar Adoption
PNM Customer Solar ProgramIn November of 2016, PNM was approved to extend the Customer Solar REC Purchase Programs for three more years, starting January 1, 2017 and continuing through the end of 2019 (see Final Order for NMPRC Case No. 16-00148-UT at NMPRC.state.nm.us).
The program consists of two size categories of new solar and solar thermal systems, small and large systems.
Starting January 1, 2018, PNM has been approved to extend the Customer Solar REC Purchase Program, through December 31, 2019, to include large systems above 100 kWACup to and including 1 MWAC of inverter capacity.
PNM Solar ProgramDetailed information on all programs:Small Systems: systems up to and including 10 kWAC of inverter capacity. The annual
program capacity limit for Small systems is 2 MWAC (6 MW AC total for the 3-year extension). Projects will have nine (9) months from passing technical screening to construction/ permitting in order to receive the REC credit. The application fee is $150.
Large Systems: systems above 10 kWAC up to and including 100 kWACof inverter capacity. The annual program capacity limit for Large systems is 1 MWAC (3 MWAC total for the 3-year extension). Projects will have twelve (12) months from passing technical screening to construction/permitting in order to receive the REC credit. The application fee is $450.
Large Systems above 100 kWAC: systems above 100 kWAC up to and including 1 MWAC of inverter capacity. The annual program capacity limit for large systems is 2 MWAC. Projects will have twelve (12) months from passing the technical screening to construction/permitting in order to receive the REC credit. The application fee is $450 plus $1.00 for each kWAC above 100 kWAC.
RESIDENTIAL ROOFTOP SYSTEMS
• Siting• Sizing• Typical Components• Interconnect to the Grid• Impact on the Electric Grid• Relative Cost
RESIDENTIAL ROOFTOP SYSTEMS
• Siting• Sizing• Typical Components• Interconnect to the Grid• Impact on the Electric Grid• Relative Cost
Source: NREL Image Gallery Photo 22179 by Dennis Schroeder / NREL
RESIDENTIAL ROOFTOP SYSTEMS• Siting• Sizing• Typical Components• Interconnect to the Grid• Impact on the Electric Grid• Relative Cost
Source: solarstik.com
All
• Ensure proper operation of system• Quality of power delivered • Power is transmitted into the PNM system• Flicker or harmonic distortion• Abnormal frequency or voltage conditions on utiltity
grid.• Customers must operate PV system as approved
through the interconnection process application.
Consideration for Interconnection• Customer owned PV system desiring to
interconnect with PNM system will be required to meet certain interconnection and safety standards.
• PNM will review the Solar generation facility’s interconnection design and will make corrective recommendation as necessary.
• PNM Safety standards are designed to assure: The integrity of the PNM SystemThe quality of the service to all customersThe safety of employees and customers
• All protection equipment associated with the interface, operational procedures, relay setting and power transfer modes will be reviewed for acceptability by PNM. All interconnection equipment will be inspected and checked by PNM personnel to accept the design and installation of the interconnection protection equipment.
Source: solarstik.com
SolarArray
MainService Panel
PNMMeter
AC Disconnect(PV and/or ESS)
ProductionMeter
Modules: 8 x 300 W = 2.4 kWdcInverter(s): 1 x 2000 W = 2.0 kWac Storage
(if applicable): kWacSITE MAP
505 Camino de SolarAlbuquerque, NM
REQUIRED FEATURES Site address System capacity calculation
text box Outline of structure All equipment with arrow
callouts (not legend). Pleasenote that Billing meter andProduction Meter must bewithin 5 feet or a Variance isrequired.
Location and name of c losest street.
Compass Rose Please keep al l required
i tems in a s ingle page.
Helpful Features Satel l i te Image Other Identi fy ing
informationNote: PNM may request
addit ional information i f determined i t is necessary during the screening process.
Required Documents
N
Required – One Line Diagram
Incentives• All awarded REC purchase agreements will have a term of eight (8) years and
a REC purchase price of $.0025/kWh for energy produced and consumed on-site.
• The annual available capacity for both the Small and Large categories is reset every year; unused capacity from the previous year will not carry over to the next year.
• If the annual allotment in either the Small or Large category becomes fully subscribed, new applicants will be placed on a waiting list.
• If REC capacity becomes available (due to a cancelled project or a project which doesn't make the construction deadline), the next applicant on the waiting list will be awarded the REC purchase contract.
PNM-Available REC Capacity
Systems up to and including 10 kWAC
Capacity is available from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019
Total Available Capacity 2000 kWAC
Capacity Reserved 397 kWAC
Percent Reserved (%) 20 %
Capacity Remaining 1,602 kWAC
Percent Remaining (%) 80 %
REC price per kWh $0.0025
Table last updated on: 6/7/2019
• At the beginning of every year, the annual program capacity limit in each category will be reset. In the event the allotment in a category becomes fully subscribed, further applications will be placed on a waiting list and will be processed if capacity becomes available.
Systems larger than 10 kWAC up to and including 100 kWACCapacity is available from January 1, 2019 to
December 31, 2019
Total Available Capacity 1000 kWAC
Capacity Reserved 685.20 kWAC
Percent Reserved (%) 69 %
Capacity Remaining 315 kWAC
Percent Remaining (%) 31 %
REC price per kWh $0.0025
PNM-Available REC Capacity
Systems larger than 100 kWAC up to and including 1 MWAC
Capacity is available from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019
Total Available Capacity 2000 kWAC
Capacity Reserved 1,687.80 kWAC
Percent Reserved (%) 84 %
Capacity Remaining 312 kWAC
Percent Remaining (%) 16 %
REC price per kWh $0.0025
Table last updated on: 6/7/2019
Solar Lease Key Points
PNM host customer Leasing Company owns the solar system
Lease agreement between customer andlease company
SOLAR LEASE Arrangement
• PNM does Install or lease solar panels. PNM is responsible for safely interconnecting the customer to provide electricity when the sun is not shinining.
• PNM recommends to be familiar with the solar program before making any long term commitment.
• Customers who participate in solar leasing will be a 3rd party agreement as seen below program.
a) This means the customer gets the benefits of the solar generation which is netted against your usage and
b) The owner of the PV system will receive the REC payment from PNM (when customers owned their own solar panels, they receive a REC payment from pNM.
SUMMARY POINTS
• Lots of Types of Solar Systems• Lots of Considerations for Each Type of Solar
System• Several Solar System Design Tools Available PVWatts Calculator
http://pvwatts.nrel.gov PVSYST http://www.pvsyst.com System Advisor Model https://sam.nrel.gov/